4V' MS BRONZE PAGEANT

.-/ Critical ^ oicr of the Black Community

Vol 5 No. 3 Summer 1975 ANGELA DAVIS AT OU This new level of understanding is not peculiar to Ohio University, it did not JIM STEELE represent lip service to Ms. Davis but it has come out of seeing the attempts by monopoly to "rape SPEAKS ON CUBA the Statue of Liberty," to rape "Cuba is the real home of the the U.S. base at Guantanamo be Joan Little, to rape Vietnam, free," analyzed James Steele, a closed. Cambodia, Chile and to rape the former faculty member in the Further Steele called for young pocketbooks of the peoples of Black Studies Institutte who is U.S. citizens to prepare for the this country with the so-called presently the National Chairman 11th World Festival of Youth and fuel, sugar, and job shortages. of the Young Workers Liberation Students to be held in Havana in So when students took the League. 1978. microphone and called for unity to Steele addressed a luncheon "If socialism can work 90 miles "free Joan Little so that we could held for Angela Davis and himself from the bastion of world racism, free ourselves," the tremendous last Friday. His topic was "Cuba: it can work here," maintained receptivity of the audience came A Socialist Country Without Steele. Angela Davis makes a point; Jim Steele ponders as no surprise. Racism." "The justice system is a "In just sixteen years, the By R.J. Johnson criminal system," declared Ms. Cuban Revolution has done more BSI Faculty Turnover An exciting, heart throbbing Davis. She pointed out that the for the Cuban peoples than has climax for International Women dead jailer had his shoes and pants 200 years of capitalism in the By Vivia n L; Adams Political Prisoners Week was off when he entered the cell of provided last Friday when the Joan Little with an ice pick in his United States," commented The Black Studies Institute as Rodney Sampson on the National Co-chairperson of the hand. "What the hell is a man Steele. it stands today is undergoing faculty of history and political National Alliance Against Racist doing in a woman's cell at night "Just the mere fact that Cuba changes for the upcoming fall Science will continue as a part is a socialist country means that it quarter. Discussions and and Political Repression called for anyway?" questioned Ms. Davis. time faculty member next year. A the greatest unity possible in does not have racism," said Steele. interviews with various members dedicated faculty member, he is She issued a call for students at He mentioned his experiences of the faculty revealed that some order to defeat "racism, Ohio University to do two major known among students for his repression and sexism." while touring areas ofthe country of them are leaving. hard but fair mid-term and final. tasks. (1) As many students as and -seeing students "of all hues, Angela Y. Davis spoke in a possible to go to the May 31 Assistant Dean Mary Stewart Francine Childs, professor of of all colors," studying together rally to Free Joan Little and later March on Washington, D.C. for said that in her position, she has Education with qualifications in and "people living in harmony. addressed students and faculty Rev. Ben Chavis and Wilmington had some very broad, sometimes counseling and administration, members on the need to 10. (2) For students to found an "If there is a special group of good educational experiences. She also popular among students will concretely organize to fight for O.U. chapter of the National privledged people in Cuba, it has feels that the BSI provides a be returning next year. There is social change. Both activities were Alliance Against Racist and to be the children, the youth. This central point for blacks. It also some talk among reliable sources in Baker Center Ballroom. Political Repression. is because the future above allows the university community that Dr. Childs is applying for the Speaker after speaker in the everything else must be to learn of contributions made by Assistant Deanship. At the time of the composing guaranteed," stressed Steele. Free Joan Little rally went to the of this article nearly 60 students blacks to human progress. Mrs. Professor Robert Rhodes will "Socialism in Cuba is now a fact. podium in the jam packed, highly expressed their willingness to go Stewart feels that a main be in Athens on a full time basis It is irreversible." Steele charged Ballroom atmosphere and to the Washington, D.C. rally if weakness of the Institute is its next fall. He has taught political called for the right of women to transportation is provided. explained that in Cuban political inability to expand due to budget economy and socio-economic defend themselves from the Considering that the march is two life young people at 16 years of cuts,and the lack of foresight of development for the past five inhuman barbaric beasts, pushed days before Finals Week age can hold public office and two its previous administrators. years at the BSI on a part-time on by this decaying society." commences, one can safely say years later can be elected to Antar Mberi, instructor of basis. Prof. Rhodes is coming Every speaker from Steve Barnett that a new realization of political national leadership. "Education is literature is also leaving. He will from Chicago and may' find the of the Farmworkers Support obligations has been inspired in free, in fact Cuban youth are paid return to New York to direct a transition to quiet Athens as being Committee, to Dwight Kirk ofthe many, many people. to attend college. Just think about community center in Harlem, challenging. it if youwere paid to attend New York. Mberi, formerly a Super Bees, to Albert Elam ofthe Consequently, the visit of Ms. Lindi Pettiford, a popular I college. Just think about it if you student here expresses grave iigmas, to Debra Milner of the Davis did make a significant professor of literature and were paid $100 to go to Ohio concerns about funding. Young Workers Liberation impact in that respect. comparative social systems in University " said Steele. Incidentally, a book of poetry League, to Angela Harris, campus South Africa and the United Most students who heard her edited by Mberi, Speak Easy, poetess to former O.U. Black In Cuba there are workshops States will be back. Ms. Pettiford speak and talked with her Speak Free will be published by Studies faculty member, James on all topics outside of the is the advisor of the afterwards were not frightened by International Publishers in Steele, presently the National classrooms where young people Afro-American Affairs. the Communist bogey. They were learn how to fly airplanes, buiod September. Chairman of the YWLL, to Ms. impressed with a black woman Mr. Robert Peppers, one of Davis, called for the complete computers and/or anything else Adrian Livingston, former Communist who maintains her America's leading artists, will also support of Joan Little. they want to learn, according to editor of Afro-American Affairs composure in this vile, polluted, return. Peppers has taken the The notions of "self defense" Steele. and currently on the BSI faculty manure filled country and comes campus by storm with his and of "jailing the real criminals" Steele urged that U.S. youth is leaving O.U. to return to school. out smelling like a rose. These symposiums which have presented was articulated by each speaker. It start to build a movement in She will be attending Indiana students have not been converted the best of talent that the OU signified the attainment of a new solidarity with the Cuban peoples. University, enrolled in the PhD to communism but there is a black community has to offer. level on campus in the In order to further detente, whch program in Comparative general recognition that Ms. Davis Peppers works with the arts understanding of how racism, would mean trade thus more jobs Literature. She intends to pursue accepts all people on whatever workshops and is very active in his repression and the social system in the U.S., that the "racist" literary criticism and also do some level they will struggle and does field, painting. breeds these crimes against the blockade of Cuba be ended and writing. not force herself upon them. peoples of this country. Continued on page 9 page 2 Afro-American Affairs Summer 1975 news turn me 'round" seems to read the Concerning Black Women she same in black, brown, red, yellows wrote to George Jackson "I am Perspective and white. convinced that the solution is not ANGELA DA VIS Angelas fight is now as it was to persuade the black woman to by Mbindi before imprisonment against a relax her reins on the black male system that distorts the but to translate the "be a good "...treating people in other rut mess prison fuerachy because Angela Davis is a charged of her acute awareness and that boy " syndrome into a "take the name. Whatever the perspective, countries the way black people sword in ha nd "attitude...we have are treated here (U.S.A.). It is the of her comrades for only unity wherever the origin of of action, only a massive ocean of been forced into performing the multitudinous biases, what person full significance of this historical people can put the kind of most degrading kind of labour--a does not respond with energy, perspective that Gov. Ronald pressure necessary to free her. She sex machine for the white slave however shaded or shielded; Reagan understood so thoroughly was indeed freed by the people. master" energy nonetheless, when about Angela. Representing the Her allegiance to them now Those who know Angela we li contemplating the name or person forces of monopoly capital, he translates into her involvement say that one becomes over of Angela! and the board of regents had to with issues and cases pertaining to whelmed by the fine fire of a What went wrong? The teafh Angela a lesson. political prisoners. human being, by the inner quality intellectuals and the liberal press The Nixon, and Rockefellers Her testament to her of mind and heart of this constantly insinuate the would try to say that people dedication to the matter of this - woman-child from a strange land. question into their editorials and fighting for an end to the Radical, yes, because she seeks category of prisoners is National briefs and intellectual exploitation of man by man, solutions to the root-deep causes Alliance Against Racism _ and meanderings as they searched for would have no place, no respect, of apparent social pehenomena. Political Repression, an the "real" reasons that made such no rights in California. And for Militant; Yes because she will orgainization she co founded. The a "nice" girl, a highly successful, the doubting Thomases they assume a positive posture in the acquittal verdict was never what apparently able and stable black would establish the nature and Angela Davis struggle for higher beliefs and the mass media tried to project. woman, this citizen of the U.S.A. direction of education in California physical but always the nights for the oppressed. The frame up was blatant from join The Communist Party U.S.A. by allowingProfessor Shockley to psychological contours of men and Revolutionary; Yes because she the start. The verdict does Obviously they did not analyze continue spreading his theory that women, and children. That is how wants a transformation, not just however, remain an affirmation the dimensions and implications has as its ultimate goal the she got involved with the plight of the slight shifting of tears, not and a celebration of collective of being black, being a woman physical elimination of blacks the Soledad Brothers in the first reform which thrives on more responsibility in struggling for being a citizen of these United from the face of the earth. place out of conviction. It is not pleas and concessions and alters principles, in struggles based on States. Nor could they fully Shockleys eugenics is defined as enough to be aware and angry and nothing ultimately substantially. superior values and hopes. Is it a comprehend if they tried to "the science of improving the applauding, she quickly reminds And so far for Angela Davis coincidence that there was analyze. Their point of reference qualities of a breed or species audiences. She will quickly drown "revolution is never an interim dancing crying and laughing always was, still is and we hope especially The human race by applause with a louder voice and "thing-to-do" before settling simultaneously experienced by so that it will not always be, derived careful selection of parents." higher pitch in order not to allow down, it is no fashionable club many thousands all over the from capitalist imperatives; but Shockley's mandate