Surface Water Monitoring in the Alazani-Iori River Basin District, Georgia

European Union Water Initiative Plus for the Eastern Partnership Countries (EUWI+)

Result 2

SURFACE WATER MONITORING IN THE ALAZANI-IORI RIVER BASIN DISTRICT, GEORGIA

April 2021

Beneficiaries National Environmental Agency (NEA) Responsible EU member state consortium project leader

Alexander Zinke, Umweltbundesamt GmbH (AT) EUWI+ country representative in Georgia

Zurab Jincharadze, Project Representative of the EU Member State Consortium in Georgia (GE) Responsible international thematic lead expert

Kristina Schaufler, Umweltbundesamt GmbH (AT) Authors

Georg Wolfram, DWS Hydro-Ökologie – Umweltbundesamt GmbH (AT) Kristina Schaufler, Umweltbundesamt GmbH (AT) Daniel Trauner, Umweltbundesamt GmbH (AT) Gabriele Vincze, Umweltbundesamt GmbH (AT) Daniela Csar, blattfisch e.U. – Umweltbundesamt GmbH (AT) Christian Pichler-Scheder, blattfisch e.U. – Umweltbundesamt GmbH (AT) Elisabeth Sigmund, DWS Hydro-Ökologie – Umweltbundesamt GmbH (AT) Peggy Macaigne, Umweltbundesamt GmbH (AT)

Disclaimer: The EU-funded program European Union Water Initiative Plus for Eastern Partnership Countries (EUWI+) is implemented by the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE), the Organisation for Economic Co- operation and Development (OECD), both responsible for the implementation of Result 1, and an EU Member States Consortium comprising the Environment Agency Austria (UBA, Austria), the lead coordinator, and the In- ternational Office for Water (IOW, France), both responsible for the implementation of Results 2 and 3. The program is co-funded by Austria and France through the Austrian Development Agency and the French Artois-Picar- die Water Agency.

This document was produced with the financial assistance of the European Union. The views expressed herein can in no way be taken to reflect the official opinion of the European Union or of the Governments of the Eastern Partnership Countries.

This document and any map included herein are without prejudice to the status of, or sovereignty over, any territory, to the delimitation of international frontiers and boundaries, and to the name of any territory, city or area.

Imprint

Owner and Editor: EU Member State Consortium Umweltbundesamt GmbH Office International de l’Eau (IOW) Spittelauer Lände 5 21/23 rue de Madrid 1090 Vienna, Austria 75008 Paris, France

Responsible IOW Communication Officer: Ms Chloé Déchelette [email protected]

April 2021

Surface Water Monitoring in the Alazani-Iori River Basin District (Georgia)

CONTENTS

1 Executive summary ...... 6 2 Introduction ...... 7 2.1 WFD monitoring requirements ...... 7 3 Current surface water monitoring situation ...... 9 3.1 Chemical Monitoring ...... 9 3.2 Biological Monitoring ...... 11 3.3 Hydro-morphological Monitoring ...... 12 4 Monitoring results ...... 14 4.1 Chemical Status ...... 14 4.2 Ecological Status ...... 14 4.3 Hydro-morphological Status ...... 17 5 Recommended surface water monitoring ...... 19 5.1 Measures to improve the surface water monitoring ...... 19 5.2 Chemical Monitoring ...... 19 5.3 Biological Monitoring ...... 22 5.4 Hydro-morphological Monitoring ...... 24 5.5 Investigative Monitoring ...... 25 5.6 Monitoring Costs ...... 25 6 References ...... 27 7 Annex 1 ...... 28

3 Surface Water Monitoring in the Alazani-Iori River Basin District (Georgia)

List of Tables Table 1: Overview of current chemical monitoring in rivers of the Alazani-Iori RBD (Complete list of sites see Annex 1 Table 12)...... 9 Table 2: Overview of existing biological monitoring in rivers in the Alazani-Iori RBD (EUWI+, 2019b; 2020b)...... 11 Table 3: Overview of existing hydrological monitoring in rivers and reservoirs of the Alazani-Iori RBD (see also Figure 1)...... 13 Table 4: Categories of ecological classification...... 15 Table 5: Hydro-morphological sampling sites including hydro-morphological status ...... 17 Table 6: Overview of recommended surveillance and operational monitoring in rivers and lakes of the Alazani-Iori RBD (Complete list of sites see Annex 1 Table 14, Table 15, Table 16)...... 19 Table 7: Recommended frequency of chemical monitoring at surveillance and operational sites in rivers of the Alazani-Iori RBD...... 20 Table 8: Recommended frequency of chemical monitoring at surveillance and operational sites in lakes of the Alazani-Iori RBD...... 22 Table 9: Recommended frequency of biological monitoring at surveillance and operational sites in rivers of the Alazani-Iori RBD...... 23 Table 10: Recommended frequency of biological monitoring at surveillance and operational sites in lakes of the Hrazdan RBD...... 24 Table 11: Overview of proposed hydrological monitoring in standing waters (Lake Jikurebi, Dali and Sioni reservoir) of the Alazani-Iori RBD...... 25 Table 12: Current water quality monitoring sites in rivers of the Alazani-Iori RBD...... 28 Table 13: Complete list of SWB “at risk” in the Alazani-Iori RBD. WW = Domestic wastewater, D = diffuse sources from agriculture, WA = water abstraction, HydLF = hydrological alterations- low flow, HydRes = hydrological alterations- Reservoir, HydMorph = hydrological alternations – chaged planform / channel pattern, LF = illegal landfills ...... 29 Table 14: Recommended surveillance monitoring sites in rivers of the Alazani-Iori RBD...... 30 Table 15: Recommended surveillance monitoring sites in lakes (reservoirs) of the Alazani-Iori RBD. 30 Table 16: Recommended operational monitoring sites in rivers of the Alazani-Iori RBD...... 30 Table 17: Overview of parameters in the chemical monitoring in the Alazani-Iori RBD...... 31 Table 18: Actual capacities of the Laboratories for measuring the priority substances that are listed by the EU WFD and associated directives for surface water monitoring ...... 31 Table 19: Ecological status and confidence categories for all river SWB in the Alazani-Iori RBD...... 33

List of Figures Figure 1: Surface water quality monitoring sites of NEA in rivers of the Alazani-Iori RBD...... 10 Figure 2: Ecological classification of SWB in the Alazani-Iori RBD...... 16 Figure 3: Left: Relative proportion of ecological status classes of river SWB in the Alazani-Iori RBD, including 41 HMWB and AWB without any classification (H = high status, G-H = good to high status, G = good status, M = medium status, M-B = medium to bad status, P = poor status, B = bad status, na = not available). Right: Relative proportion of different classes of classification confidence (Table 4). Lakes (1 natural, 4 ponds) not included...... 16 Figure 4: Recommended monitoring sites for water quality monitoring in rivers and lakes (reservoirs) of the Alazani-Iori RBD...... 21

4 Surface Water Monitoring in the Alazani-Iori River Basin District (Georgia)

Abbreviations AWB ...... Artificial Water Body

BOD5 ...... Biochemical Oxygen 5-days Demand BQE ...... Biological Quality Elements COD ...... Chemical Oxygen Demand CIS ...... Common Implementation Strategy EaP ...... Eastern Partnership ENPI ...... European Neighbourhood and Partnership Instrument EC ...... European Commission EPIRB ...... Environmental Protection of International River Basins EQS ...... Environmental Quality Standard ESCS ...... Ecological Status Classification System EU ...... European Union EUWI+ ...... European Union Water Initiative Plus HMWB ...... Heavily Modified Water Bodies HYMO ...... Hydro-morphology/hydro-morphological IOWater/OIEau .... International Office for Water, France OECD ...... Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development MAC ...... Maximum Allowable Concentration PAH ...... Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon PCB ...... Polychlorinated Biphenyl PS ...... Priority Substances RBD ...... River Basin District RBMP ...... River Basin Management Plan RBSP ...... River Basin Specific Pollutants SW ...... Surface Water SWB ...... Surface Water Body UBA ...... Umweltbundesamt GmbH, Environment Agency Austria UNECE ...... United Nations Economic Commission for Europe WFD ...... Water Framework Directive

Country Specific Abbreviations Georgia MEPA ...... Ministry of Environmental Protection and Agriculture NEA ...... National Environmental Agency

5 Surface Water Monitoring in the Alazani-Iori River Basin District (Georgia)

1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

This EUWI+ technical report about surface water monitoring in the Alazani-Iori River Basin District (RBD) of Georgia gives an overview of the status quo of the monitoring situation in the country and specifically the catchment. It also contains recent monitoring results and recommendations how to improve the monitoring programme to further converge to the standards of the EU Water Framework Directive. According to the WFD, the status of surface water bodies is determined by the poorer of its ecological status and its chemical status. To assess chemical and ecological status of water bodies, monitoring programmes are required. This report is structured into 1) chemical monitoring: including priority substances, physico-chemical parameters, river basin specific pollutants; 2) biological monitoring: including Biological Quality Elements (BQE); and 3) hydro-morphological monitoring (WFD supporting element). During EUWI+, a milestone to improve biological monitoring was made by developing an Ecological Status Classification System (ESCS) based on benthic invertebrates. Additional BQEs need to be added over the next years. This document presents the assessed ecological status of the Alazani-Iori RBD based on benthic invertebrates, as well as the results from a EUWI+ hydro-morphological survey. Together with the new River Basin Management Plan and the EUWI+ Monitoring Development Plan, this document states a recommended monitoring frequency of BQE and parameters for surveillance and operational monitoring programmes.

6 Surface Water Monitoring in the Alazani-Iori River Basin District (Georgia)

2 INTRODUCTION

The Report on Surface Water Monitoring was developed as a background document for the new River Basin Management Plan (RBMP) for the Alazani-Iori River Basin District (RBD) which was developed within EUWI+. The RBMP was written by national experts considering the information collected and presented in this document, which provided the groundwork for the RBMP monitoring chapter. This report is intended as a record of the exact recommendations made by EUWI+ experts, as the content may slightly differ from the finalised RBMP. For additional guidance and a step by step outline for improvement of the national biological monitoring situation, see also the Surface Water Monitoring Development Plan (EUWI+, 2020d). This report describes the current Surface Water (SW) monitoring situation of Georgia in the Alazani-Iori RBD. It gives an overview on existing monitoring results, and makes recommendations to improve SW monitoring. Monitoring results from surveillance and/or operational monitoring shall be used to define the status of water bodies, while results are compared to respective environmental objectives. Concern- ing surface water bodies, monitoring should include measurements of chemical, biological, physico- chemical and hydro-morphological parameters. Continuing the tradition of the water quality monitoring in Georgia, the description of the general physico-chemical parameters is included in the sub-sections on chemical monitoring; these are supporting elements for the ecological classification according to the Water Framework Directive (WFD; Directive 2000/60/EC). Development of the state policy in the sphere of water protection and use as well as the adoption of legislative acts concerning water use and protection and control is the responsibility of the Ministry of Environment Protection and Agriculture of Georgia. Implementation of water monitoring and assessment of the water quality of inland and coastal waters, as well as provision meteorological and geo-morphological observations, and maintenance of respective records is responsibility of National Environment Agency (NEA) of the Ministry of Environment Protection and Agriculture (MEPA). The Hydro-Meteoro- logical Department of NEA is responsible for the hydro-morphological monitoring.

