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Improving the Performance of Rail Fastening System Evaluation
PAPER Improving the Performance of Rail Fastening System Evaluation Tadashi DESHIMARU,Improving Track the StructurePerfo randm aComponentsnce of R Laboratory,ail Fast Trackenin Structureg Syst Divisionem Ev aluation Shingo TAMAGAWA, Track Structures and Components Laboratory, Track Technology Division Masato NOGUCHI, Track Structures and ComponentsTadashi Laboratory, DESHIMA TrackRU Technology Division Track Structure and Components Laboratory, Track Structure Division Hiroo KATAOKA, Track Structures and Components Laboratory, Track Technology Division Shingo TAMAGAWA Masato NOGUCHI Hiroo KATAOKA RegardingTrack St rJapaneseuctures a ntestd C methodsompone nforts Lrailabo fasteningratory, Tr systems,ack Tech itn owaslogy confirmedDivision that the rail tilting angle obtained in a biaxial loading test did not agree with the angle calculatedRegarding using Japanese a conventional test methods rail tiltingfor rail analysis fastening model. systems, To address it was confirmedthis problem, that a the rail tilting angle obtained in a biaxial loading test did not agree with the, angle calculated us- ing calculationa conventional method rail fortilting biaxia analysisl loading model. using To an address FEM analysisthis problem, model a calculationwhere various method for stiffnessbiaxial loadingproperties using regarding an FEM the analysisrail fastening model, systems where can various be expressed stiffness as properties non-linearity regard, - ing wasthe railproposed fastening and systemsits validity can was be expressedconfirmed. as non-linearitIn -
Advanced Prestressed Concrete
ADVANCED PRESTRESSED CONCRETE. Author: A.Pon Arul Yesu Raja, V.Manikandan. 3rd year Civil Engineering. College Name Here [email protected] Abstract: Pre-stressed concrete sleepers are the main components of railway track systems. To carry and transfer the dynamic wheel loads from the rails to the ground, their current design and construction are limited by allowable flexural stress constraints under service conditions. In current design practice for such a component, the dynamic load effects due to wheel/rail interactions are treated as a quasi-static load using a dynamic impact factor. Then, the allowable stresses eliminate a crack initiation. In reality, the impact events are frequently recorded because of the uncertainties of wheel or rail irregularities such as flat wheels and dipped rails. These effects cause cracking in the concrete sleepers, resulting in excessive maintenance. Limit states design philosophy for the pre-stressed concrete sleepers, containing ultimate and fatigue limit states, has been recently proposed based on structural reliability concept to rationalise the design method and minimise the maintenance.On the basis of probabilistic approach, the high-magnitude low-cycle fatigue limit states, which are more significant in terms of damage evolution, have been addressed in this article. Series of repeated impact tests for the in-situ pre-stressed concrete sleepers were carried out using the Australian largest high-capacity drop weight impact testing machine at the University of Wollongong. The impact forces have been simulated in relation to the probabilistic track force distribution obtained from a heavy haul rail network. This article focuses on the impact responses of the cumulatively damaged sleepers. -
United States Patent [191 [111 ' ' 4,239,156 Skinner Et A1
United States Patent [191 [111 ' ' 4,239,156 Skinner et a1. [45] Dec. 16, 1980 [54] PAD FOR RAILWAY RAIL FASTENINGS FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS [75] Inventors: David H. Skinner, Donvale; Jeffrey 2253360. 5/1974 Fed. Rep. of Germany l6/DIG. l3 H. Brown, Armadale, both of 186334 11/1963 Sweden .................................. .. 238/349 Australia 896471. 5/1962 United Kingdom . .. 238/283 [73] Assignee: The Broken Hill Proprietary 938736 10/1963 United Kingdom ................... .. 238/283 Company Limited, Victoria, Primary Examiner-Randolph A. Reese , Australia Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Cushman, Darby- & Cushman [21] Appl. No.: 968,813 [57] ABSTRACT [22] Filed:' Dec. 12, 1978 An insulation pad for rails on sleepers, the pad compris [30] Foreign Application Priority Data ing a base section adapted, in use, to be interposed be~ tween a rail and an underlying sleeper, and two upper Dec. 23, 1977 [AU] Australia ............................ .. PD2885 sections adapted, in use, to extend over the respective [51] Int. Cl.3 .............................................. .. E01B 9/68 upper surfaces of the rail foot, the upper sections being [52] US. Cl. .................................... .. 238/277; 16/150; formed integrally with the base section, wherein the 16/DIG. 13; 238/196; 238/197; 238/283 upper sections are hingedly connected to the respective ' [58] Field of Search ............. .. 238/264, 265, 275, 276, side edges of the base section, which hinges are formed 238/277, 283, 287, 310, 382, 154, 187, 195, 196, by sections of pad material of reduced thickness, and 197, 205, 349; 16/143, 150, DIG. 13; D8/323, wherein the upper sections and the associated side edges 325 of the base section adjacent the respective hinges incor porate interlocking knuckle and groove arrangements [56] References Cited for resisting differential movement between the upper U.S. -
Typical Questions 1
TYPICAL QUESTIONS 1. Describe various functions of rail. Compare Bull headed rail vis-à-vis flat footed rail. 2. Give the details of various standard rail section being used on Indian Railways for B.G., M.G. & N.G. 3. What are various type of rail joints which are provided on Indian Railway ? Give details of supported rail joints and suspended rail joints. 4. Describe briefly the composition of rail steel. Give briefly the purpose of various elements of rail steels. 5. What do you understand by creep of rails ? Discuss various causes of creep of rails and how does if affect the track ? 6. Discuss various methods of prevention of creep. 7. Write short notes on (i) Bull headed rails; (ii) Flat footed rails; (iii)Staggered rail joints; (iv) Square rail joints. 8. What are the main function of sleepers ? Describe briefly the requirements of an ideal sleeper. 9. What is the standard size of wooden sleeper being used on Indian Railways. Describe briefly the purpose of adzing and augering of wooden sleepers. 10. What do you understand by CST-9 sleepers ? Describe briefly the limitation of CST-9 sleepers. 11. Describe the design of steel trough sleeper with the help of sketch. What are the advantages and disadvantages of concrete sleeper. 12. What are the prohibited locations for laying of concrete sleepers ? Describe briefly salient fea tures of maintenance of concrete sleeper. 13. What is the function of fish plates ? Draw sketch of fish plate giving various elements of the same. 14. What is the difference between ordinary fish plate and combination fish plate. -
Track Report 2006-03.Qxd
DIRECT FIXATION ASSEMBLIES The Journal of Pandrol Rail Fastenings 2006/2007 1 DIRECT FIXATION ASSEMBLIES DIRECT FIXATION ASSEMBLIES PANDROL VANGUARD Baseplate Installed on Guangzhou Metro ..........................................pages 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 PANDROL VANGUARD Baseplate By L. Liu, Director, Track Construction, Guangzhou Metro, Guangzhou, P.R. of China Installed on Guangzhou Metro Extension of the Docklands Light Railway to London City Airport (CARE project) ..............pages 8, 9, 10 PANDROL DOUBLE FASTCLIP installation on the Arad Bridge ................................................pages 11, 12 By L. Liu, Director, Track Construction, Guangzhou Metro, Guangzhou, P.R. of China PANDROL VIPA SP installation on Nidelv Bridge in Trondheim, Norway ..............................pages 13,14,15 by Stein Lundgreen, Senior Engineer, Jernbanverket Head Office The city of Guangzhou is the third largest track form has to be used to control railway VANGUARD vibration control rail fastening The Port Authority Transit Corporation (PATCO) goes High Tech with Rail Fastener............pages 16, 17, 18 in China, has more than 10 million vibration transmission in environmentally baseplates on Line 1 of the Guangzhou Metro by Edward Montgomery, Senior Engineer, Delaware River Port Authority / PACTO inhabitants and is situated in the south of sensitive areas. Pandrol VANGUARD system has system (Figure 1) in China was carried out in the country near Hong Kong. Construction been selected for these requirements on Line 3 January 2005. The baseplates were installed in of a subway network was approved in and Line 4 which are under construction. place of the existing fastenings in a tunnel on PANDROL FASTCLIP 1989 and construction started in 1993. Five the southbound track between Changshoulu years later, the city, in the south of one of PANDROL VANGUARD TRIAL ON and Huangsha stations. -
