Immunophenotyping of Leukemias Using a Cluster of Differentiation Antibody Microarray 1
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New Insights Into Epididymal Function in Relation to Sperm Maturation
REPRODUCTIONREVIEW New insights into epididymal function in relation to sperm maturation Jean-Louis Dacheux and Franc¸oise Dacheux UMR INRA-CNRS 7247, 37380 Nouzilly, France Correspondence should be addressed to J-L Dacheux; Email: [email protected] Abstract Testicular spermatozoa acquire fertility only after 1 or 2 weeks of transit through the epididymis. At the end of this several meters long epididymal tubule, the male gamete is able to move, capacitate, migrate through the female tract, bind to the egg membrane and fuse to the oocyte to result in a viable embryo. All these sperm properties are acquired after sequential modifications occurring either at the level of the spermatozoon or in the epididymal surroundings. Over the last few decades, significant increases in the understanding of the composition of the male gamete and its surroundings have resulted from the use of new techniques such as genome sequencing, proteomics combined with high-sensitivity mass spectrometry, and gene-knockout approaches. This review reports and discusses the most relevant new results obtained in different species regarding the various cellular processes occurring at the sperm level, in particular, those related to the development of motility and egg binding during epididymal transit. Reproduction (2014) 147 R27–R42 Introduction sequentially throughout the epididymis. In view of these two parallel events, most investigations have The formation of fertile spermatozoa is the result of involved assessing the relationships between these two spectacular stages of cell differentiation that begin in events and identifying the epididymal signals able to the male gonad and finish in the female tract. The control spermatozoon fertility. -
Immune Regulation by CD52-Expressing CD4 T Cells
Cellular & Molecular Immunology (2013) 10, 379–382 ß 2013 CSI and USTC. All rights reserved 1672-7681/13 $32.00 www.nature.com/cmi RESEARCH HIGHLIGHT Immune regulation by CD52-expressing CD4 T cells Ban-Hock Toh1, Tin Kyaw1,2, Peter Tipping1 and Alex Bobik2 T-cell regulation by CD52-expressing CD4 T cells appears to operate by two different and possibly synergistic mechanisms. The first is by its release from the cell surface of CD4 T cells that express high levels of CD52 that then binds to the inhibitory sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectins-10 (Siglec-10) receptor to attenuate effector T-cell activation by impairing phosphorylation of T-cell receptor associated lck and zap-70. The second mechanism appears to be by crosslinkage of the CD52 molecules by an as yet unidentified endogenous ligand that is mimicked by a bivalent anti-CD52 antibody that results in their expansion. Cellular & Molecular Immunology (2013) 10, 379–382; doi:10.1038/cmi.2013.35; published online 12 August 2013 he immune system is designed to appears in the affirmative, and includes suppression was lost by cleavage of N- T protect its host from invading players such as IL-10-secreting Tr1 and glycans from CD52-Fc by peptide N- pathogens and yet remain non-reactive TGF-b-secreting Th3. cells. Absence of glycosidase or by removal of sialic acid to self. Immunological homeostasis is surface markers limited the usefulness residues by neuraminidase. Suppression maintained by purging self-reactive lym- of these other regulators. However, the was also blocked by antibody to the phocytes by clonal deletion coupled with recent report that CD49b and lympho- extracellular domain of Siglec-10 and a regulatory population of lymphocytes cyte activation gene-3 are highly and sta- by soluble Siglec-10-Fc. -
HIV-1 Induces Cytoskeletal Alterations and Rac1 Activation During Monocyte-Blood-Brain Barrier Interactions
Woollard et al. Retrovirology 2014, 11:20 http://www.retrovirology.com/content/11/1/20 RESEARCH Open Access HIV-1 induces cytoskeletal alterations and Rac1 activation during monocyte-blood–brain barrier interactions: modulatory role of CCR5 Shawna M Woollard1, Hong Li1, Sangya Singh1, Fang Yu2 and Georgette D Kanmogne1* Abstract Background: Most HIV strains that enter the brain are macrophage-tropic and use the CCR5 receptor to bind and infect target cells. Because the cytoskeleton is a network of protein filaments involved in cellular movement and migration, we investigated whether CCR5 and the cytoskeleton are involved in endothelial-mononuclear phagocytes interactions, adhesion, and HIV-1 infection. Results: Using a cytoskeleton phospho-antibody microarray, we showed