2.1 WFD monitoring requirements

Article 8 of the WFD (Directive 2000/60/EC) establishes monitoring programmes for monitoring of the surface water status. The monitoring network shall be designed as to provide a coherent and compre- hensive overview of ecological and chemical status within each river basin and shall permit the classification of surface waterbodies according to Annex V WFD. Good ecological and good chemical status have to be achieved and ensured for all surface water bodies. For those Water Bodies (WB) identified as heavily modified (HMWB) or artificial (AWB), good ecological potential and good chemical status have to be achieved and ensured. WFD compliant monitoring results provide the baseline to initiate measures, and serve the validation of the pressure analysis. Ecological status of SWB is based on biological quality elements (phytoplankton, macrophytes, phytobenthos, macroinvertebratesand fish) and supporting physico-chemical (nutrients, oxygen condition, temperature, transparency, salinity), as well as river basin specific pollutants (RBSPs), and hydro-morphological quality elements (Annex V WFD). Ecological status of SWB is based on biological quality elements (phytoplankton, macrophytes, phytobenthos, macroinvertebrates and fish) and supporting physico-chemical (nutrients, oxygen condition, temperature, transparency, salinity), as well as river basin specific pollutants, and hydro-morphological quality elements (Annex V WFD).

7 Surface Water Monitoring in the Alazani-Iori River Basin District (Georgia)

A good chemical status of SWB requires all concentrations of priority substances to stay below the thresholds of the Environmental Quality Standards (EQS) listed in the Priority Substances Directive 2013/39/EU.Two groups of chemical compounds are relevant for the chemical monitoring according to the WFD, the Priority Substances (PS) and River Basin Specific Pollutants (RBSP). River Basin Specific Pollutants are selected based on the pressure and impact analysis. They are defined as chemicals that are discharged in significant quantities into surface water bodies. The Environmental Quality Standards (EQS) for Priority Substances are established by the European Commission (EC), whereas the EQS for specific pollutants are established by each country itself. The chemical status of water bodies is assessed by comparing the concentrations of PS with the EQS set by the EC. RBSP are supporting the biological elements and used for the ecological status classification. Surveillance, operational and investigative monitoring programmes shall be established. They are to be supplemented by monitoring programmes required for Protected Areas registered under Article 6 WFD. Surveillance monitoring shall provide information for - supplementing and validating the impact assessment; - the design of future monitoring programmes; - the assessment of long-term changes in natural conditions and long-term changes resulting from widespread anthropogenic activity. Operational monitoring shall be undertaken in order to - establish the status of those waterbodies identified as being at risk of failing to meet their environmental objectives; - assess any changes in the status of such bodies resulting from the programmes of measures. Investigative monitoring shall be carried out - where the reason for any exceedances is unknown; - where surveillance monitoring indicates that the objectives are not likely to be achieved and operational monitoring has not already been established; - to ascertain the magnitude and impacts of accidental pollution. The extent of the monitoring programmes depends on the numbers of water bodies delineated, the extent of, and variability in, impacts on the water environment and the degree to which the characteristics of, and range of pressures on, water bodies allow them to be grouped. For more details on surveillance, operational, investigative monitoring, and how to select sites see the Georgian Monitoring Development Plan (EUWI+, 2020d). For details on investigative monitoring refer to the Background and Concept Paper for Investigative Monitoring (EUWI+, 2020g).

8 Surface Water Monitoring in the Alazani-Iori River Basin District (Georgia)

3 CURRENT SURFACE WATER MONITORING SITUATION

The previous and current SW monitoring system in the Alazani-Iori RBD has always had a clear focus on water quality, while other pressures such as hydro-morphological alterations were considered only to a minor extent. However, long-term hydrological monitoring data are available for rivers. Georgia is working on establishing a WFD-compliant monitoring network, where a focus on biological monitoring is needed. The current water quality network has no division into surveillance, operational and investigative monitoring as foreseen in the WFD.

3.1 Chemical Monitoring

Rivers Up-to-date data on water quality in the rivers of the Alazani-Iori RBD is scarce and incomplete. The National Environment Agency (NEA) maintains 5 water quality monitoring stations in the RBD – 3 water quality monitoring stations in the Alazani basin (Chiauri, Alaverdi and Omalo) and 2 stations in the Iori basin (Sasadilo and Sartichala) (Table 1). Since there is no regular monitoring, there is currently no information about the general situation of water quality. The monitoring is carried out either monthly or quarterly (EUWI+, 2020h). In addition to the above-mentioned monitoring, water samples are taken once in a quarter since 2014, in order to observe water quality on additional 11 sampling sites, situated in the following rivers: Duruji (near Kvareli), Intsoba (near village Gremi), Lopota (near village Sachino), Stori (near village Lechura), Chelti (near Kvareli), Bursa (near Kvareli), Batsara (near Kvareli), Kabali (near Kabali HPP), Turdo, Telaviskhevi, Ninoskhevi (EUWI+, 2020h). Finally, several new sites were investigated at specific surveys during EPIRB and EUWI+ project (Table 1, Figure 1).

Table 1: Overview of current chemical monitoring in rivers of the Alazani-Iori RBD (Complete list of sites see Annex 1 Table 12).

Quality Element / Group of No. of No. of No. of Parameters Frequency Sites Frequency Sites Frequency Sites NEA EPIRB (2012-2016) EUWI+ (2016-2019) General physico-chemical 6–12x / year 5+11 1-3x 9 2-3x 31 parameters Priority pollutants (selected 6–12x / year 5+11 – – – – heavy metals) Other pollutants (selected 6–12x / year 5+11 – – – – heavy metals)

9 Surface Water Monitoring in the Alazani-Iori River Basin District (Georgia)

Figure 1: Surface water quality monitoring sites of NEA in rivers of the Alazani-Iori RBD.

Parameters Within the framework of the National Water Quality Monitoring programme mainly physico-chemical parameters are analysed (see Annex 1 Table 17). Monitoring of concrete organic substances, such as PAH, PCB, pesticides and others, is not conducted within the framework of the National Water Quality Monitoring Program. In water bodies including fisheries, Georgia established maximum allowable concentrations (MAC) to assess SWB. The MAC parameters include micropollutants such as heavy metals and organic micropollutants (pesticides, synthetic pollutants etc.). This approach is largely based on the monitoring system in place during the Soviet Union era. There is deviation of EU environmental quality standards (EQS), as the current list of monitored parameters comprises only a fraction of the ‘Priority substances and certain other pollutants’ of the Directive 2013/39/EU.

10 Surface Water Monitoring in the Alazani-Iori River Basin District (Georgia)

Lakes There is one natural lake in the Alazani-Iori basin (Lake Jikurebi, 54 ha; SWB Jik01). In addition, there are 2 reservoirs in the basin of Iori river (Sioni Reservoir and Dali reservoir) (assigned as HMWB) and 4 ponds (as AWB) within the Alazani-Iori basin. Currently, chemical monitoring is conducted in none of these standing waters of the Alazan-Iori RBD.

3.2 Biological Monitoring

Rivers Currently there is no regular biological monitoring (EUWI+, 2019a). However, biological surveys have been carried out during projects in the recent years (EU Tacis project KURA-II 2008-2011, EU ENPI project KURA-III 2012, EPIRB project 2013–2016, EUWI+ project 2016-2021). Biological sampling sites in EPIRB and EUWI+ were the same as for physico-chemical parameters (see Table 1, Figure 1). Parameters The surveys of EPIRB were restricted to the Biological Quality Element (BQE) macroinvertebrates. Alt- hough first steps to identify reference conditions and define class boundaries for selected river types were made during the EPIRB project, there was no official WFD compliant classification system for this BQE available. The surveys during EUWI+ also focused on macroinvertebrates (EUWI+, 2019b; 2020b). A major step towards WFD compliant biological monitoring was achieved during the project by development of an Ecological Status Classification System ESCS for macroinvertebrates (EUWI+, 2020c). Ad- ditionally a guidance for transboundary monitoring with Georgia was improved and tested in 2020 during the project (EUWI+, 2020i). The metrics used for assessing benthic invertebrates were calculated with the Asterics software during the EPIRB project and included BMWP (The Biological Monitoring Working Party Score), BBI (Belgian Biotic Indes), IBE (extended biotic index, derives from the Trent Biotic Index), EPT taxa and diversity index according to Margalef. The method newly developed within the EUWI+ project resembles this approach but includes ASPT and EPT% and excludes BBI and IBE (EUWI+, 2020c).

Table 2: Overview of existing biological monitoring in rivers in the Alazani-Iori RBD (EUWI+, 2019b; 2020b).

Quality Element / Parameter Data Source No. of Sites Frequency Benthic invertebrates Previous Projects 7 1–3 campaigns per (KURA-II, KURA-III, year EPIRB) EUWI+ biological SW 12 1 campaign per year survey 2018 EUWI+ biological SW 20 1 campaign per year survey 2019

Lakes (Reservoirs) Currently there is no regular biological monitoring in the reservoirs of the Alazani-Iori RBD (EUWI+, 2019a). There are also no data available from previous projects with WFD compliant surveys, specific research projects or fisheries.

11 Surface Water Monitoring in the Alazani-Iori River Basin District (Georgia)

3.3 Hydro-morphological Monitoring

Although the Alazani-Iori river basin is subject to strong anthropogenic impacts, the available information on hydro-morphological changes is insufficient. During the last 60 years the rivers have undergone con- siderable changes by the impact of anthropogenic influence. (EUWI+, 2018). For the recently conducted delineation of SWB, remote sensing using satellite images was used. It enabled the mapping of natural and modified surface waters. However, it should be noted that the ac- curacy of this method might vary depending on the satellite image resolution, availability of historical maps/data and the experience of the responsible expert. In a second step, actual fieldwork was done to confirm selected mapped sites. Rivers Historically, as much as 470 hydrological stations were operating in Georgia at different times. The existing hydrological network of Georgia was created in the 1960/1970ies based on topographic maps. At this time, up to 150 stations were operating simultaneously. In the 1990ies – after the collapse of the Soviet Union – the monitoring network was reduced to 5–7 stations. Since the turn of the century, the rehabilitation of the monitoring network started (EUWI+, 2020h). Currently, 38 out of 59 automatic water level measuring stations in Georgia are in working order. In addition, 9 non-automatic water level measuring stations are in operation. Thus, in total there are 68 water level measuring stations in Georgia. At each cross-section the discharge is usually measured 10- 12 times per year. In 2019, the frequency increased to up to 20-22 measurements per year. There are two stations at the Alazani river, one at Shakriani and one at Birkiani. However, the station at Birkiani was destroyed and needs to be restored. Therefore, only Shakriani is in operation (Figure 1). Until recently, the hydro-morphological monitoring was restricted to quantitative hydrological aspects. Morphological parameters started to be monitored during the EPIRB and EUWI+ projects. Based on a training on hydro-morphological description and classification, a hydro-morphological survey was carried out in a sub-basin of the Alazani-Iori RBD in September 2019. As part of an EUWI+ sampling campaign, experts chose representative sections of rivers in the RBD and assessed the sites in regards to their hydro-morphology (EUWI+, 2020a). Parameters The hydrological data have been used for general description of quantity, but not for classification; thus, information on small impoundments, water abstraction etc. are not covered by the monitoring. This information is however available from separate surveys and from analyses of high-resolution satellite images. During the EUWI+ hydro-morphological survey the following parameters were used to characterize the sites: - Catchment area - Distance to source - Mean river slope at site - Morphology of cross section, banks, channel form, river valley - Transversal barriers - Land cover/use in riparian zone/floodplain - Geology, soil types, Topography - Mean annual discharge

12 Surface Water Monitoring in the Alazani-Iori River Basin District (Georgia)

Table 3: Overview of existing hydrological monitoring in rivers and reservoirs of the Alazani- Iori RBD (see also Figure 1).