Railroad Track Structure System Design Chairman: Thomas P
A2M01: Committee on Railroad Track Structure System Design Chairman: Thomas P. Smithberger Railroad Track Structure System Design THOMAS P. SMITHBERGER, HDR Engineering, Inc. DAVID C. KELLY, Illinois Central Railroad ALFRED E. SHAW, JR., Shaw Engineering In the new millennium, designs for improved railroad track structure systems will increasingly be needed to ensure system safety, reliability, and profitability as the railroads strive to compete with other transportation modes for the movement of freight and passengers. Design improvements will be focused primarily on accommodating increased vehicle weights, faster operating speeds, and reduced track maintenance cycles. History supports this prediction. Design maximum axle loadings have increased over time, from 30 kips in 1880 to 50 kips in 1906 to 80 kips today (1) (1 kip = 1,000 lbs). Furthermore, the Association of American Railroads predicts that annual railroad train miles will grow from approximately 500 million in 1997 to more than 600 million by 2002, an increase of approximately 20 million train miles per year (2). [A corresponding growth in annual railroad tonnage, measured in million gross tons (MGT), will also occur.] A reemergence of passenger rail, operating jointly on trackage with freight traffic, will be part of this train-mile (and MGT) increase. Continued growth of commuter rail traffic around major urban areas, coupled with the proposed development of incremental high-speed intercity passenger rail corridors, will add to the total rail traffic on the U.S. railroad network. Innovative designs will be required to support this growth, both by increasing capacity in a cost-effective manner and by improving the performance of existing track. -
Rail Fastening System KS with SKL W12 for Wooden Sleepers and Bearers
ISRAEL RAILWAYS LTD. INFRASTRUCTURE DIVISION Technical Specification for Manufacture and Supply of Rail Fastening System KS with SKL W12 for Wooden Sleepers and Bearers No. E-01-0001.1 December 2019 ISRAEL RAILWAYS LTD Rail Fastening System KS with SKL W12 for Wooden Sleepers No. E-01-0001.1 December 2019 CONTENTS 1. SCOPE ........................................................................................................ 2 2. REFERENCE DOCUMENTS ........................................................................ 2 3. DEFINITIONS ............................................................................................. 4 4. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS ....................................................................... 5 5. SUB-COMPONENTS - REQUIREMENTS ..................................................... 6 5.1. TENSION CLAMPS ..................................................................................... 6 5.2. BASE PLATES............................................................................................. 7 5.3. DOUBLE SPRING WASHERS ...................................................................... 8 5.4. SLEEPER SCREWS ................................................................................... 10 5.5. T-HEAD BOLT AND NUTS........................................................................ 11 5.6. FLAT WASHERS ....................................................................................... 13 5.7. RAIL SEAT PADS..................................................................................... -
Rail Transit Track Inspection and Maintenance
