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A Cytological Investigation of Flowering Plants from the Canary Islands

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A Cytological Investigation of Flowering Plants from the Canary Islands A cytological investigation of flowering plants from the Canary Islands J.Chr. van Loon Instituut voor Systematische Plantkunde, afdeling Biosystematiek, Utrecht SUMMARY The chromosome numbers of 85 species of flowering plants from the Canary Islands were determined; 5 ofthe counts turned out to be new. from proved occur Notes onsome species are given. Numbers deviating previous counts to in Polycarpaea divaricata (Pit.) Poir. and Koeleria phleoides(Vill.) Pers. 49 counts are new for the Canary Islands and are listed in table 2. 1. INTRODUCTION Since 1932 several investigators carried out cytological studies on the flora of the Canary Islands and Macaronesia in general. A good many counts were per- formedby Larsen (1960, 1962, 1963), Borgen(1969, 1970) and Bramwell etal. (1971, 1972). In order to understand the cytogeography of a species it is neces- its whole sary to carry out extensive investigations throughout area. Therefore, listed this studiedin connection with most of the investigated taxa in paper were the European flora. Moreover, it becomes clear from literature studies that the Islands had deter- chromosome number of many species of the Canary been and in from outside these islands. mined only once before many cases regions decided number of Therefore the present author to study a species cytologically in order to obtain a better insight into the distribution of the various cytotypes and problems of intraspecific cytological variation. 2. MATERIAL AND METHODS island of Most seed samples were collected by the author on the Lanzarote (May 1972), the driest island with the poorest vegetation. Many seeds were also collected on Tenerife which has a luxuriant vegetation; the numbers 14186, 14187, 14190, 14193, 14198, 14203 were obtained by the generosity of the curator of the Jardin de Aclimatacionde Orotava, Tenerife.The seeds were sown in the experimental greenhouse of the Botanical Garden of the State University, Utrecht. After reared in germination the seedlings were pots. Root tips were fixed in Karpechenko’s fixative, embedded in paraffin-wax, sectioned at 15 mi- method. cron, and stained according to Heidenhain’s haematoxylin slides in of the Microscopical are preserved the Biosystematics Department Institute of Systematic Botany, Utrecht. Voucher specimens are deposited in 114 J. CHR. VAN LOON both the collection of the Biosystematics Department and the herbariumof the State University, Utrecht. 3. RESULTS The chromosome numbers are presented in table 1, together with the voucher number. The species are arranged alphabetically according to family and genus. The nomenclatureis in accordance with that used in Flora Europaea as far as published. For literature references the reader is referred to compilation works, such as Fedorov 1969 (F.) and Moore 1973, Regnum Vegetabile 90 (RV. 90). Counts in these works recorded not listed are by the name of the author. New counts are marked with an asterisk. New records for the Canaries are listed in table2. 