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Home , It Will Rain, Liquor Store Blues, Runaway Baby, Sweet 7, Talking to the Moon, The Lazy Song

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION

This chapter discusses the background of the problem, formulation of the problem, the aims of the research, the usefulness of the research, the theoretical foundation, methodology of the research, and literature view. 1.1 Background Of The Problem Literature is an abroad media to express their feelings, throughts, experiences and also to share each other by using literature. Moreover, with literature they express their thoughts not only use ordinary language but also they can use extra ordinary language, because literature is the art of language. Concept of what is literature change over time as well. What may be considered ordinary and not worthy of comment in one time period may be considered literary genius in another. Generally, most people have their own ideas of what literature is. When enrolling in a literary course at university, you expect that everything on the reading list will be “literature”. Similarly, you might expect everything by a known author to be literature, even though the quality of that author's work may vary from publication to publication. Perhaps you get an idea just from looking at the cover design on a book whether it is “literary” or “pulp”. There is also general agreement that literature foregrounds language, and uses it in artistic ways. Terry Eagleton goes some way towards a definition of literature and its relationship to language: “Literature transforms and intensifies ordinary language, deviates systematically from everyday speech”. Just as architecture is the art form that arises out of the human ability to create buildings, literature is the art form that arises out of the human ability to create language. The common definition of literature, particularly for university courses, is that it covers the major genres of poetry, drama, and novel/fiction. The term also implies literary quality and distinction. This is a fairly basic view of literature because, as mentioned in the introduction, the meaning of the term has undergone changes, and will no doubt continue to do so. Most contemporary literary histories show a shift from the belles-lettres tradition, which was concerned with finding beauty, an elevated use of language, emotional effects and moral sentiments before something could be called literature. The three main ways of approaching a definition of literature are relativism, subjectivism and agnosticism. With relativism, there are no value distinctions in literature; anything may be called good literature. Subjectivism, as the term implies, means that all theories of literary value are subjective, and that literary evaluation is a purely personal matter. Agnosticism follows from subjectivism, though it argues that though there may be real distinctions in literary value, our subjective value systems prevent us from knowing anything about the real values. Literary works convey the author‟s thought as his/her reflection from real life that it has been seen, read, heard and experienced. Literary also can be view as something which has any correlation with identity of nation or a group of society. Literary is unique language which is used in systematic pattern to express the complex feeling and ideas of the author. One of the easiest kind of literary work people make is lyric or lyric which convey feelings, thoughts, life or real life experiences related with social life. Today, song lyric can be said as literary work offers a model of real life as well as the literary work, it also a part of poetry, because it is constructed by intrinsic elements, such as plot, theme, character, setting, point of view, and consist of massages. Moreover, the extrinsic elements include the author‟s background, the environment conditions, social life, and politics ideology and so on. Therefore, those elements make song lyrics more factual to audiences. They as if had faced trouble to life chronology with plot so that they get the whole meaning and sense of the song lyric. Lyric can be defined as subject poems, often brief, that express the feeling and throughts of a single speaker (who may or may not represent the poet) the lyric is more a poetic manner than a form. Lyric is called poetry because it is conducted to express joy, sadness, doubt, wonder, decision, and surprise. Thus, lyric is a simplest poem of language. Poems which are commonly called lyrics have been written to express joy, sadness, doubt, decision, ennui, wonder, dissapointment, and surprise. The lyric is the most common of all poetic forms. When people think of poetry, that which comes most readily to mind is a lyric poem. Lyric are among simplest poems of he language. Lyric is takken from french “lyrique” that firstly taken from old French of a lyre, also taken from latin “Lyricus”, and from greek “Luricos” from word “lura”, “Lyre”. The word lyrick was used for the words of a popular song about 1876 for the first time Song lyric is as well as lyric in poetry is a creation including author‟s subjective feelings and expressions. It originally designed to be sung to musical accompaniment. For some people, music is considered as a reaction of art which is made to entertain the human in the happy and sad situation. Music becomes one of the entertainment media for them. For song writers, music is one of the media to communicate their restiveness, anger, dissapointment and hopefulness to something that has happened or will be happend around them. It usualy has implicit and explicit meaning even it can be abstract as to be complitely unintellegible. It consists of words written as well as music going together or as the additional in music itself. Having different characteristic, song lyric differs from a massage and it needed special approach to interpret its meaning and essense a song lyric. As the result, it is not easy to see when someone likes and hears a song lyrics we could not say tha he or she gets the meaning and messages