Interjections
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Analysis of Expressive Interjection Translation in Terms of Meanings
perpustakaan.uns.ac.id digilib.uns.ac.id ANALYSIS OF EXPRESSIVE INTERJECTION TRANSLATION IN TERMS OF MEANINGS, TECHNIQUES, AND QUALITY ASSESSMENTS IN “THE VERY BEST DONALD DUCK” BILINGUAL COMICS EDITION 17 THESIS Submitted as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for Sarjana Degree at English Department of Faculty of Letters and Fine Arts University of Sebelas Maret By: LIA ADHEDIA C0305042 ENGLISH DEPARTMENT FACULTY OF LETTERS AND FINE ARTS UNIVERSITY OF SEBELAS MARET SURAKARTA 2012 THESIScommit APPROVAL to user i perpustakaan.uns.ac.id digilib.uns.ac.id commit to user ii perpustakaan.uns.ac.id digilib.uns.ac.id commit to user iii perpustakaan.uns.ac.id digilib.uns.ac.id PRONOUNCEMENT Name : Lia Adhedia NIM : C0305042 Stated whole-heartedly that this thesis entitled Analysis of Expressive Interjection Translation in Terms of Meanings, Techniques, and Quality Assessments in “The Very Best Donald Duck” bilingual comics edition 17 is originally made by the researcher. It is neither a plagiarism, nor made by others. The things related to other people’s works are written in quotation and included within bibliography. If it is then proved that the researcher cheats, the researcher is ready to take the responsibility. Surakarta, May 2012 The researcher Lia Adhedia C0305042 commit to user iv perpustakaan.uns.ac.id digilib.uns.ac.id MOTTOS “Allah does not change a people’s lot unless they change what their hearts is.” (Surah ar-Ra’d: 11) “So, verily, with every difficulty, there is relief.” (Surah Al Insyirah: 5) commit to user v perpustakaan.uns.ac.id digilib.uns.ac.id DEDICATION This thesis is dedicated to My beloved mother and father My beloved sister and brother commit to user vi perpustakaan.uns.ac.id digilib.uns.ac.id ACKNOWLEDGMENT Alhamdulillaahirabbil’aalamiin, all praises and thanks be to Allah, and peace be upon His chosen bondsmen and women. -
AUTHOR a Longitudinal Study of the Language Development Of
DOCUMENT RESUME ED 247 706 EC 170 061 AUTHOR Mohay, Heather TITLE A Longitudinal Study of the Language Development of Three Deaf Children of Hearing Parents. PUB DATE , Jun 81 NOTE 26p.,.; Paper presented at a Seminar on Early Intervention or Young Hearing-Impaired Children (Mt. Gravatt., Queensland, Australia, June 15-16,-1981). For the proceedings, see EC 170 057. PUB TYPE Reports' = Research/Technical (143) EDRS PRICE MF01/PCO2 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS. *Hearing.Impairments; Infants; *Language Acquisition; Longitudinal Studies; *Manual Communication; Sign Language; Young Children (F ABSTRACT A longitudinal study followed the language acquisition'of three deaf infants. Analysis of videotapes recorded in the child's home during informal play was performed in terms of communicative gestures. Results revealed that Ss used a very limited number of hand configurations, locations for signs, and hand and arm, movements. Analysis of the gestures showed that there was a great deal of similarity in the components used by the three Ss, Ss presented consistent patterns in their gestures. Although the single gesture utterance was the most common communicative form, all Ss did combine gestures to form two-gesture utterances. Speech was infrequently used, and all Ss had larger gestural than spoken lexitons at 30 months. It was possible for elements in two gesture utterances and word/gesture combinations to be produced simultaneously. The content of the utterances indicated that they were able to express the same semantic relationships as hearing children at a similar stage of language development. (CL) 9 *********************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. -
Impact of Immersion Teaching on English Sociopragmatic Awareness of Chinese Kindergarten Children: a Polite Study