Quality Element / Group of Parameters Frequency No. of Sites Rivers Reservoirs Hydrology: Water level 24x/day 9 – (automated station) Hydrology: Discharge up to 20-22x/year 1 –

Lakes Until now, no hydro-morphological monitoring of standing waters has been carried out in the Alazani- Iori RBD.

13 Surface Water Monitoring in the Alazani-Iori River Basin District (Georgia)

4 MONITORING RESULTS

4.1 Chemical Status

Rivers Up-to-date data on water quality in the rivers of this catchment basin are scarce and incomplete because of the lack of effective water quality monitoring network. This makes it difficult to discuss water quality and discharge of wastewater into water bodies. Based on pressure data, the rivers Alazani, Iori and their tributaries are mainly polluted with organic substances, biogenic substances from untreated wastewater, as well as by legal and illegal dumping sites and agricultural lands, drainage and storm water. According to annual database on Actual Water Use (2017) developed under MEPA, about 90 % of the total volume of wastewater discharged in the Alazari-Iori river basin, was untreated wastewater. Untreated wastewater discharges mostly were accounted to the sewage networks of small towns of the Alazani-Iori basin. Within the pilot basin, centralized sewage systems are developed in the municipal centres of Akhmeta, Sagarejo, Gurjaani, Lagodekhi, Dedoplistskaro (Kakheti Municipality) and Tianeti (Mtskheta-Mtianeti Municipality). None of the village settlements have centralized sanitation systems. From all sewage systems, except for Telavi, collected wastewater is discharged into rivers or intermittent rivers/ravines, which in most cases dry out completely during the summer period. The number of enter- prises discharging wastewater into centralized sewage systems is very low. Accordingly, wastewater mainly consists the following pollutants: BOD, COD, nitrates, phosphates. Previous water quality investigations in the Alazani and Iori showed no significant change in water quality during the last 5 years, however, ammonia often exceeds MAC, which must be caused by uncontrolled discharge of untreated wastewater in the rivers. According to the results of water quality monitoring in the Alazani and Iori conducted in 2013-2017, ammonia nitrogen, iron (Fe), manganese (Mn) and lead (Pb) exceeded the norm. Several SWB are affected by point or diffuse sources of pollution or hydrological impacts. The SWB at risk are listed in Annex 1 Table 13. Detailed information about the risk assessment can be found in the Alazani Iori River Basin Management Plan (RBMP; EUWI+, 2020e).

Lakes There is one natural lake, 2 impoundments (reservoirs) and 4 ponds (AWB) in the Alazani-Iori RBD. None of these have been investigated so far and no assessment of chemical status is available.

4.2 Ecological Status

Rivers According to the WFD, the assessment of the ecological status is based on biological data and ecological status classification systems (ESCS). Supporting elements are physico-chemical, hydro-morphological parameters and specific pollutants. A WFD compliant ecological status classification system (ESCS) for macroinvertebrates in rivers was introduced by EUWI+ (EUWI+, 2020c). In order to give an overview of the confidence of the ecological status of river SWB in Georgia, four categories were defined and are listed in Table 4.

14 Surface Water Monitoring in the Alazani-Iori River Basin District (Georgia)

Table 4: Categories of ecological classification

Category Classification Confidence A Based on biological data using the proposal for a new WFD compliant ESCS High B Based on pressure data (also by using maps or orthophotos) Medium C Based on risk assessment Low D Currently no classification possible –

Unless additional information was available, the following classification was done based on the risk assessment (with low confidence): - SWB not at risk  “High – Good” - SWB possibly at risk  “Good – Moderate” - SWB at risk  “Moderate – Bad” The results of the recent hydro-morphological classification of the Alazani-Iori RBD have not yet been incorporated into the ecological status classification system. Risk assessment data for water abstraction and physical alterations were used to exclude high status, representing the most detailed classification possible at the moment. Annex 1 Table 19 lists all SWB classified following the four categories of confidence. Figure 2 shows a map with the classification results.

15 Surface Water Monitoring in the Alazani-Iori River Basin District (Georgia)

Figure 2: Ecological classification of SWB in the Alazani-Iori RBD.

Figure 3: Left: Relative proportion of ecological status classes of river SWB in the Alazani-Iori RBD, including 41 HMWB and AWB without any classification (H = high status, G-H = good to high status, G = good status, M = medium status, M-B = medium to bad status, P = poor status, B = bad status, na = not available). Right: Relative proportion of different classes of classification confidence (Table 4). Lakes (1 natural, 4 ponds) not included.

16 Surface Water Monitoring in the Alazani-Iori River Basin District (Georgia)

4.3 Hydro-morphological Status

The hydro-morphological status was assessed at 25 sampling sites in the Alazani-Iori RBD (with 5 point system in accordance with the requirements of the WFD), are based on the assessment of parameters mentioned in chapter 3.3.

For the hydro-morphological status, see Table 5 below with the first survey results (EUWI+, 2020a). To summarize, human anthropogenic interference is felt in the studied river basins. Due to the construction of irrigation systems and hydropower plants, river basins have changed significantly from their natural state.

Table 5: Hydro-morphological sampling sites including hydro-morphological status

HYMO Site No. Basin River Site Status Latitude Longitude

SW2-ALZ 08 Alazani-Iori Alazani Alazani Duisi 2,4 42° 8.028' 45° 17.352' SW2-ALZ 23 Alazani-Iori Alazani Alazani Erisimedi 1,3 41° 35.815' 46° 18.291' SW2-ALZ 15 Alazani-Iori Alazani Alazani Gurjaani 1,2 41° 45.466' 45° 54.713' SW2-ALZ 24 Alazani-Iori Alazani Alazani Milari 1,8 41° 31.544' 46° 19.506' SW2-ALZ 17 Alazani-Iori Alazani Alazani near Anaga 1,2 41° 41.787' 46° 0.329' SW2-ALZ 25 Alazani-Iori Alazani Alazani Sabatlo 1,3 41° 17.721' 46° 42.228' SW2-ALZ 12 Alazani-Iori Alazani Alazani Shaqriani 1,6 41° 59.801' 45° 34.440' SW2-ALZ 18 Alazani-Iori Anaga Anaga Vaqiri 3,2 41° 38.708' 45° 54.907' SW2-ALZ 14 Alazani-Iori Avaniskhevi Avani down stream hpp 1,8 41° 58.007' 45° 58.500' SW2-ALZ 13 Alazani-Iori Duruji Duruji near Kvareli 3,75 41° 56.486' 45° 47.723' SW2-ALZ 06 Alazani-Iori Ilto Ilto down stream 1,9 42° 2.810' 45° 8.929' SW2-ALZ 05 Alazani-Iori Iori Iori Dali reservoir 1,25 41° 14.890' 45° 54.379' SW2-ALZ 03 Alazani-Iori Iori Iori Iormugalo 1,4 41° 37.183' 45° 31.583' SW2-ALZ 02 Alazani-Iori Iori Iori khashmi 2,6 41° 45.621' 45° 10.248' SW2-ALZ 01 Alazani-Iori Iori Iori Paldo 1,2 41° 50.756' 45° 8.120' SW2-ALZ 04 Alazani-Iori Iori Iori Qolagi 2,2 41° 26.436' 45° 40.109' SW2-ALZ 16 Alazani-Iori Kabali Kabali up stream 1,4 41° 55.506' 46° 10.566' Lagodekhiskhevi down SW2-ALZ 22 Alazani-Iori Lagodekhiskhevi 3,3 41° 48.774' 46° 17.073' the bridge Lagodekhiskhevi near SW2-ALZ 21 Alazani-Iori Lagodekhiskhevi 1,95 41° 50.426' 46° 17.098' Lagodekhi SW2-ALZ 11 Alazani-Iori Lopota Lopota downstream 1,2 42° 3.780' 45° 32.305' Samkuristskali down SW2-ALZ 07 Alazani-Iori Samkuristskali 1,6 42° 16.414' 45° 21.047' stream Khadori hpp SW2-ALZ 20 Alazani-Iori Shromiskhevi Shromiskhevi near bridge 3,8 41° 49.487' 46° 15.892' SW2-ALZ 19 Alazani-Iori Shromiskhevi Shromisxevi Lagodekhi 1,3 41° 50.238' 46° 16.327' SW2-ALZ 10 Alazani-Iori Stori Stori down stream 1,43 42° 7.083' 45° 25.463' SW2-ALZ 09 Alazani-Iori Stori Stori upstream 1,1 42° 10.887' 45° 26.332'

17 Surface Water Monitoring in the Alazani-Iori River Basin District (Georgia)

Lakes So far, no classification of ecological status or potential is available for lakes, reservoirs and ponds in the Alazani-Iori RBD.

18 Surface Water Monitoring in the Alazani-Iori River Basin District (Georgia)

5 RECOMMENDED SURFACE WATER MONITORING

5.1 Measures to improve the surface water monitoring

During recent years within the EUWI+ project, a significant improvement through training and procure- ment of equipment necessary for chemical and biological monitoring could be achieved. The following steps are needed to further develop and improve the monitoring system in Georgia, within the lifetime of the of the project some will be implemented, while others should to be realized in the future: - Establishment of WFD compliant monitoring programmes (surveillance, operational, and investigative monitoring) to assess the chemical and ecological status of surface waters - Implementation of the requirements of the ISO EN 17025 - New equipment and training for continuous maintenance of equipment - Internal and external training of staff, following an agreed training plan - Collection of chemical and biological data in a central database - Survey of further biological quality elements (BQE) in addition to macro-invertebrates and diatoms, with the goal to create a basis for the development of WFD compliant ESCS for all BQE - Expansion of the hydro-morphological survey on other sub-basins of the Alazani-Iori RBD - Investigate concentrations of priority pollutants according to WFD standards in surface waters, sediment, or biota, and adopt methods into national monitoring. - Performing an intercalibration exercise for biological, chemical and hydro-morphological parameters and an evaluation of existing ESCS by performing a joint survey at transboundary rivers for (e.g. Debed: Armenia and Georgia) - Implementation and evaluation of the measures for improvement as specified in the survey reports of EUWI+

5.2 Chemical Monitoring

Rivers A proposal for monitoring sites was discussed at a regional workshop on 18th and 19th November 2019 and thereafter (Annex 1 Table 14, Table 15, Table 16). It comprises of 8 river and 3 lake surveillance sites, and 5 operational monitoring sites (Table 6). Surveillance and operational monitoring sites should be selected based on the procedure outlined in the monitoring development plan (EUWI+, 2020d). Ad- ditionally, investigative sites will be conducted if the need arises (EUWI+, 2020g).

Table 6: Overview of recommended surveillance and operational monitoring in rivers and lakes of the Alazani-Iori RBD (Complete list of sites see Annex 1 Table 14, Table 15, Table 16).