that have within the lyric. As the literary works, song lyric has proportion as the art that having rich meaning and relatively to understand by everyone. It containing of composition of words that is delivered by rhytem and convey messages contain problems of human life, such as: social condition, religion, history, family, social status, love, etc. it is an expression of author‟s feeling; nerves, anger, dissapointment, and expectation to everything has happend around him or her. The author conveys his or her thoughts and feeling within stanzas so as to audiences get the messages of the lyrics. It can be a real life condition and the environment, society, sadness, and dissapointment to the leader and goverenment. The author represent every troubles and deviation that occur in real life through the lyric. So, lyric is one of the media to communicate their ideas or feeling in short, lyric can not be separated with literary and it can be analyzed by using one of approaches of literary criticism like sociology of literature. An author is also the member of society, who has to establish a communication between the author and the reader. Through the communication, it literary work can distribute to the reader as the devotee of literature. In the communication process, the author has been sending a message to the reader. The author rests on extrinsic elements that includes social and culture aspects, and completed by intrinsic elements such as plot, character and characterization, setting, point of view and so on as the project of their works. In this thesis, the researcher interested in analyzing the content of the lyrics that found in ‟s lyrics. This thesis will discuss historical background of he composer created , figurative laguange, the problem that found on the lyrics “” and criticism analysis from that song lyric. The lyric of song that the researcher analyze are Bruno Mars‟s song lyrics. The researcher choose these song because there are figurative language. There are some song lyrics will be discuss in this thesis such as in the Doo wops & hooligans there are 10 song lyrics entitled “Grenade”, “Just the way you are”, “Our first time”, “”, “”, “”, “”, “”, “Count on me”, “ The other side”. The focus of the research is what types of figurative language found in the song lyrics, and the relationship between figurative language and the songs of Bruno Mars. Therefore the resercher is interested to carry out an analysis of figutarive language on Bruno Mars‟s lyric of this thesis entitled “AN ANALYSIS OF FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE IN BRUNO MARS‟S SONG LYRICS”. 1.2 The Identification of the Problem The formulation of the problem is required to give clarification about the study which will be investigated. Than the research arrange the formulation of the problem referred to the background of the problem above, those are : 1.2.1 The Field of the Research The field of the research is literature 1.2.2 The Kinds of the Problem This study entitled “AN ANALYSIS OF FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE IN BRUNO MARS’S SONG LYRICS”. The research focuses on the lyrics of the songs that contain figurative language and content analysis. From the title of the thesis and background of the problem in which have explained, the researcher finds out and list several problem to be identified in this study , they are : 1.2.2.1 What are the types of figurative language used in the lyrics of Bruno Mars‟s songs in Doo_wops & hooligan album? 1.2.2.2 What are the relationship between figurative language and the songs of Bruno Mars in Doo wops & Hooligans album?

1.2.3 The Main of the Problem In Bruno Mars‟s songs used many figurative language in the lyrics. the song writer used the figurative language in their song to make song more dramatic and also the figurative language in the song of Bruno Mars make beauty and romantic lyric. But most listener do not understand with the meaning that implied in the song lyric sung by Bruno Mars. So, the main problem in which will be investigated and analyzed in this research is the lyrics of Bruno Mars‟s song entitled “Grenade”, “Just the way you are”, “Our first time”, “Runaway baby”, “the lazy song”, “Marry you”, “Talking to the moon”, “Liquor store blues”, “Count on me”, and “ The other side” that contains figurative language and analysis content all of them. In this research the researcher will analyzing the type of figurative language that used in the lyrics and content of the songs. 1.3 The limitation of the problem The research focuses on her observation and analysis of figurative language and analisis content in the Bruno Mars‟s song lyrics entitled “Grenade”, “Just the way you are”, “Our first time”, “Runaway baby”, “the lazy song”, “Marry you”, “Talking to the moon”, “Liquor store blues”, “Count on me”, “ The other side”, and “It will rain”. The sources data of the research are all the Bruno Mars‟s song lyrics entitled“Grenade”, “Just the way you are”, “Our first time”, “Runaway baby”, “the lazy song”, “Marry you”, “Talking to the moon”, “Liquor store blues”, “Count on me”, and “ The other side”, that contain figurative language and analysis conent. And in this research also supported by the song lyrics. 1.4 The Questions of the Research Based on the background above and the identification of the problem that mentioned in proper with the research of “AN ANALYSIS OF FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE INBRUNO MARS‟S SONG LYRICS”. the researcher has formulated some question: 1) What are the types of figurative language used in the lyrics by Bruno Mars‟s song in doo_woops & hooligan album? 