is genocide, hysteria and mesmerizing with newly muted jargon, or a country and the world? A similar newer alternatives to the system. his springboard is "Academic cadances to titilate the blood and new kind of social life-made euphoric affirmation and It is precisely at this point that freedom." The freedom denied obscure the urgency of her thrilling by risk and celebration enjoyed by the former Angela outdistances her critics, Angela, is one that would counter confrontation, made glamorous Provisional Revolutionary message.; thus allowing the especially the "nice" "liberal" the Shockleys in Academia for as by costume. Reovlution is a Government of Vietnam must be seriousness of her substance to ones. she clearly illiminates "Racists serious thing, the most serious the result of such a collective dissipate into a common have no right to spread their thing about a revolutionary's life; What went wrong is three responsibility and world wide "feelgood" rap session. Be poison, to contaminate with their When one commits oneself, it hundred and fifty years of support. "Aint gonna let nobody conscious, she always seems to plunderous relations the U.S.A. disease." She is unemployed not asser t. must be for a lifetime. has with its people and others by her choice, and Shockley elsewhere, would be Angela's works. response. This is central to Prison has to be a test of will Charlayne Mitchell Raps beginning to appreciate her for anyone. It is especially for concerns. What went wrong is the political prisoners. It must be in tragically inadequate seesaw order to break and twist visions. Racist And Political R epression political system that limits How long can the fine fibre be Charlayne Mitchell of the North Carolina when Joan Little official medical evidence is political choice between the stretched without the fatal moral National Committee on repression is being tried. Ms. Mitchell disregarded; and in a state" with Republican and Democratic and spiritual rupture. For political and racism made a presentation discussed the social economic some of the most repressive social, parties. She found the ideological prisoners, it is also a contest of on Black women at O.U. Her talk conditions of Blacks there. She political and economic and organizational alternative in beliefs, of values. How long can was most informative and spoke of the adverse political conditions? the Communist Party. "I needed one sustain an ideological effective. Her approach to her climate. Then she mentidned that Speaking about the role of to become a part of a serious perspective with all the intricacies, topic was one of placing it in its one member of the highest court professional and university revolutionary party. I wanted an subleties and overt, onslaught proper perspective as one of a of that state had no qualms about women in the struggle against anchor, a base, a mooring. I designed to intimidate to series of questions which have to being a Klu Klux Klan grand repression, Ms. Mitchell needed comrades with whom I submission. Yet it is this very be solved; first of all on a national dragon. She elaborated further on commented that the Feminist could share a common ideology." ideological perspective the system basis and then on an international this by stating the process movement has for the most part What else went wrong if one could not touch. It is this that level. Each of these questions is of political patronage by which he been of bourgeois orientation and has to penetrate the real causes is guaranteed Angela Davis her sanity important in itself; however it is was appointed. Extending her has failed to deal with the the very foundation stone that is . "I fought the tendency to not total. Its solution is analysis, she pointed out evidence problems of working class women the management of the economy, individualize my predicament." phospherescent if it does not which showed a disproportionate who constitute a majority of with the guidance, direction and And "I realized how easy it is to ultimately address itself to the number of Black men and women women workers. They are also the control of monopoly capitalism. lose perspective when you are larger class question of which it is being held in North Carolina jails most exploited of women, earning Summed up, what went wrong is imprisoned-particularly if you" a part. and the distinctly overwhelming a meager 30 cents an hour. Thus, imperialism and its capacity to cannot communicate with others Accordingly, Ms. Mitchell presence of Blacks on Death row. professional women cannot be the blight--as it still does affect two who share your condition. Angela covered a variety of topics ranging Ms. Mitchell . then brought her focus of the movement for thirds ofthe world, including the does not see herself as special. from the Viet Nam War to analysis to Beauford county, that women's emancipation. They do U.S.A. The other third, the Even as a political prisoner we political repression in the United in which Joan Little is being tried. have a role to play. They can help socialist world is on the recognized that she was part of a States-all of which have a role to She pointed out that one person to increase awareness of the plight irreversible march of building an long line of victims. In a letter to play in the ultimate solution of in fifteen living in that county of working women and help to alternative. George Jackson she once wrote the problems of Black people in bore the last name of Alligood, change attitudes in their positions Imprealism is not a myth or a "There is a direct line from Nat the United States. The charges she the name of Ms. Little's attacker and not become like those women word coined by those opposed to Turner, Denmark Vesey, all the made were very grave; her and victim. She stated that despite executives of which Ms. Mitchell the Nixon version or the brothers and sisters who stood up conclusions were graver. However, the coroner's report which proved spoke who have adopted the Rockefeller version of freedom. and revolted all the way to she meticulously documented her that Alligood had very recently attitudes and psychology of the Angela teaches, while at the Malcolm X, Huey Newton, George statements and presented them in engaged in sexual intercourse, Ms. oppressor and consequently help Womens Detention Center in New Jackson, Ericka Huggins," Hence such a way that her conclusions Little was still being held on the in the oppression of their sisters. York, right there in prison that there is no inordinate self-pity necessarily followed. most extreme charge that was Ms. Mitchell turned out to be while awaiting trial. Instead every imperialism means "the ruling A case in point was her in possible. Then she posed the an extremely well informed situation is a classroom, a class of one country conquers the depth examination of the question: Can Joan Little expect speaker. Although she is low people of another in order to rob microcosm of the large world out to receive any semblance of a fair keyed in her approach, she there. She also survived the danger circumstances surrounding the them of their land, their resources trial of Joan Little. Ms. Mitchell trial in a county where a large presents her facts clearly and and to exploit them labour" or as of becoming prey to the number of residents are in some logically. This was truly an machinations of a brutally laid the framework by outlining one of the inmates responds the reactionary and repressive way related to the victim; where evening well spent. Summer 1975 Afro-American Affairs page 3 campus features Some 1975 Grads Fare in Ms Bronze A Success The Fifth Annual Ohio Bad Economic Conditions University Ms. Bronze Pageant By Betty Fain-Willis sponsored by Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity in Memorial As the quarter comes to a degree in government after three Auditorium on May 3, 1975 close, many of us will be saying years at O.U. His determination turned out to be an evening of good-bye to Ohio University has rewarded him with the warm entertainment to hundreds forever. With graduation just a oppoutunity to attend Kent State of black students, faculty and few weeks away, the future for graduate college this fall. Kim parents. black graduates looks quite plans to increase his knowledge in promising. the field of political science with Among the highlights of the Pageant was the inspirational It's encouraging to know that emphasis on public Gospel voices of faith, who sang some students already have jobs administration. the Afro-American National waiting for them after graduation, "College has enabled me to Anthem. Journey's End a despite the country's economic meet and deal with people a lot local Rhythm and Blues band condition. better. It has taught me discipline Many will pursue graduate or provided background and tolerance." His advice: "A lot music to the contestants and professional school, hoping the of people have no direction. job situation will be a lot brighter entertained the crowd with their People should think about what soulful rendition of popular songs. The evening was well Duke Ellington, or the music of within the next year or so. they're going to be doing in the The vocal group, Rare Element organized; and vividly exibited the the Gospel Voices of Faith? With a little determination ., four future." performed while the Sigma tremendous potential of the years of Ohio University can BILLY JEFFERSON, a result in a mature individual, Sweethearts performed a modern participants and organizers, Gospel Voices member of B.U.Z.Z and Beta dance number. However, it was not without its. ready to go out and make it on his Alpha Psi (honorary fraternity), own. All the young ladies flaws. The question comes to The Gospel Voices of Faith will receive his degree in participating in the pagent were mind; How is it possible to judge STEVEN SIMS has found his accounting and will be employed will present their last concert of major in accounting beneficial in talented and dazzling in the different types of performances this school year. Mt. Zion Baptist by Ernst & Ernst of Cleveland as a presentations. They represented and reduce them to a single obtaining a position with Coopers staff accountant. Billy hopes to Church on June 1, will be the site and Lybrand, a national public an array of talent from dramatic equation. One case in point, Ms. of this activity. attend grad school in the near performance to cello playing. The Bronze is still male Supremacist accounting firm located in future to earn his master's degree The Gospel Voices of Faith Cleveland, Ohio. A member of participants in the Ms, Bronze and contained some obvious will present this concert in honor in business administration. Pagent 1975 were Ronda Evans, European elements which negated Bava Ujamma Zinda Zuri "By attending college, I've of Joan Little, the sister who is fraternity, Steve plans to continue Joyce Dosey. Desiree Langston, some essential values of being fighting for her life because she matured and learned how to cope Choni Patterson, Veronica Afro-American. Many in the his education with hopes of with situations in business and stabbed a jailer in self defense. earning a law degree in the near Chapel], Michell Atkinson, audience were confused at the Further the Vocies invite personal problems. I feel I've Floratine Gray, Marilyn Smith, judpe's ru!i;i?s. future. acquired the basic knowledge everyone to the morning services Wacella Chester and Robin Forte. Another case in point;TheM.C. and wish to thank all those folk "Attending college has offered which has enabled me to start a Ms Bronze 1973 Stephine Mays, Fran Taylor defined culture as me channels of growth that I job with adequate technical who have supported the Voices crowned the new Ms. Bronze "ballet and opera" both during the Mothers Weekend might not have ordinarily been knowledge. I would recommend 1975, Floratine Gray. European. Whatever happened to exposed to. I would advise that all black students go to Concert. undergraduates to be down on the college, vocational or technical profile books first, then party." school because of the valuable RICKY WELDON, an English experiences and advantages in Maurine McDaniel major, is planning to attend law store." His advice: "Never forget By Angie Harris Thereafter, she studied preparation for her MFA graduate school. "I've gained a lot socially the main reason you're here." periodically at Ohio University for exhibit and her orals, which she as well as academically by GAIL ANDREWS, plans to four years. Due to the racist sucessfully accomplished. attending college. Although the "A good artist has to