DOCSLIB.ORG

The Role of the Transport Sector in Ethiopia's

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Role of the Transport Sector in Ethiopia's Economic Focus The Role of the Transport Sector in Ethiopia’s Economic Development L±n a^×Ñì@KS THE ROLE OF THE TRANSPORT SECTOR IN ETHIOPIA’S ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT * Temesgen Aklilu** Translated by Yonas Admassu I. Introduction pedestrians, animal- or human-drawn regular surface railway, metro or sub- or driven carts, wheel barrows, way, monorail, guided bus, trolley bus, This paper has been prepared at the bicycles and tricycles, draught animals etc. The rail transport system is solicitation of the Ethiopian Economic (horses, donkeys, camels, mules, classified as Light Rail Transit (LRT) Association, and it aims at exploring the elephants, etc.) and other hand drawn and Heavy Rail Transit (HRT). performance of Ethiopia's transport vehicles. sector. The paper has five main The other transportation mode, fairly chapters. The first chapter introduces The motorized vehicles are divided recent in appearance and modern in its the paper. The second chapter focuses into freight transport and human constitution, is air transport. The on the general concept of transport vehicles. Freight transport appearance on the scene of air transportation. Chapters three and four vehicles include pickups and trucks, or transport is historically linked to the describe the development of our lories, with a load capacity of up to use of balloons for navigational country's modern transportation 500 quintals. Human transport purposes. But the basis for the system and the objective conditions includes the whole range of vehicles development of the world's fastest characterizing the sector. The last beginning with bicycles and small cars transportation system is the series of chapter constitutes the visions the and extending all the way up to cross- experiments undertaken by the Wright author has regarding the future country buses and urban buses. Brothers. Like the other transport development of the country's transport modes described above, air transport is sector. Water transport is divided into local divided into domestic and and international (marine) transport international, on the one hand, and II. The Transport Sector: modes. Local transport mode includes human and freight transportation on Some Concepts river, lake, and canal transportation as the other. Presently the world uses well transportation on huge dams. airplanes ranging from the smallest, 2.1 Classification of Transport Marine transport includes both cargo accommodating only one person (the Modes and human transport across seas or pilot), to the largest, accommodating oceans between the ports of the 350 people and traversing long Five transport modes have been different countries. distances across lands and oceans to witnessed so far in the history of connect the different parts of the humanity's technological develop- Rail transport, which started about the globe. ment: namely, road transport, water time of the Industrial Revolution after transport, rail transport, air transport, the 1810s and 1820s, has been serving Finally, the other transport mode is and continuous flow system. the world for nearly 200 years. There are what is known as continuous flow many types of rail transportation. The first system, under which are subsumed Road transport consists of several phase featured a kind of train drawn by water or petroleum pipe, belt types or modes, which are divided into horses, followed by steam-powered train, conveyor, and slurry pipe, which is two main sub-categories: motorized followed by the street car. Next came the specially used in mines to transport and non-motorized. Under the non- different types of rail transport modes: the soil and minerals mixed with water. motorized category are included ____________________________________ * A talk prepared for the Vision 2020 Ethiopia Forum held on August 11, 2006 at Hilton Hotel. ** Ato Temesgen Aklilu obtained his BA degree in Economics from Asmara University in 1987 and MA degree in Regional Development from the Addis Ababa University in 2001. He worked in various institutions such as Addis Ababa Transport and Communication Bureau as department head of Transport system. Currently, Ato Temesgen is a lecturer in Civil Service College. Vol. 9 No. 4 17 Ethiopian Economic Association Economic Focus The Role of the Transport Sector in Ethiopia’s Economic Development L±n a^×Ñì@KS 2.2 The Contribution of In terms of creating job opportunities, while rail transport has a share of 50 Transportation to Socio- the share of the transportation sector in and 65 per cent, respectively, of Economic Development the developing countries is only 2-4% commuters and cargo. due to the low-level performance of Among the modes of transportation the economy, while in the developed When we sum it all up, other than the that played a big role in the history of countries, the figure stands at 4-8%. roles pointed out above, transportation humankind, road and water transport And the job creating role of the sector plays other important roles as well: it figure prominent [are in the forefront]. does not include the labor force helps countries in maintaining a Although the expansion of the deployed in the building of balance in the export market and transport sector is of tremendous infrastructure. generating foreign currency; it serves economic, social and political benefit, as a source of income generation both there are nevertheless some negative When the living condition of a for governments and the public; highly aspects to it. The fact that its energy country's population improves, the contributes to the maintaining of a consumption is high (16-35%), that it population's transport demand country's peace, political