2) What are the relationship between figurative language and the songs of Bruno Mars? 1.5 The Aims of the Research The aims of this study are related to the problem formulated above. They are : 1) To find out the types of figurative language found in the Bruno Mars songs 2) To find out the relationship between figurative language and the songs of Bruno Mars 1.6 The Usefulness of the Research This research is very useful for the listener, the students of IAIN Syekh Nurjati and fans of the Bruno Mars‟s songs, because with the research we can know the background of the songs according to the researcher, especially in Bruno Mars songs entitled “Grenade”, “Just the way you are”, “Our first time”, “Runaway baby”, “the lazy song”, “Marry you”, “Talking to the moon”, “Liquor store blues”, “Count on me”, and “ The other side”. With this research, we can know the types of figurative language that contained in the lyrics of Bruno Mars‟s songs and also we can know the content of the songs in Bruno Mars‟s song especially in Doo-Woops &hooligans album. 1.7 The Theoretical Foundation In previous point in this chapter, the background of the research was sketched, research aims, research question and usefulness of the research were stated. At this point, this research describes the biography of Bruno Mars, the nature of literature and the definition of music. 1.7.1Biography of Bruno Mars Full Name : Peter Gene Hernandez Popular Name : Bruno Mars Date of Birth : October 8, 1985 Place of Birth : Honolulu, Hawaii Occupation : Singer, singer, , Genre : Pop, alternative hip-hop, soul, R & B Instruments : Vocals, drums, guitars, keyboards, bass Years active : 2007-present Label : , Website : Brunomars.com Peter Gene Hernandez, better known by the name of Bruno Mars was born on October 8, 1985 in Honolulu, Hawaii. He is a singer of Pop, Hip-Hop, Soul, R & B and songwriter California, United States. His father, Pete, a New Yorker, is a percussionist. His mother, Bernie, bloody Filipino descent “Puerto Rico”, was a hula dancer. Bruno Mars began his career in 2006, after finishing school, he was moved to Los Angeles. Then he became acquainted with Aaron Bay Schuck, who eventually became his manager and offered a contract under the auspices of “Atlantic Records”. Bruno began his career as a songwriter for other singers. Alexandra Burke's album („Perfect‟ from “Overcome”), Travie McCoy (“We'll Be Alright from” Lazarus), Brandy (Long Distance from“Human”), four songs for the album Tomorrow belongs to , also mega hit Right Round of the album ROOTS by Flo Rida. He is the bomb. In 2009, Bruno Mars was a guest appearance on the album “Far East Movement” “Animal” in the song 3D, and also the debut of “Jaeson Ma” Love. Grammy Awards 2011, Bruno emergence in six categories including “Best Rap Song, Best Rap / Sung Collaboration”, and “Record Of The Year” for “Nothin On You”, “Record Of The Year” and “Song Of The Year” to “F-k You” sung by Cee-Lo Green, “Best Male Pop Vocal Performance” for Just the Way You Are, and “Producer of the Year Non-classical” for trio . In 1985-2005: Early his life Do not judge his Musicality, because he also came from a family who likes art, especially music. His father, Pete, a New Yorker, is a percussionist. His mother, Bernie, bloody Filipino descent “Puerto Rico”, was a hula dancer. Pete and Bernie have 6 children and introducing them to different types of music, , rock, hip hop, and R&B. Especially for her son Peter Gene Hernandez, Pete called him by the name of Bruno, since the age of 2 years, the baby stocky, similar to the days of the famous wrestler, Bruno Sammartino. The name was later chosen as a stage name. And when thinking about the last name to Bruno, he immediately thought of the girl who says she is not from the earth, which then makes it occurred to Mars. And so, Peter Gene Hernandez became Bruno Mars, as we know, he was born 8 October 1985 and in the 25 years of his life, almost everything has been done in order to hone his musical abilities. From a young age, he has appeared imitate and sing the songs of , Elvis Presley, , Temptations danThe. At the age of school, he deepened his interest to Elvis, as well as expand his musical knowledge through Prince and The Police.

In 2006-2008: Early His Career After finishing school, he was moved to Los Angeles to realize his American Dream. And Lady Luck sided with him, when in 2006 he became acquainted with Aaron Bay Schuck, who later became his manager and offered a contract under auspices of “Atlantic Records”. Bruno Mars are in the right track towards success! What should he do as a first step to achieve its goals in this industry? Not necessarily be a singer, Bruno started to write songs for other singers. In the credit to appear on the album Alexandra Burke (Perfect from “Overcome”), Travie McCoy (We'll Be Alright from “Lazarus”), Brandy (Long Distance from “Human”), four songs for album “Tomorrow” belongs to Sean Kingston, also mega hit Right Round of the album “ROOTS” by Flo Rida. He is the bomb. And if that is not enough, he also donated his work to the album entitled “Sweet 7”, is the single “” which is the last work of the girl group with an original member in it, “”. Bruno began testing his vocal abilities by providing backing vocals on the song. In addition, with Philip Lawrence and Ari Levine formed the trio “The Smeezingtons” who produced most of the writings of Bruno. In 2009-present: Doo-wops & Hooligans Album The more confident about his ability behind the scenes, why not show up as a guest vocal. Thus began the emergence of the name of Bruno Mars as a guest appearance for the album “Far East Movement” “Animal” in the song 3D, and also the debut of “Jaeson Ma” Love. Indeed, this is still lacking popularity Bruno lifted to the surface, but then, no one can stop it. We first know himself and his vocal is strong and sexy than the single number 1 “BoB,” Nothin On You also Travie McCoy‟s solo debut‟ Billionaire. We made more interested in him than in both the single main presenter. And this is all enough to be a solid foundation for performing himself.Just The Way You Are was released in the middle of last year. And the result is bigger than ever. So the winners in the various charts in various parts of the world. This song has a powerful chorus, melody and lyrics are memorable, and display the best of Bruno Mars. “He is on the way to the top and there‟s no sign of stopping!” For the Grammy Awards in 2010, we made were stunned by the appearance of Bruno Mars in 6 categories. “Best Rap Song, Best Rap / Sung Collaboration”, and “Record Of The Year” for “Nothin On You”, “Record Of The Year” and “Song Of The Year” for “F-k Yousung by Cee-Lo Green, “Best Male Pop Vocal Performance” for Just The Way You Are, and “Producer of the Year Non-classical” for trio The Smeezingtons. This could be adding a collection of awards she won, having previously won the Soul Train Music Awards. His debut album “Doo-wops & Hooligans” which contains 10 tracks was released in late January 2011 in Indonesia. And in a festive welcome to the success of the man‟s real name is Peter Gene Hernandez, the CreativeDisc select it as a spotlight for a whole month in the Artist Of The Month! Second single “Grenade” was less successful baseball. So number 1 in the charts in various countries in Europe, Australia, Asia, and America. 