be totally obtain a teaching position with an atmosphere prevalent at this Most of Maurine's work, competition is keen, there is a dedicated to his art, rather than elementary school. "My plans for University, Maurine found it though obviously original, reveals strange type of disadvantage if the media." When viewing the the future include grad school difficult to remain for any a strong African influence in color you don't get the opportunity to work of Maurine McDaniel, one where I plan to pursue a extended stretch of time. and design. Her work in the media attend." His advice: "There are earn readily see the relevance of certificate in reading so that I will , Maurine's leisure time is spent of clay and weaving displays three ways to make it through these words. be better prepared to meet the pursuing her interests in music dedicated, careful work and is college: study diligently, know Maurine, a native of needs of my students." and art; each being an influence outstanding. The color range seen how to study, and keep yourself Charlestown, West Virginia "College has been a good on the other. Until recently, her in her work is something from at peace-don't let social bullshit attended Spelman College in experience for me. I've gained a leisure time was almost vivid reds, greens, browns, oranges get you down." Atlanta, Georgia for two years. lot socially, especially by being an non-existent because of the to basic black and white. CECILIE VAUGHTERS, an R.A. The experience has enabled One of my favorite works of accounting major, will graduate me to come in contact with Maurine's weaving is a creative cum laude (with honors), which different types of people. and skillfully done quilt. It will definitely get her through Academically, I've been able to consists of numerous strips of Georgetown University's Law apply some of my education dyed cloth of various colors very School, in Washington, D.C. After courses to my teaching neatly sewn together to form a finishing law school, Cec plans to experiences." Her advice: "Don't tremendous pattern of organized establish a practice for a few get the attitude that people are colors. years, although she's not seeking going to give you anything-you Maurine McDaniel is a very to be one of those great lawyers. have to go out and get it talented, black young woman. "College has been an yourself." When questioned on the environment where I was able to For those seniors who were not importance of art, she replied go through various levels of personally recognized, the staff of that, "it is vital to the culture and maturity. I feel as though I could the Afro-American Affairs wishes vitality of a society." In essence it have obtained- much more all of you the best of luck in the is a mirror in which society should knowledge, but due, to social future~and congratulations for look at itself. She concludes, factors, I've only gotten one-half making it! "when art disappears or of what I could have achieved. degenerates so does the culture of Further education is a must for AUTHOR'S BLURB: Ms. that society. Ultimately, art blacks whether it's a vocational or Willis, a senior majoring in reflects the social and political academic institution. College magazine journalism, wiH receive views of the artist in addition to requires ari individual who can her degree in journalism this being a reflection of himself." . discipline himself through a August. She plans to do a lot of period of adaption." Her advice: reading, writing, and creative When Maurine leaves Athens "Be persistent with your goals; thinking after graduation. Her this spring, she has no immediate work to your highest potential ultimate goals: "To fully develop long range plans. She does plan to and stay actively involved in myself as an individual, wife and continue teaching on the college matters that directly affect you. mother, write a few books, and to level but would not do this Seek knowledge." receive a Ph.D before the age of permanently. The best of 40." everything to you, Maurine. KIM VERIS will receive his Maurine McOanici page 4 Afro-American Affairs Summer 1975 *««i.g.

4th Floor Lindley Hall S. Court St., Athens, Ohio 45701 And The Popular Women's Movement Editorial Director: Gladstone Yearwood By Adriane Livingston ^t<.f..M/4 Jit. male was not then nor is he now centers of escape the hardships of on them to serve only as a massive in a position to exploit the the south. Up until 1914 with the reserve labor force to be tapped COALITION STATEMENT ON PRISONERS female; thus within the context of outbreak of WWI, most black whenever the needs of the slavery there was no male women were denied access to economy warranted their use. The week of activities on International Women Political supremacy on the part of black factory jobs and were employed Because blacks have understood Prisoners has arisen out of our outrage. We are outraged that men. However this was not true in only as domestics in private house their position in this society, they women are being arrested for their political beliefs lor the case of his white counterpart. or on farms. However with the have also come to understand that supposed political beliefs) in all parts of the world. We are It is equally important to note start of WWI women, both black in order for any one sector of the outraged that these women political prisoners are picked up that just as the black women had and white, were incorporated in soceity to be free that all sectors must gain freedom and this and imprisoned for years without being tried and even an equal share in he work and was large numbers into the work force. Here again black women cannot be done^ without the without having had charges brought against them. Often forced by the slave system into a position of equal inequality with were fulfilling their historical role complete restructuring of times they'simply disappear in prison. black men, that as a result, black as mere tools for economic and in our economic system. Thus the We are outraged that the "free press" of the western world women have always been active in this case, industrial profit. Of goals of any serious movement to has not provided us with adequate coverage of the numbers one form or another, along with course white women were used in liberate people in this country has or conditions of these political prisoners. We are outraged at black men, in resistance to the same way. Perhaps the main to realize the need to fight against the sexual torture that these women must endure, the rapes, exploitation and active in difference was one of perception; racism, capitalism, and the multiple, brutal rapes by their male jailers and the movements to bring about black women had historically imperialism. electrical-genital torture regularly committed against them. democratic change. Asa result of been aware of their position and Angela supports Justice We are outraged at the treatment of the children of these this historical struggle, utilization in society, whereas women political prisoners. They are imprisoned and tortured blacks-men and women-have white women saw themselves as For Carmen fulfilling a patriotic duty. They before their mothers eyes to extract- "confessions" We are come to clearly understand and identify the root of their did not see themselves as being COLUMBUS, OHIO outraged at the tortures of pregnant women and the total exploitation. used as an auxiliary work force Angela Davis, National disregard for the safely of their unborn children. Many of until the men returned. Thus, Co-Chairperson for the National these women have be«n impregnated by their jailers. Unfortunately, this kind of Alliance Against Racist and clear understanding has not been because of the historically limited We are outraged by the conditions under which families role that white women had played Political Repression issued a call exhibited very often by the for all people of Ohio to fight for must live when their husbands and fathers become political middle-class women who have in he productive forces of society, those of the middle class, who the human dignity of Carmen prisoners. The families are especially victims in societies come to be the spearheads of the Williams. which make it virtually impossible to survive without a male popular women's Jib. movement. were not forced to work because of basic economic necessity, were Ms. Williams is an 18-year-old head of household. For the most part there has been a more willing to relinquish their black woman who has been But we are even more outraged by the past anc! continued greater publicized attack on their sentenced to life in prison plus male counterparts because of their jobs and return to their traditional involvement of the United States government in the support roles as mothers anu Housekeepers twenty years for alledgedly killing and maintenance of brutal, totalitarian governments propensity to male supremacy. Of a white cab driver last year. course we must rid ourselves of at the end of the war. Black throughout the world. The trial's evidence, including this phenomenon, but first, we, as women, in the main, were forced two state's witnesses proved that In our outrage we demand the release of these women women have to to return to their traditional, roles as domestic workers It should Ms.Williams was innocent of political prisoners in ail countries of the world, the end of understand that the same seed also be mentioned that the murder, but she was convicted by their sexual torture and the end of their and th« ir families that spawns our exploitation as suffering forever. an all-white jury. Summer 1975 Aft* - American Affair* page 5 sgSggggfga Summer 1975 i J§ r Towards a Progressive Africa

Racist Vice Grip Strangles South Africa gold from black oppression Reprinted from Daily World -A British investigating group, Under the "wise and good government" migratory labor, recruited from rural areas Counter Information Services, published an of apartheid in South Africa 370,000 black under contract. Consolidated Gold Fields, "Anti-Report" on one ofthe leading South workers are employed in the gold mines, however, along with the other South African mining corporations. Consolidated 17 per cent of them by Consolidated Gold African mining companies, provides no housing accommodation for families, Gold Fields Limited. It provides an Fields. They work a 60-hour week for an which must stay behind. Ninety-nine per in-depth study of the ruthless exploitation average wage of $7.50, or less (some figures cent of all black miners are herded into of blac-k labor under apartheid conditions. show" an average monthly wage for black compounds or hostels, where 2,000 to It is the third in a CIS series of reports on miners of $24). they have been forbidden 7,000 men are jammed, 60 to 90 to a the operations of imperialist corporations, to join unions, and strikes by black workers are heavily penalized. dormitory. About one-sixth of these were the others being of the British built before 1914. corporations, Rio Tinto Zinc and Electric Contrasts in wages No beds are provided, only concrete Company Limited. In contrast, the white mine workers, bunks which the workers have to improve Seven major finance houses control the who hold the skilled supervisory posts for sleeping by their own devices. Older gold mining industry in South Africa which in the industry, have been receiving mines have no dining rooms, meals being accounts for that-country s main export constantly increasing earnings, due to racisj[ eaten either outside or in the crowded Reprinted from World magazine and for over one-third of its earnings white trade union demands. Between 1946 dormitories. abroad. Consolidated Gold Fields is the and 1965 productivity in gold mines rose Hunger is rampant The country and the people second largest South African mining by 40 per cent. In this period white wages The situation of families left behind in The Republic of South Africa extends finance house (the Anglo-American went up almost 50 per cent in real terms, rural areas is even worse. A study in 1961 over 720,000 square miles. According to Corporation of Harry Oppenheimer is first) while those of black miners rose 7 per cent. in such villages found the per capita the census of 1970, it has 21.5 million and is the only one registered in London.