International Education Volume 41 Issue 2 Spring 2012 Impact of Immersion Teaching on English Sociopragmatic Awareness of Chinese Kindergarten Children: A Polite Study Lei Zhang China Women's University Rong Yan Beijing International Studies University Follow this and additional works at: https://trace.tennessee.edu/internationaleducation Part of the International and Comparative Education Commons Copyright © 2013 by the University of Tennessee. Reproduced with publisher's permission. Further reproduction of this article in violation of the copyright is prohibited. https://trace.tennessee.edu/internationaleducation/vol41/iss2/3 Recommended Citation Zhang, Lei and Yan, Rong (2012). Impact of Immersion Teaching on English Sociopragmatic Awareness of Chinese Kindergarten Children: A Polite Study. International Education, Vol. 41 Issue (2). Retrieved from: https://trace.tennessee.edu/internationaleducation/vol41/iss2/3 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. It has been accepted for inclusion in International Education by an authorized editor of TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. For more information, please contact [email protected]. IMPACT OF IMMERSION TEACHING ON ENGLISH SOCIOPRAGMATIC AWARENESS OF CHINESE KINDERGARTEN CHILDREN: A POLITE STUDY Lei Zhang China Women’s University Rong Yan Beijing International Studies University ABSTRACT The purpose of this paper is to examine the impacts of an early partial im- mersion program as compared to a non-immersion program on English socioprag- matic awareness among Chinese kindergarten children six years of age. Of the 128 children who participated in the experiment involving the use of politeness perception tasks, half received three years of English immersion instruction and the other half were non-immersion children. -
LINGUISTICS' Selected Category Scheme: Wos
Journal Data Filtered By: Selected JCR Year: 2020 Selected Editions: SSCI Selected Categories: 'LINGUISTICS' Selected Category Scheme: WoS Rank Full Journal Title ISSN Journal Impact Factor 1 APPLIED LINGUISTICS 0142-6001 5.741 2 Language Teaching 0261-4448 5.327 3 Computer Assisted Language Learning 0958-8221 4.789 4 MODERN LANGUAGE JOURNAL 0026-7902 4.759 5 LANGUAGE LEARNING 0023-8333 4.667 6 LANGUAGE LEARNING & TECHNOLOGY 1094-3501 4.313 7 International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism 1367-0050 4.159 8 STUDIES IN SECOND LANGUAGE ACQUISITION 0272-2631 3.988 9 Language Teaching Research 1362-1688 3.899 10 TESOL QUARTERLY 0039-8322 3.692 11 Language Testing 0265-5322 3.551 12 JOURNAL OF SECOND LANGUAGE WRITING 1060-3743 3.538 13 Bilingualism-Language and Cognition 1366-7289 3.532 14 Annual Review of Linguistics 2333-9691 3.512 15 SYSTEM 0346-251X 3.167 16 RESEARCH ON LANGUAGE AND SOCIAL INTERACTION 0835-1813 3.077 17 JOURNAL OF MEMORY AND LANGUAGE 0749-596X 3.059 18 Studies in Second Language Learning and Teaching 2083-5205 3.036 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LANGUAGE & 19 COMMUNICATION DISORDERS 1368-2822 3.020 20 LANGUAGE SPEECH AND HEARING SERVICES IN SCHOOLS 0161-1461 2.983 21 ReCALL 0958-3440 2.917 JOURNAL OF MULTILINGUAL AND MULTICULTURAL 22 DEVELOPMENT 0143-4632 2.814 23 ENGLISH FOR SPECIFIC PURPOSES 0889-4906 2.804 24 APHASIOLOGY 0268-7038 2.773 25 International Journal of Multilingualism 1479-0718 2.714 26 JOURNAL OF PHONETICS 0095-4470 2.670 27 Applied Linguistics Review 1868-6303 2.655 28 JOURNAL OF FLUENCY DISORDERS -
Two-Word Utterances Chomsky's Influence
Two-Word Utterances When does language begin? In the middle 1960s, under the influence of Chomsky’s vision of linguistics, the first child language researchers assumed that language begins when words (or morphemes) are combined. (The reading by Halliday has some illustrative citations concerning this narrow focus on “structure.”) So our story begins with what is colloquially known as the “two-word stage.” The transition to 2-word utterances has been called “perhaps, the single most disputed issue in the study of language development” (Bloom, 1998). A few descriptive points: Typically children start to combine words when they are between 18 and 24 months of age. Around 30 months their utterances become more complex, as they add additional words and also affixes and other grammatical morphemes. These first word-combinations show a number of characteristics. First, they are systematically simpler than adult speech. For instance, function words are generally not used. Notice that the omission of inflections, such as -s, -ing, -ed, shows that the child is being systematic rather than copying. If they were simply imitating what they heard, there is no particular reason why these grammatical elements would be omitted. Conjunctions (and), articles (the, a), and prepositions (with) are omitted too. But is this because they require extra processing, which the child is not yet capable of? Or do they as yet convey nothing to the child—can she find no use for them? Second, as utterances become more complex and inflections are added, we find the famous “over-regularization”—which again shows, of course, that children are systematic, not simply copying what they here. -
