2001 a Space Odyssey
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Spring 2018 Undergraduate Law Journal
SPRING 2018 UNDERGRADUATE LAW JOURNAL The Final Frontier: Evolution of Space Law in a Global Society By: Garett Faulkender and Stephan Schneider Introduction “Space: the final frontier!” These are the famous introductory words spoken by William Shatner on every episode of Star Trek. This science-fiction TV show has gained a cult-following with its premise as a futuristic Space odyssey. Originally released in 1966, many saw the portrayed future filled with Space-travel, inter-planetary commerce and politics, and futuristic technology as merely a dream. However, today we are starting to explore this frontier. “We are entering an exciting era in [S]pace where we expect more advances in the next few decades than throughout human history.”1 Bank of America/Merrill Lynch has predicted that the Space industry will grow to over $2.7 trillion over the next three decades. Its report said, “a new raft of drivers is pushing the ‘Space Age 2.0’”.2 Indeed, this market has seen start-up investments in the range of $16 billion,3 helping fund impressive new companies like Virgin Galactic and SpaceX. There is certainly a market as Virgin Galactic says more than 600 customers have registered for a $250,000 suborbital trip, including Leonardo DiCaprio, Katy Perry, Ashton Kutcher, and physicist Stephen Hawking.4 Although Space-tourism is the exciting face of a future in Space, the Space industry has far more to offer. According to the Satellite Industries 1 Michael Sheetz, The Space Industry Will Be Worth Nearly $3 Trillion in 30 Years, Bank of America Predicts, CNBC, (last updated Oct. -
Phobos, Deimos: Formation and Evolution Alex Soumbatov-Gur
Phobos, Deimos: Formation and Evolution Alex Soumbatov-Gur To cite this version: Alex Soumbatov-Gur. Phobos, Deimos: Formation and Evolution. [Research Report] Karpov institute of physical chemistry. 2019. hal-02147461 HAL Id: hal-02147461 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02147461 Submitted on 4 Jun 2019 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Phobos, Deimos: Formation and Evolution Alex Soumbatov-Gur The moons are confirmed to be ejected parts of Mars’ crust. After explosive throwing out as cone-like rocks they plastically evolved with density decays and materials transformations. Their expansion evolutions were accompanied by global ruptures and small scale rock ejections with concurrent crater formations. The scenario reconciles orbital and physical parameters of the moons. It coherently explains dozens of their properties including spectra, appearances, size differences, crater locations, fracture symmetries, orbits, evolution trends, geologic activity, Phobos’ grooves, mechanism of their origin, etc. The ejective approach is also discussed in the context of observational data on near-Earth asteroids, main belt asteroids Steins, Vesta, and Mars. The approach incorporates known fission mechanism of formation of miniature asteroids, logically accounts for its outliers, and naturally explains formations of small celestial bodies of various sizes. -
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Journal of Physics Special Topics P3_5 ALL THESE WORLDS ARE YOURS J. Bettles, I. Clarke, M. Perry and N. Pilkington. Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 7RH. November 03, 2011 Abstract This paper investigates a plot point of the novel 2010: Odyssey Two by Arthur C. Clarke in which self replicating monoliths engulf Jupiter, increasing its density to the point when nuclear fusion can take place, giving birth to a new star. It was found that 1.629x1020 monoliths would be needed to trigger nuclear fusion in Jupiter's core, taking 136 hours to do so. Mission Profile Anomaly 1) was stated as being 11 feet tall In the second novel of Arthur C. Clarke's (3.35m) with dimensions in the exact ratio of Space Odyssey series, 2010: Odyssey Two, a 1:4:9 (the squares of the first three integers) crew was sent to discover what went wrong for depth, width and height respectively [2]. with an earlier mission to investigate a The monolith found orbiting Jupiter, monolith (figure 1) in orbit around Jupiter. designated TMA-2 (doubly inaccurate since it Shortly after they arrived, the crew were told was neither discovered in the Tycho crater to leave as “something wonderful” was going nor did it give off any magnetic signal), had to happen. The monolith disappeared from dimensions in the exact same ratio, but was orbit and a dark spot appeared on Jupiter and 718 times bigger than TMA-1 [3]. This enabled began to grow. The spot was a population of us to calculate the dimensions of TMA-2 as monoliths that were self replicating 267.5x1070x2407m with a volume of exponentially and consuming the planet. -
Visions of the Universe: Four Centuries of Discovery One-Hour