RBD SW Type Surveillance Sites Operational Sites

Alazani- Rivers 8 5 Iori Lakes 3 -

19 Surface Water Monitoring in the Alazani-Iori River Basin District (Georgia)

Parameters Distinct surveillance, operational and investigative monitoring needs to be designed and carried out based on the pressure analysis and risk assessment. It is first recommended to further converge towards the EU Water Framework Directive and monitor the parameters that are required regarding both specific pollutants and priorities substances, even if they are currently not monitored in the country. These include pesticides, dioxins, PAH and PCB (for more details, see Table 18 in Annex1). Considering the importance of the agricultural sector in the country, it is recommended to also monitor pesticides in surface water. Furthermore, and in addition to the monitoring of priority substances, specific pollutants should be identified and selected according to the pressure and risk analysis (see risk assessment chapter in the RBMP; EUWI+, 2020e). This should include, among others, substances emerg- ing from domestic and industrial (especially food industry) and wastewater. It is recommended to sample all chemical parameters at surveillance sites 12 times over the course of one year in rivers, once within the 6-year RBMP cycle. Concerning chemical operational monitoring in rivers, general physico-chemical parame-ters should be sampled 12x as well as priority substances and specific pollutants suspected by the risk assessment. Operational monitoring should be conducted within any two years of the RBMP cycle (Table 7).

Table 7: Recommended frequency of chemical monitoring at surveillance and operational sites in rivers of the Alazani-Iori RBD.

Quality Elements / Monitoring SWB Group of Parameters Frequency: General Physico- Chemical Parameters To be executed Chemical 12x within the selected within any of the Surveillance Rivers River Basin-Specific year of the RBMP cycle 6 years of the Monitoring Pollutants RMBP cycle Priority Substances General Physico- 12x within the selected To be executed Chemical Parameters year of the RBMP cycle Chemical within any 2 Operational Rivers River Basin-Specific -* years of the 6 Monitoring Pollutants years RMBP cycle Priority Substances -* * If the risk assessment finds the SWB to be affected by point source or diffuse pollution, chemical analysis of the suspected substances should also be conducted. – Rivers: 12x; Lakes: 6x.

20 Surface Water Monitoring in the Alazani-Iori River Basin District (Georgia)

Figure 4: Recommended monitoring sites for water quality monitoring in rivers and lakes (reservoirs) of the Alazani-Iori RBD.

Lakes (incl. Reservoirs) It is suggested to conduct surveillance monitoring at the only natural lake in the RBD. In addition, the two large reservoirs (Dali and Iori Reservoir; HMWB) should be included in the monitoring of standing waters (Table 6, Table 15). In terms of chemical monitoring, the goal of good chemical status applies to natural WB, as well as HMWB or AWB. Parameters Parameters for surveillance sites should be the same as for rivers. Parameters for operational monitoring sites are mainly general physico-chemical parameters as also currently included in water quality monitoring. Additional specific pollutants for operational sites should be selected according to the pressure and risk analysis.

21 Surface Water Monitoring in the Alazani-Iori River Basin District (Georgia)

It is recommended to sample general physico-chemical parameters, River Basin-Specific Pollutants (RBSP), and priority substances 6 times over the course of one year, once within the 6-year RBMP cycle. Concerning chemical operational monitoring in lakes (reservoirs), general physico-chemical parameters should be sampled 6 times as well as priority substances and specific pollutants suspected by the risk assessment. Operational monitoring should be conducted within any two years of the RBMP cycle (Table 8). The chemical sampling of general physico-chemical parameters shall be carried out along a vertical depth profile of six layers from surface to above the ground. For priority pollutants in surveillance monitoring and specific pollutants in operational monitoring, 2 sampling depths (epilimnion and hypolimnion) are considered sufficient.

Table 8: Recommended frequency of chemical monitoring at surveillance and operational sites in lakes of the Alazani-Iori RBD.

Quality Elements / Monitoring SWB Group of Parameters Frequency: General Physico- Chemical Parameters To be executed Chemical 6x within the selected within any of the Surveillance Lakes River Basin-Specific year of the RBMP cycle 6 years of the Monitoring Pollutants RMBP cycle Priority Substances General Physico- 6x within the selected To be executed Chemical Parameters year of the RBMP cycle Chemical within any 2 Operational Lakes River Basin-Specific -* years of the 6 Monitoring Pollutants years RMBP cycle Priority Substances -* * If the risk assessment finds the SWB to be affected by point source or diffuse pollution, chemical analysis of the suspected substances should also be conducted. – Rivers: 12x; Lakes: 6x.

5.3 Biological Monitoring

Rivers Surveillance and operational monitoring sites shall be the same as for the chemical monitoring (Table 6). However, investigative monitoring will mainly focus on chemical aspects and thus will only regard for biological sampling if the situation requires it. Parameters Like in the projects of previous years, monitoring will concentrate on macroinvertebrates. This BQE shall be investigated at all monitoring sites of the surveillance and operational monitoring programmes. In addition, at the operational monitoring sites phytobenthos should be included, in order to start developing a data set for a WFD compliant classification method for diatoms. Concerning frequency, benthic invertebrates and phytobenthos will be sampled once within a selected year. Surveillance monitoring is to be executed once within any of the 6 years of the RMBP cycle, and operational monitoring twice within any 2 years of the 6 years RMBP cycle (Table 9). Chemical and

22 Surface Water Monitoring in the Alazani-Iori River Basin District (Georgia)

biological data should be jointly interpreted and therefore preferably sampled on the same occasion. The monitoring of the other biological quality elements will be postponed to the next RBMP. Based on data from the EUWI+ project a new WFD compliant ESCS for macro-invertebrates was developed recently, which shall become the basis for the ecological classification in the future monitoring.

Table 9: Recommended frequency of biological monitoring at surveillance and operational sites in rivers of the Alazani-Iori RBD.

Quality Elements / Monitoring SWB Group of Parameters Frequency:

Biological Benthic Invertebrates 1x within the To be executed within Surveillance Rivers selected year of any of the 6 years of Monitoring Phytobenthos (diatoms) the RBMP cycle the RMBP cycle Biological Benthic Invertebrates 1x within the To be executed within Operational Rivers selected year of any 2 years of the 6 Monitoring Phytobenthos (diatoms) the RBMP cycle years RMBP cycle

Lakes (incl. Reservoirs) Biological surveillance monitoring sites for standing waters shall be the same as for the chemical monitoring (see above). As mentioned in Chapter 2.1, the ecological status applies only to natural water bodies. As the suggested monitoring network includes reservoirs and therefore HMWB/AWB, the BQEs and supporting elements in this case relate to determining the ecological potential. However, the available ESCS applies to natural water bodies and assesses the ecological status. A practical framework for defining the good ecological potential is described in the CIS Guidance No 37 (2020). The central function of biological monitoring is the determination of the ecological status, and therefore has priority over the determination of the ecological potential. Parameters It is proposed to start a regular monitoring of phytoplankton, which is commonly considered as the most important BQE to assess trophic impacts on standing waters. It should include chlorophyll-a and a quan- tification of taxonomic composition. In a first phase new data from the monitoring shall be gathered. In a second phase, a classification system shall be developed according to the requirements of the EU CIS Guidance documents on Intercalibration and as exemplarily presented for the ESCS for invertebrates in rivers. Concerning frequency, phytoplankton is recommended to be sampled 6 times over the course of a selceted year. The six samplings in lakes within one year should be distributed over the course of the vegetation period. Surveillance monitoring is to be executed once within any of the 6 years of the RMBP cycle, and operational monitoring twice within any 2 years of the 6 years RMBP cycle (Table 10). Chem- ical and biological data should be jointly interpreted and therefore preferably sampled on the same occasion. Other biological quality elements will be included in the next RBMP.

23 Surface Water Monitoring in the Alazani-Iori River Basin District (Georgia)

Table 10: Recommended frequency of biological monitoring at surveillance and operational sites in lakes of the Hrazdan RBD.

Quality Elements / Monitoring SWB Group of Parameters Frequency: Biological 6x within the To be executed within Surveillance Lakes Phytoplankton selected year of the any of the 6 years of Monitoring RBMP cycle the RMBP cycle Biological 6x within the To be executed within Operational Lakes Phytoplankton selected year of the any 2 years of the 6 Monitoring RBMP cycle years RMBP cycle

5.4 Hydro-morphological Monitoring

Rivers Hydro-morphology is a supporting element according to the WFD, which comes into effect when differ- entiating between good or high ecological status. While previous hydro-morphological description was carried out at single sites during biological monitoring for contextualizing biological data, future hydro- morphological assessments shall cover larger sections of rivers. A first hydro-morphological campaign in 2019 was the starting point of hydro-morphological mapping in the Alazani-Iori river basin. During the next RBMP cycle, the dataset needs to be increased through additional surveys, to get a more exact picture of the hydro-morphological situation and cover the whole RBD. Therefore, new and un-investigated sites have to be chosen, pre-classified based on historical maps and satellite images, and veri- fied/assessed in the field. The quantitative hydrological network currently measures water discharge only on the Alazani river. However, as most large rivers in Kakheti and Kvemo Kartli regions are transboundary (Alazani, Iori, Ktsia-Khrami, Debed), it is therefore necessary to open at least five additional hydrological stations in the regions. There are 9 operational hydropower plants (HPP) in the RBD. The construction of additional 20 HPP by 2050 is planned for the region. Another issue is the poor condition of the irrigation system, with water losses of up to 50%. Both these pressures should be taken into account when deciding the location of hydrological monitoring sites

Parameters According to the new training on hydro-morphological description and classification system carried out during the EPIRB and EUWI+ project, all parameters relevant for a WFD compliant assessment shall be covered, viz. the hydrological regime (including the quantity and dynamics of water flow and the connection to groundwater bodies), the river continuity, and the morphological conditions (including river depth and width variation, structure and substrate of the river bed, and structure of the riparian zone).

24 Surface Water Monitoring in the Alazani-Iori River Basin District (Georgia)

Lakes (incl. Reservoirs) It is proposed to start a quantitative hydrological monitoring on Lake Jikurebi as well as on Dali and Sioni Reservoir by measuring water level. A morphological classification of the littoral zone to specify morphological measures to reach the good ecological potential for the two reservoirs is planned for the next RBMP.

Table 11: Overview of proposed hydrological monitoring in standing waters (Lake Jikurebi, Dali and Sioni reservoir) of the Alazani-Iori RBD.

Quality element / group of parameters Frequency Monitoring sites Water level daily 3 Other parameters – –

5.5 Investigative Monitoring

As outlined in chapter 2.1, investigative monitoring may also be required in specified cases. These are given as:

 where the reason for any exceedances (of environmental objectives) is unknown;  where surveillance monitoring indicates that the objectives are not likely to be achieved and operational monitoring has not already been established; or  to ascertain the magnitude and impacts of accidental pollution. Investigative monitoring will thus be designed to the specific case or problem being investigated. In some cases it will be more intensive in terms of monitoring frequencies and focused on particular water bodies or parts of water bodies, and on relevant quality elements. Investigative monitoring might also include alarm or early warning monitoring, for example, for the protection of drinking water intakes against accidental pollution. This type of monitoring could include continuous or semi-continuous measurements of a few chemical (such as dissolved oxygen) and/or biological (such as fish) determinants. Investigative monitoring is an „on demand“ concept addressing specific cases or problems and thus, neither suggestions for sites nor for relevant parameters can be provided in this document. Further information and guidance on investigative monitoring is provided in the “Back- ground and concept paper for Investigative Monitoring” (EUWI+, 2020g). In autumn 2020, an investigative monitoring has been carried out in the EUWI+ project to identify the impact of certain chemical pollutants on surface water bodies in the Iori river basin. The parameters investigated comprise of the standard physico-chemical parameters and various metals. Data and a related report became available in April 2021. This investigation was an important exercise and example for future investigative monitoring campaigns.

