DOCSLIB.ORG

The Evolution of Ecomorphological Traits Within the Abrothrichini (Rodentia: Sigmodontinae): a Bayesian Phylogenetics Approach

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Evolution of Ecomorphological Traits Within the Abrothrichini (Rodentia: Sigmodontinae): a Bayesian Phylogenetics Approach Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 48 (2008) 473–480 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/ympev The evolution of ecomorphological traits within the Abrothrichini (Rodentia: Sigmodontinae): A bayesian phylogenetics approach Enrique Rodríguez-Serrano a,*, R. Eduardo Palma a, Cristián E. Hernández b a Laboratorio de Biología Evolutiva, Departamento de Ecología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, and Center for Advanced Studies in Ecology & Biodiversity, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Casilla 114-D, Santiago 6513677, Chile b Laboratorio de Diversidad Molecular y Filoinformática, Departamento de Zoología, Universidad de Concepción and Patagonian Ecosystems Research Center (CIEP), Casilla 160-C Concepción, Chile article info abstract Article history: The generally accepted hypothesis regarding the origin of fossorial mammals proposes adaptive conver- Received 4 September 2007 gence from open environments towards the use of subterranean environments. We evaluated this Revised 1 May 2008 hypothesis for South American mole-mice using conventional and Bayesian frameworks, with indepen- Accepted 8 May 2008 dent evidence. By using a molecular approach based on Cytochrome b and IRBP sequences, we evaluated Available online 14 May 2008 phylogenetic relationships, time of origin, the ancestral trait of fossoriality, and ancestral distributions of species belonging to the Andean Clade (Rodentia: Sigmodontinae). Our results indicate that the Andean Keywords: Clade is highly sustained; with one clade grouping all fossorial forms and another grouping all cursorial Andean Clade species. We hypothesized that fossoriality originated in the Miocene/Pliocene transition, in the Temper- Biogeography Fossorial ate Forests of southern South America. We conclude that the origin of fossorial ecomorphological traits Evolutionary ecology did not necessarily occur under a general model of open environments, the origin of these traits depends Molecular clock on the ecological-historical relationship of the taxon with the environment. Phylogenetic comparative method Ó 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Temperate forest 1. Introduction greatest diversity of species (n = 119) adapted to subterranean life (Nevo, 1979). The currently accepted hypothesis regarding the origin of fosso- Typical adaptations of fossorial rodents are the reduction of rial or semifossorial mammals proposes adaptive convergence eyes, ears, tail and fur (Prout, 1964; Reig et al., 1990; Yates and towards the use of subterranean environments (Nevo, 1979), due Moore, 1990). In addition there are also important modifications to the appearance of open environments (e.g., savannas, prairies, of the forelimbs, which allow for digging; these include modifica- steppes and deserts) during the Paleocene, and, particularly in tions in the bony process and in the size of the muscles of the ante- the Miocene (Webb, 1977). This is principally due to the phenom- rior extremities (Hildebrand, 1985, 1988). In addition, fossorial enon of desertification which occurred on the Earth during these rodents present physiological modifications of great adaptive epochs, as a consequence of the formation of mountains, extensive importance, such as a low basal metabolic rate (BMR), high ther- marine recessions and climatic changes (Webb, 1977). These open mal conductance and a wide range of thermoneutrality. These environments offered novel scenarios where the evolution of ter- modifications mainly promote water retention and the minimiza- restrial mammals gave rise to large cursorial and small fossorial tion of energy loss in