- For black workers, real wages in 1969 income to be $2.50 a month, including inhabitants, who, under the racial laws, fall It owns 61 per cent of the U.X. were the same as in 1966, but for white remfttances from the absent miner into four groups: 3.7 million whites, 2 corporation, American Zinc, one of its miners they were 17 per cent higher. The million Coloureds (persons of mixed husband, but the minimum cost of food main refining outlets, and has one increase alone handed to white miners in blood), 620,000 Asians and 15 million alone to keep a person healthy was $6.50 a American on its 18-man Board of Directors 1967 was greater than the total black wage. Africans. month. Since then prices have risen much (William Mason Smith, of 52 East 92nd The gap between white and black mine In contradiction of the apartheid higher. Appalling conditions of Street, New York City). wages now stands at 20 to 1, and has doctrine of separate development, some 8 almost doubled since 1946. malnutrition have been cited in many million Africans live in so-called white Founded by Rhodes In the past year or so there has been reports. areas, usually close to the large towns, in These circumstances described in the Consolidated Gold Fields, which has much propaganda out of South Africa what are know as Bantu townships, while report on Consolidated Gold Fields by extended its operations and assets to about expanding job opportunities for in the true home lands, there are only 7 Counter Information Services were Australia^ United Kingdom and Canada, black workers. The racist white trade million Africans. Only a relatively small authenticated by a team of British trade orginated as a firm set up by Cecil Rhodes unions, trying to protect their high-paid proportion of the population is involved in and his partners in 1887, shortly after the jobs, had resisted further - black unionists from the Amalgamated Society productive work or, as it is called in South big gold strikes in South Africa. Today it employment, but the shift of white mine of Boilermakers who visited South Africa Africa, economically active. The has investments totaling $500 million in workers to other better-paid industries was in November 1972. The union's percentages are 1.5 million whites, 700,000 South Africa, and assets of over $1 billion causing a labor shortage. However, the vice-president, John Dennet, found Coloureds, 161,000 Asians and 5 million internationally. In the year ending June white unions would only agree to the "horrific conditions" in the mines, which Africans. 1972 its working profit from gold hiring of more black miners if their own he called "nothing more than a According to scientific estimates, 7.5 production alone reached a record $111 wages were hiked and the wage color gap re-enactment of the fuedal system." The per cent of whites work in agriculture, 9.8 million, of which $40 million was widened. Said the South African Financial compounds, he said, "are like cattle stalls, per cent in mines, 22.9 per cent in distributed to share-holders after taxes. Mail in September 1971: but they are not cattle-they are human secondary branches of the economy and beings and should be treated as human 34.8 per cent in the tertiary sector. Cecil Rhodes had been quick to see the "Looking ahead, mine managements believe the^only way to keep their wage beings." The Africans are the largest proportion profit to be made from low-paid black bills under control will be to further Another member of the Boilermaker in agriculture, with 83 per cent of all the mine workers, of whom he said: "You will increase the ratio of black to -white team, Jim Murray, said: "It seems to us employees. But they also make up 89.3 per remove them from their life of sloth and workers. Plainly, with black wages so much absolutely shocking that Africans can go cent of those working in the mines, 56.6 laziness, you will teach them dignity of lower than white ones, the managers are on down a mine for about 12 hours and at the per cent of workers in manufacturing labor and make them contribute to the prosperity of the state, and make them give to a good thing." end they have earned about 85 cents." He industry and 52.4 per cent of those in said that black workers are allegedly service industries. some return for our wise and good government." Mortality among Blacks supposed to work eight hour shifts but Apart from the fact that the Africans spend hours below ground waiting for cages made up more than half the employees in Low wages are far from being the worst to lift them to the surface in which they all branches of the economy in 1970, The economy of the conditions imposed on black mine are jammed "like centipeeds crammed in a about 562,000 other Africans from the The share of agriculture in the national workers. Mine safety in the pits worked by matchbox." countries bordering on South Africa, product has dropped from 13 per cent in black labor is notoriously bad. It is The British Trades Union Congress especially Mozambique, Malawi and 1940 to 10 per cent in 1970. On the other estimated that over the years of its gold several resolutions adopted for various Zambia, were employed in South Africa, hand the share of industrial production has mining operations, Consolidated Gold steps to halt all activity that might give 400,000 of them in the mines. risen from 16 per cent after the war to 20 Fields has built its profits on the death of support to apartheid in South Africa. The For many years the labor market has per cent at the beginning of the 70s. over 5,000 black miners in accidents and TUC acted to withdraw $282,000 worthof been characterized by a keen labor An important place in the economy is nearly double that number dead from investments from British companies that shortage and the almost complete absence diseases caused by working conditions. have South African subsidiaries or of unemployment. But this is true only still held by the mining industry, although its share of the national gross product is Over a quarter of a million black workers connections. The aim of the latest CIS outside the Bantu home lands, where for the corporations have suffered serious report is to bring similar pressure on chronic unemployment is the rule. The dropping. South Africa is still the world's greatest producer of gold, diamonds. injury from mine accidents. Consolidated Gold Fields to end its number of Bantus wholly or partially inhuman exploitation of black labor. unemployed is estimated at 1.2 million. Continued on pat* • Black mine workers are essentially

» «. maMxm9l*&f$ vmim--myit;M-m is*-;,*.*- • »•. #. •*» «. * •. page 6 Afro-American Affairs Summer 1975

SSSSS »»:•>;•:•:•:•£•:•:•;•;•;";•, African Solidarity Day

wmmsms By R.J. Johnson « African Solidarity Day 1975 marks a qualitative and quantitative difference in This is why South Africa is so We must compel the United States to African Solidarity Day 1975 is a day of the relationship of forces on the African important. Vorster can use it as a base for vote for the expulsion of South Africa unity of struggle for Africans with all from the UN! freedom loving people the world-wide. continent. CIA intriques, to attempt to overturn the We want these. measures undertaken One can conclude from what we have In just the past year we have seen the freedom of Angola and Mozambique, as now but it may take time; it will only take seen in the past year that these are vicotries in Angola, Mozambique and well as subvert the economic foundations the amount of time that is necessary for glorious times for the winds of social Guinea-Bissau. We have seen the forces of other African countries. Foreign coal miners to see how importation of change, the winds of progress. We will see a representing a social change for the better investments have been skyrocketing South African coal drives them out of time when there need not be thousands of gain hegemony in Ethiopia. We have seen upward in recent years. The United States work. It will only take the amount of time burial plots annually for little black South several international conferences including has increased its private investments by that is necessary for auto workers to see African infants who die before they can the All-Africa Women's Conference, the nearly 300% since 1968! 11th Summit Assembly of the how Ford, General Motors and Chrysler comprehend why racists regimes do not see Organization of African Unity and the African Solidarity Day 1975 is the day plants in South Africa cause 40% them as human beings with human rights. Sixth Pan African Congress. when U.S. peoples must abandon the unemployment in Detroit. There is a dawn arising in Africa, a dawn In just the past year there has been a demogogy of Henry Kissinger and Gerald Racism whether in South Africa or in of peace equality and an end to racism. consolidation of peoples' governments Ford and strike blows for African freedom, South Boston hurts whites just as well as The sun is setting on the vulgar stepping up reforms in many countries for the end of U.S. involvement in South black folk. That is why we must change imperialists, the monopolies and their including; Tanzania, Guinea, Somalia and Africa. this system of oppression; we must force it policies of oppression. We can clearly see Congo-Brazzaville, etc. There has been a We must end all forms of military to serve our needs, we must make it more victories of African Peoples clear shift towards ideological unity among assistance to South Africa immediately! capitulate to our demands on South Africa brightening the horizon. freedom fighters in the name of consistent We must bring all U.S. multi-national as part of the same battle to improve living Hail to all Anti-Imperialist forces! anti-imperialist struggle for social progress. corporations home now! conditions here. How can we have jobs in Long live the desire to be free! There has been an acceleration of pressure We must withdraw the Central this country if the racists superexploit Glory, glory, glory to the masses of on the Lackies of world monopolies in Intelligence Agency from South Africa people in other parts of the world taking African peoples! Africa, most notably the racist today! our jobs away! governments of Ian Smith in Zimbabwe m and John Vorster in South Africa. In just the past year the struggles of the ON ERITREAN SECESSION peoples of Palestine have become a major concern of all freedom fighters; there is •:•:•:•:•:•:•:•:•:•:•:•:•:•:•: BV P3"1 M*^ j growing unity of purpose, of action among Mogos appears to have forgotten or as a ./ Nkrumah never did stand for sece'ssioh. Once gain Mogos has come out with his His main objective was a unified Africa on Africans, Arabs and Palestinians. sentiments on Eritrea. This time he has matter of fact appears not to be aware of In just the past year the control of the the fact that history tells us of how ethnic a continental basis. This fragementation found it necessary to say that the secession which Mogos and others are advocating General Assembly of the United Nations in Entreat is "an^ integral part of the groups in Africa were brought together to form a nation in a number of cases against never occured to Nkrumah. Had he written by all humane peoples is readily apparent. African Revolution." This I disagree. The The UN has accepted Guinea-Bissau. The their wish. The situation in Ethiopia is not only on Eritrea without saying it is part of UN's majority is not in favor of South most disturbing factor in this unique. It seems, therefore, he is very the African Revolution and Pan-Africanism Africa having a seat in the body of DIVISIONIST attitude of Mogos is the fact ignorant of the history of other countries and had he also refrained from attacking "civilized humanity." The UN has that this article which seeks to destroy the in Africa. Better check it. the OAU, I would not have bothered continued its sanctions against the racists image of African leaders and to bring about Apart from presenting his case in term myself writing this article. in Zimbabwe. No longer do the discontent between Mogos and other papers to his professors, he has found it It is my deep regret that people like Rockefellers, Fords, Morgans and other African students on campus found its way necessary to bring in a movie. This movie Mogos will help throw illiterates in Africa monopolists have free reign to rape the in a black newspaper (Afro-American portrays nothing but a cultural show of into misery by deceiving them that their Motherland without anti-imperialist forces Affairs-Spring issue). I regret that this some lazy Eritreans in a village whoappear cause is just. It is the poor peasants who raising knives of castration! paper thought it fit to publish such an to be enthusiastic about the display of guns are killed and people like him who survive. article. I believe that the Editor of the My advice to him is that he should go to World-wide forces in the socialist