well being is foremost among the factors that increases accordingly. While the per and stability; plays the role of linking contribute to environmental pollution, capita transport demand in the rural areas and rural products to urban that it has been classified among the developing countries covers a travel centers; helps in increasing and world's killer diseases with regard to distance ranging between 500 and 200 interconnecting market outlets; it helps traffic accidents, and that it has Km, that of the developed countries shorten travel time; has the capacity to become a source of anxiety in terms of lies between 7000 and 10,000 Km. transport huge numbers of people and congestion constitute the negative side But, Americans are known to travel big volumes of cargo; makes big of the transport sector. between 17,000 and 20,000 Km contribution to the development of annually. Next to America are, in the tourism, entertainment, sports and The contribution of transportation to a order of their appearance, Norway, peaceful relationship among people. In country's development is high. Its Holland, New Zealand, France and short, the world has become one share of contribution to the GDP of a England. global village through the use of country is incontrovertible, though the transportation and communication. nature and extent of the contribution The most salient feature observed in The five continents, which are home to varies from country to country. (See the transport sector in relation to the human race, are now able to Table 1 in the Amharic version) growth in income is the increase in the communicate among themselves in a motorization of the public. When we matter just of minutes and hours. Transportation plays a big role in what translate this in terms of ranking, we is known in both national and find that, in the 1980s, the car-people III. A Brief History of the international trade as invisible trade. It ratio was 550-600 to every 1000 Development of Modern has been confirmed that its share in people. In this respect, the United Transportation in States of America is in the lead, this respect in many developed Ethiopia countries is as high as 26%. followed by France, Australia, Austria and England, respectively. The same 3.1 From Menelik to the End of the Dergue Period The role of transportation in the feature manifests itself in urban investment sector varies between the centers as well. When people's income When we speak of modern developed and the developing increase in urban centers, the tendency transportation in the Ethiopian context, countries. Because a good part of towards owning cars grows at the the reign of Emperor Menelik holds a infrastructure development has been expense of using public transportation. cardinal place. According to some taken care of in the developed writers, the idea of road construction countries, most of the investment there To look at but one example, in the started with the reign of Emperor focuses on automotive equipment, United States the share of Tewodros, when he used manual labor whereas the investment in the transportation in commuting stands at for clearing land for a pathway across developing countries focuses on 92%, that for cargo has a share only of which to haul his canon, the infrastructure development. Of the 25%. In the case of rail transport, the Sebastopol, to Mekdela. Since, total investment expenditure of share of commuters is a mere 1%, however, the purpose of the roadway developing countries, 30-35% goes to while cargo transportation has a had nothing to do with serving the infrastructure development, whereas in whopping 43%. In India, to take public, let us limit our observation to the developed countries the share of another example, road transport has a the fact alone and pass on to the reign expenditure for same is only 15-20%. share of 48 and 35 per cent, respectively, of cargo and commuters, of Menelik. Vol. 9 No. 4 18 Ethiopian Economic Association Economic Focus The Role of the Transport Sector in Ethiopia’s Economic Development L±n a^×Ñì@KS Using his close relationship with the Although, according to historical better services and attract passengers government of Austria, Emperor records, the first motor vehicle and clients flourished.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Hydrological Extremes and Their Association with ENSO Phases in Ethiopia
    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/681528; this version posted June 24, 2019. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY 4.0 International license. Hydrological Extremes and their Association with ENSO Phases in Ethiopia Abu Tolcha Gari Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research Corresponding author: Email: [email protected]; Tel: +251-9-1281-2790, Fax: +251-022-331-1508 bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/681528; this version posted June 24, 2019. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY 4.0 International license. Abstract Ethiopia is a rain fed agriculture country, which is subjected to high climate variability in space and time, leading to hydrological extremes causing loss of life and property more frequently. Droughts are more common and sometime floods are experienced in various parts of the country. Being a tropical country, the inter-annual climate variability in Ethiopia is dominated by ENSO (ElNino and Southern Oscillation). In this study, an attempt has been made to determine the occurrence of droughts and floods on monthly basis, by calculating the monthly SPI (Standardized Precipitation Index) using the available rainfall data during (1975-2005) at selected 26 stations that spread across the country. Based on the monthly SPI values computed, the droughts and floods of different intensities; extreme, severe and dry have been determined for all stations.