Visions of the Universe: Four Centuries of Discovery One-Hour Exhibit Tour / Program “Visions of the Universe: Four Centuries of Discovery” was produced in December 2008 by the Space Telescope Science Institute, the American Library Association, and the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, through funding from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Some guidelines from NGS standards 2nd – 4th grade: Science and Engineering Practices - Constructing Explanations and Designing Solutions - Constructing explanations and designing solutions in K–2 builds on prior experiences and progresses to the use of evidence and ideas in constructing evidence-based accounts of natural phenomena and designing solutions. - Make observations from several sources to construct an evidence-based account for natural phenomena. Disciplinary Core Ideas The History of Planet Earth – Some events happen very quickly; others occur very slowly, over a time period much longer than one can observe. Crosscutting Concepts Stability and Change – Things may change slowly or rapidly. In this program, the educator will guide a group through the “Visions of the Universe” exhibit, which consists of 12 panels mounted on foam board. Reading the text of each poster, and showing the depictions of space objects, exploration and achievements, the educator will present a big-picture view of the history of astronomy. At certain points, depending on time and group, you may connect the concepts of a given poster to one of the suggested “Earth and Space” activities. Refer to the supplemental materials in the “Visions of the Universe” binder for the background knowledge you will need to answer any questions that may come up! I. Visions of the Universe Intro “Telescopes have transformed not only our views of the universe, but also our understanding of the planets, stars, and galaxies within it.” After reading the poster, pause to let kids look through one of our Galileoscopes. -
The Crystal Monolith
Firenze University Press www.fupress.com/substantia Feature Article 2001: The Crystal Monolith Citation: J.M. Garcia-Ruiz (2018) 2001: The Crystal Monolith. Substantia Juan Manuel Garcia-Ruiz 2(2): 19-25. doi: 10.13128/substantia- 57 Laboratorio de Estudios Cristalográficos. Instituto Andaluz de Ciencias de la Tierra. CSIC-Universidad de Granada. Spain Copyright: © 2018 J.M. Garcia-Ruiz. E-mail: [email protected] This is an open access, peer-reviewed article published by Firenze University Press (http://www.fupress.com/substan- Abstract. In the famous movie “2001: A Space Odyssey”, Stanley Kubrick and Arthur tia) and distribuited under the terms Clarke claim that an extraterrestrial civilization catalyzed the evolution of hominids of the Creative Commons Attribution on our planet. To represent such a powerful civilization, they use a crystal. To date, License, which permits unrestricted it seems that we have not been contacted by advanced civilizations and that we are use, distribution, and reproduction alone to manage our own future. Yet Kubrick and Clarke perhaps intuitively touched a in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. truth about the power of crystals. An argument is developed here that genuine crystals, mainly quartz single crystals, were the earliest catalysts of the abstract thinking, sym- Data Availability Statement: All rel- bolism, and consciousness. evant data are within the paper and its Supporting Information files. Keywords. Crystals, crystallography, abstract thinking, paleoneurobiology, Kubrick, “2001: A Space Odissey”. Competing Interests: The Author(s) declare(s) no conflict of interest. THE MONOLITH OF “2001: A SPACE ODYSSEY” Art, in its very different forms, has contributed and contributes almost as much as science and philosophy to create our conception of the outside world. -
Alien Encounters and the Alien/Human Dichotomy in Stanley Kubrick's <Em>2001: a Space Odyssey</Em> and Andrei Tark
University of South Florida Scholar Commons Graduate Theses and Dissertations Graduate School 4-1-2010 Alien Encounters and the Alien/Human Dichotomy in Stanley Kubrick‘s 2001: A Space Odyssey and Andrei Tarkovsky‘s Solaris Keith Cavedo University of South Florida Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd Part of the American Studies Commons Scholar Commons Citation Cavedo, Keith, "Alien Encounters and the Alien/Human Dichotomy in Stanley Kubrick‘s 2001: A Space Odyssey and Andrei Tarkovsky‘s Solaris" (2010). Graduate Theses and Dissertations. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/1593 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at Scholar Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Scholar Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Alien Encounters and the Alien/Human Dichotomy in Stanley Kubrick‘s 2001: A Space Odyssey and Andrei Tarkovsky‘s Solaris by Keith Cavedo A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of English College of Arts and Sciences University of South Florida Major Professor: Phillip Sipiora, Ph.D. Lawrence Broer, Ph.D. Victor Peppard, Ph.D. Silvio Gaggi, Ph.D. Date of Approval: April 1, 2010 Keywords: Film Studies, Science Fiction Studies, Alien Identity, Human Identity © Copyright 2010, Keith Cavedo Dedication I dedicate this scholarly enterprise with all my heart to my parents, Vicki McCook Cavedo and Raymond Bernard Cavedo, Jr. for their unwavering love, support, and kindness through many difficult years. Each in their own way a lodestar, my parents have guided me to my particular destination. -