1.7.2 The Nature of Literature Talking about literature the people have to know the meaning of literature. Its concern is with experience through the writer‟s imagination. According to Meyer (1997 : 1), literature is a term use to describe written text marked by careful use of language, including features such as creatuve metaphors, well-turned phrases, elegant syntax, rhyme, alliteration, which are aesthetically read or intended by the author to be aesthetically read and are deliberately somewhat open in interpretation. Literature is always interesting because it is the expression of thought, feeling and attitude weather in writing or speaking such as the process of observation of the social event as living the impact of the reality and restlessness of human being. In oxford burner‟s pocket dictionary (2005:251), literature is writings that are valued as work o art, especially fiction, drama and poems. By using literature, the wtiter can communication everything that exist in their min. The literature of knowledge has effection of teach us. It present fact ideas or occasion, a description of person or place, the explanation of the scientific process, the discussion of political issues,etc. And the literature imagination has aim to arouse our thought. It interest experience by fiction presentation of person. It means that we can apply what we think from our imagination, what we know and what we thing happen surrounding us or our experiences by writing. Literature comes from society, which is described by the writer in their work. Beside the existence of social reality, a writer in creating their work is also influenced by their imagination. This imagination is being influenced by the experience of the writer‟s life and the existence of life reality. Based on the explanation above, the researcher can make conclusion that literature is including of literature for education or literature for creativity. In this case, there are also such kind of literature that become society complaint that literature is the result of the writer‟s creative imaginaton or the result of the the writer‟s cteative imagination or the result of writer‟s society for society. 1.7.3 The Nature of Music Music is a super-stimulus for the perception of musicality, where musicality is actually a perceived property of speech. Musicality refers to the property of music that determines how good it is, how strong an emotional effect it has, and how much we enjoy listening to it. Music also is the art of arranging tones in an orderly sequences so as to produce a unified and continuous composition. At state by Charlton G. Laird(495:1971) music is a combination of tune and rhythm. In reality, musi does not have any one concrete meaning. Music has different meaning for different people. Music is unique in each person‟s life. To a musician , music is their life, their eat, their breath, and live music. Music is pure magic. It is a wonderful gift to humanity. Music moves us, and soothes us. It stimulates. It makes us want to dance or sing. It makes us feel happy or sad, inspired or uplifted. It affects our mood in all kinds of infinite ways. According to researcher music is a mystery, a code. A vehicle of spirit and soul. It is perceived through hearing the vibration of sound, the most sublime resonance from the eardrum to the brain. Music moves us beyond intellect to the heart.Music is a friend, a companion, a guide and a teacher. In webster‟s new world dictionary (984:1991), music is the art and science of combining vocal or instrumental sounds or tune in varying melody, harmony, rhythm and thimbre. Music is a means of relaxation for some, while other simply enjoy listening to the sounds, melodies and rhythm that music bring to their ears, mind, and hear. There are so many genre of music out there today. Rap, pop, rock, country, indies, alternatives, hardcore are some of the abundant types in the world. Music sends out either good or bad messages that have big impacts on how people act. People usually become friends with other who have a same taste in music as the rest of the people they hangeout with , or it can be vice versa. People my not want to associate with people who have different tastes in music because they will argue about what they think is better but its just their own opinion. Rap and pock music are two very important types of music in the world. They both sendout different messages and help kids. The lyric sung or rapped by the artists can be thing going on in their own personal lives, and people with the same types of problems can listen to them so they know theirs hope and theirs people like this out there in the world. There are the genre of music : 1) Pop The first genre in music is Pop. is more than likely, an abbreviation for popular music. Unlike much rock music, whose lyrics tend to be very anti establishment, event outright nihilisic. Pop music generaly focuses in having fun. Themes generaly about dancing and partying and essential living the good live, but occasionally, the subject matter can be more serious. Generally, pop song are designed so that the tune will get stuck in the listener‟s head. Like all music, it is very hard to naildown a perfect exmple. Pop is even more difficult, since it has a lot of cross-over status. Virtually any artists of any genres can produce a “pop hit” by creating big impression. On the charts. For the example, Michael Jackson has been called “The King of Pop”, yet most will argue that his style was more R&B or soul. The “Queen of Pop” Madona would probably fall more under this category, as would the “Pop Princess” Britney Spears. The recent success of Justin Timberlake has made him the “Prince of Pop”. 