    [Show full text]
  • Anthelmintic Efficacy of Strongyle Nematodes to Ivermectin and Fenbendazole on Working Donkeys (Equus Asinus) in and Around Hosaena Town, Southern Ethiopia
    Hindawi Veterinary Medicine International Volume 2020, Article ID 4868797, 7 pages https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/4868797 Research Article Anthelmintic Efficacy of Strongyle Nematodes to Ivermectin and Fenbendazole on Working Donkeys (Equus asinus) in and around Hosaena Town, Southern Ethiopia Haben Fesseha ,1 Mesfin Mathewos,2 and Friat Kidanemariam3 1Wolaita Sodo University, School of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Surgery and Diagnostic Imaging, P.O. Box 138, Wolaita Sodo, Ethiopia 2Wolaita Sodo University, School of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Pathology, P.O. Box 138, Wolaita Sodo, Ethiopia 3Mekelle University College of Veterinary Science, Department of Tropical Veterinary Medicine, P.O. Box 2084, Mekelle, Ethiopia Correspondence should be addressed to Haben Fesseha; [email protected] Received 27 January 2020; Revised 13 August 2020; Accepted 15 September 2020; Published 24 September 2020 Academic Editor: Carlos Gonz lez Rey Copyright © 2020 Haben Fesseha et al. )is is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Background. Gastrointestinal helminth parasite infection is a major influencing factor against profitability of working equines all over the world. Objectives. A study was conducted from October 2016 to May 2017 in and around Hosaena to determine the efficacy of benzimidazole (BZ) and avermectin (AVM) chemical groups against strongyle nematodes in working donkeys. Methods. A total of 230 donkeys from Hosaena, Soro, Anlemo, and Gombora were randomly allocated into 5 groups of 46 donkeys in each group. All groups, except group 1 (control), were treated with ivermectin 1%, ivertong 10%, fenbendazole, and Fenacure 750 mg, respectively.
    [Show full text]
  • Prevalence and Economic Significance of Hydatidosis on Cattle Slaughtered at Nekemte Municipal Abattoir, Western Ethiopia
    ISSN 2475-1286 VETERINARY MEDICINE Open Journal Original Research Prevalence and Economic Significance of Hydatidosis on Cattle Slaughtered at Nekemte Municipal Abattoir, Western Ethiopia Tuge Temesgen, DVM* Wolaita Sodo University, School Of Veterinary Medicine, SNNP Region, Ethiopia *Corresponding author Tuge Temesgen, DVM Wolaita Sodo University, School of Veterinary Medicine, SNNP Region, Ethiopia; E-mail: [email protected] Article information Received: September 18th, 2020; Revised: October 1st, 2020; Accepted: October 27th, 2020; Published: November 18th, 2020 Cite this article Temesgen T. Prevalence and economic significance of hydatidosis on cattle slaughtered at Nekemte municipal abattoir, Western Ethiopia.Vet Med Open J. 2020; 5(3): 57-63. doi: 10.17140/VMOJ-5-150 ABSTRACT Aim The study was conducted to determine the prevalence of hydatidosis, to identify the association between expected risk factors and occurrence of the disease, to investigate economic importance and to evaluate fertility and viability of the hydatid cyst in cattle slaughtered at the abattoir. Materials and Methods A cross-sectional study, which involves both ante-mortem and post-mortem examination, was conducted at Nekemte municipal abattoir from November 2015 to March 2016. Results A total of 355 local cattle breed was randomly sampled and examined for the presence of hydatid cysts in the organs of the ani- mals using the standard meat inspection procedures, 66 (18.6%) animals were found harboring hydatid cysts. Statistical analysis showed that there was a significant difference p( <0.05) between the prevalence of bovine hydatidosis in all risk factors with excep- tion of sex of the animals. Among 207 hydatid cysts recorded, 93 (44.92%) were from lungs, 65 (31.40%) from livers, 4 (1.93%) from heart, 3 (1.44%) from kidney, 1 (0.48%) from spleen and 41 (19.8%) were in two organs from lung and liver.