5.6 Monitoring Costs

Following estimations represent the costs of the whole six years of an RBMP cycle. As mentioned above, the 9 surveillance sites will be investigated once per cycle (chemical monitoring 12x / year; hy- drobiological monitoring in rivers 1x / year, and lakes 6x / year), and the 5 operational monitoring sites will be sampled twice over the six year period (same annual frequency).

25 Surface Water Monitoring in the Alazani-Iori River Basin District (Georgia)

Taking into account the survey costs of 2018 and 2019 in the EUWI+ project an approximate cost estimation of the surface water monitoring in the Alazani-Iori RBD can be calculated. Considering sampling and analyses of general physico-chemical parameters and all BQE (benthic invertebrates, phytobenthos, phytoplankton) for the proposed surveillance and operational monitoring sites will cost around 24,000 € in this RBMP cycle. The estimation for the monitoring of priority pollutants has lower confidence, as the costs were calculated based on a fraction of costs per parameter in Austrian surface water monitoring. Another assumption was that the number of analyzed parameters is 15. Nevertheless, the rough cost estimate is for priority pollutants is around 32,000 € to 50,000 €. The true costs will vary, depending on the number and kind of analyzed parameters.

26 Surface Water Monitoring in the Alazani-Iori River Basin District (Georgia)

6 REFERENCES

EUWI+ Products EUWI+, 2019a. Technical Report “Water Monitoring Assessment Report – Georgia”. Available online in English at: [https://euwipluseast.eu/en/component/k2/item/578-water-monitoring-assessment-report- georgia?fromsearch=1] EUWI+, 2019b. Technical Report “Georgia: Surface Water Survey Report 2018”. Available online in English at: [https://euwipluseast.eu/en/component/k2/item/653-georgia-surface-water-survey-report- 2018?fromsearch=1] EUWI+, 2020a. Technical Report “Georgia: Hydromorphological Assessment Report 2019”. Available online in English at: [https://euwipluseast.eu/en/component/k2/item/824-georgia-hydromorphological- assessment-report-2019-eng?fromsearch=1] EUWI+, 2020b. Technical Report “Georgia: Surface Water Survey Report 2019”. Available online in English at: [https://euwipluseast.eu/en/component/k2/item/830-georgia-surface-water-survey-report- 2019-eng?fromsearch=1] EUWI+, 2020c. Technical Report “Definition of Reference Conditions and Class Boundaries in Rivers of Georgia for the BQE benthic invertebrates”. Available online in English at: [https://euwipluseast.eu/en/component/k2/item/1115-georgia-definition-of-reference-conditions-and-class-boundaries-in-rivers-of-georgia-for-the-bqe-benthic-invertebrates-eng?fromsearch=1] EUWI+, 2020d. Technical Report “Surface Water Monitoring Development Plan Georgia”. Available online in English at: [https://euwipluseast.eu/] EUWI+, 2020e. RBMP “Draft River Basin Management Plan for Alazani-Iori RBD, Georgia”. Available online in English at: [https://euwipluseast.eu/] EUWI+, 2020f. RBMP “Draft River Basin Management Plan for Khrami-Debed RBD, Georgia”. Availa- ble online in English at: [https://euwipluseast.eu/] EUWI+, 2020g. Guidance “Background and concept paper for Investigative Monitoring”. Available online in English at: [https://euwipluseast.eu/] EUWI+, 2020h. Technical Report “Delineation of Surface Water Bodies in the EUWI+ Pilot Basins of Georgia (Alazani-Iori Basin, Khrami-Debed Basin)”. Available online in English at: [https://euwipluseast.eu/] EUWI+, 2020i. Technical Report “Transboundary Surface Water Survey 2020”. Available online in English at: [https://www.euwipluseast.eu/en/component/k2/item/1679-armenia-georgia-transboundary- surface-water-survey-2020-technical-report-eng?fromsearch=1/]

Legislation CIS Guidance No 37, 2020. Steps for defining and assessing ecological potential for improving com- parability of Heavily Modified Water Bodies. EU Water Framework Directive (2000/60/EC). Directive 2000/60/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 December 2000 establishing a framework for the Community action in the field of water policy. Official Journal of the European Communities, L 327, 22.12.2000, p. 1–73 Directive 2013/39/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 12 August 2013 amending Di- rectives 2000/60/EC and 2008/105/EC as regards priority substances in the field of water policy Text with EEA relevance. Official Journal of the European Communities, L 226, 24.8.2013, p. 1–1.

27 Surface Water Monitoring in the Alazani-Iori River Basin District (Georgia)

7 ANNEX 1

Table 12: Current water quality monitoring sites in rivers of the Alazani-Iori RBD.

River_name Site_name NEA EPIRB EUWI+

Alazani Akhmeta + Alaverdi + + +

Apeni +

Chiauri + +

Duisi Bridge +

Erisimedi +

Omalo + + +

Samtatskaro +

Sanavardo +

Shakriani + +

Vashlovani NP + Batsara Batsara + + +

Batsara II (upstream) +

Batsara (downstream) +

Ilto Chartala +

Sabue + Stori Lechuri zeda (upstream) + + Lechuri qveda (downstream) + + + Turdo – + Telaviskhevi – + Lopota near village Sachino) + Intsoba near village Gremi + Chelti near Kvareli +

RWN05 Duruji Up (Kvareli) + +

Bursa Kvareli upstream +

0.5 km below Kvareli + +

Khakharaantghele Kvareli upstream + Kabali Kabalhesi + + +

near village Kabali + Ninoskhevi – +

Shromiskhevi Lagodekhi Up +

Lagodekhi Down +

Iori AZ Border +

Bochorma +

Bodakhevi +

Chachuna +

28 Surface Water Monitoring in the Alazani-Iori River Basin District (Georgia)

River_name Site_name NEA EPIRB EUWI+

Dali Downstream +

Iormughanlo +

Kolagiri (Iori Reserve) +

Paldo +

Sasadilo + + Sartichala +

Chiauri Baisubniskhevi, zeo mskhalgori +

Table 13: Complete list of SWB “at risk” in the Alazani-Iori RBD. WW = Domestic wastewater, D = diffuse sources from agriculture, WA = water abstraction, HydLF = hydrological alterations- low flow, HydRes = hydrological alterations- Reservoir, HydMorph = hydrological alternations – chaged planform / channel pattern, LF = illegal landfills

River SWB code WB cat Main pressure Akhtalis-Khevi Akh303 NWB D, WW Alazani Alz107 HMWB WA, D Alazani Alz123 NWB D, HydLf Babaneuris-Psha Bab205 NWB D, LF, Bursa Bur203 HMWB WA, WW, D, LF Chiauri Chi202 NWB WA, LF Chilaris-Khevi Chk203 NWB D Chumat-Khevi Chu201 NWB WA, D Duruji Dur202 NWB WA, LF Iori Ior106 NWB HydRes Sioni Reservoir Ior109 HMWB HydRes Iori Ior110 HMWB HydLf Iori Ior115 HMWB WA, D, HydLf, Lf Iori Ior118 NWB WA, D, HydLf, Lf Iori Ior119 HMWB HydLf Iori Ior120 HMWB D, WW, HydLf Iori Ior121 HMWB D, HydLf Iori Ior125 NWB Wa, D, HydLf Dali reservoir Ior131 HMWB HydRes Khachiris-Khevi Kha203 NWB D Khachiris-Khevi Kis204 NWB WA, LF Lopota Lop204 NWB D, LF Matsantsara Mas203 HMWB D, HydMorph Vakiri Mdn201 NWB WA, WW, D Ole Ole201 HMWB HydMorph, D Ole Oli201 NWB WA, D Shromis-Khevi Shr303 NWB WA, WW, D, LF

29 Surface Water Monitoring in the Alazani-Iori River Basin District (Georgia)

River SWB code WB cat Main pressure Stori Sto203 NWB D, HydLf, LF Telavis-Rike Ter302 HMWB HydMorph Vedziruli Ved302 NWB D, WW Akhtalis-Khevi Akh303 NWB D, WW

Table 14: Recommended surveillance monitoring sites in rivers of the Alazani-Iori RBD.

River / Sampling site Type HMWB SWB code Rationale Existing site Q B R Alazani / Birkiani XI N Alz106 + exist Alazani / Tsitelgori XVI N Alz140 + + new Alazani / Sabatlo XV N Alz145 + + exist Batsara / Batsara upstream VII N Bat201 + exist Bursa / Kvareli upstream VI N Bur202 + exist Gurula / Kistauri IV N Gur301 + new Iori / Chachuna XV N Ior133 + + exist Kabali / Kabalhesi XI N Kab203 + exist

Q = Significant rate of water flow; B = near state border; R = candidate for reference site.

Table 15: Recommended surveillance monitoring sites in lakes (reservoirs) of the Alazani-Iori RBD.

Lake (reservoir) / Sampling site Type HMWB SWB code Rationale Existing site (river) V B R Lake Jikurebi L I No Jik01 + new Dali Reservoir – Yes Ior131 + new Sioni Reservoir L IV Yes Ior109 + new

V = Significant volume of water; B = near state border; R = candidate for reference site.

Table 16: Recommended operational monitoring sites in rivers of the Alazani-Iori RBD.

Existing River / Sampling site Type HMWB SWB code site Bursa / Kvareli downstream VI N Bur203 exist Duruji / Kvareli VI N Dur202 exist Iori / Sartichala XVI N Ior118 new Lopota / Napareuli XI N Lop204 exist Ninoskhevi / Ganatleba VI N Nin303 exist

30 Surface Water Monitoring in the Alazani-Iori River Basin District (Georgia)

Table 17: Overview of parameters in the chemical monitoring in the Alazani-Iori RBD.