by their youngsters. This is a sheer paper has the discretion to object to the the field and fight or return to Ethiopia countries, led by the Soviet Union and romance-or one may see it as a picnic publication of such a derogatory article and fight within and not stay here. Amilcar including Cuba and Vietnam, in rather than' liberation struggle. It is very which aims at destroying the image of a Cabral whom he found it necessary to conjunction with the developing countries, regrettable that he became arrogant and people not the least leaders of Africa. quote, fought in the field, and if he is are focusing on removing the racists from conceited as to say that he would not interested he can do the same. Even though control in South Africa, of giving all Mogos has for the past t%« quarters accept comments from the audience after he continues to accuse the U.S., he finds it possible aid to the African National spent much of his time on this Eritrean the movie; this I think is an insult to the necessary to continue to stay here; why Congress and all other peoples forces. question without even agreeing to the fact handful of people present and he owes that it is a secession and nothing else and them an apology. Frankly speaking it is a can't he go to Ethiopia and write there and African Solidarity Day 1975 is the day fight it out with the military regime. With in which all working peoples, students, that it is bound to fail since secession has waste of time to go and see this movie. no room in Africa. My other amazement is He sees the Katanga and Biafran his deep interest- in his people, they are youth, women, artists, clergy, politicians, waiting for him. Go back Mogos. As an etc. world-wide must affirm their love for that he has constantly accused the secessions as "imperialist inspired" and Organization of African Unity (OAU) as that Postulates that of Eritrea has no such Africanist Mogos failed to help collect humanity, their respect for human rights donations at the University gate which and dedicate all which is necessary; for as being "a club house," "dominated by backing but contradicts himself to say that reactionary, imperialist. puppet heads of "the Eritreans have the massive support of were to be sent to those areas in Africa along is necessary to see to it that South affected by the drought. He said he had no Africa's Nazis are ousted from power by states." What does he want the OAU to the Arabs." He also cannot deny similar do? He has never been able to say. If he questionable aid from Peking. I don't want time. He has time however to write and ask the African masses. for donations for Eritrea. I challenge him All basic rights for the black, coloured reads between the lines he should have to comment on this at this time but he realised that the OAU has its limitations; should realize that he cannot convince to account for evJry cent he has received • and Asian Africans in South Africa are publicly as the Vietnamese on campus have denied. Apartheid, constitutional racism, is clear examples is what he should get from anybody with his "dialectical and scientific the stand of the OAU in the secession framework of analysis" that their cause is done through the Post (Monday May 12 the rule of the land. It is the ultimate in issue). He should let us know where he sent Jim Crowism, in keeping the races separate cases of the Kantaga (Zaire) and Biafra just. It is the act of a handful of (Nigeria). The OAU has made it them to. If he tells us he has received and tremendously unequal. Whites are only OPPORTUNISTS. nothing then he should know that his 17% of the population but control all of abundantly clear that it would not Nobody quarrels with Mogos for interfere in the internal affairs of any cause is unjust and nobody supports it. I the voting and 70% of the territory. expressing his views on matters such as think it is high time he stops deceiving his Africans must carry passes for member country; this same basic principles his-freedom of speech in this country applies to the situation in Ethiopia. people when he is here going to parties and identification purposes on themselves at all guarantees this anyway. But he should enjoying life which his people can't afford Mogos alwavs cites historical facts to times, or be faced with prison sentences. refrain from calling his critics names such because ofthe situation they have been put claim that the Eritrean secessior is quite in The Vorster regime is attempting to as "reactionaries," etc. etc. He must also by the OPPORTUNIST elements like him. resettle the majority of blacks into order, and that it is a fight against make sure that he understands the terms he "homelands," Bantustans, barren landed imperialist countries like the United States, -It is high time he faces facts and stops areas. This will only have the morbid effect Britain and Ethiopia. He calls Ethiopia a uses and those that he quotes. In fact, I his unwarranted, arrogant and malicious of more deaths of Africans in South foreign country. What a shame! What a regretted deeply that he quoted Dr. propaganda. Africa! shock! Kwame Nkrumah in his opening sentence. Afro-American Affairs page 7 Workers Without Documents

By Joanne Demas Reprinted from Daily World The 151-foot-high Statue of Liberty stands in New York Harbor as a symbol of welcome and refuge to millions of immigrants. George and his brother Athanasios believed in the Statue of Liberty. As they waited for the 7 a.m. ferry that would take them to paint the statue, they never suspected that their idealized vision of the United States as "the land ofthe free", would turn into a nightmare. The two young Greeks were arrested by four members of the U.S. Immigration and Naturalization service (I.N.S.). Their "crime"? It seems that they like to eat three meals a day and have a roof over their heads-simple things all workers work for. But these were workers who did not possess work documents as non-citizens. Mexicans cross the border into territory The brothers face expulsion from the that was once part of Mexico but is now United States. At the time of this writing, part of the conquering U.S. Southwest. the outcome of their case is unknown. Many have families who have lived there But, unfortunately, their case is not an traditionally before the conquest. They isolated one; it is happening every day. work side by side with Chicano and other And it's all part of the government's workers. The fact that Mexican immigrants intensified drive against the foreign born. helped to build this country, does not impress the racist I.N.S. agents. Nor are Monopoly's Racjst Campaign they humanly sensitive to the fact that The reactionary circles, in an attempt to deportation breaks up families. scare people, call these workers "illegal This racist hysteria has driven the agents aliens," suggesting they are criminals from to harass U.S. citizens as well. Can you another planet. But according to Pedro imagine this? You're on the job and some Perez, N.Y. coordinator for the National strange men tap you on the shoulder Coalition for Fair Immigration Laws and' demanding your birth certificate. This Practices (NCFILP), the current drive happened to 28-year-old Amando Munoz against the foreign born has several specific as he worked in a tomato field near Lake purposes. Worth, Fla. He and 12 other farmowrkers "It is part of an hysterical racist were rushed by truck to Miami Airport and campaign to blame foreign-born workers from there to Yucatan, Mexico. Two for the present economic depression. This harrowing months later, Amando Munoz is in order to divert attention ofthe U.S. reached the Mexican side of the U.S. working people from the real cause: the border. After calling his family, his mother war budget, and hand-outs to the produced his U.S. birth certificate proving monopolies." citizenship. Amando Munoz sued the Who Are the Economic Refugees Immigration Service for $25,000. Foreign-born workers are primarily The implications of this case is that no from under-developed countries in Latin one is safe. If one has a Spanish surname, America, Asia and Africa. These countries does not look European, or is unable to are dominated by U.S. multi-national, provide proof of U.S. citizenship on the corporations such as International' spot, deportation is a possibility. Telephone and Telegraph (ITT), Gulf and Victims of Brutal Deportation Western, Coca Cola, and many more. The Special targets of this drive have been homeland economies are stifled by U.S. the immigrant populations from the corporation control, thus there is more Dominican Republic, Haiti, Jamaica and unemployment there than in the U.S. The other Caribbean islands. For the Haitians, workers, many in their teens and twenties, the situation is a matter of life and death. come to the United States in search of Most have left Haiti for political reasons, work. fleeing the terror of the bloody Jean But the welcome mat of the U.S. is not Claude Duvalier dictatorship. Deportation placed for them, for the same group of rich back to Haiti would mean certain death. monopolists who control the economy of Turenne Deville, a Haitian refugee, was the homeland is the same group of rich arrested as he reached the U.S. shore. But people in power in the United States. This he was never deported. He committed group restricts the entrance and residency suicide in his Miami jail cell rather than be of immigrants through a quota system, executed in Haiti. The responsibility for which is fixed to encourage technicians and the death of this young man lies with the professionals from the more industrially U.S. Immigration and Naturalization' developed centers of central and northern Service. The I.N.S. agents, with their racist Europe, and at the same time to harassment, murdered Turenne Deville just discriminate against people from Latin as if they had tightened the rope America, Asia and Africa, They are themselves. delegated to the most menial and low-paying jobs. Knock out the Rodino Bill A fascistic atmosphere of fear and terror Mexicans Hit Hardest is just what the powers-that-be would like. By far the largest group of immigrants Congressman Peter W. Rodino (D-N.J.) has harassed by the I.N.S. authorities are introduced a bill, H.R. 982, which would Mexicans. In 1972 alone the U.S. lead to that end. The bill would supposedly government rounded up 506,000 persons fine employers for hiring workers without who were without visas-430,000, or 85 per documents. In reality, employers all over, cent, of whom were Mexicans. Of those the country would become I.N.S. agents. A apprehended, 467,200 were actually bill like this is a violation of civil and expelled. human rights, the rights to earn and live. Afro-American Affairs page 8 Summer 1975

