State: TAMIL NADU Agriculture Contingency Plan: TIRUNELVELI
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State: TAMIL NADU Agriculture Contingency Plan: TIRUNELVELI 1.0 District Agriculture profile 1.1 Agro-Climatic/Ecological Zone Agro Ecological Region / Sub Region Eastern Ghats And TamilNadu Uplands (8.1) (ICAR) Agro-Climatic Region (Planning West Coast Plains And Ghat Region East Coast Plains And Hills Region (XII, XI) Commission) Agro Climatic Zone (NARP) Southern Zone (TN-6) List all the districts or part thereof falling Ramanathnpuram, Tirunelveli, Part of Anna, Madurai and Pudukottai districts under the NARP Zone Geographic coordinates of district Latitude Longitude Altitude 8o 8’to 09 o 23’ N 77 o 09’ to 77 o35’ E 47 m Name and address of the concerned ZRS/ Regional Agricultural Research Station, Aruppukkottai, Virudhunagar District ZARS/ RARS/ RRS/ RRTTS Mention the KVK located in the district KVK, Oormelazhagiyan, Tirunelveli District 1.2 Rainfall Average (mm) Normal Onset Normal Cessation ( specify week and month) (specify week and month) SW monsoon (June-Sep): 92.6 1st Week of June 4th week of September NE Monsoon(Oct-Dec): 429.8 1st week of October 2nd Week of December Winter (Jan- Feb) 72.6 - - Summer (Mar-May) 141.9 - - Annual 736.9 - - 1.3 Land use Geographical Forest area Land under Permanent Cultivable Land under Barren and Current Other fallows pattern of the area non-agricultural pastures wasteland Misc. tree uncultivable fallows district (latest use crops and land statistics) groves Area (000’ ha) 670.6 120.8 104.1 5.4 41.5 9.8 30.8 26.3 167.8 1. 4 Major Soils Area (‘000 ha) Percent (%) of total Very Deep to deep Black soils 235 38 Very Deep to deep Red soils 149 24 Moderate deep /shallow Black soils 92 15 Moderate deep/shallow Red soils 22 4 Shallow to very shallow black soils 36 6 Others 77 12 615 100 Agricultural land use Area (‘000 ha) Cropping intensity % 1.5 Net sown area 175.1 119.1 Area sown more than once 33.4 Gross cropped area 208.5 1.6 Irrigation Area (‘000 ha) Net irrigated area 118.4 Gross irrigated are a 145.7 Rainfed area 56.7 Sources of Irrigation Number Area (‘000 ha) % area Canals Thamirabarani Canal fed 20.2 17.2 Tanks 2172 47.8 40.7 Open wells 82718 - 2 Bore wells 191 0.9 0.7 Lift irrigation - Other sources (Tube well) 502 0.1 0.2 Total 69.2 60.5 Pumpsets 24817 Micro-irrigation 500 Groundwater availability and use No. of blocks % area Quality of water Over exploited 4 36 Salinity level: 66 % good, 27% moderate and 7% poor Critical - - Residual Sodium Carbonate: 95% good and 5% moderate Semi- critical 5 45 Sodium Adsorption Ratio:99 % good Safe 10 91 Wastewater availability and use Data not available *over-exploited: groundwater utilization > 100%; critical: 90-100%; semi-critical: 70-90%; safe: <70% 3 Area under major field crops & horticulture etc. 1.7 Major Field Crops cultivated Area (‘000 ha) Kharif Rabi Summer Total Irrigated Rainfed Irrigated Rainfed 1 Paddy 22.5 - 64.7 - 4597 91.8 2 Black gram 0.2 3.9 0.6 12.8 17.7 3 Maize 0.3 0.0 0.2 2.3 8.7 4 3.7 (Planted) 1.7 Sugarcane 5.4 (Ratoon) 5 Cotton 2.1 0.1 3.0 1.3 4.3 6 Sorghum (Sorghum) 1.4 0.3 0.1 0.1 - 2.0 7 Bajra (Bajra) 0.0 0.1 0.5 0.6 Horticulture crops - Fruits Total area 1 Banana 8.1 2 Mango 4.6 3 Guava 0.3 4 Sapota 0.2 5 Lemon 1.9 6 Amla 1.4 7 Citrus 17.0 Total area 1 Vegetable 3.9 2 Flowers 1.6 4 Medicinal and Aromatic crops Total area 1 Chillies 2.0 2 Tamarind 0.1 3 Clove 0.1 4 Currey leaf 0.05 5 Senna 0.01 Plantation crops Total area 1 Cashew 5.0 2 Tea 0.8 3 Arecanut 0.1 4 coffee 0.03 5 Coconut 0.002 Fodder crops Total area 1 Sorghum 5.031 2 Subha grass 0.087 3 Giniya grass 0.002 4 Korai grass 0.009 5 Feeder grass 0.021 Total fodder crop area 5.1 Grazing land Sericulture etc 0.022 Others (Specify) 5 1.8 Livestock Male (‘000) Female (‘000) Total (‘000) Non descriptive Cattle (local low yielding) 41.1 101.7 142.9 Crossbred cattle 89.7 271.6 361.4 Non descriptive Buffaloes (local low yielding) 114.7 Graded Buffaloes Goat 461.3 Sheep 1222.3 Others (Camel, Pig, Yak etc.) 12.7 Commercial dairy farms (Number) 1.9 Poultry No. of farms Total No. of birds (‘000) Commercial 497.4 Backyard 721.1 1.10 Fisheries (Data source: Chief Planning Officer) A. Capture i) Marine (Data Source: No. of fishermen Boats Nets Storage facilities Fisheries Department) (Ice plants etc.) Mechanized Non- Mechanized Non-mechanized