Impact of Some Alternative Methods to Chemical Control in Controlling Aphids
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Chromosome-Level Genome Assembly of the Horned-Gall Aphid, Schlechtendalia
bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.02.17.431348; this version posted February 18, 2021. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. 1 Chromosome-level genome assembly of the horned-gall aphid, Schlechtendalia 2 chinensis (Hemiptera: Aphididae: Erisomatinae) 3 4 Hong-Yuan Wei1#, Yu-Xian Ye2#, Hai-Jian Huang4, Ming-Shun Chen3, Zi-Xiang Yang1*, Xiao-Ming Chen1*, 5 Chuan-Xi Zhang2,4* 6 1Research Institute of Resource Insects, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Kunming, China 7 2Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China 8 3Department of Entomology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA 9 4State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products; 10 Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant 11 Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China 12 #Contributed equally. 13 *Correspondence 14 Zi-Xiang Yang, Research Institute of Resource Insects, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Kunming, China. 15 E-mail: [email protected] 16 Xiao-Ming Chen, Research Institute of Resource Insects, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Kunming, China. 17 E-mail: [email protected] 18 Chuan-Xi Zhang, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China. 19 E-mail: [email protected] 20 Funding information 21 National Natural Science Foundation of China, Grant/Award number: 31872305, U1402263; The basic research 22 program of Yunnan Province, Grant/Award number: 202001AT070016; The grant for Innovative Team of ‘Insect 23 Molecular Ecology and Evolution’ of Yunnan Province 24 25 Abstract 26 The horned gall aphid Schlechtendalia chinensis, is an economically important insect that induces 27 galls valuable for medicinal and chemical industries. -
A REVISION of the GENUS ERIOSOMA and ITS ALLIED GENERA in JAPAN (HOMOPTERA : Title APHIDOIDEA)
A REVISION OF THE GENUS ERIOSOMA AND ITS ALLIED GENERA IN JAPAN (HOMOPTERA : Title APHIDOIDEA) Author(s) Akimoto, Shin'ichi Insecta matsumurana. New series : journal of the Faculty of Agriculture Hokkaido University, series entomology, 27, Citation 37-106 Issue Date 1983-10 Doc URL http://hdl.handle.net/2115/9821 Type bulletin (article) File Information 27_p37-106.pdf Instructions for use Hokkaido University Collection of Scholarly and Academic Papers : HUSCAP INSECT A M ATSUMURANA NEW SERIES 27: 37-106 OCTOBER 1983 A REVISION OF THE GENUS ERIOSOMA AND ITS ALLIED GENERA IN JAPAN (HOMOPTERA: APHIDOIDEA) By SHIN'rcHI AKIMOTO Abstract AKIMOTO, S. 1983. A reVlSIOn of the genus Eriosoma and its allied genera in Japan (Homoptera: Aphidoidea). Ins. matsum. n.S. 27: 37-106, 3 tabs., 26 figs. Nine species of Eriosoma and its allied genera, all leaf-roll aphids on Ulmaceae and occur ring in Japan, are dealt with. Descriptions of gall-generations, exules, sexuparae and galls are given, with brief biological notes for some species. The species-complex hitherto called Eriosoma japonicum is classified into 6 species, including 5 ones new to science. A parasitic form of Eriosoma yangi, occurring on Ulmus davidiana var. japonica, is formally described as a new subspecies different from the nominate form on Ulmus parvifolia in not only behavior but also morphological characters of their fundatrices. The subdivision of Eriosoma is recon sidered in connection with the divergence and distribution of the host plants, and the ulmi group is newly proposed. A leaf-roll aphid associated with Zelkova is described as a new species belonging to Hemipodaphis, which has only been known from the morph occurring on the secon dary host in India; on the basis of the new species Hemipodaphis is transferred to the Pemphigidae (Eriosomatinae) from the Hormaphididae. -
Aphis Spiraecola