South Africa ...total value of foreign investments in south africa exceeds $7 billion Continued from page 5 members. The Act sets up a system of regional The apartheid legislation in the sphere platinum, antimony, and is among the During wage negotiations, there is Industrial Councils, governing the of employment is supplemented by an largest producers of chromium, vanadium, operation of employers' associations and abundance of other laws which deny equal uranium, manganese and asbestos. The coal effective collaboration between the two trade unions and the negotiations between rights to the non-white populatin and stifle and iron reserves of the country appear to organizations, and in the representation of them. Agreements reached in accordance all attempt at opposition. be inexhaustible. workers in the Industrial Council for the with the Act have legally binding effect Mixed marriages between whites and The changes in the economic structure clothing industry all available means are and must be observed by members of both non-whites are forbidden. An act requiring are reflected in the changes in job used and benefits gained are extended to parties. The agreements can also be registration of the population divides structure. While in I960 only about all the workers, without regard to racial declared generally binding. For example, if people into racial groups and makes it 644,000 people were employed in the origin. This example shows that even under such an agreement is signed in a particular compulsory to carry a personal identity manufacturing industry, the number had the difficult conditions, factual or legal, in branch of industry or a specific company, document showing the person's race. In increased to 1.1 million by 1970. The South Africa, it is possible to create African workers employed in the branch or addition to this, the Pass Laws make it number of metalworkers rose from genuine union representation for the vast firm covered by the agreement and not obligatory for every African to carry a pass 186,000 to 369,000 in the same period. mass of workers, the black workers. belonging to a union are included in the v/ith his photograph, personal description, Since the discovery of rich mineral Although this example is well known to terms of the agreement. On the other hand, registration number, details of his tribal deposits during the last century, the flow the affiliated unions ofthe CMBU, they do social benefits are not bound to be paid to relationship, the official permit for of foreign capital to South Africa has never not admit it, far less copy it. On the all workers included in such an agreement. residence in an urban area, his last tax A good example of usual practice is the ceased. The- total value of foreign contrary: the President of the clothing declaration, permit to take or seek a job, agreement signed in September 1970 for investments in South Africa exceeds $7 workers' union, Anna Scheepers, has been his name, address, the signature of the iron steel, engineering and billion. the target of fierce hostility because of her his employer, and many other details. The metalworking industries. It established 13 More than half the foreign capital comes courageous action for non-white workers. incorrect completion, of this pass is from Great Britain, more . than 10 per cent wage groups, of which the five lowest The Secretary of State to the Labour punishable by fines, imprisonment or from the USA, and between 3 a"nd 5 per covered work normally done by non-white Ministry stated, in answer to the question deportation. The Immortality Act forbids cent from France, Germany and workers. Many of the social benefits of why Africans were denied the right to sexual intercourse between whites and Switzerland. Numerous international firms granted to the better-paid jobs, e.g., have trade unions, that Bantu unions were non-whites on penalty of imprisonment. operate in the country, especially in the sickness pay and retirement pensions, do not illegal, they were unrecognized. The A special penal law provides for sectors where high profits can be gained as not apply to the five lowest wage groups. Africans had not yet reached the level of offenders to be flogged in certain cases, a result of rapid industrial development. • The Industrial Conciliation Act also lays maturity necessary for them to comply with or without a prison sentence. A The biggest branches of industry with down that in mixed trade unions, i.e., with the requirements of the law. When those which have both white and Coloured Native Relocation Act makes it possible to foreign investments are the mines and the asked to name the criteria for this remove Africans from areas declared white manufacturing industry, to a lesser extent members, the Executive must consist maturity, the Secretary of State made no exclusively of white members. by the Government, and to settle them in in financial and commercial enterprises. reply. native reserves. If Africans are suspected of The proportion of foreign investment in The fact is that the vast majority of The Native Labor Act set up the Central political agitation, they may be banned the manufacturing industry is 31 per cent. workers in South Africa, the African Bantu Labor Board, whose mandate is the from urban areas. Opposition organizations In the metal industry, foreign investment workers themselves, are deprived of any safeguarding of African workers' rights. may be declared illegal. Trials for high has been chiefly concentrated on the car effective representation of their interests Representatives of this body take part in treason are instituted against the African industry and in electrical and electronic through trade unions. The only trade union the negotiations of the Industrial Councils independence movements. The Suppression firms. organization with a relatively high and make recommendations with regard to '" of Communism Act supplies an easy Jobs and unions proportion of African members, the South the treatment of African workers. They do weapon against any left-wing opposition. African Congress of Trade Unions, is being the same in industries in which the Wage The way in which hitherto reserved jobs Recommendations are being made bp*en is, of course, typical driven out of existence by the brutal use of Act is applied. However, they are never the law for suppressing Communism, as allowed to take a direct part in wage Among the delegations' of conditions in South Africa. For recommendations to the IMF were the example, on the railways, a white mason is formerly was the ICFTU affiliate, the negotiations. Federation of Free African Trade Unions The Act makes strikes by African following: allowed to train two non-white workers -The delegation considers it urgently and to work with them; the non-white of South Africa. workers illegal. If there is a dispute it is resolved by the local labor authorities or, if necessary to continue all efforts for the workers, naturally, even if they do the While a considerable number of the denunciation and abolition of apartheid, same work as the white worker, receive touth African unions clearly back the that is impossible, it is submitted to the wage bodies. The Native Labor Act also and recommends IMF to intensify „its wages that are only a fraction of those acialist policy and accept only white efforts in this direction. earned by the white mason. All kinds of provides that industrial or commercial members, the Trade Union Council of -The delegations does not consider the tricks, rules or evasions are found to decide . firms with more than 20 African workers South Africa (TUCSA). has repeatedly founding of independent African unions that the work is not the same work and shall have workers' committees, which may striven to withstand pressure, not only .practical. Such unions not only contradict therefore the pay is not the same. from the official policy but also from its discuss working conditions, safety measures and the like with the employers. the principle of working class unity as There is no doubt that, in view of the own racist-minded unions, and to act in the But they have absolutely no influence on represented by the international trade precarious position and the unfavorable interest of Africans. This led, in 1968, to the fixing of wages and social benefits in union movement, but also they conform to situation of the African workers, the trade great internal tension, which resulted in the the company. So fewer and fewer of these the principle, rejected by us, of racial unions have a duty to represent their disaffiliation of 14 member unions and a committees are being set up. In 1971 there segration. They also prove not to be viable interests by all possible means, within the loss of a fifth ofthe membership, 35,736 were only 27 in all, though the number of in practice, and worthless for the effective legal limits. However, the delegation did out of 178,645. registered factories was 50,000. representation of African workers' not get the impression that this was being Under the effects of this bloodletting, interests. done everywhere, or with the necessary the TUCSA decided, in 1969, to drop its Other important laws relating to --In addition, the delegation vigor. African unions. Since then the trade union working conditions are the Workmen's recommends the South African Trade movement has been open only to white, Compensation Act, which provides for Although the unions officially advocate Union Confederation, TUCSA, to Coloured and Asian workers, while the payments in the event of work accidents or the rate for the job, i.e., equal pay for re-establish a coordination office for the so-called Bantus, who form the majority of occupational diseases; the Shop and equal work, they connive, in practice, at organization of non-white workers, like the the labor force, are excluded. But this had Offices Act; and the Factories, Machinery wage discrimination against the non-white one it supported until 1968. This office led to a rapid decline in trade union and Building Act. The two last-named lay workers. should aid individual affiliates of TUCSA influence down minimum standards for working The recruiting of Coloured workers, in organizing efforts among non-white South African laws conditions, vacations, engagement and permitted by law, is carried out only to a workers, and intervene where the The principal law dealing with relations dismissal of workers, hygiene and safety very inadequate extent by the official trade individual unions, for any reason between employers and workers in South precautions, etc. Finally, mention should unions, while African workers are not whatsoever, do not undertake such efforts. Africa is the Industrial Conciliation Act. be made of the Unemployment organized at all. The honorable exceptions -The delegation recommends sending are principally the clothing workers, the This defines the term worker from the Compensation Act, under which African racial standpoint. Although the Africans workers earning less than 10,50 Rands per another study group to South Africa in leather workers and the tobacco workers. some years time, to examine developments These branches of industry also started far represent about 80 per cent of the labor week are excluded from receiving force, they are not regarded as workers unemployment pay. Even for Africans who that have taken place in the meantime, and arlier than others to employ non-white in particular to make sure that South workers. under the law. The Government considers earn more, the application of the law is that African workers do not fall within the fraught with difficulties. African affiliates are energetically As we heard from the black President of supporting IMF policy in respect to South •he National Union of Clothing Workers of limits of legislation for trade unions and As the non-white unions assured us, wage negotiations. The consequences of Africans are often unable to overcome the Africa. South Africa, Lucy Mvubelo, she has been The delegation is convinced that even ible to recruit 15,000 African women this division in the labor force are shown in bureaucratic obstacles entailed in applying the legal status of the trade unions. The for unemployment pay. This is why one of under the difficult conditions of South aider the aegis of the official union of African racial and labor legislation, the dothing workers. This means that the law differentiates between registered and the main tasks of the few African unions non-registered unions. White and Coloured which exist is to help their members to creation of trade unions that really African organization has more members function for the majority of African Jian the official union, which has 13,000 unions may register, but no African unions, present applications for unemployment which thus have no legal status. relief. .__ workers is quite possible. > Summer 1975 Afro-American Affairs page 9 •%V.*.V.V.V.-.".V.V.V.T.".T.%-...T.V. .*..*.*.%*.*••••. ..V.'