4. COMMENTS ON SOME SPECIES Caryophyllaceae Thell. - - Minuartia geniculata (Poiret) Lanzarote 2n = 18 Favarger recorded the (1962) chromosome number n = 9 for Minuartia maroccana Pau & Font Quer, which is identical with Minuartia geniculata (Poir.) Thell. var. font-queri Maire. The origin of this material is unknown. This new count the existence of basic supports a number 9 in the genus. Chr. Sm. - Tenerife - Polycarpaea carnosa 2n = 18 Larsen (1960, 1962) recorded 2n = 18 for both varieties ofPolycarpaea carnosa: var. spathulata Svent. and var. carnosa. The material originated from the islands of Gomera and Tenerife, respectively. - Polycarpaea divaricata (Pit.) Poiret Tenerife - 2n = 18 recorded 2n = Larsen (1960) c. 26 for plants from Tenerife. The chromosome number 2n = 18 was found in plants from two localities on the island of Tenerife.Larsen mentionedthe difficulty he had in cultivating the seedlings and the few root tips that were available. The plants cultivated in the Botanical Gardenof Utrecht well. The seeds grew very were sown in February and the first flowers appeared in the first week of May. It is highly probable that Larsen found a triploid population at Buenavista. For that reason more populations should be investigated cytologically. = Silene longicaulis Pour. - Lanzarote - 2n 24 This had species not been previously investigated. The same chromosomenum- ber was found in most species of Silene. Compositae - = Hedypnois rhagadioloides (L.) Willd. Lanzarote - 2n 11, 12 Fernandes & Queiros (1972) recorded for material from Portugal the chromo- some numbers2n = 8, 11, 13, and 15. They also found mixed populations with A CYTOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION OF FLOWERING PLANTS FROM THE CANARY ISLANDS 115 9 12.12, 11, = 11, = 8, n 24; nn = 21 = 30 44; = 18; 2n = 30 90: 18; 2n 2n 1971: 44 54 24 12; 2n n = = 2n = = 9 22 90; RV. = = = RV. = 90: 2n 2n 90:90; 2n = 1972; 2n 2n 2n = Petit 2n 2n 2n n RV. 76; n RV. 2n 90: 90:90; 90; 2n RV. & RV. 2n c.c. 90:90; References 20 1971; IB; References 20 1971; 1971: 1971: 90: RV. 72 RV. 90; 1971; 84; RV. 72, 72 RV. 36; RV. QueirosQueirós 18 RV. + == al. al. al. 60; Delay 46, RV. = 48, 24, 36: RV. 12 & 26 et 54; et et == Strid 14,42, 18 30,60; 2n 36,44; 30, 18 18 18; 36,44; 22,24, 18, c. 2n 24, c. 22, 18, 22; 32 12, 9 2n = 90:2n=18 10; = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = 90: 90: 2n 24, 8,10; 15 2n 2n 2n 24, 8, n 2n 2n 2n 2n 2n 2n Dahlgren 2n 2n Dahlgren F.2n=2n Bramwell 2n 2n 2n Fernandes F. F. F.n F. F.2n F. F.2n RV. F. RV. 23, F. 12, 13, F. F. F. F. F. F. F. F. F. F. F. F. F.2nF. 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 2n 84 18 18 60 18 18 18 24 18 18 20 2020 18 18 76 44 54 24 18 22 32 c. 11,12 m 300 m 500 Cruz CruzCruz Mountain, Forest, Cruz Famara RinconRincön Cruz Cruz Cruz CruzCruz Origin la lala Famara la Famara la la la lala de dede de dede de de de dede Playa YaizaYaiza Famara Haria Teguise Playa ValleValle Teguise Playa Haria Teguise Teguise Puerto PuertoPuerto Teno Mercedes Teno Puerto MercedesMercedes Puerto PuertoPuerto Puerto Mercedes Puerto Tenerife, Lanzarote, Tenerife, Lanzarote, Lanzarote, Tenerife, Tenerife, Tenerife, Lanzarote, Lanzarote, Tenerife, Lanzarote, Lanzarote,Lanzarote, Lanzarote, Lanzarote, Tenerife,Tenerife, Lanzarote, Tenerife, Tenerife, Tenerife, Lanzarote, Tenerife, Tenerife, Lanzarote, Voucher 14141 14054 14143 1407214072 14121 14186 14126 14187 14097 14034 14162 14029 1410314103 14095 14033 1413114131 14118 14144 14138 14147 14094 14129 1413214132 14091 Heyw. Reut. Thell. & Poiret Willd & Pers. L. (L.)Wt\\i DC.DC. BallBall Sm. L’Hér. Blake (L.) (Ait.) (Poiret)(Poiret) (L.)