Rapid Pest Risk Analysis (PRA) for Aphis spiraecola STAGE 1: INITIATION 1. What is the name of the pest? Aphis spiraecola Patch (Hemiptera, Aphididae) – Spiraea aphid (also Green citrus aphid). Synonyms: many, due to historic confusion over its identity; most common is Aphis citricola van der Goot (see CABI, 2013). 2. What initiated this rapid PRA? The UK Plant Health Risk Register identified the need to update the first UK PRA (MacLeod, 2000), taking into account recent information on hosts, impacts, vectored pathogens and UK status. 3. What is the PRA area? The PRA area is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. STAGE 2: RISK ASSESSMENT 4. What is the pest’s status in the EC Plant Health Directive (Council Directive 2000/29/EC1) and in the lists of EPPO2? Aphis spiraecola is not listed in the EC Plant Health Directive, not recommended for regulation as a quarantine pest by EPPO and it is not on the EPPO Alert List. 5. What is the pest’s current geographical distribution? Aphis spiraecola probably originates in the Far East. It is now very widespread around the world in temperate and tropical regions, occurring across every continent except Antarctica (CABI, 2013). In Europe, A. spiraecola is found around the Mediterranean, with a patchy Balkan distribution and it is absent from Scandinavia and the Baltic states. It is stated as present in: Spain, Portugal, France, Switzerland, Italy, Slovenia, Croatia, Serbia, Hungary, Bulgaria, Greece, Cyprus, Malta, and Russia (west of the Urals) (CABI 2013). It is not confirmed as being established in the Netherlands, either outdoors or under protection. -
Suitability of Aphis Gossypii Glover, Aphis Fabae Scop. and Ephestia
Arch Biol Sci. 2018;70(4):737-747 https://doi.org/10.2298/ABS180620038M Suitability of Aphis gossypii Glover, Aphis fabae Scop. and Ephestia kuehniella Zeller eggs for the biology and life-table parameters of Adalia decempunctata (L.) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) Zahra Mojib-Haghghadam1,4, Jalal Jalali Sendi1,2,*, Arash Zibaee1,2 and Jafar Mohaghegh3 1 Department of Plant Protection, University Campus 2, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran 2 Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran 3 Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran 4 Plant Protection Research Department, Guilan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Rasht, Iran *Corresponding author: [email protected] Received: June 20, 2018; Revised: August 18, 2018; Accepted: August 28, 2018; Published online: September 20, 2018 Abstract: Adalia decempunctata (L.) is a common predator in agroecosystems and the natural environment. Its biology and life table were studied in nymph/adult hosts of Aphis gossypii Glover, Aphis fabae Scop. and on the eggs of Ephestia kuehniella Zeller. Raw data of all individuals of A. decempunctata were analyzed using the age-stage, two-sex, life-table theory. The results of this study indicate a shortest immature developmental period (IDP) of A. decempunctata feeding on eggs of E. kuehniella (18.33 days) and the longest on A. fabae (21.82 days). The longest longevity was, however, after feeding on A. gossypii. The fecundity rate of females on E. kuehniella was the highest (2405.12 eggs/female). The intrinsic rates of increase of A. -
Melon Aphid Or Cotton Aphid, Aphis Gossypii Glover (Insecta: Hemiptera: Aphididae)1 John L
EENY-173 Melon Aphid or Cotton Aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover (Insecta: Hemiptera: Aphididae)1 John L. Capinera2 Distribution generation can be completed parthenogenetically in about seven days. Melon aphid occurs in tropical and temperate regions throughout the world except northernmost areas. In the In the south, and at least as far north as Arkansas, sexual United States, it is regularly a pest in the southeast and forms are not important. Females continue to produce southwest, but is occasionally damaging everywhere. Be- offspring without mating so long as weather allows feeding cause melon aphid sometimes overwinters in greenhouses, and growth. Unlike many aphid species, melon aphid is and may be introduced into the field with transplants in the not adversely affected by hot weather. Melon aphid can spring, it has potential to be damaging almost anywhere. complete its development and reproduce in as little as a week, so numerous generations are possible under suitable Life Cycle and Description environmental conditions. The life cycle differs greatly between north and south. In the north, female nymphs hatch from eggs in the spring on Egg the primary hosts. They may feed, mature, and reproduce When first deposited, the eggs are yellow, but they soon parthenogenetically (viviparously) on this host all summer, become shiny black in color. As noted previously, the eggs or they may produce winged females that disperse to normally are deposited on catalpa and rose of sharon. secondary hosts and form new colonies. The dispersants typically select new growth to feed upon, and may produce Nymph both winged (alate) and wingless (apterous) female The nymphs vary in color from tan to gray or green, and offspring. -
Natural* Pest Control in the Home Garden Why Go the Natural Route?