.V.T. :¥:¥S PEOPLE, SEX AND SOCIETY By Idris Al-Amin accomplish something more lofty. people from satisfying their sexual lack of self-control that generally sexual desires before marriage. Like all other species of higher It wants to bind them together in desires outside the conjugal bond. characterizes promiscuous According to this view, it is animals, man has been created as an enduring fellowship, to make For without such a measure the behavior, are the very antithesis of difficult to control the sexual male and female, each possessing a this fellowship the basis of family objective of nature cannot be the qualities required for impulse in youth and it cannot be strong natural attraction for the life, to knit families together by fulfilled. establishing stable social curbed without impairing health. other. The study of animal species the love of blood relationships Like the former ungodly relationships. As a matter of But the premises from which this other than man indicates that and cooperation, and finally, to people, perverted people of principle, marriage and illicit inference has been drawn are their sexual urge has been create a society and system of modern times also look upon relationships cannot co-exist in invalid. The presence o confined to the function of community life. fornication as a natural act and the same social system. If people irrespressible emotions actual^ propagation of that particular The problem of man and regard marriage as an unnecessary are allowed to satisfy their sexual reflects the presence of ar species. Moreover, this instinctive woman's mutual relationship is innovation of civilization. They desires without having to shoulder abnormal environment. Norma* urge has been so delicately indeed the most fundamental seem to think that just as nature the responsibilities thereof, it is human beings become abnormal controlled that they never problem of civilization, and on its has created every ewe for every meaningless to force the marriage because a wrong social system sexually transgress the limits set right • and rational solution ram, so it has created every system upon society. It is just like excites them continuously. for their natures. Contrary to this, depends the stability and woman for every man. This considering a trip by bus without X-rated movies, sexist literature, man lias been endowed with prosperity of man's community mentality considers it perfectly a ticket permissable and at the stimulating music, and the sexual inclinations in a liberal, life on earth. In this regard, the natural that whenever one feels same time establishing a system of unlimited opportunities for men unparalleled measure. Man and primary consideration necessary the urge, whenever one finds the purchasing a ticket for the trip. and women to intermingle, are the woman have a perpetual appeal for a clean community life is opportunity, and whenever two Obviously, either the ticket causes which render normal for each other. They have been preventing the sexual urge from members of the opposite sexes system should be abolished, or if human beings sexually abnormal. endowed with a powerful urge for running wild-to moderate and mutually agree, sexual intercourse it is retained, travelling without In a peaceful and calm sexual love, with an unlimited regulate it. The social system should take place, just as it takes tickets should be regarded as an environment, normal men and capacity to attract and be should, on the one hand, curb place between two dogs. Hence, offense. Likewise, it is women cannot hold in check their attracted sexually. The physical motives that lead to abnormal and when they talk of nature they unreasonable to admit a dual emotions by moral and spiritual constitution, its proportions, even promiscuous tendencies. On the always mean the animal and not policy with regard to marriage and training. Moreover, the argument its touch, has a strong spell for the other hand, it should establish the human nature. illicit relationships. If the marriage that abstaining from the sexual opposite sex. The voice, the gait, means for the legitimate Fornication seems to fulfill at system is essential for the proper act in youth impairs the health, is the manner and appearance, each satisfaction of the normal sexual least the demands of man's animal growth of social life, as has based on sheer falsehood. What is has a magnetic power. In needs in accordance with the nature, because the object of the already been established, it is also really necessary for the protection addition, the environment requirements of nature. propagation of the species is essential that fornication and of health is to change the abounds in factors that Sexual lust is an anti-social achieved simply by consummating adultery be held as offenses. ill-conceived system of life and perpetually arouse the sexual monster which tends to produce the sexual act, whether it is the wrong standards of happiness impulses and make one inclined to Some people havebeen misled selfishness, egotism, and anarchy. performed inside marriage or into thinking that young people under which marriage has become the other: the soft murmuring It lacks stability and sense of outside of it. But if men and difficult and illicit relationships breeze, the babbling brook, the should be allowed to have some responsibility and urges man to women do not fulfill the opportunities to satisfy their have become easy. sweet smell of flowers, the temporary pleasure only. It is, requirements of human chirping of birds, the charms of a therefore, no easy task to subdue nature-forming a firm, enduring moonlit night, in short, all the it and press it into service for relationship so that both parents beauties of nature, stimulate community life, which demands may bring up the child Angela Davis At OU directly or indirectly the sexual patience, perservance, devotion, jointly-they in fact are also urge between the male and the refusing to fulfil the demands of Continued from page 1 and sacrifice, and constant toil Therefore in the aftermath of female. their animal nature. For they do slaves continue? Will men stop and responsible behavior. Ms. Davis' visit it is possible for not aim at procreation during the throwing objects from moving Why has nature endowed man The Prophets of Allah (God) masses of students and faculty, of sexual act, but only at seeking cars at women? Will there have with such an extraordinary understood the real objective of all religious, nationality, racial, maximum pleasure and gratifying been a conscious fight by men to inclination to sex and filled his nature, and hence, devised sexual and other cultural their sexual desire. participate in the kitchen environment with stimuli which marriage as the right form of backgrounds to come together on arouse and excite "him relationship between man and To permit individuals to preparations and clean up actions the basic principle of unity in for social events on campus? This continuously? Is it merely for the woman for sexual as well as social indulge in illicit relationships is action, unity in the fight to free propagation of the species? Or has purposes. It was under the tantamout to committing a crime is how we will judge the sincerity Joan Little, unity in future of the applause on that question. this all been arranged for the influence of their teachings and against society; it is, rather, an actions of mutual benefit. The pleasure and enjoyment of man? guidance that marriage became an attempt to annihilate society. Men Because the liberation of visit of Ms. Davis has left a women from household drudgery, The answer to both questions is institution among all nations of and women who have a strong cleansing odor in the atmosphere no. Although reproduction and the world. inclination for fornication are left from male supremacy is key to which is making it possible for advancing movements for social physical gratification are Besides providing the with little ability to live an blacks and whites, "Greeks" and change, women political prisoners conspicuous results of sexual institution of marriage and family organized matrimonial life. The non "Greeks", social are multiplying. Least we here at activity, nature wants the sexual life, it is also necessary that impurity of thought, the organizations and political O.U. forget, the first two people urge between man and woman to society should strictly prohibit fickleness of sentiment, and the organizations to work tried in the famous Athens 77 sit comfortably with each other. in case at ROTC during the Certainly many people, Vietnam War, were women. They Quality Education For Our Children especially black folk view Ms. are to be the test tube cases for Davis as a heroine. This is a stigma torture, to break movements. which she doesn't like because it Ms. Davis was a political doesn't give credit to he billions Boston, Mass. convention. In two days the extremely serious, called for the prisoner, but she is no longer ROAR forces only drew 138 of peoples who struggle daily behind the metal bars. However law to be upheld and the rights of world wide to make everyday life In order to express support of people to their closed convention. students to be protected. many women are political more worthwhile, especially prisoners behind metal bars. the busing movement in the The importance of what Among other speakers at the women. Now brought out to a Including Loita La Braun of the Boston Public Schools, 50,000 occured here on May 17 can be rally were Roy Wilkins, NAACP new level of profound Puerto Rican Liberation people came here on May 17 to seen through the unity of many Exec. Director, Tom Atkins, understanding by Ms. Davis is the movement, several women demonstrate for quality education different organizations to come Boston NAACP leader; and role of women in the struggle. She political prisoners have been jailed and against racism. together on the fundamental Cynthia Wade, the student body made it quite clear that due to for many years. "In order to make Black and white peoples, point of fighting for educational president at a South Boston centuries of inequality, the International Women's Year Chicanoes, Native-Americans, standards for all youth. school. struggle for the end of racism is of successful, we must ensure that all Puerto Ricans and Asians came to Speakers at the rally pointed A delegation of over 20 people primary importance and with it women political prisoners in the be a part of the largest civil right's out how racism affects the white from Ohio University attended the fight for the full equality of United States are free by the end demonstration called by te students because educational the demonstration and marched all women, but particularly black, of 1975," stressed Ms. Davis. National Association for the standards are lowered for all with the Youth Contingent of Chicana, Puerto Rican, All in all, time will measure the Advancement of Colored Peoples students when black students are over 5,000 young people. The Native-American and Asian impact of Ms. Davis' trip to the (NAACP) in several years. attached. contingent was co-sponsored by women. Dick Gregory made a special the Irish Republican Club of Ohio University campus. One In general most students plea for people to donate money South Boston, Youth United For thing for sure, she is a champion Meanwhile the organized body appeared to be receptive to her to the NAACP to enable them to Jobs and several other commuhity of the masses of peoples. She is a Is of racists opposing busing in this formulation, however the true test city, ROAR (restore Our keep desegration suits in court. organizations. true humanist. Angela Y. Davis is I will be seen in practice,. Wijl the .one ofJhe .greatest patriots of our AJiejiated .-Rights) —held ••-, their— .The comedian,- -who was !W*i™ *•*«• WSsMei selling of women in sororities as* time. L page 10 Afro-American Affairs Summer 1975 arts kMWAv ••.•••••••.•.••-.'.'Wi'WW $30 Billion film STATE OF SEIGE By Gladstone L. Yearwood State of Siege is an incisive film of Mitrione by the imprisonment. This 'foreign aid' Dollar Negro which examines the role of U.S. Tupamaros-their first display of helped to build a police state in imperialism in Latin America. this type of violence. Idris Al-Amin South Vietnam in which m Directed by Constantin Costa Mitrione is renamed Philip American dollars in the guise of Imagine what can be done, in Although only 11 percent of the Garvas, written by Franco Solinas Michael Santore, otherwise the foreign aid were used to finance terms of material growth and total population, blacks in 1961 and featuring Yves in he lead, this details are consistent. Both men the inhuman Conson prison and development, with a million accounted for 17% of the film adroitly utilizes a variety of had large families. Both men were U.S. military offficials supervised dollars. If your organization, soft-drink case sales. cinematic techniques such as rapid former police chiefs in United barbaric forms of torturre. school or community could lay "...Negroes as 11 percent of cross cutting, documentary and States cities. They both worked in dramatic forms to give this film an The underground movement in their hands on one million dollars the total population in the United the U.S. at a special academy set the film presents a united front a great number of their material States, consume over 50 percent impact as one of the more up to train foreign police. Both important films of the decade. approach to the problem. They goals could probably be realized of the Scotch Whiskey imported men were sent overseas under the were extremely well organized. Screenwriter, Franco Solinas (assuming of course, that their into the nation, consume more auspicies of AID-Agency for The film makers in their realistic than 70 percent of the entire worked with Costa Garvas on his interests were judicious). International Development as depiction point out a flaw in the output of the Maine sardine previous two films: Z and The In the book, "The $30 Billion communications and traffic movement. It tended to be industry, consume more than 49 Confession. Solinas was also Dollar Negro" published in 1969, specialists. They travelled the centered around a cadre of percent of all the grape soda responsible for the screenplay of various Latin American countries, author D. Parke Gibson revealed students and intellectuals and not produced in America, spend 23 the classic Battle of Algiers. under the false guise of being in that "the Negro consumer spends the masses of workers, as was percent more for shoes than does Costa Garvas, in an interview humanitarian work, to train and in excess of $30,000,000,000 Rosselini's masterpiece, Open the majority white population, with a New York Times reporter organize special police squads. annually for goods and services." City. This led to their undoing This staggering sum should and spend up to 12 percent more stated, "...From the moment you This is a film with profound for food sold in supermarkets to try to show society a movie and fhe revolutionary movement represent a battering ram in the implications. This investigative was hot wholesomely Afro-American thrust for be consumed athome."