2) Jaz Jaz had many influences all along the East Coast of the USA, but most will claimthat its greates influence stemmed from new Orleans. When Jaz first began, it was often look down upon by concervatives who believed it carried a bad influence. As a result, Jazz was often played in seedier bars and nightclub. Despites the shunning of the majority, jazz band and club thrived underground. A change came about it in the beginning of 20th century when Caucasian people began to listen to big band music , adapting African-American dance styles. Prohibition also contributed to the flourishing of Jazz, due the number of places that opened up selling illegal liquor and playing Jazz music, the instrumental of Jazz is Trumpet, Clarinet, Piano, Saxophone, Double bass, Soon audiences of all races warned to Jazz music, with the advent of radio bringing its unique sound to the pubic. To a large extent Jazz evolved from the blues, but is generally a lot more upbeat and laid back. Jazz has a dedicated following of music lovers who appreciate the skill and talent displayed in the extensive improvisation by musician, with virtually no two performancesbeing exactly the same. One of the great Jazz band leaders of that times was Paul Whiteman, who became known as “The King of Jazz”. Banny Goodman, was one of the first white bandleaders to hire black musicians, including the great Lionel Hampton. Other great names to come from this era were king Oliver, Fletcher Henderson, and Duke Ellington. Jazz grew in popularity during the depression, and it was a major player in the formation of swing in the forties. 3) Hip Hop Hip hop music takes its roots from Jamaican reggae and dancehall music that was quite popular in the late 1960s. It was mainly originated in Jamaica and was later spread to America and much later all over the world. The music became quite popular African Americans and Latinos. There are very few musical instruments used in order to create hip hop music. Most of the sound is synthetic which comes out of synthesizers, drum machines, turntables, samplers and many more such machines. Hip hop has not just been a musical genre but it has been a movement. It has been a platform through which artists have been cautioning people about the ills of the society. The reason why hip hop music is so popular among African Americans is because that is the only way they can reach out to the people and share their problems with them. Through music, they are able to show the world that they are incorrectly interpreted and wished they don‟t be treated as a minority. Hip hop has been a rising force to one and many. 4) Reggae Reggae is a first developed in Jamaica in the late 1960s.While sometimes used in a broad sense to refer to most types of popular Jamaican dance music, the term reggae more properly denotes a particular music style that evolved out of the earlier genres and rocksteady.Reggae as a musical term first appeared in print with the 1968 rocksteady hit “Do the Reggay” by The Maytals, but there are many different theories as to how the term originated. The music itself was faster than rocksteady, but tighter and more complex than ska, with obvious debts to both styles, while going beyond them both. Reggae is played in 4/4 time because the symmetrical pattern does not lend itself to other time signatures such as 3/4 time. One of the most easily recognizable elements is offbeat rhythms; staccato chords played by a guitar or piano (or both) on the offbeats of the measure, often referred to as the skank.This rhythmic pattern accents the second and fourth beats in each bar and combines with the drum's emphasis on beat three to create a unique sense of phrasing. The tempo of reggae is usually slower than ska and rocksteady, it is this slower tempo, the guitar/piano offbeats, the emphasis on the third beat, and the use of syncopated, melodic bass lines that differentiate reggae from other music, although other musical styles have incorporated some of these innovations.Reggae sometimes uses the dominant chord in its minor form therefore never allowing a perfect cadence to be sounded. 5) Alternative_Rock Alternative rock (also called alternative music, alt rock or simply alternative) is a genre of rock music that emerged from music underground of the 1980s and became widely popular by the 1990s. The alternative definition refers to the genre's distinction from mainstream rock music, expressed primarily in a distorted guitar sound, transgressive lyrics and generally a nonchalant, defiant attitude. The term‟s original meaning was broader, referring to a generation of musicians unified by their collective debt to either the musical style, or simply the independent, D.I.Y. ethos of punk rock, which in the late 1970s laid the groundwork for alternative music.At times, alternative has been used as a catch-all description for music from underground rock artists that receives mainstream recognition, or for any music, whether rock or not, that is seen to be descended from punk rock (including some examples of punk itself, as well as new wave, and post-punk). alternative rock has been largely defined by its rejection of the commercialism of mainstream culture, although this could be contested ever since some of the major alternative artists have achieved mainstream success or co-opted with the major labels from the 1990s onwards (especially since the new millennium and beyond). Alternative bands during the 1980s generally played in small clubs, recorded for indie labels, and spread their popularity through word of mouth. As such, there is no set musical style for alternative rock as a whole, although in 1989 asserted that the genre is “guitar music first of all, with