Natural* Pest Control in the Home Garden Why go the natural route? • Safety • Sustainability • Insect resistance • Cost considerations • $ • Time • Health Natural Controls • At least some natural forces act on all organisms, causing populations to rise and fall • Be aware of the influence of natural forces and whether or not you can harness them to balance the scales in your favor • Climate • Natural enemies • Geography/Environment • Sustenance • Shelter Disease Triangle So I want to go more natural. What are my strategies? First Thing’s First: Document everything. Plant/Variety Selection • Right plant, right place (think of the disease triangle) • Stressed plants emit pheromones that attract insect pests • Some plants resist pest attacks better than others • Heirlooms vs hybrids Timing • Time plantings so that majority of crop will avoid peak pest infestations Cultural/Mechanical Control • Spacing • Plant strength • Airflow/circulation • Pathogen dispersal • Plant Strength Cultural/Mechanical Control • Weeds, grass around garden may harbor harmful pests • Gardens started on formerly turfed area may contain harmful larvae and formidable weeds Cultural/Mechanical Control • Crop Rotation/Cover Crop • Soil health • Weed control Cultural/Mechanical Control • Row Covers Cultural/Mechanical Control Sanitation • Removal of sick, dying, dead plant material • Mulch • Know when to call it quits Trapping • Very practical, just require a threshold • Traps for wide range of pests available commercially Scouting • Not just what you see – context is -
Harmonia Axyridis
REVIEW Eur. J. Entomol. 110(4): 549–557, 2013 http://www.eje.cz/pdfs/110/4/549 ISSN 1210-5759 (print), 1802-8829 (online) Harmonia axyridis (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) as a host of the parasitic fungus Hesperomyces virescens (Ascomycota: Laboulbeniales, Laboulbeniaceae): A case report and short review PIOTR CERYNGIER1 and KAMILA TWARDOWSKA2 1 Faculty of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski University, Wóycickiego 1/3, 01-938 Warsaw, Poland; e-mail: [email protected] 2 Department of Phytopathology and Entomology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Prawochenskiego 17, 10-721 Olsztyn, Poland; e-mail: [email protected] Key words. Ascomycota, Laboulbeniales, Hesperomyces virescens, Coleoptera, Coccinellidae, Harmonia axyridis, host-parasite association, novel host, range shift, host suitability, Acari, Podapolipidae, Coccipolipus hippodamiae, Nematoda, Allantonematidae, Parasitylenchus Abstract. Hesperomyces virescens is an ectoparasite of some Coccinellidae, which until the mid-1990s was relatively rarely only reported from warm regions in various parts of the world. Analysis of the host and distribution data of H. virescens recorded in the Western Palaearctic and North America reveals several trends in the occurrence and abundance of H. virescens: (1) it has recently been much more frequently recorded, (2) most of the recent records are for more northerly (colder) localities than the early records and (3) the recent records are mostly of a novel host, the invasive harlequin ladybird (Harmonia axyridis). While in North America H. virescens is almost exclusively found on H. axyridis, all European records of this association are very recent and still less numerous than records of Adalia bipunctata as a host. -
Detection of Citrus Tristeza Virus by Print Capture and Squash Capture-PCR in Plant Tissues and Single Aphids
Fourteenth IOCV Conference, 2000—Citrus Tristeza Virus Detection of Citrus Tristeza Virus by Print Capture and Squash Capture-PCR in Plant Tissues and Single Aphids M. Cambra, A. Olmos, M. T. Gorris, C. Marroquín, O. Esteban, S. M. Garnsey, R. Llauger, L. Batista, I. Peña, and A. Hermoso de Mendoza ABSTRACT. Two sensitive methods using immobilized targets on membranes (hemi-nested- PCR and nested-PCR in a single closed tube) were applied successfully for amplification of citrus tristeza virus (CTV) targets from plant material (print capture) and aphids (squash capture). Amplification was obtained from different aphid species regardless of transmission efficiency showing that CTV is acquired by different aphid species. The use of preprinted or presquashed targets offers a new and sensitive diagnostic tool for CTV detection for many applications includ- ing