the subterranean environment (McNab, taxa (Webb, 1977). According to Nevo (1979), the subterranean 1966, 1980). environment offered a more stable microclimate, food availability, The importance of open environments in generating fossoriality and, in particular, reduced predation risk as compared to open is supported for small mammals that inhabit the South American environments, resulting convergent evolution of unrelated mam- continent, with independent evidence emerging from two groups mals towards highly specialized fossorial trait. This process of fos- of Caviomorph rodents (Fernández et al., 2000; Galewski et al., sorialization has been observed in a few orders of mammals such 2005). However sigmodontine rodents present the greatest specific as those of Notoryctemorphia for Notoryctes; Eulipotyphla; Roden- diversity in South America, and are the second largest subfamily tia; and others sensu Nevo (1979), where Rodentia presents the within the mammals (Reig, 1986; Steppan et al., 2004). Recent studies on the phylogenetic relationships of sigmodontines (D’Elía, 2003; Smith and Patton, 1993, 1999) have established a new suprageneric group, known as the ‘‘Andean Clade” (also * Corresponding author. Fax: +56 02 354 2621. ‘‘Abrotrichini”), which includes 5 genera of rodents traditionally E-mail address: [email protected] (E. Rodríguez-Serrano). ascribed to the tribe Akodontini (Reig, 1987). These are: Abrothrix 1055-7903/$ - see front matter Ó 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2008.05.012 474 E. Rodríguez-Serrano et al. / Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 48 (2008) 473–480 Waterhouse 1837; Chelemys Thomas 1916; Geoxus Thomas 1919; Bank (Appendix A). We completed the sequence database with Notiomys Thomas 1890 and Pearsonomys Patterson, 1992. The An- samples of the ninth species (Chelemys megalonyx: Chile; Coquim- dean clade possesses three particularities which make it unique bo; Parque Nacional Fray Jorge Voucher NK109253, Colección de within the Sigmodontinae: i) a restricted geographic distribution, Flora y Fauna Profesor Patricio Sánchez Reyes, Departamento de with populations found only in the central—southern regions of Ecología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile), the Andes Mountain chain and adjacent lowlands (Reig, 1987; following the procedure outlined in the American Society of Smith and Patton, 1993); (ii) 4 of the 5 genera have adaptations Mammalogists Guidelines for the collection and handling of ani- for subterranean life, and are considered fossorial: Chelemys, Geo- mals (Animal Care and Use Committee, 1998). For C. megalonyx xus, Notiomys and possibly Pearsonomys (Mann, 1978; Pearson, we obtained genomic DNA using the ‘‘WizardÒ Genomic DNA Puri- 1984; Reig, 1986; Redford and Eisenberg, 1992); and (iii) of the fication Kit” (PROMEGAÒ, Madison, Wisconsin). The Cytochrome b 380 species in the subfamily, only 7 are fossorial, 5 of which belong was amplified following the protocol by Smith and Patton (1993), to the Andean Clade. whereas for the IRBP gene we followed the protocol by Jansa and Given that these fossorial genera are distributed almost exclu- Voss (2000). Cycle sequencing was performed using the Big Dye sively in the Valdivian rainforest and Patagonia (Pearson, 1984; Terminator kit (Perkin-Elmer, Norwalk, Connecticut) and an ABI Redford and Eisenberg, 1992; but see Ojeda et al., 2005), Smith Prism 310 automated sequencer (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, and Patton (1993) proposed that they derived from a Central An- California). dean radiation of sigmodontines, together with the tribes Akodon- tini and Phyllotini. Nevertheless, considering the hypothesis 2.2. Conventional phylogenetic analyses and molecular clock regarding the origin of the ecomorphological fossorial traits in calibration Rodentia, one would expect that these taxa originated in one of the novel open environments which appeared in South America The nucelotide sequences