    [Show full text]
  • Assessing Freight Transport Performances in Relation to Delays
    ADDIS ABABA UNIVERSITY ADDIS ABABA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY SCHOOL OF CIVIL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING Assessing Freight Transport Performances in Relation to Delays in Ethiopia: the case of Addis Ababa-Djibouti Corridor A Thesis Submitted to Road & Transport Engineering Stream By Kalkidan Waktole Bedassa Presented In Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science (Civil and Environmental Engineering) Addis Ababa University Addis Ababa, Ethiopia June, 2017 Addis Ababa University Addis Ababa Institute of Technology School of Civil and Environmental Engineering This is to certify that the thesis prepared by Kalkidan Waktole, entitled: Assessing Freight Transport Performances in Relation to Delays in Ethiopia: the case of Addis Ababa-Djibouti Corridor and submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science (Civil and Environmental Engineering) complies with the regulations of the University and meets the accepted standards with respect to originality and quality. Signed by the Examining Committee: Mr. Abel Kebede Internal Examiner Signature Date Dr. Alemayehu Ambo External Examiner Signature Date Professor Girma Gebresenbet Advisor Signature Date ___________________________________________ School or Center Chair Person ii UNDERTAKING I certify that this research work titled by Assessing Freight Transport Performances in Relation to Delays in Ethiopia: The case on Addis Ababa-Djibouti Corridor is my own work. The work has not been presented elsewhere for assessment. Where material has been used from other sources it has been properly acknowledged / referred. Kalkidan Waktole iii ABSTRACT The major contributing factor for low level of logistic performance in Ethiopia is freight transport delay. Delay affects trade performance of a country in terms of cost, time, reliability, predictability and customer services.
    [Show full text]
  • Ethiopia: Bank Group Assistance to the Transport Sector
    AFRICAN DEVELOPMENT BANK GROUP ETHIOPIA: BANK GROUP ASSISTANCE TO THE TRANSPORT SECTOR OPERATIONS EVALUATION DEPARTMENT (OPEV) APRIL 2002 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page No. ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS i EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ii 1. INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 Objective of Study 1 1.2 Scope 1 2. BANK GROUP STRATEGY & ASSISTANCE 2 2.1 Transport Policy 2 2.2 Strategy in the Transport Sector in Ethiopia 4 2.3 Bank Assistance 5 3. GOVERNMENT STRATEGY 5 4. DEVELOPMENT EFFECTIVENESS OF BANK ASSISTANCE 6 4.1 Objectives 6 4.2 Relevance 7 4.3 Efficacy 8 5. EFFICIENCY OF IMPLEMENTATION 10 5.1 Implementation Schedules 10 5.2 Cost Variations and Loan Utilization 12 5.3 Economic Rates of Return 12 5.4 Bank Performance 13 5.5 Borrower Performance 15 5.6 Co-financing & Donor Co-ordination 16 6. IMPACT OF BANK ASSISTANCE 17 6.1 Project Outcomes 17 6.2 Socio-economic Impact and Poverty Alleviation 18 6.3 Impact on Women 20 6.4 Environmental Impact 21 6.5 Private Sector Participation 22 6.6 Regional Economic Integration 23 7. INSTITUTIONAL DEVELOPMENT AND CAPACITY BUILDING 24 7.1 Background 24 7.2 Recent Capacity Building Efforts 25 7.3 Further Capacity Building 27 8. SUSTAINABILITY 28 9. KEY ISSUES FOR ENHANCEMENT OF DEVELOPMENT EFFECTIVENESS 29 9.1 Rural Roads 29 9.2 Road Maintenance 31 10. CONCLUSION, LESSONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 34 10.1 Conclusion 34 10.2 What Have We Learned – Findings and Lessons 35 10.3 The Way Forward- Recommendations 37 ANNEXURES Annexure N° of Pages 1 Bank Assistance to Transport Sector 1 2 Summary of Bank Group Operations as at 31 July 2001 3 3 Objectives and Project Components 3 4 Project Implementation Schedule 1 5 Project Costs 2 6 Loan Amounts and Disbursements 1 7 Economic Internal Rates of Return 1 8 Agricultural Production in Districts covered by Rural Roads I & II Projects 1 9 Allocations and Expenditure from the Road Fund 1 10 Key Lessons and Recommendations 3 This report was prepared by Mr.
