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A Guide to Environmental Noise Measurement Terminology

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A Guide to Environmental Noise Measurement Terminology A Guide to Environmental Noise Measurement Terminology A summary of parameters and functions shown by the Optimus® Sound Level Meters and Trojan Noise Nuisance Recorder A FREE eBook from The Noise Experts Environmental Noise Terminology An Introduction Most noise measurement equipment is capable of measuring, recording and storing a wide range of parameters. Some of our more advanced instruments can measure and store over 100 different noise parameters at the same time! There are different versions of all of these instruments and some may not show all of the parameters listed in this booklet. This eBook covers essential noise terminology, as well as listing all of the parameters that you may see displayed by the Optimus Sound Level Meters and the Trojan Noise Nuisance Recorders, with an emphasis on the parameters applicable to environmental noise measurements. A brief explanation of each parameter is provided along with additional information where appropriate. If you need a more detailed description of any parameter or you have any questions, please ask us and we will be happy to help. You can contact us through our website at www.cirrusresearch.co.uk/support or email us at [email protected]. For Cirrus Customers, The Details View on the Optimus and Trojan instruments will show the capabilities fitted to that instrument so you can see what features are available. © 2016 Cirrus Research plc . E&OE. Environmental Terminology Guide/01/16/01 A Cirrus Research plc, the Cirrus Research plc Logo, doseBadge, DOSEBADGE, Optimus, Revo, VoiceTag, AuditStore, Acoustic Fingerprint, the NoiseTools Logo and the Noise-Hub Logo are either registered trademarks or trademarks of Cirrus Research plc in the United Kingdom and/or other countries. All other trademarks acknowledged. Any Questions? Share: Visit: www.cirrusresearch.co.uk/support Page 3 A Guide to Environmental Noise Measurement Terminology Key Noise Parameters Term Description ‘A’ Weighting ‘A’ Weighting is a standard weighting of the audible frequencies designed to reflect the response of the human ear to noise. The ‘A’ Frequency Weighting network is the most widely used, and is used to represent the response of the human ear to loudness. Measurements made with this frequency weighting will be displayed as dB(A) or dBA. For example, as LAeq, LAFmax, LAE etc where the A shows the use of ‘A’ Weighting. ‘C’ Weighting ‘C’ weighting gives much more emphasis to low frequency sounds than the ‘A’ weighting response and is essentially flat or linear between 31,5Hz and 8kHz, the two -3dB or ‘half power’ points. In addition, Peak Sound Pressure measurements are made using the ‘C’ Frequency Weighting. Measurements made with this frequency weighting will be displayed as dB(C) or dBC. For example, as LCeq, LCPeak, LCE etc where the C shows the use of ‘C’ Weighting. ‘Z’ Weighting This has replaced Linear or Flat, and is defined as being a flat frequency response of 8Hz to 20kHz ±1.5dB. Measurements made with this frequency weighting will be displayed as dB(Z) or dBZ. For example, as LZeq, LZFmax, LZE etc where the Z shows the use of ‘Z’ Weighting. 10 0 -10 -20 -30 -40 -50 -60 -70 -80 A-Weighting C-Weighting Z-Weighting Any Questions? Share: Visit: www.cirrusresearch.co.uk/support Page 4 A Guide to Environmental Noise Measurement Terminology Term Description Fast, Slow and The Time Weightings of Fast, Slow and Impulse are defined by the Impulse Time standards to which the instrument are designed, such as IEC 61672, and they Weightings determine the “speed” at which the instrument responds to changing noise levels. For example, an instrument set to Fast will respond quickly to changes in the noise level, whereas an instrument set to Slow will respond more slowly. If the noise level is constant, both instruments will display the same level. An instrument set to Impulse will respond very quickly to an increase in the noise level, but will take much longer to fall when the noise level decreases. Time weighting is only applied to Sound Level, Maximum Sound Level and Minimum Sound Level. Also, the Ln Percentile Levels are calculated from Sound Level, and therefore are also affected by the selected Time Weighting. Measurements parameters that use these time weightings will show this, for example, as LAFmax which shows that the values are the maximum A-Weighted Fast Time Weighted sound levels. Equivalent Leq is the equivalent continuous sound level, and represents the total Continuous sound exposure for the period of interest or an energy average noise level Sound Level (Leq) for the period of interest. Leq is often described as the “average” noise level during a noise measurement which although