Parameter group Group n Parameter Relevant for … General phys.- Thermal 1 Water temperature Ecological status chem. conditions

Oxygen regime 2 Oxygen (conc., sat.), BOD5 Ecological status Salinity 4 Chloride, sulphate, electric conductivity, Ecological status mineralisation (TDS) Nutrients *) 4 Nitrate, nitrite, ammonium, phosphate Ecological status Acidification 1 pH Ecological status National and (Heavy) metals 5 Iron, zinc, copper, lead, manganese Ecological status WFD relevant (some parameters pollutants such as lead: chemical status)

Table 18: Actual capacities of the Laboratories for measuring the priority substances that are listed by the EU WFD and associated directives for surface water monitoring

priority priority hazardous Parameter in substance substance Frequency of Scope of [Y/N] Substance name [Y/N] sampling Analysis? [Y/N] Alachlor yes no 1 x/month no Anthracen yes yes 1 x/month yes Atrazine yes no 1 x/month no Benzene yes no 1 x/month no Brominated Diphenylether (Congeners with numbers 28, 47, yes yes 1 x/month 99, 100, 153 and 154)1 no Cadmium- and Cadmium yes yes 1 x/month compounds yes yes yes yes yes no no 1 x/quarter Carbon tetrachloride no yes yes 1 x/month C10-13 Chloralkanes2 no yes no 1 x/month Chlorfenvinphos no Chlorpyrifos (Chlorpyrifos-Ethyl) yes no 1 x/month no Cyclodien Pestizide: Aldrin yes Dieldrin no no 1 x/quarter yes Endrin yes Isodrin DDT instotal no no 1 x/quarter yes

31 Surface Water Monitoring in the Alazani-Iori River Basin District (Georgia)

priority priority hazardous Parameter in substance substance Frequency of Scope of [Y/N] Substance name [Y/N] sampling Analysis? [Y/N] Para-para-DDT no no 1 x/quarter 1,2-Dichlorethane yes no 1 x/month no Dichlormethane yes no 1 x/month no Bis(2-ethyl-hexyl)phthalat (DEHP) yes no 1 x/month Diuron yes no 1 x/month no Endosulfan3 yes yes 1 x/month yes Fluoranthen yes no 1 x/month yes Hexachlorbenzene yes yes 1 x/month no Hexachlorbutadien yes yes 1 x/month no Hexachlorcyclohexan4 yes yes 1 x/month no Isoproturon yes no 1 x/month no Lead and Lead compounds yes no 1 x/month yes Mercury and mercury compounds yes yes 1 x/month yes Naphthalin yes no 1 x/month yes Nickel- and Nickel compounds yes no 1 x/month yes Nonylphenol (4-Nonylphenol)5 yes yes 1 x/month 4-tert-Octylphenol ((4-(1,1′,3,3′- yes no 1 x/month Tetramethylbutyl)-phenol)) Pentachlorbenzene yes yes 1 x/month no Pentachlorphenol yes no 1 x/month no Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) yes Benzo(a)pyren yes

6 Benzo(b)fluoranthen yes yes 1 x/month yes Benzo(k)fluoranthen6 yes Benzo(g,h,i)-perylen yes Indeno(1,2,3-cd)-pyren yes Simazin yes no 1 x/month no Tetrachloroethylene no no 1 x/quarter no Trichloroethylene no no 1 x/quarter no Tributyltin compounds yes yes 1 x/month (Tributhyltin-cation) Trichlorobenzene7 yes no 1 x/month no Trichlormethane yes no 1 x/month no Trifluralin yes yes 1 x/month no Dicofol yes yes 1 x/month no Perfluoroctanesulfonic acid yes yes 1 x/month (PFOA) and derivatives (PFOS) no Quinoxyfen yes yes 1 x/month no Dioxine and dioxinähnliche yes yes 1 x/month compounds8 no

32 Surface Water Monitoring in the Alazani-Iori River Basin District (Georgia)

priority priority hazardous Parameter in substance substance Frequency of Scope of [Y/N] Substance name [Y/N] sampling Analysis? [Y/N] Aclonifen yes no 1 x/month no Bifenox yes no 1 x/month no Cybutryn yes no 1 x/month no Cypermethrin yes no 1 x/month no Dichlorvos yes no 1 x/month no Hexabromocyclododecane yes yes 1 x/month (HBCDD)9 no Heptachlor and yes yes 1 x/month Heptachlorepoxid10 yes Terbutryn yes no 1 x/month no

Table 19: Ecological status and confidence categories for all river SWB in the Alazani-Iori RBD.