    [Show full text]
  • Oromia Region Administrative Map(As of 27 March 2013)
    ETHIOPIA: Oromia Region Administrative Map (as of 27 March 2013) Amhara Gundo Meskel ! Amuru Dera Kelo ! Agemsa BENISHANGUL ! Jangir Ibantu ! ! Filikilik Hidabu GUMUZ Kiremu ! ! Wara AMHARA Haro ! Obera Jarte Gosha Dire ! ! Abote ! Tsiyon Jars!o ! Ejere Limu Ayana ! Kiremu Alibo ! Jardega Hose Tulu Miki Haro ! ! Kokofe Ababo Mana Mendi ! Gebre ! Gida ! Guracha ! ! Degem AFAR ! Gelila SomHbo oro Abay ! ! Sibu Kiltu Kewo Kere ! Biriti Degem DIRE DAWA Ayana ! ! Fiche Benguwa Chomen Dobi Abuna Ali ! K! ara ! Kuyu Debre Tsige ! Toba Guduru Dedu ! Doro ! ! Achane G/Be!ret Minare Debre ! Mendida Shambu Daleti ! Libanos Weberi Abe Chulute! Jemo ! Abichuna Kombolcha West Limu Hor!o ! Meta Yaya Gota Dongoro Kombolcha Ginde Kachisi Lefo ! Muke Turi Melka Chinaksen ! Gne'a ! N!ejo Fincha!-a Kembolcha R!obi ! Adda Gulele Rafu Jarso ! ! ! Wuchale ! Nopa ! Beret Mekoda Muger ! ! Wellega Nejo ! Goro Kulubi ! ! Funyan Debeka Boji Shikute Berga Jida ! Kombolcha Kober Guto Guduru ! !Duber Water Kersa Haro Jarso ! ! Debra ! ! Bira Gudetu ! Bila Seyo Chobi Kembibit Gutu Che!lenko ! ! Welenkombi Gorfo ! ! Begi Jarso Dirmeji Gida Bila Jimma ! Ketket Mulo ! Kersa Maya Bila Gola ! ! ! Sheno ! Kobo Alem Kondole ! ! Bicho ! Deder Gursum Muklemi Hena Sibu ! Chancho Wenoda ! Mieso Doba Kurfa Maya Beg!i Deboko ! Rare Mida ! Goja Shino Inchini Sululta Aleltu Babile Jimma Mulo ! Meta Guliso Golo Sire Hunde! Deder Chele ! Tobi Lalo ! Mekenejo Bitile ! Kegn Aleltu ! Tulo ! Harawacha ! ! ! ! Rob G! obu Genete ! Ifata Jeldu Lafto Girawa ! Gawo Inango ! Sendafa Mieso Hirna
    [Show full text]
  • Enter Doc Title Here
    ETHIOPIA MONTHLY MARKET October WATCH 2011 ETHIOPIA MONTHLY MARKET WATCH October 2011 Highlights The Year to Year country level general and food inflation rate increased by 39.8% and 51.7% respectively. Cereal inflation rate increased by 63.1%. The Ethiopian Grain Trade Enterprise has started the sale of subsidised wheat to the urban consumers at US $ 321/mt which is far below the import parity and private traders’ retail prices. Maize, wheat and sorghum import parity prices remained the same at the elevated level with slight decline of 3% to 4% against last month. The local price at Addis Ababa stood below the import parity prices by 44% for maize, 19% higher for wheat and equivalent with sorghum price. In most monitored markets, retail prices of cereal showed a declining trend but still stood above last year the same time. The decreasing price is associated with the progression of upcoming Meher season harvest. The average price of shoat at Dire Dawa and Jijiga remained the same with slight changes but at Gode declined by 7%. However, the terms of trade remained the same due to marginal decline of cereal price. Special issues Subsidised wheat sale: The Government (Ethiopian Grain Trade Enterprise) has started the sale of imported wheat grain to urban consumers through the local level Government institution, kebele, particularly in the capital, Addis Ababa. The selling price of grain wheat is decided at US $ 321/mt at exchange rate of Birr 17.13 against US Dollar. The Government has subsidized the selling price and it stood far below the import parity price.