not technically correct, is often the easiest way to think of Leq. If the noise is varying quickly, the average energy over a period of time is a useful measurement parameter and it is for this reason Leq is often called the Equivalent continuous level. Leq values should be written with a Frequency Weighting, such as dB(A) and also the measurement duration. For example, LAeq, 5min = 90dB Any Questions? Share: Visit: www.cirrusresearch.co.uk/support Page 5 A Guide to Environmental Noise Measurement Terminology Term Description Peak Sound This function is often confused with the maximum Sound Level. Whereas Pressure the maximum is the highest sound level, the Peak level is the actual peak level of the pressure wave. The reason for this is that the maximum sound level is the RMS level with a time constant (F,S or I) applied, whereas the Peak is the highest point of the pressure wave before any time constant is applied. The measurement of Peak sound pressure levels is required by the UK Noise at Work regulations where it is C-weighted. In this case, the value would be written as LCPeak = 134dB. 1:1 &1:3 Octave When detailed information about a complex sound is needed, the Band Filters frequency range can be split into sections, or frequency bands. A sound level meter may provide 1:1 (or single) octave band filters or 1:3 (or third) octave band filters. An Octave is a frequency band where the highest frequency is twice the lowest frequency. For example, an octave filter with a centre frequency of 1kHz has a lower frequency of 707Hz and an upper frequency of 1.414kHz. A Third Octave Band is 1/3 the width of an Octave Band. An instrument with 1:1 octave band filters, such as the Optimus CR:162C, would typically provide 10 bands from 31.5Hz to 16kHz. An instrument with 1:3 octave band filters, such as the Optimus CR:171B, would typically provide 33 bands from 12.5Hz to 20kHz although some additional bands such as 6.3Hz, 8Hz and 10Hz may also be available. Any Questions? Share: Visit: www.cirrusresearch.co.uk/support Page 6 A Guide to Environmental Noise Measurement Terminology Instrument Views The Optimus Sound Level Leters and Trojan Noise Nuisance Recorders provide a range of Views or Screens that show the measurement information. This section describes what each of these screens shows. Some screens, such as the 1:3 octave band view and the Ln view, are only available on certain instruments such as the Optimus Green instruments. The General View on the Optimus instruments shows the capabilities of that specific instrument. Term Description General View The information view pages on the Optimus Sound Level Meters. These screens show information about the instrument such as the serial number, calibration information and measurement storage space. Sound Level View The Sound Level View provided by the Optimus Sound Level Meters. These screens provide a display of the Sound Level and include values such as LAF, LAS, LAFmax and LAFmin. Leq View The view of the integrated sound level shown as Leq. When the instrument is not measuring, this view will show the 1 second Leq samples and can show this with A, C or Z frequency weighting. When the instrument is measuring, the primary number is the cumulative Leq (A, C or Z weighted) with the LCPeak and C-A values shown. LAPeak, LAE, LCeq and LCE values are also available. A graph of the 1 second LAeq and LCPeak values is also shown. 1:1 Octave Band The view in the Optimus Sound Level Leters that displays the 1:1 Octave View Band Filters 1:3 Octave Band The view in the Optimus Sound Level Meters that displays the 1:3 Octave View Band Filters Ln View The view in the Optimus Sound Level Meters that shows the calculated Statistical or Ln values. Data is only shown when the instrument is measuring. Up to 28 values may be displayed depending upon the instrument type. The data being used to calculate the Ln values is shown at the top of the screen. The default is to use the LAF at a data rate of 1/16 second. Any Questions? Share: Visit: www.cirrusresearch.co.uk/support Page 7 A Guide to Environmental Noise Measurement Terminology Term Description Dose View The view in the Optimus Sound Level Leters that shows a range of occupational noise exposure values. The values shown in this view are determined by the Quick Settings options chosen. Environmental A summary view combining a range of measurement parameters relevant to View environmental noise (Available in firmware version v2.9 or later) Noise Nuisance A summary view the presents the overall noise measurement parameters View for Noise Nuisance applications (Trojan & Trojan2 instruments only) Measurement Parameters This section shows the measurement parameters that are available in the Optimus Sound Level Meters, the Trojan and Trojan2 Noise Nuisance Recorders and the doseBadge Noise Dosimeter.
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