Ecological Category of SWB Code Sub-Basin River Name Status confidence

GE_Adz201 Iori Simoniantkhevi 1-2 C

GE_Adz202 Iori Adzezi 2 C

GE_Adz203 Iori Adzezi 1-2 C

GE_Akh301 Alazani Akhtalis-Khevi 1-2 C

GE_Akh302 Alazani Akhtalis-Khevi 2-3 C

GE_Akh303 Alazani Akhtalis-Khevi 3-5 C

GE_Akl301 Iori Akliamebis-Khevi 1-2 C

GE_Aku201 Alazani Akuris-Khevi 2-3 C

GE_Ala201 Iori Ovrag Alan-Dara 2-3 C

GE_Ala202 Iori Ovrag Alan-Dara 1-2 C

GE_Alk301 Tushetis Alazani Alatovani 1-2 C

GE_Alk401 Iori Alazan-Khevi 2-3 C

GE_Alz101 Alazani Alazani 1 B

GE_Alz102 Alazani Alazani 1 B

GE_Alz103 Alazani Alazani 1 B

GE_Alz104 Alazani Alazani 1-2 C

GE_Alz105 Alazani Alazani 1-2 C

GE_Alz106 Alazani Alazani 2 A

GE_Alz107 Alazani Alazani 3-5 D

GE_Alz108 Alazani Alazani 2 A

GE_Alz109 Alazani Alazani 2-3 C

GE_Alz110 Alazani Alazani 3-5 C

GE_Alz111 Alazani Alazani 3-5 C

GE_Alz112 Alazani Alazani 3-5 C

GE_Alz113 Alazani Alazani 2-3 C

33 Surface Water Monitoring in the Alazani-Iori River Basin District (Georgia)

Ecological Category of SWB Code Sub-Basin River Name Status confidence

GE_Alz114 Alazani Alazani 2-3 C

GE_Alz115 Alazani Alazani 2-3 C

GE_Alz116 Alazani Alazani 2 B

GE_Alz117 Alazani Alazani 2 B

GE_Alz118 Alazani Alazani 2 A

GE_Alz119 Alazani Alazani 2 B

GE_Alz120 Alazani Alazani 2 B

GE_Alz121 Alazani Alazani 2-3 C

GE_Alz122 Alazani Alazani 2-3 C

GE_Alz123 Alazani Alazani 3-5 C

GE_Alz124 Alazani Alazani 2-3 C

GE_Alz125 Alazani Alazani 2-3 C

GE_Alz126 Alazani Alazani 2-3 C

GE_Alz127 Alazani Alazani 2-3 C

GE_Alz128 Alazani Alazani 1 A

GE_Alz129 Alazani Alazani 2-3 C

GE_Alz130 Alazani Alazani 2-3 C

GE_Alz131 Alazani Alazani 2-3 C

GE_Alz132 Alazani Alazani 2-3 C

GE_Alz133 Alazani Alazani 5 A

GE_Alz134 Alazani Alazani 2-3 C

GE_Alz135 Alazani Alazani 2-3 C

GE_Alz136 Alazani Alazani 2-3 C

GE_Alz137 Alazani Alazani 2 A

GE_Alz138 Alazani Alazani 2 C

GE_Alz139 Alazani Alazani 2-3 C

GE_Alz140 Alazani Alazani 2 C

GE_Alz141 Alazani Alazani 3-5 C

GE_Alz142 Alazani Alazani 4 A

GE_Alz143 Alazani Alazani 3-5 C

GE_Alz144 Alazani Alazani 1 A

GE_Alz145 Alazani Alazani 1 A

GE_Alz146 Alazani Alazani 1-2 C

GE_Amb201 Iori Ambaris-Khevi 1-2 C

GE_Amb202 Iori Ambaris-Khevi 2-3 C

GE_Ani201 Iori Anis-Khevi 1 B

GE_Ans401 Alazani Anis-Khevi 1-2 C

GE_Ans402 Alazani Anis-Khevi 1-2 C

GE_Apn301 Alazani Apeni 2-3 C

34 Surface Water Monitoring in the Alazani-Iori River Basin District (Georgia)

Ecological Category of SWB Code Sub-Basin River Name Status confidence

GE_Apn302 Alazani Apeni 2-3 C

GE_Apn303 Alazani Apeni 1-2 C

GE_Apn304 Alazani Apeni 1-2 C

GE_Are401 Alazani Areshi 2 B

GE_Are402 Alazani Areshi 2-3 C

GE_Ark401 Iori Manavis Tsivi 1-2 C

GE_Ark402 Iori Manavis Tsivi 2-3 C

GE_Art201 Iori Artnula 1 B

GE_Ava201 Alazani Avanis-Khevi 2 C

GE_Ava202 Alazani Avanis-Khevi 1-2 C

GE_Ava203 Alazani Avani 2-3 C

GE_Ava204 Alazani Avani 1-2 C

GE_AWB01 Kakheti Kvemo Alazani - D

GE_AWB02 Kakheti Chiauri - D

GE_AWB03 Kakheti Matsimi - D

GE_AWB04 Kakheti Lagodekhi - D

GE_AWB05 Kakheti Shroma - D

GE_AWB06 Kakheti Ninigori - D

GE_AWB07 Kakheti Kabali N1 - D

GE_AWB08 Kakheti Kabali N2 - D

GE_AWB09 Kakheti Kabali N3 - D

GE_AWB10 Kakheti Kabali N4 - D

GE_AWB11 Kakheti Afeni - D

GE_AWB12 Kakheti Satskhene - D

GE_AWB13 Kakheti Shorokhevi N1 - D

GE_AWB14 Kakheti Avani - D

GE_AWB15 Kakheti Kudigori - D

GE_AWB16 Kakheti Kudigori - D

GE_AWB17 Kakheti Shildis Shua - D

GE_AWB18 Kakheti Gunashauri - D

GE_AWB19 Kakheti Turistsikhe - D

GE_AWB20 Kakheti Turistsikhe - D

GE_AWB21 Kakheti Zemo Alazan - D

GE_AWB22 Mtskheta - Mtianeti Gojiaanebi - D

GE_AWB23 Kvemo Kartli Zemo Samgori - D

GE_AWB24 Kvemo Kartli Lilo-Martkophi - D

GE_AWB25 Kakheti Khashmi mg-1 - D

GE_AWB26 Kakheti Khashmi mg-2 - D

GE_AWB27 Kakheti Kvemo Samgori Left - D

35 Surface Water Monitoring in the Alazani-Iori River Basin District (Georgia)

Ecological Category of SWB Code Sub-Basin River Name Status confidence

GE_AWB28 Kakheti Kvemo Samgori Right - D

GE_AWB29 Kakheti Bebera - D

GE_Bab201 Alazani Babaneuris-Psha 1-2 C

GE_Bab202 Alazani Babaneuris-Psha 2-3 C

GE_Bab203 Alazani Babaneuris-Psha 2-3 C

GE_Bab204 Alazani Babaneuris-Psha 2-3 C

GE_Bab205 Alazani Babaneuris-Psha 3-5 C

GE_Bak201 Iori Bapkhis-Khevi 1 B

GE_Bal201 Alazani Balevis-Khevi 2-3 C

GE_Bas401 Alazani Baskintela 1-2 C

GE_Bas402 Alazani Baskintela 1-2 C

GE_Bat201 Alazani Batsara 2 A

GE_Bat202 Alazani Batsara 1 A

GE_Ber201 Alazani Berkhevi 2-3 C

GE_Bod301 Alazani Bodal-Khevi 1-2 C

GE_Bod302 Alazani Bodal-Khevi 1-2 C

GE_Bol301 Alazani Grdzeli chala 1-2 C

GE_Bol302 Alazani Bolia 1-2 C

GE_Bur201 Alazani Bursa 1 B

GE_Bur202 Alazani Bursa 2 A

GE_Bur203 Alazani Bursa 5 A

GE_Bus301 Alazani Bushatis-Khevi 1-2 C

GE_Cab301 Tushetis Alazani Chabalakhi 1-2 C

GE_Cha301 Iori Chailuri 1-2 C

GE_Cha302 Iori Chailuri 2-3 C

GE_Chb301 Alazani Kardanakhi 2-3 C

GE_Chc401 Iori Taraqi 1-2 C

GE_Che201 Alazani Cheremis-Khevi 1-2 C

GE_Che202 Alazani Cheremis-Khevi 2-3 C

GE_Che203 Alazani Cheremis-Khevi 2 C

GE_Che204 Alazani Cheremis-Khevi 2-3 C

GE_Chg301 Iori Chekuraantgori 1-2 C

GE_Chh301 Alazani Chichakhvi 1-2 C

GE_Chi201 Alazani Chiauri (Baisubniskhevi) 1 B

GE_Chi202 Alazani Chiauri (Baisubniskhevi) 3 A

GE_Chi203 Alazani Chiauri (Baisubniskhevi) 2-3 C

GE_Chk201 Alazani Chilaris-Khevi 2-3 C

GE_Chk202 Alazani Chilaris-Khevi 2-3 C

GE_Chk203 Alazani Chilaris-Khevi 3-5 C

36 Surface Water Monitoring in the Alazani-Iori River Basin District (Georgia)

Ecological Category of SWB Code Sub-Basin River Name Status confidence

GE_Chl201 Alazani Chalaubnis-Khevi 2 C

GE_Chl202 Alazani Chalaubnis-Khevi 2-3 C

GE_Chn201 Alazani Chantali 2-3 C

GE_Chr301 Alazani Charasaldaori 1 B

GE_Chr302 Alazani Charasaldaori 1 B

GE_Chs301 Alazani Chantis-Khevi 1 B

GE_Cht201 Alazani Chelti 1-2 C

GE_Cht202 Alazani Chelti 2-3 C

GE_Cht203 Alazani Chelti 2-3 C

GE_Chu201 Alazani Chumat-Khevi 3-5 C

GE_Chv201 Iori Chekuraantgora 1-2 C

GE_Chv202 Iori Chekuraantgora 1-2 C

GE_Chz301 Alazani Chandaris-Khevi 1-2 C

GE_Cil401 Alazani Cilianis-Khevi 1-2 C

GE_Dam301 Alazani Damatis-Khevi (BuKhrebi) 1-2 C

GE_Did201 Iori Didi-ArKhi 2-3 C

GE_Did202 Iori Didi-ArKhi 2-3 C

GE_Did203 Iori Didi-ArKhi 2-3 C

GE_Dig301 Alazani Didgverdis-Tskali 1-2 C

GE_Dir301 Iori Didi-ArKhi 1-2 C

GE_Dkh301 Tushetis Alazani Didikhevi 1-2 C

GE_Dol301 Alazani Doliaris-Khevi 1-2 C

GE_Dur201 Alazani Duruji 1-2 C

GE_Dur202 Alazani Duruji 5 A

GE_Dve301 Alazani Patalos-Khevi 1-2 C

GE_Dve302 Alazani Didi-Veltekhi 1-2 C

GE_Dvl301 Alazani Didi-Veltekhi 1-2 C

GE_Dza201 Iori Dzaglian-Khevi 1-2 C

GE_Dza202 Iori Dzaglian-Khevi 2-3 C

GE_Dzi301 Alazani Dzirkokis-Khevi 1-2 C

GE_Esh301 Alazani Eshmakis-Gele 1 B

GE_Gel301 Alazani Gele Tskali 1-2 C

GE_Gom201 Iori Gombori 2-3 C

GE_Gom202 Iori Gombori 1-2 C

GE_Gor201 Iori Gorana 1-2 C

GE_Guk301 Alazani Gure-Khevi 1-2 C

GE_Guk302 Alazani Gure-Khevi 1-2 C

GE_Gur301 Alazani Gurula 1-2 C

GE_Gur302 Alazani Gurula 2-3 C

37 Surface Water Monitoring in the Alazani-Iori River Basin District (Georgia)

Ecological Category of SWB Code Sub-Basin River Name Status confidence

GE_Ild301 Alazani Ildajos-Khevi 1-2 C

GE_Ilt201 Alazani Ilto 1-2 C

GE_Ilt202 Alazani Ilto 1-2 C

GE_Ilt203 Alazani Ilto 1 A

GE_Ilt204 Alazani Ilto 2 A

GE_Imd201 Iori Kumuro 1-2 C

GE_Imd202 Iori Kumuro 1-2 C

GE_Ina201 Alazani Inaboti 2-3 C

GE_Inc201 Alazani Incoba 1-2 C

GE_Inc202 Alazani Incoba 2 C

GE_Inc203 Alazani Incoba 2-3 C

GE_Ing301 Alazani Ingetis-Tskali 1-2 C

GE_Ior101 Iori Iori 1 B

GE_Ior102 Iori Iori 1 B

GE_Ior103 Iori Iori 1 B

GE_Ior104 Iori Iori 2 B

GE_Ior105 Iori Iori 2 A

GE_Ior106 Iori Iori 3-5 C

GE_Ior107 Iori Iori 1-2 C

GE_Ior108 Iori Iori 2-3 C

GE_Ior109 Iori Sioni Reservoir - D

GE_Ior110 Iori Iori 3-5 D

GE_Ior111 Iori Iori 2 B

GE_Ior112 Iori Iori 2 B

GE_Ior113 Iori Iori 2 B

GE_Ior114 Iori Iori 2 A

GE_Ior115 Iori Iori 3-5 D

GE_Ior116 Iori Iori 2-3 C

GE_Ior117 Iori Iori 2-3 C

GE_Ior118 Iori Iori 2 A

GE_Ior119 Iori Iori 3-5 D

GE_Ior120 Iori Iori 3-5 D

GE_Ior121 Iori Iori 3-5 D

GE_Ior122 Iori Iori 2-3 C

GE_Ior123 Iori Iori 2-3 C

GE_Ior124 Iori Iori 5 A

GE_Ior125 Iori Iori 3 A

GE_Ior126 Iori Iori 4 A

GE_Ior127 Iori Iori 4 B

38 Surface Water Monitoring in the Alazani-Iori River Basin District (Georgia)

Ecological Category of SWB Code Sub-Basin River Name Status confidence

GE_Ior128 Iori Iori 4 B

GE_Ior129 Iori Iori 4 B

GE_Ior130 Iori Iori 4 B

GE_Ior131 Iori Dali Reservoir - D

GE_Ior132 Iori Iori 3 A

GE_Ior133 Iori Iori 2 A

GE_Ior134 Iori Iori 2-3 B

GE_Iul401 Alazani Iuldas-Khevi 1-2 C

GE_Kab201 Alazani Kabali 1 B

GE_Kab202 Alazani Kabali 1 B

GE_Kab203 Alazani Kabali 1 A

GE_Kab204 Alazani Kabali 3 A

GE_Kab205 Alazani Kabali 2 C

GE_Kab206 Alazani Kabali 2 C

GE_Kac201 Iori Kacriant-Khevi 1-2 C

GE_Kac202 Iori Kacriant-Khevi 1-2 C

GE_Kah301 Alazani Kashos-Khevi 1-2 C

GE_Kak301 Iori Kakhanebis-Khevi 1-2 C

GE_Kak302 Iori Kakhanebis-Khevi 1-2 C

GE_Kal301 Alazani Gudagori 1 B

GE_Kao201 Tushetis Alazani Khao 1-2 C

GE_Kar301 Iori Karoli-Khevi 1-2 C

GE_Kar302 Iori Karoli-Khevi 2-3 C

GE_Kar303 Iori Karoli-Khevi 2-3 C

GE_Kas301 Iori Kashos-Khevi 1 B