Design and Validation of a Compact Radius Centrifuge Artificial Gravity Test Platform
Design and Validation of a Compact Radius Centrifuge Artificial Gravity Test Platform by Chris Trigg B.S. Environmental Engineering Northwestern University, 2008 M.S. Environmental Engineering Stanford University, 2009 SUBMITTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF AERONAUTICS AND ASTRONAUTICS IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE IN AERONAUTICS AND ASTRONAUTICS AT THE MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TEHCNOLOGY MAY 2013 ©2013 Massachusetts Institute of Technology All Rights Reserved Signature of Author: ____________________________________________________________________ Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics May 23, 2013 Certified by: __________________________________________________________________________ Prof. Laurence R. Young Apollo Program Professor of Astronautics Professor of Health Sciences and Technology Thesis Supervisor Accepted by: __________________________________________________________________________ Prof. Eytan H. Modiano Professor of Aeronautics and Astronautics Chair, Graduate Program Committee 2 Design and Validation of a Compact Radius Centrifuge Artificial Gravity Test Platform by Chris Trigg Submitted to the Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics on 23 May, 2013 in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Aeronautics and Astronautics ABSTRACT Intermittent exposure to artificial gravity on a short radius centrifuge (SRC) with exercise is a promising, comprehensive countermeasure to the cardiovascular and musculoskeletal deconditioning that occurs as a result of prolonged exposure to microgravity. To date, the study of artificial gravity has been done using bedrest and SRC’s with subjects positioned radially with the head at the center of rotation. A recent proposal to put a human centrifuge on the International Space Station (ISS) highlighted the reality that near-term inflight SRC’s will likely be confined to radii shorter than has been typically used in terrestrial analogs. -
Talking Without Talking
Honey Brijwani et al Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications www.ijera.com ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 4, Issue 4( Version 9), April 2014, pp.51-56 RESEARCH ARTICLE OPEN ACCESS Talking Without Talking Deepak Balwani*, Honey Brijwani*, Karishma Daswani*, Somyata Rastogi* *(Student, Department of Electronics and Telecommunication, V. E. S. Institute of Technology, Mumbai ABTRACT The Silent sound technology is a completely new technology which can prove to be a solution for those who have lost their voice but wish to speak over phone. It can be used as part of a communications system operating in silence-required or high-background- noise environments. This article outlines the history associated with the technology followed by presenting two most preferred techniques viz. Electromyography and Ultrasound SSI. The concluding Section compares and contrasts these two techniques and put forth the future prospects of this technology. Keywords- Articulators , Electromyography, Ultrasound SSI, Vocoder, Linear Predictive Coding I. INTRODUCTION Electromyography involves monitoring tiny muscular Each one of us at some point or the other in movements that occur when we speak and converting our lives must have faced a situation of talking aloud them into electrical pulses that can then be turned on the cell phone in the midst of the disturbance into speech, without a sound being uttered. while travelling in trains or buses or in a movie Ultrasound imagery is a non-invasive and clinically theatre. One of the technologies that can eliminate safe procedure which makes possible the real-time this problem is the ‘Silent Sound’ technology. visualization of the tongue by using an ultrasound ‗Silent sound‘ technology is a technique that transducer. -
1 Introduction
1 INTRODUCTION Dave Bowman: Open the pod bay doors, HAL. HAL: I'm sorry Dave, I'm afraid I can't do that. Stanley Kubrick and Arthur C. Clarke, screenplay of 2001: A Space Odyssey The HAL 9000 computer in Stanley Kubrick’s film 2001: A Space Odyssey is one of the most recognizable characters in twentieth-century cinema. HAL is an artificial agent capable of such advanced language- processing behavior as speaking and understanding English, and at a crucial moment in the plot, even reading lips. It is now clear that HAL’s creator Arthur C. Clarke was a little optimistic in predicting when an artificial agent such as HAL would be available. But just how far off was he? What would it take to create at least the language-related parts of HAL? Minimally, such an agent would have to be capable of interacting with humans via language, which includes understanding humans via speech recognition and natural language understanding (and, of course, lip-reading), and of communicat- ing with humans via natural language generation and speech synthesis. HAL would also need to be able to do information retrieval (finding out where needed textual resources reside), information extraction (extracting pertinent facts from those textual resources), and inference (drawing con- clusions based on known facts). Although these problems are far from completely solved, much of the language-related technology that HAL needs is currently being developed, with some of it already available commercially. Solving these problems, and others like them, is the main concern of the fields known as Natural Language Processing, Computational Linguistics, and Speech Recognition and Synthesis, which together we call Speech and Language Processing. -