    [Show full text]
  • Downloaded from Afsis Website
    Living Standards Measurement Study- Integrated Surveys on Agriculture (LSMS-ISA): Ethiopia Rural Socioeconomic Survey (ERSS) Basic Information Document Central Statistical Agency & the World Bank December 20121 1 Updated February 2017 ACRONYMS AgSS Annual Agricultural Sample Survey BMGF Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation CAPI Computer Assisted Personal Interviewing CSA Central Statistical Agency (Ethiopia) DHS Demographic and Health Survey EA Enumeration Area EIAR Ethiopia Institute of Agricultural Research ERSS Ethiopia Rural Socioeconomic Survey IFPRI International Food Policy Research Institute LSMS-ISA Living Standards Measurement Study – Integrated Surveys on Agriculture MOA Ministry of Agriculture MOFED Ministry of Finance and Economic Development NSDS National Strategy for the Development of Statistics PAPI Paper and Pen Interviewing WB World Bank WFP World Food Program 2 Table of Contents 1. Introduction ............................................................................................................................. 4 2. The Survey Instruments .......................................................................................................... 5 3. Sample Design ...................................................................................................................... 11 4. Field Work ............................................................................................................................ 15 4.1 Training of Field Staff and Data Entry Operators for the Survey ......................................
    [Show full text]
  • World Bank Document
    Inv I l i RNE S Tl RI ECTr r LULIPYi~iIriReport No. AF-60a I.1 Public Disclosure Authorized This report was prepared for use within the Bank and its affiliated orgonizations. TThey do not accept responsibility for itg accuracy or completeness. The report may not be published nor marj it be quoted as representingr their views.' TNTPRNATTCkNL BANK FOR RECONSTRUCTION-AND DEVELOPMENT INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT. ASSOCIATION Public Disclosure Authorized THE ECONOMY OF ETHIOPIA (in five volumes) Itrf"%T TT'KXL' TTT -V %J..JAULJLV.L;& ".L.L TRANSPORTATION Public Disclosure Authorized August 31, 1967 Public Disclosure Authorized Africa Department CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS Unit - Ethiopian dollar (Eth$) US$1. 00 Eth$Z.50 T. 1,-.1 nn - TTChn AA METRIC SYSTEM 1 meter (m) = 39. 37 inches 1 kilometer (km) = 0. 62 miles 1 hectare (ha) = 2.471 acres 1 square k4lot-neter = 0.38 square m0iles TIME The Ethiopian calender year (EC) runs from September 11 to September 10. Moreover, there is a difference of about 7-3/4 years between the Gregorian and the Ethiopian era. For intance, 1959 EC runs froM. September 11, 1966 to September 10, 1967. Most of the official Ethiopian statistics on national accounts, production, and foreign trade are converted to the Gregorian calender. Throughout the report the Gregorian calender is used. The Ethiopian budget year begins on July 8. For example, Ethiopian budget year 1959 runs from July 8, 1966 to July 7, 1967. In the report this year is referred to as budget year 1966/67. ECONOMY OF ETHIOPIA VOLUME III TRANSPOITATION This- repointW+.
    [Show full text]
  • Concurrent Infection of Hydatidosis and Fasciolosis in Cattle Slaughtered at Mekelle Municipal Abattoir, Tigray Region
    Concurrent Infection of Hydatidosis and Fasciolosis in Cattle Slaughtered at Mekelle Municipal Abattoir, Tigray Region Gebretsadik Berhe*, Gebrehiwot Tadesse, Habtom Kiros, Negus Abebe College of Veterinary Medicine, Mekelle University, P.O. Box 2215, Mekelle * Corresponding author: [email protected] Abstract An abattoir survey was carried out in Mekelle municipal abattoir, Ethiopia to de- termine the prevalence of concurrent infections of hydatidosis and fasciolosis in cattle. A total of 4,481 slaughtered cattle were studied by ante- and post-mortem examinations. From the total 4,481 slaughtered cattle examined at Mekelle mu- nicipality abattoir, 357 (8%) were found to harbor mixed infection of hydatidosis and fasciolosis. While the individual prevalence of hydatidosis and fasciolosis was 32.11% and 24.32%, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression analysis indi- cated that among the factors considered in the current study, origin of animals had statistically significant effect on the prevalence of concurrent infection (OR = 1.418, 95% CI = 1.108 - 1.814, p = 0.005), whereas breed and body condition of animals didn’t have significant effect on prevalence of the co-infection. Moreover, month had no statistically significant effect on prevalence of hydatidosis and fas- ciolosis co-infection (OR= 1.0029, 95% CI = 0.9758 - 1.0306, p = 0.867). Generally this study showed that hydatidosis and fasciolosis are important disease problems in cattle in the study area. The relatively higher prevalence in the occurrence of the concurrent infection of hydatidosis and fasciolosis in this study may suggest that ecological factors that determine the occurrence of the two diseases might be similar. On the other hand, the higher prevalence of the individual or concurrent infection may imply that these diseases have the potential to cause considerable economic and public health problems.