GE_Kas302 Iori Kashos-Khevi 1-2 C

GE_Kat301 Alazani Kabalis - Toti 1-2 C

GE_Kav301 Iori Kava-Khevi 1-2 C

GE_Kgr303 Alazani Khev-Grdzeli 1-2 C

GE_Kha201 Alazani Osiauris-Khevi 1-2 C

GE_Kha202 Alazani Khachiris-Khevi 1-2 C

GE_Kha203 Alazani Khachiris-Khevi 3-5 C

GE_Kha204 Alazani Khachiris-Khevi 2-3 C

GE_Kha205 Alazani Khachiris-Khevi 2-3 C

GE_Khg301 Iori Khragunas-Tkali 1-2 C

GE_Khh301 Tushetis Alazani Khais-Khevi 1-2 C

GE_Khi201 Tushetis Alazani Khisos-Alazani 1-2 C

GE_Khj201 Alazani Khorojos-Tskali 1-2 C

GE_Kho201 Alazani Khodashenis-Khevi (Didrike) 1-2 C

39 Surface Water Monitoring in the Alazani-Iori River Basin District (Georgia)

Ecological Category of SWB Code Sub-Basin River Name Status confidence

GE_Kho202 Alazani Khodashenis-Khevi (Didrike) 1-2 C

GE_Kho203 Alazani Khorkhlis-Rike 2-3 C

GE_Khp201 Alazani Khevis-Psha 1-2 C

GE_Khr201 Alazani Khrukias-Khevi 2-3 C

GE_Khs201 Iori Khashrula 1 B

GE_Kht201 Iori Khatkheura 1 B

GE_Khv301 Alazani Khova 1-2 C

GE_Kin201 Alazani Kindira 1-2 C

GE_Kis201 Alazani Kisis-Khevi 1-2 C

GE_Kis202 Alazani Kisis-Khevi 1-2 C

GE_Kis203 Alazani Kisis-Khevi 1-2 C

GE_Kis204 Alazani Kisis-Khevi 3-5 C

GE_Kis205 Alazani Kisis-Khevi 2-3 C

GE_Kit401 Alazani Kintis-Khevi 1-2 C

GE_Kod301 Iori Koda 1-2 C

GE_Kom401 Alazani Kotekhis-Khevi 3-5 C

GE_Kor301 Alazani Koraant-Khevi 1-2 C

GE_Kor302 Alazani Koraant-Khevi 1-2 C

GE_Kuh201 Iori Kushis-Khevi 1-2 C

GE_Kuh202 Iori Kushis-Khevi 1-2 C

GE_Kur201 Alazani Kurtanadzeuli (Khevis-Chala) 1-2 C

GE_Kur202 Alazani Kurtanadzeuli (Khevis-Chala) 1-2 C

GE_Kus201 Iori Chitaurebis-Khevi 1-2 C

GE_Kus202 Iori Chitaurebis-Khevi 1-2 C

GE_Kus203 Iori Kusno 1-2 C

GE_Kus204 Iori Kusno 1-2 C

GE_Kva301 Alazani Kvatseris-Tskali 1-2 C

GE_Kvi201 Alazani Kviriatskali 1-2 C

GE_Kvi202 Alazani Kviriatskali 2-3 C

GE_Kvi203 Alazani Kviriatskali(Ulgansu) 2-3 C

GE_Kvi204 Alazani Kviriatskali(Ulgansu) 2-3 C

GE_Kvk301 Tushetis Alazani Kvakhidis-Tskali 1-2 C

GE_Kvn301 Alazani Kviani-Khevi 1-2 C

GE_Kvn302 Alazani Kviani-Khevi 1-2 C

GE_Kvn303 Alazani Kviani-Khevi 1-2 C

GE_Kvs301 Alazani Kviskart-Khevi 1-2 C

GE_Lag301 Alazani Lagodekhis-Khevi 1 B

GE_Lag302 Alazani Lagodekhis-Khevi 2-3 C

GE_Lag303 Alazani Lagodekhis-Khevi 1-2 C

40 Surface Water Monitoring in the Alazani-Iori River Basin District (Georgia)

Ecological Category of SWB Code Sub-Basin River Name Status confidence

GE_Lag304 Alazani Matsimistskali 2-3 C

GE_Lak201 Iori Lakbe 1-2 C

GE_Lak202 Iori Lakbe 2-3 C

GE_Lak203 Iori Lakbe 2-3 C

GE_Lam201 Alazani Lamazuri 1-2 C

GE_Lap201 Iori Lapian-Khevi 1-2 C

GE_Lap202 Iori Lapian-Khevi 1-2 C

GE_Lap203 Iori Lapian-Khevi 1-2 C

GE_Lar201 Iori Lartushoulas-Khevi 1 B

GE_Lar202 Iori Lartushoulas-Khevi 1 B

GE_Lek201 Alazani Lekis-Tskali (Mlashe-Tskali) 2-3 C

GE_Lek202 Alazani Lekis-Tskali (Mlashe-Tskali) 1-2 C

GE_Lek203 Alazani Lekis-Tskali (Mlashe-Tskali) 1-2 C

GE_Lom301 Alazani Lomis-Gele 1-2 C

GE_Lom302 Alazani Lomis-Gele 1-2 C

GE_Lop201 Alazani Lopota 1-2 C

GE_Lop202 Alazani Lopota 1-2 C

GE_Lop203 Alazani Lopota 2 C

GE_Lop204 Alazani Lopota 3-5 C

GE_mag301 Alazani Magraanis-Psha 1-2 C

GE_mag302 Alazani Magraanis-Psha 2-3 C

GE_Mas201 Alazani Matsantsara 1-2 A

GE_Mas202 Alazani Matsantsara 2-3 C

GE_Mas203 Alazani Matsantsara 3-5 A

GE_Mat201 Alazani Matniskhevi 1-2 C

GE_Mat202 Alazani Matniskhevi 2-3 C

GE_Maz201 Alazani Mazimchai 1 B

GE_Maz202 Alazani Mazimchai 1 B

GE_Mde201 Alazani Anaga 1-2 C

GE_Mdi301 Iori Kargosi 1-2 C

GE_Mdn201 Alazani Vakiri 3-5 C

GE_Mdr201 Iori Mshrali Khevi 1-2 C

GE_Mdr202 Iori Mshrali Khevi 1-2 C

GE_Mdr203 Iori Mshrali Khevi 1-2 C

GE_Mgv201 Alazani Mgvrie-Khevi 1-2 C

GE_Mgv202 Alazani Mgvrie-Khevi 2-3 C

GE_Mkh201 Alazani Mutsus-Khevi 1-2 C

GE_Mko301 Iori Mkrali-Ole 1-2 C

GE_Mkr301 Alazani Mkrala 2-3 C

41 Surface Water Monitoring in the Alazani-Iori River Basin District (Georgia)

Ecological Category of SWB Code Sub-Basin River Name Status confidence

GE_Mti301 Iori Mtiult-Khevi 1-2 C

GE_Mti302 Iori Mtiult-Khevi 1-2 C

GE_Mts301 Iori Mtsari-Tskali 1-2 C

GE_nac401 Alazani Natsidris-khevi 1 B

GE_Nar301 Tushetis Alazani Larovanis Tskali 1-2 C

GE_Nin301 Alazani Ninos-Khevi 1 B

GE_Nin302 Alazani Ninos-Khevi 1 B

GE_Nin303 Alazani Ninos-Khevi 2-3 C

GE_Nin304 Alazani Ninos-Khevi 2-3 C

GE_Nin305 Alazani Ninos-Khevi 3-5 C

GE_Okh501 Alazani Okhotis-Tskali 1-2 C

GE_Ole201 Alazani Ole 3-5 D

GE_Ole202 Alazani Ole 2-3 C

GE_Oli201 Iori Ole 3-5 C

GE_Oli202 Iori Ole 2-3 C

GE_Orl201 Iori Orvili 1-2 C

GE_Orl202 Iori Orvili 1-2 C

GE_Orm203 Alazani Ormotnulis-Tskali 2-3 C

GE_Orv201 Alazani Orvili 1-2 C

GE_Orv202 Alazani Orvili 2 C

GE_Orv203 Alazani Orvili 2 C

GE_Orv204 Alazani Orvili 2-3 C

GE_Otk301 Tushetis Alazani Otkhi-Tskaro 1-2 C

GE_Ots201 Tushetis Alazani Oritskali 1-2 C

GE_Pal301 Alazani Palatminiseli 1-2 C

GE_Pam301 Alazani Patmasuri 1-2 C

GE_Pam302 Alazani Patmasuri 1-2 C

GE_Pap301 Alazani Papris-Khevi 1-2 C

GE_Pap302 Alazani Papris-Khevi 1-2 C

GE_Pat301 Alazani Pataraveti 1-2 C

GE_Pat302 Alazani Pataraveti 1-2 C

GE_Pid201 Iori Pidinat-Khevi 2-3 C

GE_Pid202 Iori Pidinat-Khevi 1-2 C

GE_Pik301 Tushetis Alazani Chigho 1-2 C

GE_Pir201 Tushetis Alazani Pirikita Alazani 1-2 C

GE_Pir202 Tushetis Alazani Pirikita Alazani 1-2 C

GE_Psh201 Alazani Psha 1-2 C

GE_Psi301 Alazani Psitianis-Khevi 1-2 C

GE_Pts301 Alazani Patara-Tsiplovani 1-2 C

42 Surface Water Monitoring in the Alazani-Iori River Basin District (Georgia)

Ecological Category of SWB Code Sub-Basin River Name Status confidence

GE_Rin201 Iori Suchkhumi 1-2 C

GE_Rin202 Iori Suchkhumi 1-2 C

GE_Rin203 Iori Suchkhumi 1-2 C

GE_Riv201 Iori Kandaura 2-3 C

GE_Rvr201 Alazani Tsnori 2-3 C

GE_Sab301 Alazani Sabunago-Tskali (Saborio-Tskali) 1 B

GE_Sac201 Iori Sachure 1-2 C

GE_Sac202 Iori Sachure 2-3 C

GE_Sag201 Iori Sagami 1 B

GE_Sag202 Iori Sagami 1-2 C

GE_Sag203 Iori Sagami 2-3 C

GE_Saj301 Alazani Sabaje-Khevi 1-2 C

GE_Sak301 Tushetis Alazani Sakaro Tskali 1-2 C

GE_Sam201 Tushetis Alazani Samruli 1-2 C

GE_Sar301 Alazani Sartana (Chakhuri-Khevi) 1 B

GE_Sep301 Alazani Sepora 1-2 C

GE_Sep302 Alazani Sepora 1-2 C

GE_Sep303 Alazani Sepora 1-2 C

GE_Sha301 Alazani Shavi 2-3 C

GE_Shk301 Alazani Shavkabakhevi 1-2 C

GE_Shk302 Alazani Shavkabakhevi 1-2 C

GE_Shm201 Alazani Shromis-Khevi 1-2 C

GE_Shm202 Alazani Shromis-Khevi 2-3 C

GE_Sho301 Alazani Shoros-Khevi 1-2 C

GE_Sho302 Alazani Shoros-Khevi 1-2 C

GE_Sho303 Alazani Shorokhi 2-3 C

GE_Shr301 Alazani Shromis-Khevi 1 B

GE_Shr302 Alazani Shromis-Khevi 2 A

GE_Shr303 Alazani Shromis-Khevi 2 A

GE_Sht201 Alazani Shavi-Tskali 1-2 C

GE_Shv201 Tushetis Alazani Shavitskali 1-2 C

GE_Sip401 Alazani Siptis -Tskali 1-2 C

GE_Smk201 Alazani Samkuristskali 1-2 C

GE_Smk202 Alazani Samkuristskali 2 B

GE_Sop201 Iori Soplinura 1 B

GE_Sto201 Alazani Stori 2 B

GE_Sto202 Alazani Stori 1 A

GE_Sto203 Alazani Stori 2 A

GE_Sto204 Alazani Stori 2-3 C

43 Surface Water Monitoring in the Alazani-Iori River Basin District (Georgia)

Ecological Category of SWB Code Sub-Basin River Name Status confidence

GE_Sva301 Alazani Svianas-Khevi 1 B

GE_Svi201 Alazani Svideba 2 C

GE_Svi202 Alazani Svideba 2 C

GE_Svi203 Alazani Svideba 2 C

GE_Tal101 Tushetis Alazani Tushetis Alazani 1-2 C

GE_Tal102 Tushetis Alazani Tushetis Alazani 1-2 C

GE_Tal103 Tushetis Alazani Tushetis Alazani 1-2 C

GE_Tal104 Tushetis Alazani Tushetis alazani (Koisu) 1-2 C

GE_Tan201 Alazani Tanana 2-3 C

GE_Tek301 Iori Tekhiani 1-2 C

GE_Tek302 Iori Tekhiani 1-2 C

GE_Tel201 Iori Telian-Khevi 2 C

GE_Ter301 Alazani Telavis-Rike 2-3 C

GE_Ter302 Alazani Telavis-Rike 3-5 D

GE_Tkh401 Alazani Tkhiliskhevi 1-2 C

GE_Tlz201 Tushetis Alazani Vestmovake 1-2 C

GE_Tok301 Iori Tokhliauris-Rike 1-2 C

GE_Tol301 Alazani Toloshis-Khevi 1 B

GE_Tra301 Iori Tranuli-Khevi 1-2 C

GE_Tra302 Iori Tranuli-Khevi 1-2 C

GE_Tri301 Iori Mariamjvari 1-2 C

GE_Tri302 Iori Mariamjvari 1-2 C

GE_Tri303 Iori Mariamjvari 2-3 C

GE_Tri304 Iori Mariamjvari 2 C

GE_Tsi201 Alazani Tsiliani 2-3 C

GE_Tsk301 Tushetis Alazani Tsokhvi 1-2 C

GE_Tsn201 Alazani Busheti 1-2 C

GE_Tsn202 Alazani Tsinlianis-Khevi 2-3 C

GE_Tso201 Tushetis Alazani Tsovatis-Tskali 1-2 C

GE_Tur201 Alazani Turdo 1-2 C

GE_Tur202 Alazani Turdo 1-2 C

GE_Tur203 Alazani Turdo 2-3 C

GE_Tus401 Alazani Tushchai 1 B

GE_Tva201 Iori Tvalt-Khevi 2-3 C

GE_Tva202 Iori Tvalt-Khevi 2-3 C

GE_Uch201 Alazani Uchara 1-2 C

GE_Uch202 Alazani Kusistskaro 2-3 C

GE_Uzu201 Alazani Uzundaris-Khevi 1-2 C

GE_Vak201 Tushetis Alazani Vakisdziriskhevi 1-2 C

44 Surface Water Monitoring in the Alazani-Iori River Basin District (Georgia)

Ecological Category of SWB Code Sub-Basin River Name Status confidence

GE_Van201 Alazani Vantis-Khevi 1-2 C

GE_Van202 Alazani Vantis-Khevi 2-3 C

GE_Ved301 Alazani Mukhlianis-Khevi 1-2 C

GE_Ved302 Alazani Vedziruli 3-5 C

GE_Vej201 Alazani Vejinis-Khevi 2-3 C

GE_Ver301 Iori Verkhveli 1-2 C

GE_Ver302 Iori Verkhveli 1-2 C

GE_Ves301 Tushetis Alazani Vestmokhevi 1-2 C

GE_Zal201 Iori Zalikanis-Khevi 1-2 C

GE_Zan201 Alazani Zangauris-Khevi 2-3 C

GE_Zan202 Alazani Zangauris-Khevi 1-2 C

GE_Zur201 Iori Zurzutebi 1-2 C