that after co-culture with human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMEC), HIV-1 infected monocytes increased expression and activation of cytoskeleton- associated proteins, including Rac1/cdc42 and cortactin, compared to non-infected monocytes co-cultured with HBMEC. Analysis of brain tissues from HIV-1-infected patients validated these findings, and showed transcriptional upregulation of Rac1 and cortactin, as well as increased activation of Rac1 in brain tissues of HIV-1-infected humans, compared to seronegative individuals and subjects with HIV-1-encephalitis. Confocal imaging showed that brain cells expressing phosphorylated Rac1 were mostly macrophages and blood vessels. CCR5 antagonists TAK-799 and maraviroc prevented HIV-induced upregulation and phosphorylation of cytoskeleton-associated proteins, prevented HIV-1 infection of macrophages, and diminished viral-induced adhesion of monocytes to HBMEC. Ingenuity pathway analysis suggests that during monocyte-endothelial interactions, HIV-1 alters protein expression and phosphorylation associated with integrin signaling, cellular morphology and cell movement, cellular assembly and organization, and post-translational modifications in monocytes. -
Protein Function Microarrays: Design, Use and Bioinformatic Analysis in Cancer Biomarker Discovery and Quantitation
Chapter 3 Protein Function Microarrays: Design, Use and Bioinformatic Analysis in Cancer Biomarker Discovery and Quantitation Jessica Duarte , Jean-Michel Serufuri , Nicola Mulder , and Jonathan Blackburn Abstract Protein microarrays have many potential applications in the systematic, quantitative analysis of protein function, including in biomarker discovery applica- tions. In this chapter, we review available methodologies relevant to this fi eld and describe a simple approach to the design and fabrication of cancer-antigen arrays suitable for cancer biomarker discovery through serological analysis of cancer patients. We consider general issues that arise in antigen content generation, microar- ray fabrication and microarray-based assays and provide practical examples of experimental approaches that address these. We then focus on general issues that arise in raw data extraction, raw data preprocessing and analysis of the resultant preprocessed data to determine its biological signi fi cance, and we describe compu- tational approaches to address these that enable quantitative assessment of serologi- cal protein microarray data. We exemplify this overall approach by reference to the creation of a multiplexed cancer-antigen microarray that contains 100 unique, puri fi ed, immobilised antigens in a spatially de fi ned array, and we describe speci fi c methods for serological assay and data analysis on such microarrays, including test cases with data originated from a malignant melanoma cohort. Keywords Protein microarrays • Cancer–testis antigens • Cancer biomarker discovery • Bioinformatic analysis • Pipeline J. Duarte • J.-M. Serufuri • N. Mulder • J. Blackburn , D.Phil (*) Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences , University of Cape Town , N3.06 Wernher Beit North Building, Anzio Road, Observatory , Cape Town 7925 , South Africa e-mail: [email protected] X. -
A Chip for the Detection of Antibodies in Autoimmune Diseases by Dr J
A utoimmunity As published in CLI June 2005 A chip for the detection of antibodies in autoimmune diseases by Dr J. Schulte-Pelkum, Dr Ch.Hentschel, Dr J. Kreutzberger, Dr F. Hiepe & Dr. W. Schoessler Biochip technology has rapidly developed into a booming sec- tor in life sciences over the last few years. The several thousand articles dedicated to the topic of microarrays reflect the signifi- cance of the potential impact of this technology on the bio- sciences [1]. Most of the research has been carried out on gene expression analysis, where DNA microarrays make it possible to generate a vast amount of information from only a few experi- ments. Newly developed protein microarrays are designed for the detection, quantification and functional analysis of proteins (e.g., antibodies) [2]. Applications of protein microarrays include assessment of DNA-protein and protein-protein inter- actions. However, progress has been slow, in part because of the challenges posed by the natural differences between proteins and DNA molecules. Proteins are highly diverse conformational Table 1. Microarray results using sera from patients with rheumatic diseases. structures commonly consisting of twenty different amino acids, whereas DNA, apart from its sequence, has a relatively uniform structure. Proteins may be totally or partially hydrophilic, hydrophobic, acidic or basic. Furthermore, they may undergo post-translational modifications such as glycosylation, acetylation and/or phosphorylation. Up to now, only a relatively small number of scientists have used protein array technology to directly investigate autoimmune diseases. Protein microarrays are technically more sophisticated than DNA arrays due to the heterogeneity of protein molecules as well as the need to preserve the complex three-dimensional structure (conformational epitopes) and function of proteins after immobilisation on the chip surface [3]. -