APTA STANDARDS DEVEL OPMENT PROGRAM APTA RT-FS-S-002-02, Rev. 1 STANDARD First Published: Sept. 22, 2002 American Public Transportation Association First Revision: April 7, 2017 1300 I Street, NW, Suite 1200 East, Washington, DC 20006 Rail Transit Fixed Structures Inspection and Maintenance Working Group Rail Transit Track Inspection and Maintenance Abstract: This standard provides minimum requirements for inspecting and maintaining rail transit system tracks. Keywords: fixed structures, inspection, maintenance, qualifications, rail transit system, structures, track, training Summary: This document establishes a standard for the periodic inspection and maintenance of fixed structure rail transit tracks. This includes periodic visual, electrical and mechanical inspections of components that affect safe and reliable operation. This standard also identifies the necessary qualifications for rail transit system employees or contractors who perform periodic inspection and maintenance tasks. Scope and purpose: This standard applies to transit systems and operating entities that own or operate rail transit systems. The purpose of this standard is to verify that tracks are operating safely and as designed through periodic inspection and maintenance, thereby increasing reliability and reducing the risk of hazards and failures. This document represents a common viewpoint of those parties concerned with its provisions, namely operating/ planning agencies, manufacturers, consultants, engineers and general interest groups. The application of any standards, recommended practices or guidelines contained herein is voluntary. In some cases, federal and/or state regulations govern portions of a transit system’s operations. In those cases, the government regulations take precedence over this standard. The North American Transit Service Association (NATSA) and its parent organization APTA recognize that for certain applications, the standards or practices, as implemented by individual agencies, may be either more or less restrictive than those given in this document. -
Railway Technology Review
ISSN 0013-2845 September 2015 Railway Technology ETR Review INTERNATIONAL EDITION Planning ETCS Innovation in track components Inspection and maintenance Hybrid Drive Economic The next step - Ecologic Ergonomic The Hybrid Machine Sylomer® under-sleeper pads Use of Sylomer® under-sleeper pads to reduce ballast wear on a Scandi- navian heavy-haul railway line The heavy-haul railway line between Luleå and Narvik can conveniently be considered in two parts: the Swedish section (Malmbanan) and the Norwegian section (Ofotbanen). This line has been carrying continuously increasing loads, and so the infrastructure manager decided in 2014 to insert under-sleep- er pads as a means of improving the quality of the track geometry. This decision was influenced by the positive experience that the Austrian Federal Railways (ÖBB) had had with the use of pads under con- crete sleepers and also by projects such as Innotrack and RIVAS. This article contains a brief description of the Iron Ore Line in Scandinavia and the challenges due to heavy train loads. It also explains how under-sleeper pads work and describes the approaches tried out for switches and crossings. 1. OVERVIEW AND FACTS irunavaara Aktiebolag), the Swedish opera- Mag.(FH) Harald Steger Product management tor of the iron mines. These last-mentioned Getzner Werkstoffe GmbH Malmbanan is a railway line providing a trains can have up to 68 wagons with an axle [email protected] route for heavy freight trains in the north of load of 30 t and they run over Malmbanan Scandinavia, linking the sea ports of Luleå at 60 km/h in a laden state and at 70 km/h if (Sweden) and Narvik (Norway). -
Railway Investigation Report R04t0161 Derailment
RAILWAY INVESTIGATION REPORT R04T0161 DERAILMENT CANADIAN NATIONAL FREIGHT TRAIN Q-111-31-25 MILE 184.4, BALA SUBDIVISION BURTON, ONTARIO 25 JULY 2004 The Transportation Safety Board of Canada (TSB) investigated this occurrence for the purpose of advancing transportation safety. It is not the function of the Board to assign fault or determine civil or criminal liability. Railway Investigation Report Derailment Canadian National Freight Train Q-111-31-25 Mile 184.4, Bala Subdivision Burton, Ontario 25 July 2004 Report Number R04T0161 Summary At approximately 0923 eastern daylight time on 25 July 2004, Canadian National freight train Q-111-31-25, proceeding northward at 43 mph, derailed 13 multi-platform intermodal cars carrying 88 containers at Mile 184.38 of the Bala Subdivision near Burton, Ontario. Approximately 2300 feet of track was destroyed. There were no injuries. No dangerous goods