Flags and Footprints on Phobos and Deimos
Flags and Footprints on Phobos and Deimos By Daniel A. O’Neil Abstract Scanners on balloons and rovers digitize the Mars surface. Remote controlled rockets launch sample containers. A Robonaut 5 captures the containers. A flight engineer uploads the surface models to a virtual reality metaverse for the public. Robonaut 5 assists with excursions to Phobos and Deimos. Prologue Sept. 13, 2030 A Block-2 Space Launch System (SLS), with a capacity of 130 MT, launches a Solar Electric Propulsion (SEP) Mars Transfer Vehicle (MTV); the USS Minerva starts her 900 day voyage to Mars. Oct. 18, 2030 A Block-2 SLS launches a SEP MTV named Minerva’s Owl. Hauling a stage containing Liquid Oxygen (LOX) and methane tanks, Minerva’s Owl flies to Mars. July 28, 2032 A Block-2 SLS launches an Exploration Upper Stage (EUS) with LOX and methane tanks, a propulsion system, and a truss with robotic arms. Aug. 4, 2032 A Block-2 SLS launches an upper stage with liquid oxygen and methane tanks. An Orbital Maneuvering Vehicle (OMV) moves the stage into a position where the robotic arms on the EUS truss can pull the tank stage and lock the stage to the truss. Aug. 11, 2032 A Block-2 SLS launches another tank stage and an OMV moves the stage to a position where the EUS robotic arms attach the stage to the truss. Aug. 19, 2032 A Block-2 SLS launches a Bigelow Aerospace Olympus habitat. (BA 2100) Aug. 24, 2032 A Block-2 SLS launches an upper-stage with an Orion spacecraft, solar power system, and an OMV. -
Woida Rigel.Pdf
The Road to Mars A computer modeled analysis of the feasibility of using Large Deployable Reflectors to redirecting solar radiation to the Martian surface. By: Rigel Woida May 28 2007 [email protected] Abstract: An innovative idea for Mars colonization is the use of large aperture orbital reflectors to heat, localized areas of the Mars surface. Projections show that a network of two to three hundred, 150 meter diameter reflectors in monolith form or a series of small clustered groups would provide roughly the same irradiance as on earth to the Mars surface. The goal of this research is to begin to prove that it is possible to heat the surface of the planet. Both stray light analysis of the atmospheric light propagation and Finite Element Analysis (FEA) will be used to model the materials, radiating thermal transfer, general surface and environment effects that are the key to understand and proving this concept. This research will take a step by step approach to identify and solve the conceptual problems, and cover topics from basic radiometric math to FEA model optimization. 1 Fig. 1 Shows the surface lighting concept. 1. Background a) Origins of analysis and project The project is a joint effort between College of Optical Science (OSC) and NASA Institute for Advance Concepts (NIAC) to look for ideas and technologies that are 10 to 40 years into the future in application. This research is dominated in the idea that in 25 to 30 years a manned mission to Mars will be launched. Do to the adviser weather condition on Mars, it is going to be extremely difficult for the astronauts to function on the Martian surface. -
HAL 9000 Calmly Responds, “I’M Sorry, Dave
ALL EARS!! The Litchfield Fund Weekly Newsletter “We just don’t hear it on the street, we have our ears spread across all the fields!!!!!” “Open the pod bay doors, HAL!” To which HAL 9000 calmly responds, “I’m sorry, Dave. I’m afraid I can’t do that.” HAL 9000 (Heuristically Programed Algorithmic computer) is the antagonist of the Discovery One crew in the movie classic 2001: A Space Odyssey, Stanley Kubrick’s adaption of Arthur C. Clarke’s short story The Sentinel. The crew learns HAL is malfunctioning on a voyage to Jupiter & wants to shut HAL down. The very sentient HAL tries to prevent them by taking control of the ship. Dave does shut down a fearful & pleading HAL, who regresses to an early childlike state, singing the song Daisy Bell, “a bicycle built for two!” HAL 9000: The term super computer was coined in the first half of the 20th century & applied to many large-scale, incredibly fast tabulators built in those decades. In the late ‘50s, engineers left Sperry Corporation to form Control Data Corporation (CDC). Joining them was Seymour Cray, who began designing & developing a super computer. The CDC 6600, released in 1964, is considered the world’s first super computer. Mr. Cray left CDC & designed the preeminent super computer, the Cray computer series. Artificial Intelligence became a scientific discipline in the late 1950s. It is interesting how quickly these concepts came together in this 1968 space thriller from Messrs. Kubrick & Clarke depicting a sentient, perhaps evil, computer interacting with humans, all while fearing its own demise.