Anti-CD Antibody Microarray for Human Leukocyte Morphology Examination Allows Analyzing Rare Cell Populations and Suggesting Preliminary Diagnosis in Leukemia
www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Anti-CD antibody microarray for human leukocyte morphology examination allows analyzing rare Received: 11 March 2015 Accepted: 23 June 2015 cell populations and suggesting Published: 27 July 2015 preliminary diagnosis in leukemia Alina N. Khvastunova1,2,*, Sofya A. Kuznetsova1,2,3,*, Liubov S. Al-Radi3, Alexandra V. Vylegzhanina3, Anna O. Zakirova1,2, Olga S. Fedyanina2, Alexander V. Filatov4, Ivan A. Vorobjev5 & Fazly Ataullakhanov1,2,3 We describe a method for leukocyte sorting by a microarray of anti-cluster-of-differentiation (anti-CD) antibodies and for preparation of the bound cells for morphological or cytochemical examination. The procedure results in a “sorted” smear with cells positive for certain surface antigens localised in predefined areas. The morphology and cytochemistry of the microarray-captured normal and neoplastic peripheral blood mononuclear cells are identical to the same characteristics in a smear. The microarray permits to determine the proportions of cells positive for the CD antigens on the microarray panel with high correlation with flow cytometry. Using the anti-CD microarray we show that normal granular lymphocytes and lymphocytes with radial segmentation of the nuclei are positive for CD3, CD8, CD16 or CD56 but not for CD4 or CD19. We also show that the described technique permits to obtain a pure leukemic cell population or to separate two leukemic cell populations on different antibody spots and to study their morphology or cytochemistry directly on the microarray. In cases of leukemias/lymphomas when circulating neoplastic cells are morphologically distinct, preliminary diagnosis can be suggested from full analysis of cell morphology, cytochemistry and their binding pattern on the microarray. -
Constitutive Expression of Murine Ctla4ig from a Recombinant Adenovirus Vector Results in Prolonged Transgene Expression
Gene Therapy (1997) 4, 853–860 1997 Stockton Press All rights reserved 0969-7128/97 $12.00 Constitutive expression of murine CTLA4Ig from a recombinant adenovirus vector results in prolonged transgene expression DB Schowalter1, L Meuse1, CB Wilson2,3, PS Linsley4 and MA Kay1,2,5,6 1Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, and Departments of 2Pediatrics, 3Immunology, 6Biochemistry and 5Pathology, University of Washington; and 4Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceuticals, Seattle, WA, USA The administration of soluble muCTLA4Ig around the time Ad.RSV-muCTLA4Ig and a reporter adenovirus (2 × 109 of adenovirus vector mediated gene transfer into murine p.f.u. of Ad.PGK-hAAT) resulted in prolonged reporter hepatocytes has been shown to markedly prolong trans- gene expression, reduced anti-adenovirus and anti-hAAT gene expression, diminish the formation of adenovirus antibody production, and attenuated T cell proliferation and neutralizing antibody, decrease T cell proliferative IFN-g production in response to adenoviral vector. Mice response and infiltration into the liver without causing irre- given a constant total amount of adenovirus with dimin- versible systemic immunosuppression. In this study, an ishing amounts of Ad.RSV-muCTLA4Ig and a constant E1/E3-deleted adenovirus vector constitutively expressing amount of reporter virus (2 × 109 p.f.u. of Ad.PGK-hAAT) murine CTLA4Ig (Ad.RSV-muCTLA4Ig) was constructed in demonstrated prolonged reporter gene expression and order to determine if production of muCTLA4Ig from within decreased anti-adenovirus and anti-hAAT antibody pro- transduced cells (ie hepatocytes) would provide a more duction only when high serum levels of muCTLA4Ig were specific/localized interference with the CD28/B7–1 and produced. -
A Novel Raji-Burkitt's Lymphoma Model for Preclinical and Mechanistic Evaluation of CD52-Targeted Immunotherapeutic Agents