were aligned using the Clustal X pro- (e.g., Patagonia, Cerrado and Caatinga, Intermediate Desert: see gram (Thompson et al., 1997) with alignment parameters set at the Cabrera and Willink, 1973) or in equivalent types of environments default values. The phylogenetic analyses were performed under during the Miocene/Pliocene transition. This transition corre- the criterion of Maximum Likelihood (ML) using PAUP* version sponds to the beginning of the radiation of Sigmodontinae, and la- 4.0b10 software (Swofford, 2002). The parameters of the best mod- ter biogeographic events have been suggested to have confined the el utilized for the ML analysis were obtained using Modeltest 3.7 Andean Clade to southern South America (Steppan et al., 2004). To software (Posada and Crandall, 1998). The Akaike Information Cri- test this hypothesis we used complementary approaches: molecu- terion (AIC; Akaike, 1974) indicated that the optimal model was lar phylogenetics and the phylogenetic comparative method (Har- General Time Reversion + Invariable Sites + Gamma model vey and Pagel, 1991; Pagel, 1997). Using this multiple approach we (GTR + I + C; Rodríguez et al., 1990; ÀlnL = 7891.0093, evaluated the time, mode and the conditions of the ecogeographic AIC = 15802.0186). The proportion of invariable sites (I) was region in which the fossorial traits of the species belonging to the 0.6002 and the Gamma distribution shape parameter (C) was ‘‘Andean Clade” originated. 0.9030. The best tree was obtained using an exhaustive search, and the confidence values of the clades were evaluated by performing 1000 2. Materials and methods bootstrap replicates with an exhaustive search in each replicate. We rooted the tree using the following outgroups: Wiedomys pyr- 2.1. Specimens and DNA sequences rhorhinos (Wiedomyini), Phyllotis xanthopygus (Phyllotini), Akodon azarae and Necromys temchuki (Akodontini) (Appendix A) since
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Chelemys Megalonyx (Waterhouse, 1844) NOMBRE COMÚN: Rata Topo Del Matorral, Shrub Mole-Rat, Large Long-Clawed Mouse
    FICHA DE ANTECEDENTES DE ESPECIE Id especie: NOMBRE CIENTÍFICO: Chelemys megalonyx (Waterhouse, 1844) NOMBRE COMÚN: rata topo del matorral, shrub mole-rat, large long-clawed mouse Fotografía de Chelemys megalonyx (Yamil Houssein http://www.jacobita.cl/) Reino: Animalia Orden: Rodentia Phyllum/División: Chordata Familia: Cricetidae Clase: Mammalia Género: Chelemys Sinonimia: Hesperomys megalonyx (Waterhouse, 1844), Oxymicterus scalops Gay, 1847, Oxymicterus niger Philippi, 1872, Notiomys megalonix (Waterhouse, 1844). Mann (1978) Tamayo & Frassinetti (1980). Nota Taxonómica: Esta especie incluye dos subespecies Chelemys megalonyx megalonyx (Waterhouse, 1844) y Chelemys megalonyx microtis (Philippi, 1900). Esta especie pertenece a un género en que la extensión de su diversidad específica es poco clara. Actualmente se considera que Chelemys incluye tres especies, para las que existen numerosas formas nominales (e.g., alleni , vestitus ) cuyos estatus no están adecuadamente evaluados. ANTECEDENTES GENERALES Aspectos Morfológicos Ratón de cuerpo regordete, con cola corta y hocico alargado y garras grandes. De coloración gris pardusca a marrón oscura, con el vientre blanco o gris claro. Mide 170-190 mm de largo total (de aspecto similar a Geoxus valdivianus pero de mayor tamaño). Cavícola. Mann (1978) Tamayo & Frassinetti (1980), Muñoz-Pedreros (2000), Ojeda et al 2005, Musser & Carleton (2005). Aspectos Reproductivos y Conductuales Sin información Alimentación (s ólo fauna) Sin información INTERACCIONE S RELEVANTES CON OTRAS ESPECIES Sin información Página 1 de 5 martes, 01 de diciembre de 2015 DISTRIBUCIÓN GEOGRÁFICA En Chile Chelemys megalonyx megalonyx desde la provincia de Elqui, en la región de Coquimbo a la región de Valparaíso. Chelemys megalonyx microtis desde el sur de la provincia de Valparaíso en región de Valparaíso hasta la provincia de Cautín en la región de La Araucanía.