Teaching Pragmatics to Indonesian Learners of English Disa Evawani Lestari, S.S., M.Sc. President University Disa.Silaen@Presid
p-ISSN: 2580-2712 METATHESIS, Vol. 1, No. 2, Oktober 2017 e-ISSN: 2580-2720 Teaching Pragmatics to Indonesian Learners of English Disa Evawani Lestari, S.S., M.Sc. President University [email protected] Abstract Pragmatic competence constitutes a significant factor in determining the success of communication. In real life interaction, a language learner is not only expected to use language and produce utterances which are understandable or grammatically correct, but is also expected to produce utterances which are socioculturally appropriate. However, for students who learn English as a Foreign Language (EFL), the pragmatic competence, which can actually be acquired naturally through social interaction, is quite difficult to acquire due to the limited, if not absent at all, use of English to reach a communication goal in an authentic social interaction/setting (not in a role-play classroom activity). This paper aims to figure out some of those issues of teaching pragmatics in EFL classrooms in Indonesia and to explore the possible solutions based on the concept and approaches informed by the previous studies. The importance of the use of authentic materials, input and production activity, along with understandable feedback are highlighted as some of the ways to fill the lacking space in EFL learners’ pragmatic knowledge. A. INTRODUCTION Encouraged by the communicative competence models proposed by Canale & Swain (1980) and Bachman (1990), the view of second language (L2) learning has undergone a significant shift. Based on these models, L2 learning which was previously seen simply as a mastery of grammatical forms is then perceived to be the acquisition of those forms in a contextualized setting to serve certain social purposes. -
The Utterance, and Otherbasic Units for Second Language Discourse Analysis
The Utterance, and OtherBasic Units for Second Language Discourse Analysis GRAHAM CROOKES University of Hawaii-Manoa Theselection ofa base unitisan importantdecision in theprocess ofdiscourse analysis. A number of different units form the bases of discourse analysis systems designed for dealing with structural characteristics ofsecondlanguage discourse. Thispaperreviews the moreprominentofsuch unitsand provides arguments infavourofthe selection ofone inparticular-the utterance. INTRODUCTION Discourse analysis has been an accepted part of the methodology of second language (SL) research for some time (see, for example, Chaudron 1988: 40-5; Hatch 1978; Hatch and Long 1980; Larsen-Freeman 1980), and its procedures are becoming increasingly familiar and even to some extent standardized. As is well-known, an important preliminary stage in the discourse analysis of speech is the identification of units relevant to the investigation within the body of text to be analysed, or the complete separation of the corpus into those basic units. In carrying out this stage of the analysis, the varying needs of second language discourse analysis have caused investigators to make use ofall of the traditional grammatical units of analysis (morpheme, word, clause, etc.), as well as other structural or interactional features of the discourse (for example, turns), in addition to a variety of other units defined in terms of their functions (for example, moves). These units have formed the bases of a number of different analytic systems, which canmainly beclassified as either structural orfunctional (Chaudron 1988), developed to address differing research objectives. In carrying out structural discourse analyses of oral text, researchers have been confronted with the fact that most grammars are based on a unit that is not defined for speech, but is based on the written mode of language-that is, the sentence. -
Stochastic Language Generation in Dialogue Using Factored Language Models