    [Show full text]
  • Ethiopia: Administrative Map (August 2017)
    Ethiopia: Administrative map (August 2017) ERITREA National capital P Erob Tahtay Adiyabo Regional capital Gulomekeda Laelay Adiyabo Mereb Leke Ahferom Red Sea Humera Adigrat ! ! Dalul ! Adwa Ganta Afeshum Aksum Saesie Tsaedaemba Shire Indasilase ! Zonal Capital ! North West TigrayTahtay KoraroTahtay Maychew Eastern Tigray Kafta Humera Laelay Maychew Werei Leke TIGRAY Asgede Tsimbila Central Tigray Hawzen Medebay Zana Koneba Naeder Adet Berahile Region boundary Atsbi Wenberta Western Tigray Kelete Awelallo Welkait Kola Temben Tselemti Degua Temben Mekele Zone boundary Tanqua Abergele P Zone 2 (Kilbet Rasu) Tsegede Tselemt Mekele Town Special Enderta Afdera Addi Arekay South East Ab Ala Tsegede Mirab Armacho Beyeda Woreda boundary Debark Erebti SUDAN Hintalo Wejirat Saharti Samre Tach Armacho Abergele Sanja ! Dabat Janamora Megale Bidu Alaje Sahla Addis Ababa Ziquala Maychew ! Wegera Metema Lay Armacho Wag Himra Endamehoni Raya Azebo North Gondar Gonder ! Sekota Teru Afar Chilga Southern Tigray Gonder City Adm. Yalo East Belesa Ofla West Belesa Kurri Dehana Dembia Gonder Zuria Alamata Gaz Gibla Zone 4 (Fantana Rasu ) Elidar Amhara Gelegu Quara ! Takusa Ebenat Gulina Bugna Awra Libo Kemkem Kobo Gidan Lasta Benishangul Gumuz North Wello AFAR Alfa Zone 1(Awsi Rasu) Debre Tabor Ewa ! Fogera Farta Lay Gayint Semera Meket Guba Lafto DPubti DJIBOUTI Jawi South Gondar Dire Dawa Semen Achefer East Esite Chifra Bahir Dar Wadla Delanta Habru Asayita P Tach Gayint ! Bahir Dar City Adm. Aysaita Guba AMHARA Dera Ambasel Debub Achefer Bahirdar Zuria Dawunt Worebabu Gambela Dangura West Esite Gulf of Aden Mecha Adaa'r Mile Pawe Special Simada Thehulederie Kutaber Dangila Yilmana Densa Afambo Mekdela Tenta Awi Dessie Bati Hulet Ej Enese ! Hareri Sayint Dessie City Adm.
    [Show full text]
  • Trade Facilitation in Ethiopia: the Role of WTO Accession in Domestic Reform
    Trade Facilitation in Ethiopia: The Role of WTO Accession in Domestic Reform Tilahun Esmael Kassahun ♣ Abstract Ethiopia is one of the countries with excessive challenges in cross border trade. The high cost of doing business across borders in Ethiopia has become a major constraint. The focus of this article is trade facilitation which requires the examination of the dynamic gains associated with lowering trade transaction costs and identifying the relative importance of related trade policy reform measures in Ethiopia. In particular, the current state of the law and practice in trade facilitation and the international trading environment in Ethiopia are examined. The article focuses on customs law, border institutions, transport and logistics services and various issues related with investment and trade policy. In so doing, it attempts to examine how Ethiopia’s WTO Accession and trade facilitation instruments can be streamlined with domestic reform. Key words Trade facilitation, customs valuation, logistic services, WTO, Ethiopia DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/mlr.v8i1.5 ♣ PhD Candidate (International Law and Economics) Bocconi University, Milan-Italy. LL.M (Business Law) Addis Ababa University, LL.M (International Economic Law and Policy, IELPO) University of Barcelona. The author teaches at Haramaya University College of Law and is currently on study leave. He would like to give his sincere gratitude to the editorial team at Mizan Law Review and the two anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments, remarks, and suggestions. He can
    [Show full text]