Cancer Therapy: Preclinical A Novel Raji-Burkitt’s Lymphoma Model for Preclinical and Mechanistic Evaluation of CD52-Targeted Immunotherapeutic Agents Rosa Lapalombella,1Xiaobin Zhao,1, 2 Georgia Triantafillou,1Bo Yu,3,4 Yan Jin, 4 Gerard Lozanski,5 Carolyn Cheney,1Nyla Heerema,5 David Jarjoura,6 Amy Lehman,6 L. James Lee,3,4 Guido Marcucci,1Robert J. Lee,2,4 Michael A. Caligiuri,1 Natarajan Muthusamy,1and John C. Byrd1, 2 Abstract Purpose:Todate, efforts to study CD52-targeted therapies, such as alemtuzumab, have beenlim- ited due to the lack of stable CD52 expressing transformed B-cell lines and animal models.We describe generation and utilization of cell lines that stably express CD52 both in vitro and in vivo. Experimental Design: By limiting dilution, we have established several clones of Raji-Burkitt’s lymphoma cell line that express surface CD52. Immunophenotype and cytogenetic charac- terizationof these clones was done. In vivo usefulness of the CD52high cell line to evaluate the ther- apeuticefficacyofCD52-directedantibody wasinvestigatedusingaSCIDmousexenograftmodel. Results: Stable expression of CD52 was confirmed in cells cultured in vitro up to 52 weeks of continuous growth. The functional integrity of the expressed CD52 molecule was shown using alemtuzumab, which induced cytotoxic effects in vitro in the CD52high but not the CD52low clone. Compared with control antibody, alemtuzumab treatment in CD52high inoculated mice resulted in significantly increased median survival. Comparable levels of CD52-targeted direct cyto- toxicity, complement-dependent cytotoxicity, and antibody-dependent cytotoxicity and anti-CD52 immunoliposome-mediated delivery of synthetic oligodeoxyribo nucleotides in CD52high clone and primary B-chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells implicated potential in vivo application of this model for evaluation of CD52-targeted antibody and immunoliposomes encapsulating therapeutic agents. -
In Antithymocyte and Antilymphocyte Globulin: Possible Role for the Expansion of GPI-AP Deficient Cells in Aplastic Anemia Heike H
Antibodies to glycosylphosphatidyl-inositol anchored proteins (GPI-AP) in antithymocyte and antilymphocyte globulin: possible role for the expansion of GPI-AP deficient cells in aplastic anemia Heike H. Breitinger, Markus T. Rojewski, Hubert Schrezenmeier To cite this version: Heike H. Breitinger, Markus T. Rojewski, Hubert Schrezenmeier. Antibodies to glycosylphosphatidyl- inositol anchored proteins (GPI-AP) in antithymocyte and antilymphocyte globulin: possible role for the expansion of GPI-AP deficient cells in aplastic anemia. Annals of Hematology, Springer Verlag, 2009, 88 (9), pp.889-895. 10.1007/s00277-008-0688-0. hal-00535024 HAL Id: hal-00535024 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00535024 Submitted on 11 Nov 2010 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Ann Hematol (2009) 88:889–895 DOI 10.1007/s00277-008-0688-0 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Antibodies to glycosylphosphatidyl-inositol anchored proteins (GPI-AP) in antithymocyte and antilymphocyte globulin: possible role for the expansion of GPI-AP deficient cells in aplastic anemia Heike H. Breitinger & Markus T. Rojewski & Hubert Schrezenmeier Received: 19 September 2008 /Accepted: 18 December 2008 /Published online: 13 January 2009 # Springer-Verlag 2009 Abstract Antithymocyte globulin (ATG) and antilymphocyte immunosuppressive effects in treatment of aplastic anemia. -
Original Article Potential Biomarkers of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Discovered in Serum by Proteomic Array Analysis
Int J Clin Exp Pathol 2016;9(9):8922-8932 www.ijcep.com /ISSN:1936-2625/IJCEP0036540 Original Article Potential biomarkers of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis discovered in serum by proteomic array analysis Rui Niu1, Xiaohui Li2, Yuan Zhang3, Hui Wang1, Yongbin Wang1, Ying Zhang1, Wei Wang1 Departments of 1Respiratory Medicine, 2Nursing, 3Evidence-Based Medicine, Second Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong, China Received July 24, 2016; Accepted July 25, 2016; Epub September 1, 2016; Published September 15, 2016 Abstract: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a serious interstitial pneumonia leading to considerable morbidity and mortality. The unavailability of prompt biomarkers for IPF has hampered our ability to uncover preventive and therapeutic measures for this disease in a well-timed manner. The objective of this study was to identify valuable IPF associated blood biomarkers for stratifying patients and predicting outcome. By analyzing the expression of proteins in sera of 50 IPF patients and 10 healthy individuals using Biotin Label-based Antibody Array, we identified a signature of 46 differentially expressed proteins including 15 up-regulated and 31 down-regulated proteins as potential IPF biomarkers. The PPI network showed strong and complex interactions between identified biomarkers while functional enrichment analysis revealed their implications in 589 biological processes and 40 KEGG meta- bolic pathways. Western blotting and RT-PCR validation results corroborated with the microarray data. Our research unearthed candidate biomarkers with great potential for diagnosis of IPF and suggested that recombinant throm- bopoietin and anti-CCL18 antibodies, as well as other identified biomarkers may represent a novel advance in the medical treatment of patients with IPF. -
