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HYDRAULIC TURBINES 1.Introduction : Hydraulic (water) turbines are the machines which convert the water energy (Hydro power) into Mechanical energy. The water energy may be either in the form of potential energy as we find in dams, reservoirs, or in the form of kinetic energy in flowing water. The shaft of the turbine directly coupled to the electric generator which converts mechanical energy in to electrical energy. This is known as " Hydro-Electric power". 2.Classification of Hydraulic Turbines: Water turbines are classified into various kinds according to i) the action of water on blades, ii) based on the direction of fluid flow through the runner and iii) the specific speed of the machine. (i) Based on the action of Water on Blades : These may be classified into:1) Impulse