guitars that blast out power chords, pick out chiming riffs, buzz with fuzztone and squeal in feedback.” More often than in other rock-styles since the mainstreaming of rock music during the 1970s, alternative rock lyrics tend to address topics of social concern, such as drug use, depression, suicide, and environmentalism, this approach to lyrics developed as a reflection of the social and economic strains in the United States and United Kingdom of the 1980s and early 1990s. 6) Metal Metal‟s style began with group like Led Zeppelin and Black Sabbath. Some sa Jimmy Hendrix was one of the greatest Metal influences, due to his out of control use of the guitar. Metal group would get a wide range of sounds and electronic distortions out of the electronic guitar. It‟s was not long before there were bands such as Deep purple, Ozzies Osborne, and Judas Priest who would do this exclusively. Metal bands were usualy not seen Pop chart, but there were those such as Metallica, Iron Maiden, and Pantera. The Metal culture and clothing is quite similar to Punk. Somethimes white make up is applied , as well the big , out of control hair. The stereotypical cloting generally consists of a Black T-shirt from a Metal band concert and jeans. Metal 1980n lyric usually do not hold back om saying that the world is not anice place, and often do not give any hope. Rock and roll has reveived much criticism from Christian and concervative group who say that the messages is that of the devil, but they are nothing compered to the feelings stired up by Heavy Metal. 7) Blues Blues stared sometimes after the Emancipation Proclamation, from song sung by African-American during slavery. Some of the origial blues lyric were often filled with racy images, leading to it often being shunned by conservative groups. The than budding reord industry of the 20th did not see much of a differences between the Blues and another up and coming music genre, they also categorized it as “race music”, much the same as R&B. The blues has its roots in African-American folksong, adding in some European melodies. It is usually played with guitar, anjo and the harmonica using technique from other genres, such as the gospel technique of call and respondise, and the trademark 12-bar rhythm.

8) R&B R & B (stands for rhythm and blues) is a popular music genre combining Jazz, gospel and blues, which was first introduced by African-American musician. In 940n bands Jordans, Tympany Five (1938) consist of him selt as a vocalist and sax player and other musicians as the trumpeter, tenor, saxophone, piano, bass and drums. In 1948, Luis Jordan dominated the top five R&B charts with three songs and two of his songs based on the rhythm of the famous boogi-woogiein. 9) Folk song Folk song or folk music song regionalism, is the song that comes from a certain are and became popular both sung by the people of the ares as well as other people. Regionalism songs similar to the nation anthem, but the status is only a regionalism alone. Regionalism song usually have the lyrics in accordance with their respective regional language such as BubuyBulan from Bandung, KeloasAtiSunKayaKeloas from West Java, WaroengPojok from Cirebon, AmparAmparPisang from Sumatera, Apuse from Papua. Folk song of folk music are typically arise and sung or played on certain traditions in each region during sleep, children‟s games, entertainment, people, party people and so forth. Folk music includes both traditional music and the genre that evolved from it during the 20th century folk revival. The term originated in the 19th century but is often applied to music that is older than that. Some types of folk music are also called world music. 1.7.4 The Nature of Song Song is a composition for voice performed by singing or alongside musical instruments. A choral or vocal song may be accompanied by musical instruments, or it may be unaccompanied, as in the case of a cappella songs. Song is a set of a word short poem to be sung with accompanying music and it‟s relatively short musical composition from human voice. In oxford learner‟s pocket dictionary (2008:432) “song is short piece of music with word that you sing”. From that statement, we know that song is shows somthing which are not showed in daily language. It‟s mean that the language of song is not focusing in one thing. It can have some meaning depend on the listener interpret about mesages on the song. Because by a song , they can express what they feels creatively as like as the poem of the author. So song is similar with poem. According to Encyclopedia America, 1997 : 1220, song is short musical work sets to a poetic text, with equal importance given to music and to the words, i is generally permormed with instrumental accompaniment. A song is a piece of music for accompanied or unaccompanied voice/voices or, “the act or art of singing,” but the term is generally not used for large vocal forms including opera and oratorio. However, the term is, often found in various figurative and transferred sense (e.g. for the lyrical second subject of a sonata).The noun “song” has the same etymological root as the verb “to sing” and the Oxford English Dictionary (OED) defines the word to mean “that which is sung” or “a musical composition suggestive of song.” The OED also defines the word to mean “a poem” or “the musical phrases uttered by some birds, whales, and insects, typically forming a recognizable and repeated sequence and used chiefly for territorial defence or for attracting mates.” From the devinition above, the writer makes conclution that song is a musical composition of poetic lric. Songs are typically for a solo singer, though may also be in the form of a duet, trio, or composition involvingmore voices. 