    [Show full text]
  • A Matter of Weight: Critical Comments on the Basic Data Analysed by Maestri Et Al
    DOI: 10.1111/jbi.13098 CORRESPONDENCE A matter of weight: Critical comments on the basic data analysed by Maestri et al. (2016) in Journal of Biogeography, 43, 1192–1202 Abstract Maestri, Luza, et al. (2016), although we believe that an exploration Recently, Maestri, Luza, et al. (2016) assessed the effect of ecology of the quality of the original data informs both. Ultimately, we sub- and phylogeny on body size variation in communities of South mit that the matrix of body size and the phylogeny used by these American Sigmodontinae rodents. Regrettably, a cursory analysis of authors were plagued with major inaccuracies. the data and the phylogeny used to address this question indicates The matrix of body sizes used by Maestri, Luza, et al. (2016, p. that both are plagued with inaccuracies. We urge “big data” users to 1194) was obtained from two secondary or tertiary sources: give due diligence at compiling data in order to avoid developing Rodrıguez, Olalla-Tarraga, and Hawkins (2008) and Bonvicino, Oli- hypotheses based on insufficient or misleading basic information. veira, and D’Andrea (2008). The former study derived cricetid mass data from Smith et al. (2003), an ambitious project focused on the compilation of “body mass information for all mammals on Earth” We are living a great time in evolutionary biology, where the combi- where the basic data were derived from “primary and secondary lit- nation of the increased power of systematics, coupled with the use erature ... Whenever possible, we used an average of male and of ever more inclusive datasets allows—heretofore impossible— female body mass, which was in turn averaged over multiple locali- questions in ecology and evolution to be addressed.
    [Show full text]
  • Check List 4(1): 33–36, 2008
    Check List 4(1): 33–36, 2008. ISSN: 1809-127X NOTES ON GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION Mammalia, Rodentia, Cricetidae, Notiomys edwardsii (Thomas, 1890): Distribution extension and geographic distribution map. 1 Analia Andrade 1 Centro Nacional Patagónico (CENPAT-CONICET), Boulevard Brown 2825. (9120) Puerto Madryn, Chubut, Argentina. E-mail: [email protected] Notiomys edwardsii is a small rodent species, Galliari 1998), only seven other specimens have endemic from Argentine Patagonian steppes; its been registered in literature in six localities from geographic distribution, taxonomy and natural the provinces of Río Negro, Chubut, and Santa history is still poorly known. Lives a somewhat Cruz (Pearson 1984; Pardiñas and Galliari 1998; fossorial existence among shrubs and bunch- Martin and Archangelsky 2004). Six other records grasses eating insects from them (Pearson 1995). in Patagonia (Pardiñas and Galliari 1998; Teta and In the 100 years since the type of N. edwardsii Andrade 2002; Teta et al. 2002; Jayat et al. 2006) was captured in southern province of Santa Cruz, belong to cranial and jaws remains recovered near Puerto Santa Cruz locality (see Pardiñas and from owl pellets aggregations (Figure 1). Figure 1. Geographic distribution of Notiomys edwardsii in Patagonia, Argentina. Left: localities reported in literature; star, type locality of Notiomys edwardsii; circles, animal capture localities; crosses, owl pellets aggregations. Right: Somuncurá plateau; circles represent new localities for Notiomys edwardsii reported here; numbers are detailed in text; triangle is the Corona volcano, the highest elevation of the plateau. 33 Check List 4(1): 33–36, 2008. ISSN: 1809-127X NOTES ON GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION Notiomys edwardsii is a short-tailed mouse with Puntudo (41°18'17" S, 66°54'22" W), 13-Laguna long front claws.
    [Show full text]
  • Abrothrix Lanosus (Thomas, 1897): Topotype, Distribution, and New Istributio
    ISSN 1809-127X (online edition) © 2010 Check List and Authors Chec List Open Access | Freely available at www.checklist.org.br Journal of species lists and distribution N Mammalia, Rodentia, Sigmodontinae, Abrothrix lanosus (Thomas, 1897): Topotype, distribution, and new ISTRIBUTIO D locality records for Chile RAPHIC G Jonathan A. Guzmán Sandoval EO G N Universidad de Concepción, Campus Los Ángeles, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas. Casilla 341. Los Ángeles, Chile. O E-mail: [email protected] OTES N Abstract: Abrothrix lanosus, distributed throughout southern South America, is one of the least known Patagonian sigmodontine rodents. So far, neither a topotype from the type locality, the Madre de Dios Archipelago (Chile), neither specimens from adjacent areas have been collected. In this contribution, seven new recording localities and a topotype are 75°27’given. The W) distributionmeasurements limits of gross in Chile morphological for the species. features, including the cranium of the first topotype collected and other seven individuals are reported. Moreover, the findings establish new northern (48°11’ S, 74°25’ W) and western (49°25’ S, Among the Abrotrichini D’Elía et al., 2007, Abrothrix et al. 2009), a locality from which no more collections Waterhouse, 1837 with nine species, is the most diverse have been made. The present paper aims to contribute to genus. Its wide distribution ranges from Peru to Tierra del the discussion of the species distribution on the basis of Fuego (Musser and Carleton 2005). One of the smallest new collections, made in continental and insular Chilean species of the genus, A. lanosus (Thomas, 1897; Figure 1) Patagonia.