(L.) Chr. Boiss. Moench Species L. L. Lois. Curt. Pour. L. a Pour. canariense coronariun (Rafiin.) lobelioides s aspera carnosa divaricata floras asper proliferaprolifera fimbriata L.L. rhagadioloides geniculala radiantsradiatu cheiranthifoliacheiranthifoUa arvensis melitensismelilensis tomentosalomenlosa ciliata hes tenuiflorustenui longicaulis pilosa 1. Achyranthes WahlenbergiaWahlenbergialobelioides Minuartia geniculata Polycarpaea PolycarpaeaPolycarpaea HelianthemumHelianthemum ChrysanthemumChrysanthemum Amaranthaceae Achyrant CampanulaceaeCampanulaceae Caryophyllaceae Minuarlia PetrorhagiaPetrorhagia Polycarpaea *SileneSilene Spergularia Compositae Anacyclus AndryalaAndryala Bidens Calendula Carduus CentaureaCentauren Galactites Galinsoga Hedypnois Table * Cistaceae Compositae 116 J. CHR. VAN LOON = 112; 2n 18 18; 18; 18 80, 90: = 18 = == 90: 96, 18; 16 34;34; 22 18 48 2n = 2n 16; 34; 9 11 1212 RV. 16; = 34 = 9; = 8 = 9,2n 9,2n = 8 64, = 9, 2n = 9, =18; = = = = = = = = = 2n 2n n 2n 56; = 2n 2n 2n = == 2n 48, 2n n nn n n 2n 2n 2n 2n n 2n2n n 2n 1971: 2n n n 2n 32,48, 1971: 1971; 1971: 1972: 1971: 18 1971: 1971; References 90: 90: 1971: 90; 90; 90: 1971: 1971: 90; 90:90; 1971: 28,42, 90: 1971: 16,32, 1971: = 1972: 18; = al. al. 18; al. 22; al. al. RV. RV. Lassen 8 RV. RV. etal. RV. 2n RV. RV. RV. 14,16, et et al. = et = Petit et et = Boulos Petit 14,21, Petit 18; 18; & 16; 34; et 2n 22; 18; 18 12;12; 18; 16; 12,12,14, n 2n & & 1971; & & = = = = = = = = = = = 90:90:n = 90:90:2n = = = 90:90:2n = == = = 2n 2n 2n DAHLGRENetal. 2n 2n 2n 2n 2n 2n 2n 2n DAHLGRENetal. 2n DahlgrenDahloren Dahlgren Dahlgren 2n 2n Dahlgren 2n 2n Dahlgren Nilsson RV. Kramer RV. Roux Delay Strid RV.RV. Delay Dahlgren Delay Dahlgren F. F. F. F. F. F. F. F. F. F. 28 F. F. 28 18 14 18 16 16 34 18 22 18 18 1212 18 14 16 16 32 2n2n 28 2222 20 m m m m 300 250 350 250 Mountain,Mountain, Mountain, RinconRincön Mountain, Rincön Cruz Mountain, Origin Famara Famara Famara la Famara Famara FamaraFamara Famara Famara FamaraFamara de de Famara de CaletaCaleta Famara Playa Playa Famara Valle Famara Playa Valle Famara Playa Playa Playa near Teguise Playa Playa Famara Playa Puerto La Playa Lanzarote, Lanzarote, Lanzarote, Lanzarote, Lanzarote, Lanzarote, Lanzarote,Lanzarote, Lanzarote,Lanzarote, Tenerife, Lanzarote, Lanzarote, Lanzarote, Lanzarote,Lanzarote, Lanzarote, Lanzarote, Lanzarote, Lanzarote, Lanzarote, Lanzarote, Lanzarote,Lanzarote, Voucher 14082 14021 14027 14058 14101 14075 14023 14100 14164 14070 14106 14079 14032 14056 14123 14093 12962 13324 14063 14042 Bip. Sch. (Webb)Webb) Berth. f. Bolle & ( Aschers. Webb Aschers. Berth. MaireMaire Webb Hook. Bip.)nip.) Roth Gaertn. Webb L. & Scop. & (L.) Species DC. (Vent.) (L.) (L.) (Vent.) (L.) L. intermedium (Sch. Willd. L. Webb L. (L.) L. gossypinumgossypinum siculus canariense L. L. rupestre ligulataligulata tingitana fruticulosafruticuhsa raphanistrum irio paralias annuaannua nudicaulis integrifolia marianum congestus maritima lybica laevis HelichrysumHeiichrysum Phagnalon var. Erucastrum Launaea *Odontospermum Phagnalon ReichardiaReichardia Reichardia Silybum Sonchus Convolvulaceae Convolvulus Cruciferae Cakile Erucastrum Lobularia Matthiola Raphanus Sisymbrium Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia MercurialisMercurialis FrankeniaceaeFrankeniaceae Frankenia*Frankenia * Cruciferae * A CYTOLOGICALINVESTIGATION OF FLOWERING PLANTS FROM THE CANARY ISLANDS 117 14; 18 = 1971: 1972: 90: 14;14; 28; 28 == 14, Dahlgren 2n = 18;18; 2n al.
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