1.7.5 The Nature of Lyric Lyrics are a set of words that make up a song, usually consisting of verses and choruses.The meaning of lyrics can either be explicit or implicit. Some lyrics are abstract, almost unintelligible, and, in such cases, their explication emphasizes form, articulation, meter, and symmetry of expression. According to Robert DiYanni (2004 : 538) we can define lyrics as subjective poems, often brief, that express the feelings and thoughts of a singer speakers who may or may not represent the poet). Lyrics often contain political, social, and economic themes as well as aesthetic elements and so, can communicate culturally significant messages.These messages can be explicit, or implied through metaphor or symbolism. Lyrics can also be analyzed with respect to the sense of unity (or lack of unity) it has with its supporting music. Lyric as the lyre meant to be sung that directly express thoughts and sentiments and it can be a cry straight from the heart defines by Lewis (2006 : 26). Furthermore, Lewis adds that a lyric is ot only for a song but also for the verbal for musical industry. Lirics mean verbal arrangement that has some word which has interesting meaning. Related to poem, a lyric is a poem, such as a sonnet or an ode, which expresses the thoughts and feeling of the poet. As a text, a song lyric expresses its meaning in the relationship between the readers and texts. Chandler (2005) in his journal text and the construction of meaning, the range of theories about where meaning emerges in the relationship between the readers and the texts can be illustrated as a continuum between two extreme position respectively. Based on the definition above, the researcher can conclude that lyrics are the word of song which showed the expression personal thought, feeling emptionand perceprion by contribution become a music of song in general, the researcher can conclude that lyric is a short poem written to be sung. It is an experssion of the individual‟s emotion and feeling rather than external events or attitudes. 1.8 Previous Study of The Research There are some research related to the present research. All of the thesis that the reseacher found in the library almost the thesis with entitled about figurtive language, for example, The previous research is done by Alif Alfian (2011) from IAIN Syekh Nurjati Cirebon entitled The Fugurative Language In The Music Entitled The Day You Went Away by M2M. His study is attempt to find figurative language that use in the song also the meaning of each figurative language in M2M‟s song‟s entitled the day you went away. Beside that , there is the thesis by Mohammad Qushoy (2010) from Universitas Islam Negeri Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta with entitled about A Social Criticism Analysis On Eminem‟s Song Lyric “Mosh”. Through this study, she also attemted to find contextual meaning of the figurative language in Eminem‟s song. In the result of the research, he found kind of figurative languagethat use in Eminem‟s song are Aphostrophe, simile, metaphor, personification, symbol, allegory, situational Irony, methonymy, synecdoche, sarcasm. In the other research, thesis by Dian Siti Khodijah (2010) from IAIN Syekh Nurjati Cirebon also analyzes the figurative language within nirvana‟s song entitled the figurative language in Nirvana‟s song. The result of the research is Nirvana‟s song use more alliteration, anaphora, assonance, metaphor, hyperbole, paradox, personification and synecdoche in their song lyric. Based on definition above, the researcher is sure that her research has not been analyzed yet. Therefore, the researcher is going to analyze about content of the Bruno Mars‟s song lyrics. In this research, the researcher discusses the content of song lyrics by Bruno Mars and also the figurative language and the critic of Bruno Mars lyric entitled It Will Rain. 1.9 The Method Of The Research 1.9.1 The Objective of the Research The objective of the research is to know the background of the songs according to the researcher, to find out the types of figurative language that contain in the lyrics from Bruno Mars‟s songs, and to know the content of the song who research by the researcher. 1.9.2 The Object of the Research The object of this research is some song lyric from Bruno Mars with album Doo-Wops & Hooligans entitled “Grenade”, “Just the way you are”, “Our first time”, “Runaway baby”, “the lazy song”, “Marry you”, “Talking to the moon”, “Liquor store blues”, “Count on me”, “The other side”. In this research just taken ten songs from Doo-Wops & Hooligans album, they are songs entitled “Grenade”, “Just the way you are”, “Our first time”, “Runaway baby”, “the lazy song”, “Marry you”, “Talking to the moon”, “Liquor store blues”, “Count on me”, and “ The other side”. The researcher choose this songs because they are the hits songs from the album Doo-Wops & Hooligansand and the song also contain many figurative language in the lyrics. Because of it, so , its very interesting research subject to researcher. 1.9.3 The Method of the Research This research applies qualitative method. Alison Mackey and Susan M. Gass (2005:162) qulitative researh is associated with arrange of different methods, perseptives, and approach. John W. Creswell (1998:455) qualitative reseacrh is an inquary of understanding based on distinct methodological traditions of inquiry that explore social or human problem. The researcher build a complex, holistic picture, analyze word, reports detealed views of informants, and conducts the study in natural setting. M. Djunaedi Ghony and Fauzan Almanshur (2012:29) said Qualitative research has two main objectives : first, to describe and disclose. Secondly, to describe and explain. The researcher decides to describe the kinds of figurative language and also its meaning that contain in the lyric. With those matters, the researcher wants to find the beauty of lyric. To analyze the figurative language that contain in the song lyrics, the resercher use content analysis method. The method of content analysis enables the researcher to include large amounts of textual information and systematically identify its properties, such as the frequencies of most used keywords by locating the more important structures of its communication content. Such amounts of textual information must be categorised to provide a meaningful reading of content under scrutiny As a technique, content analysis involves specialized procedures, it