    [Show full text]
  • Redalyc.ESTRUCTURA DE LA DIETA DE ROEDORES
    Mastozoología Neotropical ISSN: 0327-9383 [email protected] Sociedad Argentina para el Estudio de los Mamíferos Argentina Polop, Francisco; Sepúlveda, Lorena; Pelliza Sbriller, Alicia; Polop, Jaime; Provensal, M. Cecilia ESTRUCTURA DE LA DIETA DE ROEDORES SIGMODONTINOS EN ARBUSTALES DEL ECOTONO BOSQUE-ESTEPA DEL SUROESTE DE ARGENTINA Mastozoología Neotropical, vol. 22, núm. 1, 2015, pp. 85-95 Sociedad Argentina para el Estudio de los Mamíferos Tucumán, Argentina Disponible en: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=45739766009 Cómo citar el artículo Número completo Sistema de Información Científica Más información del artículo Red de Revistas Científicas de América Latina, el Caribe, España y Portugal Página de la revista en redalyc.org Proyecto académico sin fines de lucro, desarrollado bajo la iniciativa de acceso abierto Mastozoología Neotropical, 22(1):85-95, Mendoza, 2015 Copyright ©SAREM, 2015 Versión impresa ISSN 0327-9383 http://www.sarem.org.ar Versión on-line ISSN 1666-0536 Artículo ESTRUCTURA DE LA DIETA DE ROEDORES SIGMODONTINOS EN ARBUSTALES DEL ECOTONO BOSQUE-ESTEPA DEL SUROESTE DE ARGENTINA Francisco Polop1, Lorena Sepúlveda2, Alicia Pelliza Sbriller2, Jaime Polop1 y M. Cecilia Provensal1 1 Departamento de Ciencias Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Agencia Postal Nº 3, 5800 Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina. [Correspondencia: M. Cecilia Provensal <[email protected]>]. 2 Laboratorio Microhistología, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria de Bariloche. S. C. de Bariloche. Río Negro. Argentina. RESUMEN. El objetivo de este estudio es conocer la dieta de especies de roedores que coexisten en arbustales del ecotono bosque-estepa de la Patagonia Argentina.
    [Show full text]
  • Sistemática Molecular De La Tribu Abrotrichini (Rodentia: Cricetidae)
    Universidad de la República Facultad de Ciencias Sistemática molecular de la tribu Abrotrichini (Rodentia: Cricetidae) Informe de Pasantía Licenciatura en Ciencias Biológicas Profundización en Genética y Evolución Autor: Daiana Mir Orientador: Dr. Enrique P. Lessa Noviembre, 2010 Agradecimientos A Enrique P. Lessa por darme la oportunidad de realizar ésta pasantía y sobretodo porque no importando sus coordenadas geográficas, sus respuestas a mis dudas evolutivas siempre llegaron de una manera sorprendentemente rápida y amena. A mis compañeros del laboratorio,Carolina Abud la cual me brindó su ayuda desde mi primer día de laboratorio hasta hoy, Alejandro “Passer” D’Anatro muchas veces un amparo vespertino,Sabrina Riverón mas que nada por su amistad, Cecilia Da Silva por sus valiosos aportes y su elegancia de persona, Ivanna H. Tommasco (un referente) por sus imprescindibles correcciones a éste informe y su alegría contagiosa y muy especialmente a Matias Feijoo, por su aporte diario a éste trabajo, por su estímulo y fuente de confianza, por ser brújula y pilar...no hay palabras Mati, gracias. A mis amigos, por su aliento y amistad. En particular a Laura, por sus aportes a éste trabajo, pero mas que nada porque siempre me tuvo fe. A mi familia, por su eterno apoyo, paciencia y respaldo a mi carrera y a mi vida. En especial a mi madre, que me legó la pasión por el estudio y una fuerza movilizadora de montañas y miedos, sin la cual nunca hubiera llegado a ésta meta. Hay gente que estuvo durante todo el proceso, y hay otra que estuvo en etapas concretas del mismo.