were released. Ce rapport est également disponible en français. - 2 - Other Factual Information The Accident On 25 July 2004, at approximately 0923 eastern daylight time,1 Canadian National (CN)2 expedited intermodal freight train Q-111-31-25 (the train) departed Parry Sound, Ontario, destined for Winnipeg, Manitoba (see Figure 1). The train consisted of 2 locomotives, CN 2542 and CN 5546, and 28 loaded intermodal cars, a mix of single-platform, three-platform, and five-platform articulated well cars. It was 5919 feet long and weighed approximately 5750 tons. The train crew was composed of a locomotive engineer and a conductor. They met fitness and rest standards and were familiar with the subdivision. The conductor, designated by CN as a conductor locomotive operator (CLO),3 was at the locomotive controls. -
TR PANDROLTEXT Zanas New
by ?, address 1 TRACK SUPPORT SYSTEMS An Investigation into the reduction of short pitch corrugation formation in Milan Underground ....................................................................................................................................................pages 3, 4, 5 & 6 by G Diana, M Bocciolone, A Collina, Politecnico de Milano, Department of Mechanics, Italy The Tseung Kwan O Extension for MTR Corporation Limited, Hong Kong ....................................pages 7, 8, 9 & 10 by Hayden Kingsbury, Engineering Manager, Barclay Mowlem The PANDROL VIPA System on the Podpec˘ Steel Bridge, Slovenia..............................................................pages 11 & 12 by Igor Basa,˘ Chief of the Postojna, Track Maintenance Section, Slovenian Railways PANDROL VANGUARD on Railtrack ...............................................................................................................................pages 13 & 14 by Derek Brimicombe, Railtrack Thameslink 2000 Project PANDROL VANGUARD Baseplate ..................................................................................................................pages 19 & 20 15 & 16 PANDROL FASTCLIP PANDROL FASTCLIP on Banestyrelsen..............................................................................................................................page 17 & 8 by Jan Faister Hansen, Banestyrelsen PANDROL FASTCLIP Baseplate Assembly on SEPTA ...............................................................................................pages19 & 20 by Tony -
HSL Report Template. Issue 1. Date 04/04/2002
Harpur Hill, Buxton, SK17 9JN Telephone: 01298 218000 Facsimile: 01298 218590 E Mail: [email protected] A survey of UK tram and light railway systems relating to the wheel/rail interface FE/04/14 Project Leader: E J Hollis Author(s): E J Hollis PhD CEng MIMechE Science Group: Engineering Control DISTRIBUTION HSE/HMRI: Dr D Hoddinott Customer Project Officer/HM Railway Inspectorate Mr E Gilmurray HIDS12F Research Management LIS (9) HSL: Dr N West HSL Operations Director Dr M Stewart Head of Field Engineering Section Author PRIVACY MARKING: D Available to the public HSL report approval: Dr M Stewart Date of issue: 14 March 2006 Job number: JR 32107 Registry file: FE/05/2003/21511 (Box 433) Electronic filename: Report FE-04-14.doc © Crown Copyright (2006) ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS To the people listed below, and their colleagues, I would like to express my thanks for all for the help given: Blackpool Borough Council Brian Vaughan Blackpool Transport Ltd Bill Gibson Croydon Tramlink Jim Snowdon Dockland Light Railway Keith Norgrove Manchester Metrolink Steve Dale Tony Dale Mark Howard Mark Terry (now with Rail Division of Mott Macdonald) Midland Metro Des Coulson Paul Morgan Fred Roberts Andy Steel (retired) National Tram Museum David Baker Geoffrey Claydon Mike Crabtree Allan Smith Nottingham Express Transit Clive Pennington South Yorkshire Supertram Ian Milne Paul Seddon Steve Willis Tyne & Wear Metro (Nexus) Jim Davidson Peter Johnson David Walker Parsons Brinkerhoff/Permanent Way Institution Joe Brown iii Manchester Metropolitan University Simon Iwnicki Julian Snow Paul Allen Transdev Edinburgh Tram Andy Wood HM Railway Inspectorate Dudley Hoddinott Dave Keay Ian Raxton iv CONTENTS 1 Introduction.............................................................................................................