WASH Situational Overview: Whole of January 2019 The conflict in Syria has created and exacerbated large-scale DEMOGRAPHICS MAP 1: PROPORTION OF HOUSEHOLDS WHOSE PRIMARY WATER MAP 2: PROPORTION OF HOUSEHOLDS SPENDING GREATER humanitarian needs around water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) for SOURCE WAS WATER TRUCKING THAN 10% OF HOUSEHOLD INCOME ON WATER the country’s population. In order to understand the WASH needs and Self-reported displacement Population distribution by gender and age: conditions of the Syrian population, between April and July 2018 the status of households: WASH cluster partners conducted a survey of over 24,000 households 49% 51% in 3,560 communities across 264 sub-districts in all 14 governorates Male Female in Syria. The data represented below is aggregated to the country 2+12+17+6+9+5 AL-HASAKEHAL-HASAKEH AL-HASAKEHAL-HASAKEH * 2% 60-100 2% ALEPPOALEPPO ALEPPOALEPPO and governorate level. Findings are representative at the sub-district 71% RP AR-RAQQAAR- AR-RAQQAAR-RAQQA level with a confidence interval of 95% and a margin of error of 5%, IDPs* IDLEBIDLEB IDLEBIDLEB 24% 13% 36-59 12% LATTAKIALATTAKIA LATTAKIALATTAKIA * and at least the same level of confidence and margin of error at the 5% SRs HAMAHAMA HAMAHAMA governorate and country level. 11% 18-35 17% DEIR-EZ-ZORDEIR-EZ-ZOR DEIR-EZ-ZORDEIR-EZ-ZOR TARTOUSTARTOUS TARTOUSTARTOUS 7% 12-17 6% Findings in this factsheet show that access to safe water is not uniform 71+245A HOMSHOMS HOMSHOMS *Resident population (RP), across all governorates. For instance, 29% of households in Deir-ez- Internally Displaced Persons (IDP), 10% 5-11 9% Zor governorate reportedly spent more than 10% of their income on Spontaneous returnees (SR). 6% 0-4 5% DAMASCUSDAMASCUS DAMASCUSDAMASCUS water. In Al-Hasakeh, Rural , and Quneitra, no households 6+10+7+11+13+2 RURALRURAL RURALRURAL used water that was sufficiently chlorinated. Additionally, 11% of DAMASCUSDAMASCUS DAMASCUSDAMASCUS households in Syria did not have access to all assessed hygiene QUNEITRA QUNEITRA items. On the other hand, over 90% of households reported that all DAR'ADAR'A AS-SWEIDAAS-SWEIDA DAR'ADAR'A AS-SWEIDAAS-SWEIDA their members had access to functioning toilets and bathing facilities.1 ProportionProportion ofof householdshouseholds whosewhose primaryprimary ProportionProportion ofof householdshouseholds spendingspending greatergreater waterwater sourcesource waswas waterwater truckingtrucking thanthan 10%10% ofof householdhousehold incomeincome onon waterwater WATER SOURCE 0%0% 0%0% Percentage of households who reported primarily obtaining water from each source Governorates with the largest proportion of ≤≤ 5%5% ≤≤ 5%5% : in the 30 days prior to data collection, across governorates households whose main source of water was water ≤≤ 25%25% ≤≤ 10%10% 99% 100% 98% 100% 100% trucking in the 30 days prior to data collection: ≤≤ 50%50% ≤≤ 20%20% 91% 91% 62+55+54+47 >> 50%50% ≤≤ 30%30% 79% Idleb 62% Deir-ez-Zor 55% 66% ACCESS TO FUNCTIONING TOILETS AND BATHING FACILITIES 60% 62% Dar’a 54% 55%

54% 53% Quneitra 47% Percentage of households reporting that household members had Percentage of households reporting that household members had 46% 45% 47%

access to functioning toilets, across governorates: access to functioning bathing facilities, across governorates:

40 32% 50 30% Use of alternative water sources other than 25% reported main source in the 30 days prior to data 99099% 1%+10 98098% 2%+20 14% 16% collection, across all governorates: 6% 5% 7% 5% 7% Yes, all members Yes, but not all members Yes No 1% 2% 2% 2% 61% No Al-Hasakeh Ar-Raqqa As-Sweida Damascus Dar'a Deir-ez-Zor Idleb Lattakia Quneitra Rural Tartous Number of individuals sharing a toilet, by percentage of IDP and SR Damascus 39% Yes household reporting, across governorates Top 5 governorates with the largest proportion of IDP and SR Network Water trucking Other Network Water trucking Other households respectively, who shared toilets with more individuals 61+39A IDP households SR households than their household size: WATER PURCHASE TREATMENT OF DRINKING WATER IDP households 32+21+20+17+16 Of the households who primarily accessed water through the 45% of households reported treating drinking water to make it safer 24% 24% 39+30+11+11+10 SR households of IDP of SR network and water trucking respectively, proportion of income in the 7 days prior to data collection. Of those households, 20% households households Quneitra 39% Damasucs 32% spent on water by percentage of households, across governorates: shared a toilet shared a toilet Damascus 30% Quneitra 21% reported treating water through the following methods, across all with 6-10 with 6-10 Network Water trucking governorates: individuals. individuals. Idleb 11% Idleb 20%

14+5 As-Sweida 11% As-Sweida 17% Chlorine2 14% Deir-ez-Zor 10% Deir-ez-Zor 78% 27% 1-5 individuals 6-10 individuals 11+ individuals 16% of households of households Boil the water 5% spent 0-5% of spent 11-20% +2 their income on of their income Other 1% GARBAGE DISPOSAL water from the on water from network. water trucking. Percentage of households who reported not having access to garbage Percentage of households who reported disposing of garbage by Top 5 governorates showing highest proportion of households with collection (free or paid) for garbage disposal: leaving it in the streets, burning, or burying it: 0-5% 6-10% 11-20% 21-40% Free Residual Chlorine (FRC) score less than 0.23: 100+99+94+93+82 Top 3 governorates with highest proportion of households using Al-Hasakeh 100% 78% over 10% of income to buy water: Quneitra 99% 29+23+15 66% 70% Damascus 1. Deir-ez-Zor 29% 94% 42% 47% 2. Dar’a 23% As-Sweida 93% 40% 29% 32% 3. Idleb 15% Idleb 82% 15% 17% 23% 12% 11% 13% 20% 8% 4% 7% 14% 11% 10% 12% ACCESS TO HYGIENE SUPPLIES AND MATERIALS 1% 2% Percentage of households who reported having access to all Governorates with the largest proportion of households who were assessed hygiene items4, across governorates: unable to access all assessed hygiene items: 69+47+32+20 Ar-Raqqa 69%

89% Yes As-Sweida 47% 1. Note that the situation may be very different in locations where IDPs congregate. 2. Chlorine tablets, powder or liquid. 11% No Deir-ez-Zor 32% 3. The optimum chlorine residual in a small, communal water supply is in the range of 0.2 to 0.5mg/l. Therefore, readings under 0.2 shows poorer water quality. World Health Organisation: Technical notes on drinking water, sanitation and hygiene in emer- Al-Hasakeh 20% gencies.2011: http://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/publications/2011/tn11_chlorine_levels_en.pdf 89+11A 4.Soap, sanitary pads, disposable diapers, washing powder, jerry can, comb, shampoo (adult and baby), cleaning liquid, detergent, plastic garbage bags, washing line, toothbrush and paste (adult and child).