    [Show full text]
  • How Many Species of Mammals Are There?
    Journal of Mammalogy, 99(1):1–14, 2018 DOI:10.1093/jmammal/gyx147 INVITED PAPER How many species of mammals are there? CONNOR J. BURGIN,1 JOCELYN P. COLELLA,1 PHILIP L. KAHN, AND NATHAN S. UPHAM* Department of Biological Sciences, Boise State University, 1910 University Drive, Boise, ID 83725, USA (CJB) Department of Biology and Museum of Southwestern Biology, University of New Mexico, MSC03-2020, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA (JPC) Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA (PLK) Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA (NSU) Integrative Research Center, Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, IL 60605, USA (NSU) 1Co-first authors. * Correspondent: [email protected] Accurate taxonomy is central to the study of biological diversity, as it provides the needed evolutionary framework for taxon sampling and interpreting results. While the number of recognized species in the class Mammalia has increased through time, tabulation of those increases has relied on the sporadic release of revisionary compendia like the Mammal Species of the World (MSW) series. Here, we present the Mammal Diversity Database (MDD), a digital, publically accessible, and updateable list of all mammalian species, now available online: https://mammaldiversity.org. The MDD will continue to be updated as manuscripts describing new species and higher taxonomic changes are released. Starting from the baseline of the 3rd edition of MSW (MSW3), we performed a review of taxonomic changes published since 2004 and digitally linked species names to their original descriptions and subsequent revisionary articles in an interactive, hierarchical database. We found 6,495 species of currently recognized mammals (96 recently extinct, 6,399 extant), compared to 5,416 in MSW3 (75 extinct, 5,341 extant)—an increase of 1,079 species in about 13 years, including 11 species newly described as having gone extinct in the last 500 years.
    [Show full text]
  • Structure 0.4.Docx
    PONTIFICIA UNIVERSIDAD CATÓLICA DE CHILE Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Biológicas Mención en Ecología TESIS DOCTORAL TEMPO Y MODO DE LA RADIACIÓN DE ROEDORES NEOTROPICALES SIGMODONTINOS. Por ANDRÉS PARADA RODRIGUEZ Octubre, 2013 1 PONTIFICIA UNIVERSIDAD CATÓLICA DE CHILE Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Biológicas Mención en Ecología TEMPO Y MODO DE LA RADIACIÓN DE ROEDORES NEOTROPICALES SIGMODONTINOS. Tesis entregada a la Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile en cumplimiento parcial de los requisitos para optar al Grado de Doctor en Ciencias con mención en Ecología Por ANDRÉS PARADA RODRIGUEZ Director de tesis Dr. R. Eduardo Palma Co-Director Dr. Guillermo D’Elía Octubre, 2013 2 3 AGRADECIMIENTOS En primer lugar quisiera agradecer a las fuentes de financiamiento que han hecho posible mi estadía en Chile y el desarrollo de la presente tesis. A la Vicerrectoría de Investigación (VRI) de la PUC por su beca de ayudante y de término de Tesis y a CONICYT por su beca para estudios de doctorado para estudiantes Latinoamericanos. Al CASEB y PUC por su asistencia en viajes a congresos. A mi tutor Eduardo Palma por recibirme en su laboratorio, apoyarme y asistirme a lo largo de la tesis. Por haberme brindado una muy apreciada libertad a la hora de trabajar mí más sincero agradecimiento. Al co-tutor Guillermo D’Elía por ayudarme y brindar consejo cuando ha sido necesario. A los miembros del tribunal de tesis que ayudaron a consolidar la tesis. A todos los integrantes del laboratorio de Biología Evolutiva. Venir de afuera no es fácil así que les agradezco en orden meramente cronológico a todos los que me dieron un techo: a Ariel & Daniel, Mili & Estela y Paula.