mechanized (Trawl nets, (Shore Seines, Gill nets) Stake & trap nets) 20210 1 1191 21062 1388 3 No. Farmer owned ponds No. of Reservoirs No. of village tanks ii) Inland (Data Source: Fisheries Department) Nil 12 2249 B. Culture Water Spread Area (ha) Yield (t/ha) Production (‘000 tons) 6 i) Brackish water ---- --- --- ii) Fresh water 12053 --- 1187 tons Others 1.1 Production and Kharif Rabi Summer Total 1 Productivity of Production Productivity Production Productivity Production Productivity Production (‘000 t) Productivity major crops (Average (‘000 t) (kg/ha) (‘000 t) (kg/ha) (‘000 t) (kg/ha) (kg/ha) of last 3 years: 2006, 07, 08) 1 Paddy 69 3898 221 4327 13.8 3757 303.5 4193 2 Sorghum (Jowar) 3926 940 5.3 3265 3 Bajra (Bajra) 3191 1414 1.4 1765 4 Ragi 3458 1362 0.8 3438 5 Maize 10.0 2682 6 Black gram 7.3 577 7 Green gram 4.2 696 8 Cotton 418 255 1706 488 9 Sugarcane 395 123000 Major Horticultural - crops 1 Banana 374 2 Mango 16.1 3 Guava 4.3 4 Sapota 6.7 5 Lemon 4.90 6 Amla 20.6 7 Onion 25.70 8 Tomato 9.10 1.12 Sowing window for 5 Paddy Cotton Jowar Maize Bajra major crops (start and end of sowing period) Kharif- Rainfed - - 1st week of June to 4 th - 1st week of June to week of July 4th week of July 7 Kharif-Irrigated 1st week of June to 4 th 1st week of May – 4th 1st week of May – 1st week of May – week of July week of July 4th week of July 4th week of July Rabi- Rainfed - 1st week of September 1st week of September – 1st week of 1st week of to 4 th week of October 4th week of October September – 4th September – 4th week of October week of October Rabi-Irrigated 1st weed of September to 1st week of February February - March 1st week of March – 1st week of March 4th week of November to 4 th week of March 4th week of April – 4th week of April 1.13 What is the major contingency the district is prone to? (Tick mark and mention None Regular Occasional years if known during the last 10 year period) Drought Flood High intense storms Cyclone Hail storm Heat wave Cold wave Frost Sea water inundation Pests and diseases (specify) 1.14 Include Digital maps of the district Location map of district within State as Annexure I Enclosed: Yes for Mean annual rainfall as Annexure 2 Enclosed: Yes Soil map as Annexure 3 Enclosed: Yes 8 Annexure 1. Location map of Tirunelveli district and the blocks 9 Annexure 2. Mean annual rainfall of Tirunelveli district of Tamil Nadu 200 190 180 162 160 140 120 107 100 80 Rainfall (mm) 61 60 38 38 39 33 40 26 16 20 11 7 0 Jan. Feb. March April May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. 10 Annexure 3. Soil map of Tirunelveli district 11 2.0 Strategies for weather related contingencies 2.1 Drought 2.1.1 Rainfed situation : Kharif season (Tenkasi and Shenkottai block only) Condition Suggested Contingency measures Early season Major Farming Crop /cropping Change in crop Agronomic measures Remarks on Implementation drought (delayed situation system /cropping system onset) Delay by 2 weeks Red soils Sorghum and Bajra No change Dry sowing, broad bed furrow with Linkage with RKVY/other (June 3 rd week) Increased seed rate by 1.5 times. schemes for broad bed furrow implements Seed hardening by soaking seeds with 2 % KH 2PO 4 for 6 hours Short duration pulses Seed pelleting, (ZnSO 4 at 100 ppm) Delay by 4 weeks (TMV 1 Black gram) Dry sowing, broad bed furrow (July 1 st week) Green manure (Daincha / Sun hemp) (Crops Specify) Delay by 6 and 8 Green manures (Daincha / - Green manure seeds obtained weeks (July 3 rd Sunhemp) from Dept. of Agri. week) 2.1.2 Rainfed situation : Rabi season Condition Suggested Contingency measures Early season Major Farming Crop/cropping system Change in Agronomic measures Remarks on Implementation drought (delayed situation crop/cropping onset) system Delay by 2 weeks Red soils Sorghum / Bajra / Maize No change Dry sowing, broad bed furrow with -- ( October 3 rd increased seed rate by 1.5 times. week) Seed hardening by soaking seeds with 2 % KH 2PO 4 for 6 hours Blackgram/Greengram Seed pelleting (ZnSO 4 and MnSO 4 for black gram and green gram respectively) 12 Condition Suggested Contingency measures Early season Major Farming Crop/cropping system Change in Agronomic measures Remarks on Implementation drought (delayed situation crop/cropping onset) system Minor millets No change Dry sowing, broad bed furrow with Linkage with Government Increased seed rate by 1.5 times.