CLL/Mantle Cell Companion Add-On Flow Panel
CLL/Mantle Cell Companion Add-On Flow Panel Methodology Flow Cytometry Test Description Available as global and tech-only. This add-on panel is available to clarify findings on samples currently having flow cytometry analysis at NeoGenomics and is not available for stand-alone testing. Markers are CD3, CD5, CD19, CD22, CD36, CD43, CD45, CD52, CD200, and FMC7 (10 markers). This panel is not for detection of minimal residual disease. Clinical Significance This panel is helpful in differentiating CLL from MCL; in small CD10+ lymphoma (usually negative for CD43) versus large cell lymphoma and Burkitt's (40-60%+); in B-ALL vs. mature CD10+ lymphoma, especially in surface light chain negative cases; in HCL screening (extremely useful in rare CD5+ HCL cases); for evaluating heme versus nonheme cases (along with CD45) in ALCL, especially Null phenotype; and for granulocytic sarcomas (not all granulocytic sarcomas are CD34+, especially monocytic). CD43 is useful in identifying the myeloid/monocyte populations (e.g. myeloid sarcomas) and immature B cells. CD43 is also useful as an additional T-cell antigen for aberrant loss in T-cell lymphomas, NK cell antigen (e.g. CD3-CD43+), and in mature B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas, especially CLL/MCL (usually CD43+), FCL (usually CD43-) and HCL (usually CD43-). In combination with CD11c (part of our main panel), FMC7 and CD200 are extremely useful in separating CLL (including atypical CLL) from MCL by flow. Specimen Requirements Flow cytometry testing can be performed on bone marrow aspirate, peripheral blood, fresh bone marrow core biopsy, unfixed tissue, and body fluids. Please see full specimen requirements for either Standard Leukemia/Lymphoma Analysis or Extended Leukemia/Lymphoma Analysis as this add-on panel is available in combination with either of those full panels. -
Distinct Apoptotic Signaling Characteristics of the Anti-CD40
Published OnlineFirst May 24, 2011; DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-11-0479 Clinical Cancer Cancer Therapy: Preclinical Research Distinct Apoptotic Signaling Characteristics of the Anti-CD40 Monoclonal Antibody Dacetuzumab and Rituximab Produce Enhanced Antitumor Activity in Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Timothy S. Lewis1, Renee S. McCormick1, Kim Emmerton1, Jeffrey T. Lau3, Shang-Fan Yu3, Julie A. McEarchern2, Iqbal S. Grewal1, and Che-Leung Law1 Abstract Purpose: Individually targeting B-cell antigens with monoclonal antibody therapeutics has improved the treatment of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). We examined if the antitumor activity of rituximab, CD20-specific antibody, could be improved by simultaneously targeting CD40 with the humanized monoclonal antibody dacetuzumab (SGN-40). Experimental Design: Dacetuzumab was dosed with rituximab to determine the in vivo activity of this combination in a subcutaneous Ramos xenograft model of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). The effect of dacetuzumab on rituximab antibody-dependent cell mediated–cytotoxicity (ADCC), antiproliferative, and apoptotic activities were evaluated in vitro using NHL cell lines. Western blotting and flow cytometry were used to contrast the signaling pathways activated by dacetuzumab and rituximab in NHL cells. Results: The dacetuzumab-rituximab combination had significantly improved antitumor activity over the equivalent dose of rituximab in the Ramos xenograft model (P ¼ 0.0021). Dacetuzumab did not augment rituximab-mediated ADCC activity; however, these antibodies were additive to synergistic in cell- proliferation assays and produced increased apoptosis in combination. Rituximab signaling downregu- lated BCL-6 oncoprotein in a cell line–specific manner, whereas dacetuzumab strongly downregulated BCL-6 in each cell line. Dacetuzumab induced expression of the proapoptotic proteins TAp63 and Fas, whereas rituximab did not affect basal expression of either protein.