Stochastic Language Generation in Dialogue Using Factored Language Models Franc¸ois Mairesse∗ University of Cambridge ∗∗ Steve Young University of Cambridge Most previous work on trainable language generation has focused on two paradigms: (a) using a statistical model to rank a set of pre-generated utterances, or (b) using statistics to determine the generation decisions of an existing generator. Both approaches rely on the existence of a hand- crafted generation component, which is likely to limit their scalability to new domains. The first contribution of this article is to present BAGEL, a fully data-driven generation method that treats the language generation task as a search for the most likely sequence of semantic concepts and realization phrases, according to Factored Language Models (FLMs). As domain utterances are not readily available for most natural language generation tasks, a large creative effort is required to produce the data necessary to represent human linguistic variation for nontrivial domains. This article is based on the assumption that learning to produce paraphrases can be facilitated by collecting data from a large sample of untrained annotators using crowdsourcing—rather than a few domain experts—by relying on a coarse meaning representation. A second contribution of this article is to use crowdsourced data to show how dialogue naturalness can be improved by learning to vary the output utterances generated for a given semantic input. Two data- driven methods for generating paraphrases in dialogue are presented: (a) by sampling from the n-best list of realizations produced by BAGEL’s FLM reranker; and (b) by learning a structured perceptron predicting whether candidate realizations are valid paraphrases. -
JOURNAL of PRAGMATICS an Interdisciplinary Journal of Language Studies
JOURNAL OF PRAGMATICS An Interdisciplinary Journal of Language Studies AUTHOR INFORMATION PACK TABLE OF CONTENTS XXX . • Description p.1 • Audience p.1 • Impact Factor p.1 • Abstracting and Indexing p.2 • Editorial Board p.2 • Guide for Authors p.4 ISSN: 0378-2166 DESCRIPTION . Aims & Scope Since 1977, the Journal of Pragmatics has provided a forum for bringing together a wide range of research in pragmatics, including cognitive pragmatics, corpus pragmatics, experimental pragmatics, historical pragmatics, interpersonal pragmatics, multimodal pragmatics, sociopragmatics, theoretical pragmatics and related fields. Our aim is to publish innovative pragmatic scholarship from all perspectives, which contributes to theories of how speakers produce and interpret language in different contexts drawing on attested data from a wide range of languages/cultures in different parts of the world. The Journal of Pragmatics also encourages work that uses attested language data to explore the relationship between pragmatics and neighbouring research areas such as semantics, discourse analysis, conversation analysis and ethnomethodology, interactional linguistics, sociolinguistics, linguistic anthropology, media studies, psychology, sociology, and the philosophy of language. Alongside full-length articles, discussion notes and book reviews, the journal welcomes proposals for high quality special issues in all areas of pragmatics which make a significant contribution to a topical or developing area at the cutting-edge of research. AUDIENCE . Linguists, Sociologists, Psychologists, Anthropologists, those involved in Artificial Intelligence, Philosophers interested in pragmatics, semantics, language acquisition, universals of language, computational linguistics, sociolinguistics, speech act theories, discourse analysis, etc. IMPACT FACTOR . 2020: 1.476 © Clarivate Analytics Journal Citation Reports 2021 AUTHOR INFORMATION PACK 6 Oct 2021 www.elsevier.com/locate/pragma 1 ABSTRACTING AND INDEXING . -
Interjections in English: Neglected but Important Aspect of Foreign Language Learning and Teaching