    [Show full text]
  • Taxonomic Revision of the Flea Genus Agastopsylla Jordan & Rothschild
    An Acad Bras Cienc (2020) 92(1): e20181136 DOI 10.1590/0001-3765202020181136 Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências | Annals of the Brazilian Academy of Sciences Printed ISSN 0001-3765 I Online ISSN 1678-2690 www.scielo.br/aabc | www.fb.com/aabcjournal BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES Taxonomic revision of the flea genus Running title: The genus Agastopsylla Jordan & Rothschild 1923 Agastopsylla (Siphonaptera: Ctenophthalmidae) Academy Section: Biological sciences MARIA FERNANDA LÓPEZ-BERRIZBEITIA, JULIANA SANCHEZ, RUBÉN M. BARQUEZ & MÓNICA DÍAZ e20181136 Abstract: Fleas of Argentina are receiving renewed systematic interest, but the identification of many species associated with small mammals can be problematic. We review the taxonomy of the flea genus Agastopsylla including the re-description of two 92 (1) species and one subspecies, and designate neotype and neallotype for Agastopsylla 92(1) hirsutior, neotype for Agastopsylla nylota nylota from the “Colección Mamíferos Lillo Anexos” (CMLA), Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Argentina, and neotype and neallotype for Agastopsylla pearsoni from the Natural History Museum (London, U.K.). Additionally, a key to identification of the species of Agastopsylla and a distribution map of the species of the genus are included. Key words: fleas, systematic, type specimens, rodents, key identification. INTRODUCTION Agastopsylla guzmani Beaucournu et al. 2011 (Beaucournu et al. 2014, Lareschi et al. 2016). In The genus Agastopsylla Jordan & Rothschild Argentina, only two species and two subspecies, 1923 (family Ctenophthalmidae, subfamily A. b. boxi, A. b. gibbosa and A. pearsoni (Lareschi Ctenophthalminae) is characterized by the et al. 2016) have been recorded. reduction in size and the coloration of the spines There are several issues that hinder the of the genal comb (Hopkins & Rothschild 1966).
    [Show full text]
  • List of 28 Orders, 129 Families, 598 Genera and 1121 Species in Mammal Images Library 31 December 2013
    What the American Society of Mammalogists has in the images library LIST OF 28 ORDERS, 129 FAMILIES, 598 GENERA AND 1121 SPECIES IN MAMMAL IMAGES LIBRARY 31 DECEMBER 2013 AFROSORICIDA (5 genera, 5 species) – golden moles and tenrecs CHRYSOCHLORIDAE - golden moles Chrysospalax villosus - Rough-haired Golden Mole TENRECIDAE - tenrecs 1. Echinops telfairi - Lesser Hedgehog Tenrec 2. Hemicentetes semispinosus – Lowland Streaked Tenrec 3. Microgale dobsoni - Dobson’s Shrew Tenrec 4. Tenrec ecaudatus – Tailless Tenrec ARTIODACTYLA (83 genera, 142 species) – paraxonic (mostly even-toed) ungulates ANTILOCAPRIDAE - pronghorns Antilocapra americana - Pronghorn BOVIDAE (46 genera) - cattle, sheep, goats, and antelopes 1. Addax nasomaculatus - Addax 2. Aepyceros melampus - Impala 3. Alcelaphus buselaphus - Hartebeest 4. Alcelaphus caama – Red Hartebeest 5. Ammotragus lervia - Barbary Sheep 6. Antidorcas marsupialis - Springbok 7. Antilope cervicapra – Blackbuck 8. Beatragus hunter – Hunter’s Hartebeest 9. Bison bison - American Bison 10. Bison bonasus - European Bison 11. Bos frontalis - Gaur 12. Bos javanicus - Banteng 13. Bos taurus -Auroch 14. Boselaphus tragocamelus - Nilgai 15. Bubalus bubalis - Water Buffalo 16. Bubalus depressicornis - Anoa 17. Bubalus quarlesi - Mountain Anoa 18. Budorcas taxicolor - Takin 19. Capra caucasica - Tur 20. Capra falconeri - Markhor 21. Capra hircus - Goat 22. Capra nubiana – Nubian Ibex 23. Capra pyrenaica – Spanish Ibex 24. Capricornis crispus – Japanese Serow 25. Cephalophus jentinki - Jentink's Duiker 26. Cephalophus natalensis – Red Duiker 1 What the American Society of Mammalogists has in the images library 27. Cephalophus niger – Black Duiker 28. Cephalophus rufilatus – Red-flanked Duiker 29. Cephalophus silvicultor - Yellow-backed Duiker 30. Cephalophus zebra - Zebra Duiker 31. Connochaetes gnou - Black Wildebeest 32. Connochaetes taurinus - Blue Wildebeest 33. Damaliscus korrigum – Topi 34.