epidemiological studies. Index words. Citrus tristeza virus, detection, aphids, Toxoptera citricida, Aphis gossypii, Aphis nerii, Hyalopterus pruni, squash capture-PCR, print capture-PCR, hemi-nested-PCR, nested-PCR. Citrus tristeza virus (CTV) is one The use of certified pathogen-free of the most detrimental virus diseas- plants and epidemiological studies es of citrus (2), especially where CTV- to track the incidence and spread of sensitive rootstocks are used. CTV is CTV in the field are the two strate- vectored by a number of aphid spe- gies to manage the tristeza problem. cies (Homoptera, Aphididae) in a Accurate epidemiological data al- noncirculative, semi-persistent man- lows the proper recommendation to ner (19). Seven aphid species have be given to a grower on what to do to been determined as CTV vectors in control CTV such as the use of se- different geographical areas (13). -
Quoted, May Be Found in Marriner (1926, 1939A and B), Bayford (1947), Allen (Sg) and Conway (1958)
GEOGRAPHIC VARIATION IN THE TWO-SPOT LADYBiRD IN ENGLAND AND WALES E. R. CREED Genetics Laboratory, DepartmentofZoology, Oxford Received6.v.65 1.INTRODUCTION Twoof the most variable species of ladybird in this country are Adalia bipunctata and A. decempunctata. Hawkes (5920, 5927) drew attention to the differences in frequency of the varieties of A. bipunctata in this country, mainly around Birmingham; she found that the black forms predominated in the city while they were less common or rare else- where. In London the black forms comprised only a few per cent, of the population. Further information, though figures are not always quoted, may be found in Marriner (1926, 1939a and b), Bayford (1947), Allen (sg) and Conway (1958). Theinsect has also attracted attention in Europe, but more so in some countries than others. It was in this species that Timofeeff- Ressovsky (i 94oa, i 94ob) demonstrated the action of strong selection in Berlin. He found that the black varieties had a higher mortality than the red during hibernation, but that their relative numbers increased again during the summer. Lusis (ig6i) has reviewed the distribution of the varieties of A. bipunctata in Europe and western Russia and suggests that two conditions tend to favour the black ones: (x) in places with a maritime, more humid climate the percentage of black forms in the populations of Adalia bipunctata L. is as a rule higher than in places with a more continental climate, and (2) in large cities, especially in those with highly developed industry, the percentage of black forms irs the adalia-populations is higher than in towns and in the countryside with similar climate." Unfortunately the only figures for the British Isles apparently available to Lusis were those in Hawkes' second paper (5927), and some of these he disregards. -
Brown Citrus Aphid, Toxoptera Citricida (Kirkaldy) (Insecta: Hemiptera: Aphididae)1 S
EENY-007 Brown Citrus Aphid, Toxoptera citricida (Kirkaldy) (Insecta: Hemiptera: Aphididae)1 S. E. Halbert and L. G. Brown2 The Featured Creatures collection provides in-depth profiles The initial counties found to be infested in Florida were of insects, nematodes, arachnids and other organisms Dade and Broward, and the majority of infested trees were relevant to Florida. These profiles are intended for the use of in dooryard situations. Several months after detection, interested laypersons with some knowledge of biology as well infestations were discovered in the commercial lime as academic audiences. production area, indicating range expansion about 15 miles south of the area delimited by the original survey. An Introduction eventual spread throughout Florida is expected. The brown citrus aphid, Toxoptera citricida (Kirkaldy), is one of the world’s most serious pests of citrus. Although Identification brown citrus aphid alone can cause serious damage to Worldwide, 16 species of aphids are reported to feed citrus, it is even more of a threat to citrus because of its regularly on citrus. Four more species may be occasional efficient transmission of citrus tristeza closterovirus (CTV). pests (Blackman and Eastop 1984; Stoetzel 1994). Of these One of the most devastating citrus crop losses ever reported 20 species, four are found consistently in Florida groves: followed the introduction of brown citrus aphid into Brazil and Argentina: 16 million citrus trees on sour orange • Aphis craccivora Koch, cowpea aphid rootstock were killed by CTV (Carver 1978). • Aphis gossypii Clover, cotton or melon aphid Distribution • Aphis spiraecola Patch, spirea aphid • Toxoptera aurantii (Boyer de Fonscolombe), black citrus The current distribution of brown citrus aphid includes aphid Southeast Asia (Carver 1978; Tao and Tan 1961), Africa south of the Sahara, Australia, New Zealand, the Pacific An additional three species are rarely collected on citrus in Islands, South America, the Caribbean, and Florida. -