Eğitimde Kuram ve Uygulama 2010, 6 (1):17-35 Journal of Theory and Practice in Education Articles /Makaleler ISSN: 1304-9496 http://eku.comu.edu.tr/index/6/1/mhismanoglu.pdf INTERJECTIONS IN ENGLISH: NEGLECTED BUT IMPORTANT ASPECT OF FOREIGN LANGUAGE LEARNING AND TEACHING (ĠNGĠLĠZCE‟DE ÜNLEMLER: YABANCI DĠL ÖĞRENĠMĠ VE ÖĞRETĠMĠNĠN GÖZ ARDI EDĠLEN AMA ÖNEMLĠ BĠR KISMI) Murat HİŞMANOĞLU1 ABSTRACT This paper aims at stressing the importance of interjections in foreign language learning and teaching. It defines the concept of interjection, assesses the strengths and weaknesses of two contemporary approaches to interjections, and expounds the concept of pragmatic competence with reference to interjections. It tries to find out whether non-native students of ELT department in the European University of Lefke (EUL) context can use the right interjection in the related context successfully or not. Further, it investigates three most frequently used interjections and three least frequently used interjections by these students and the underlying reason(s) for this pragmatic phenomenon. The results of the study reveal that wow, ow and hey are three most frequently used interjections, whereas dear, eh, and uh are three least frequently used interjections by non-native students of ELT department in the EUL context. Keywords: interjections, pragmatics, pragmatic competence, linguistics, foreign language teaching ÖZ Bu çalışma yabancı dil öğrenimi ve öğretiminde ünlemlerin önemini vurgulamayı amaçlamaktadır. Çalışma ünlem kavramını tanımlamakta, ünlemlerle ilgili iki modern yaklaşımın olumlu ve olumsuz yönlerini değerlendirmekte, ve ünlemlerle bağıntılı olarak edimbilimsel yeti kavramını açıklamaktadır. Lefke Avrupa Üniversitesi (LAÜ) bağlamında ana dili Ġngilizce olmayan Ġngilizce Öğretmenliği bölümü öğrencilerinin bağlam içerisinde doğru ünlemi başarılı olarak kullanıp kullanamadıklarını bulmaya çalışmaktadır. -
Annotation of Utterances for Conversational Nonverbal Behaviors
Annotation of Utterances for Conversational Nonverbal Behaviors Allison Funkhouser CMU-RI-TR-16-25 Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Masters of Science in Robotics May 2016 Masters Committee: Reid Simmons, Chair Illah Nourbakhsh Heather Knight Abstract Nonverbal behaviors play an important role in communication for both humans and social robots. However, hiring trained roboticists and animators to individually animate every possible piece of dialogue is time consuming and does not scale well. This has motivated previous researchers to develop automated systems for inserting appropriate nonverbal behaviors into utterances based only on the text of the dialogue. Yet this automated strategy also has drawbacks, because there is basic semantic information that humans can easily identify that is not yet accurately captured by a purely automated system. Identifying the dominant emotion of a sentence, locating words that should be emphasized by beat gestures, and inferring the next speaker in a turn-taking scenario are all examples of data that would be useful when animating an utterance but which are difficult to determine automatically. This work proposes a middle ground between hand-tuned animation and a purely text-based system. Instead, untrained human workers label relevant semantic information for an utterance. These labeled sentences are then used by an automated system to produce fully animated dialogue. In this way, the relevant human-identifiable context of a scenario is preserved without requiring workers to have deep expertise of the intricacies of nonverbal behavior. Because the semantic information is independent of the robotic platform, workers are also not required to have access to a simulation or physical robot. -
Romanian Grammar
1 Cojocaru Romanian Grammar 0. INTRODUCTION 0.1. Romania and the Romanians 0.2. The Romanian language 1. ALPHABET AND PHONETICS 1.1. The Romanian alphabet 1.2. Potential difficulties related to pronunciation and reading 1.2.1. Pronunciation 1.2.1.1. Vowels [ ǝ ] and [y] 1.2.1.2. Consonants [r], [t] and [d] 1.2.2. Reading 1.2.2.1. Unique letters 1.2.2.2. The letter i in final position 1.2.2.3. The letter e in the initial position 1.2.2.4. The ce, ci, ge, gi, che, chi, ghe, ghi groups 1.2.2.5. Diphthongs and triphthongs 1.2.2.6. Vowels in hiatus 1.2.2.7. Stress 1.2.2.8. Liaison 2. MORPHOPHONEMICS 2.1. Inflection 2.1.1. Declension of nominals 2.1.2. Conjugation of verbs 2.1.3. Invariable parts of speech 2.2. Common morphophonemic alternations 2.2.1. Vowel mutations 2.2.1.1. the o/oa mutation 2.2.1.2. the e/ea mutation 2.2.1.3. the ă/e mutation 2.2.1.4. the a/e mutation 2.2.1.5. the a/ă mutation 2.2.1.6. the ea/e mutation 2.2.1.7. the oa/o mutation 2.2.1.8. the ie/ia mutation 2.2.1.9. the â/i mutation 2.2.1.10. the a/ă mutation 2.2.1.11. the u/o mutation 2.2.2. Consonant mutations 2.2.2.1. the c/ce or ci mutation 2.2.2.2.