is learnable and divorceable from the personal authority of the research. As a research technique, content analysis provides new insights, increases a researcher‟s understanding of particular phenomenon, or informs practical actions. Content analysis is a scientific tool. Berelson‟s original definitions of content analysis ia an example of the first kind, Berelson (1952) defined conten analysisas “a research technique for the objective, sistematic and quantitative description of the manifest conten of communication. Analysis of the content is a model study of a relatively new literature can be seen from the objectives to be revealed. Basically, the content analysis in the field of literary works belonging to attempt an understanding of aspects of the extrinsic aspects surrounding the outside aesthetics of the literary structure, dissected, internalized, and discussed at length. Extrinsic elements that attracted literary attention enough content analysis, among others, include: a moral / ethical, educational, philosophical, religious values, historical values,, and so on. In other words, researchers have utilized the content analysis when about to disclose the content of the value tertentudalam literature. In a content analysis usually symbolic. So, no other content analysis tasks to reveal subtle symbolic meanings in literature. To note, that the use of content analysis is not limited to classical works which purportedly assumed high value. The works were produced instead of a poet too can pull content analysis researchers. Content analysis in the literature based on three important assumptions literature is the phenomenon of covert communication messages, it contains valuable content for readers. This kind of literary study, the epistemological is that many pnelitian using positivistic understanding. Analysis should base the principle of objectivity, systematic, and generalization. Objectivity, pursued through building a theoretical construct reliable analysis. Systematically, because it uses clear steps. Generalization, based on the context of the literary work as a whole to obtain inference. 1.9.4 The source of the Data 1.9.4.1 Primary Data The primary data in this research were taken from some song lyrics from Bruno Mars debut album Doo-wops & Hooligans. all of the lyrics of Bruno Mars‟s song which became the object of this research were taken from official website of Bruno Mars. In this research, the researcher justtaken ten songs from Doo-wops & Hooligans album entitled “Grenade”, “Just the way you are”, “Our first time”, “Runaway baby”, “the lazy song”, “Marry you”, “Talking to the moon”, “Liquor store blues”, “Count on me”, and “The other side”. 1.9.4.2 Secondary Data The secondary data in this research were taken from the magazine and official website of Bruno Mars www.brunomars.com and also taken from article in the internet that discuss about Bruno Mars. 1.9.5 The Instrument of the Research In this research, the researcher uses human as the instrument according to Bodgan and Biklen (1982:27), qualitative research has the natural setting as the direct sourch of data and the researcher is the key instrument. Because in qualitative ,methodology the researcher as the instrument is impossible to be change with other instrument. According to Lincoln and Guba (1985), there are many reason why the key of qualitative instrument is human. They state in Yatim Rianto‟s book Methodologi Penelitian Pendidikan Kualitatif dan Kuantitatif that follow : 1) Instrument is not human it is impossible to adapt with the fact will be happen. 2) All the instrument has interaction with respondences and the research object, but only the human as the instrument who can understand and evaluate the different interaction. 3) Instrument disturbance which prevent interactionbetween the element can be exposed, understandable and evaluate. (2007:23) 1.9.6 The Technique of Collecting Data In collecting data, the researcher does the following ways, the researcher applies the library research method to find and collect the data, both primary and secondary data. The writter searches for some references related to investigated problem. This lybrary research is to support her ideas in the study. Data source can be taken from lybrary source such as books, magazine, newspaper, official document and daily notes. And in this research also applies content analysis. The lyric of songs are copied from official website of Bruno Mars (www.brunomars.com) therefore, the researcher does the step as following : 1) Listening song from Bruno Mars‟s songs entitled “Grenade”, “Just the way you are”, “Our first time”, “Runaway baby”, “the lazy song”, “Marry you”, “Talking to the moon”, “Liquor store blues”, “Count on me”, and “ The other side” 2) Reading the lyric of Bruno Mars‟song lyric entitled “Grenade”, “Just the way you are”, “Our first time”, “Runaway baby”, “the lazy song”, “Marry you”, “Talking to the moon”, “Liquor store blues”, “Count on me”, and“ The other side” 3) Identifying all the lyric of Bruno Mars‟s song “Grenade”, “Just the way you are”, “Our first time”, “Runaway baby”, “the lazy song”, “Marry you”, “Talking to the moon”, “Liquor store blues”, “Count on me”, and “ The other side” 4) Giving underline to the lyric contained figurative languages. 1.9.7 The Technique of Analysis Data In analyzing the lyrics of Bruno Mars‟s songs, the researcher focuses the types of figurative language and the content of the songs. The data is descriptively analyzed. After finding the occurences of the researcher focuses like figurative language and content of lyrics in the data source and jotting them down, the firstly step in the analysis is identifying the background of the songs. Secondly step analysis of figurative language found, and the last step is analysis of content lyrics. Each song was separately analyzed and the background information related to the songs was obtained from some relieble sites and presented to support the analysis of the contextual meaning of the figurative language, content lyrics, and background of the song according to the researcher.