Ecology of Citrus Aphids and Their Importance to Virus Transmission
JARQ 28, 177 - 184 (1994) Ecology of Citrus Aphids and Their Importance to Virus Transmission Shinkichi KOMAZAKI* Okitsu Branch, Fruit Tree Research Station (Okitsu, Shimizu, Shizuoka, 424-02 Japan) Abstract World aphid species attacking citrus are reviewed. The 4 aphids, Toxoptera citricidus, T. aurantii, Aphis gossypii and A. spiraecola are the major species whereas other 11 species are less important. Their occurrence varies with the countries or districts. Aphid life cycle in general and that of the major 4 species are described. Ecology of and factors affecting the occurrence of 3 important citrus aphids in Japan are described and relations between aphid populations and some factors controlling aphid populations are outlined. Transmission of citrus tristeza virus (CTV) is reviewed and transmission rate of T. citricidus and A gossypii is compared in relation to different strains of CTV or of aphids. All of 4 world important species can transmit CTV. Especially, T. citrici dus andA. gossypii are efficient vectors of CTV in different areas of the world. Discipline: Insect pest Additional keywords: Aphis gossypii, Aphis spiraecola, CTV, Toxoptera citricidus, Toxopt,e ra aurantii attack citrus but they occur occasionally and World aphid species attacking citrus their populations are small. Several aphid species attack citrus in the General biology of aphids 2 4 13 2 world • • • 2.JS.37). All belong to the family Aphididae. Four important species i.nclude Fig. I depicts the aphid life-cycle. Aphid Toxoptera citricidus, Toxoptera auranlii, Aphis propagates parthenogenetically and partheno gossypii and Aphis spiraecola (Table 1). The genesis is linked to viviparity. Sexual and par species composition and seasonal occurrence thenogenetic reproduction alternates in the li fe differ in each area or country. -
Managing Yard Pest Contents
Managing Yard Pests NC COOPERATIVE EXTENSION FORSYTH COUNTY CENTER 1450 Fairchild Road Winston-Salem NC 27105 Phone: 336-703-2850 Website: www.forsyth.cc/ces 1 Managing Yard Pests Contents All of the information in this booklet can be found via the internet. The link for each leaflet is listed beside the title. There are many more leaflets and useful information found on our State Urban Horticulture Site at: http://www.ces.ncsu.edu/depts/hort/consumer/ and on our local county websites at: http://www.forsyth.cc/ces or http://forsyth.ces.ncsu.edu. Encouraging Existing Beneficial Insects – http://www.ces.ncsu.edu/depts/hort/consumer/quickref/pest%20management/encourage_benefical_insects.htm Plants That Attract Beneficial Insects – http://www.ces.ncsu.edu/depts/hort/consumer/quickref/pest%20management/plants_attract_beneficial.html Beneficial Insects - http://www.ces.ncsu.edu/depts/hort/consumer/quickref/pest%20management/beneficial_insects.html Botanical Insecticides – http://www.ces.ncsu.edu/depts/hort/consumer/quickref/pest%20management/botanical_insecticides.html Homemade Insect Control – http://www.ces.ncsu.edu/depts/hort/consumer/quickref/pest%20management/homemade_insect_control.html Home Vegetable Insect Control – http://cherokee.ces.ncsu.edu/files/library/20/homegardeninsectcontrol.pdf Biological Control Information Center – http://cipm.ncsu.edu/ent/biocontrol/qanda.htm Managing Diseases in the Home Vegetable Garden – http://www.ces.ncsu.edu/depts/hort/consumer/agpubs/ag-436.pdf Ornamental Disease Information Notes (different links to ornamental disease leaflets) – http://www.ces.ncsu.edu/depts/pp/notes/Ornamental/ornamental_contents.html 2 Take advantage of biological controls in your garden by encouraging natural predators, such as praying mantids, ladybugs, lacewings, and ground beetles.