    [Show full text]
  • Diversidad Y Endemismo De Los Mamíferos Del Perú
    Rev. peru. biol. 16(1): 005- 032 (Agosto 2009) © Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas UNMSM DiversidadVersión de los Online mamíferos ISSN 1727-9933 del Perú Diversidad y endemismo de los mamíferos del Perú Diversity and endemism of Peruvian mammals Víctor Pacheco1, 2, Richard Cadenillas1, Edith Salas1, Carlos Tello1 y Horacio Zeballos3 1 Museo de Historia Natural, Uni- versidad Nacional Mayor de San Resumen Marcos, Apartado 14-0434, Lima- 14, Perú. Email Víctor Pacheco: Se presenta una lista comentada de los mamíferos terrestres, acuáticos y marinos nativos de Perú, incluy- [email protected] endo sus nombres comunes, la distribución por ecorregiones y los estados de amenaza según la legislación 2 Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, nacional vigente y algunos organismos internacionales. Se documenta 508 especies nativas, en 13 órdenes, Universidad Nacional Mayor de 50 familias y 218 géneros; resultando el Perú como el tercer país con la mayor diversidad de especies en el San Marcos. Nuevo Mundo después de Brasil y México, así como quinto en el mundo. Esta diversidad incluye a 40 didelfi- 3 Centro de Estudios y Promoción del Desarrollo, DESCO, Málaga morfos, 2 paucituberculados, 1 sirenio, 6 cingulados, 7 pilosos, 39 primates, 162 roedores, 1 lagomorfo, 2 Grenet 678, Umacollo, Arequipa. soricomorfos, 165 quirópteros, 34 carnívoros, 2 perisodáctilos y 47 cetartiodáctilos. Los roedores y murciélagos (327 especies) representan casi las dos terceras partes de la diversidad (64%). Cinco géneros y 65 especies (12,8%) son endémicos para Perú, siendo la mayoría de ellos roedores (45 especies, 69,2%). La mayoría de especies endémicas se encuentra restringida a las Yungas de la vertiente oriental de los Andes (39 especies, 60%) seguida de lejos por la Selva Baja (14 especies, 21,5%).
    [Show full text]
  • Plan De Manejo De Conservación Parque Bosque Pehuén Alto Palguin – Pucón – Región De La Araucania
    PLAN DE MANEJO DE CONSERVACIÓN PARQUE BOSQUE PEHUÉN ALTO PALGUIN – PUCÓN – REGIÓN DE LA ARAUCANIA Elaborado para Diciembre de 2011 1 PLAN DE MANEJO DE CONSERVACIÓN PARQUE BOSQUE PEHUEN Contenido 1. INTRODUCCIÓN. ................................................................................................................ 3 2. ANTECEDENTES GENERALES. .............................................................................................. 4 3. METODOLOGÍA. ................................................................................................................. 4 4. CARACTERIZACIÓN GENERAL DEL PARQUE BOSQUE PEHUÉN. ............................................. 5 4.1. ELEMENTOS AMBIENTALES. ............................................................................................. 6 4.1.1. GEOLOGÍA Y GEOMORFOLOGÍA...................................................................................................... 6 4.1.2. HIDROGRAFÍA. ........................................................................................................................... 9 4.1.3. SUELOS ................................................................................................................................... 11 4.1.4. VEGETACIÓN. ........................................................................................................................... 18 4.1.5. FLORA. .................................................................................................................................... 29 4.1.6. FAUNA. ..................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]