^nd this is becomes political The word report in the tradition of the merely a glance at the market. Yet political in Greek come from consummated. freedom. muckrakers condemns the Nevertheless, State of Seige is a This book may be useful in this glance is being provided by a 'city.' Even when you're not in exploitative utilization of book that can best be summed up politics you're in politics because fine film, provocative revealing comprehending some of the humanitarian programs to conceal and titanic in its power. Costa contributing factors that produce as a meek approach to "the great you're letting others do it." imperialist intentions. It exposes white father" requesting that if he State of Siege is a revealing Garvas' technique of rapid cross the conditions in which the U.S. instigated methods of cutting to advance his dramatic Afro-Americans find themselves. will only stop treating Blacks so social realist exposure of U.S. war, torture and fascism and insensitively, they will buy any imperialist policies in Latin line is most effective. Solinas' For example, what influenced you questions the purposes of U.S. narrative is well crafted. This, in to take that trip to Bermuda or to garbage he wants to sell them. America. It depicts a series of foreign aid and policy: Economic Just give them "recognition, occurrences which took place in effect represents the far reaching buy that bottle of Pepsi-Cola? assistance is granted to those possibilities of cinema as an Many anecdotes from the clients identification and invitation" and Montevideo, Uraquay in August countries willing, to accept with this approach the 'Negro' can 1970 when a U.S. government educational tool as well as a mass of D. Parke Gibson Associates conditions of political and entertainment form. reveal some ofthe "Negro hidden be programmed to buy anything. official Dan Mitrione was seized by economic dependence. A second The question of violence arises Persuaders." P. Lorillard, the Don't say, "We've got some the Tupamaros, an underground factor io the protection of U.S. after some has viewed this film. nation's oldest tobacco company, swine guts to sell you niggers." Marxist organization dedicated to monopoly capitalists. Ultimately, the violence of the National Distillers' Old Taylor Say instead, "We're going to the eradication of repression in One clear example in recent oppressed must be seen as efforts liquor dealers and Pepsi Cola have provide your neighborhood with their country. A ransom exchange Indo-China history and the CIA to protect themselves from all endeared black consumers to some dynamite soul food for of 150 political prisoners was program in South Vietnam super-exploitation of the their products by providing them beautiful black brothers and demanded. The Uraguayan Operation Phoenix-designed to indigenous ruling classes the with previously "overlooked" sisters." government reneged on the wipe out so-called communist imperialist agents of foreign Afro-American accomplishments exchange and forced the murder sympathizers by assassination and governments. in American his tory. Starved for their history, film The ii( re Blacks show their appreciation by Sambizanga By Denise Ransom buying these brands. P. Ballentine Two shows in New York and Sons have manipulated the Presently using the works of two minds of blacks so well that the A Triumph Of Realist Cinema black playwrights and are company enjoys the top position By Qadstone L Yearwood exploitation. This movement tight community structure. The providing black actors with a good in the New York Afro-American The film Sambizanga, released involves a total struggle women wage a noble struggle. opportunity to make their market by manufacturing and in the United States by New incorporating the children, the There is a saying that the prescence known on Broadway distributing the alcoholic beverage, Yorker Films and co-produced by elders, the women and the men. A movement has eyes and ears arc Wiz and Black Picture show. beer, to the black community. the liberation movement in character in the film, Mussante, everywhere. The child Zito plays "Wiz", the musical version of Although Blacks and Angola and the government of the when addressing two students told daily, pitching marbles, in front of "The Wizard of Oz," is Puerto-Ricans make up Congo, takes its place in social them, "There are no whites, no the police station. This clearly comparable to it's predecessor. approxiamately 25% of the New realist cinema in the tradition of blacks, no mulattoes...Only the demonstrates the necessity for the Although it is a contemporary York market, in 1969, they excellence established by rich and the poor." He queried working class base of the struggle play, some of the production accounted for approximately 33% Ousmane Sembene's Black Girl. further, dispelling the patronizing against oppression: The workers looks are borrowed from the ofthe total market for beer. The title Sambizanga is not myth of benevolence and are everywhere, in the homes of Ziegfield follies of the 1930's. The "The $30 Billion Negro" explained. This is not necessary philantrophy on the part of the the expoliters etc. added display of colorful abounds with statistics that not because it is the spirit of the film wealthy: "If there were no rich, Sambizanga is a powerful costumes, exciting settings, and only point out the potential and its forward march of there's be poor." indictment of colonialism and melodic tunes combine to make economic lever blacks have on the progressive ideas which become The above is the historical and imperialism. It exposes the brutal what is rated as an unique American business world, but also the kernel of its beauty. It is a ideological base of the film. It is forms of torture utilized by the kaleidoscopic vision, highly rated point out their self-destructive simple tale; a recollection of real most persuasive and powerful in police authorities and confirms by Broadway standards. consumptive patterns. life occurrences about a truck its depiction of and sympathy for their depravity. The film is a The script, by William Brown, driver, Domingo, his love of life; "A Study of Consumer the oppressed. Noteworthy is the triumph: a victory for the follows the original story line (by his love for his family and Expenditures, conducted by the role played by the white oppressed in their quest for Lyman Frank Baum), but makes freedom from exploitation and U.S. Department of Labor, engineer-a worker! He has no airs freedom. Although Domingo dies concessions to modern times. The oppression. Domingo is picked up Bureau of Labor Statistics, and of superiority; merely those of in the end, he reveals absolutely tin man is some "spaced-out by the - local authorities and published by the Univ. of comradeship. Then there is Maria, nothing to his torturers. He garbage can," and the Wicked imprisoned in another area. There Pennsylvania in 1957, showed the Domingo's wife. Amidst this all refuses to grant them their Witch of the West is a "downer." he is inhumanely tortured; yet he black consumption of alcoholic she is understanding and knows manhood leaving them defeated The rythm-blues styke music is refuses to talk. He dies in prison. beverages at twice the rate of that women too must play an and emasculated. Towards the end written by Charles Smalls. white consumption." "The The characteristics which make integral role in the eradication of of the film, Mussante tells of "Black Picture Show" is a average white woman spent forty this an outstanding work is the oppression and exploitation. In Domingo's death. It is a day of drama which deals with the dollars per year in beauty salons, film maker's, Sarah Maldoroh, the context of this stage of the mourning for the loss of a traditional exploitation of Blacks treatment of details. Her struggle, the women are important while the average Negro woman dedicated dear comrade. Most of by whites. The production, to the protection of the spent seventy-two." "Urban dialectical approach to this all it is a day of joy because ofthe written and directed by Bill Gunn, organization. They can constantly Negroes spend more than narrative is historically correct. In triumph of the oppressed is reviewed to be an honest be a thorn in the asses of the $541,000,000 for vacation travel Sambizange, one is witness to the Angolans over corruption and compelling theatrical work that each year." $350,000,000 is spent movement of the workers in authorities. inhumanity. further brinp the black Theater annually for hair care products. orgainized resistance against their The film exhibits a proud into it's own. page 11 Summer 197S Afro-American Affairs Health Fasting To Better Health By Idris Al-Amin Man is guided not only by his relish for food can turn man into other factors. This process is instincts but by moral and a glutton. An uncontrolled called atheroma, and many aesthetic considerations as well. It hankering after sexual satisfaction theories have been put forward to is these considerations which can degenerate him into a explain the mechanism of prevent his animal instincts from debauch, divesting him of fidelity atheroma or rustiness. of the blood playing havoc with the demands and love on which family life is vessels. Fasting halts the process of harmonious social existence, founded. An excessive love for of artheroma or rustiness of the decency and refinement. Thus, a ease and comfort can make him blood vessels. Fasting makes your system, which seeks to direct the indolent and sluggish, rendering blood vessels less hard and more instincts to proper channels and him incapable of any positive and supple. Looking at it from imposes restraints upon them, constructive effort. Science is in a another angle, do you realize that- paves the way for the true state of continuous evolution and at any age, you are younger, fulfilment of man's nature. On the discoveries follow on one medically speaking, than any one hand, there can be no doubt another's heels. There is a large other person your age who did that seeking the satisfaction of flow of information, coming like a not fast? This process is related to hunger, of sex and of the desire spring from symposia and medical the process of rejuvination, where for comfort is natural and that the journals. I shall explain to you the the arteries are more supple and absolute suppression of any of advantages of fasting from various' pliable. these physical desires is positively aspects; (1) physical or cellular Fasting lowers blood pressure. unhealthy. On the other hand, level (2) moral and (3) spiritual. Fasting prevents arterio-sclerosis these physical" .desires can At the cellular or biological (Heart Disease). Fasting increases tyrannise human life. level, why is it that this body of the power of the blood to ours gets old and we die? Most of if, instead of controlling these dissolve blood clots, whether the f us die because blood flowing desires, a man is controlled by clot is in the coronary arteries of through our coronary arteries them, he becomes the heart that has caused a heart clots; these arteries must have indistinguishable from animals by attack, or in the cerebral arteries become hard and rusty because of becoming irresponsive to higher that has caused a stroke. age, because of improper diet and and finer urges. An unfettered THE HOG Should it be used for food ?

By Idris Al-Amin As strange as the expression beasts-a digestive system more From the foregoing, some ma: sounds, the hog occupies a large capable of eliminating impurities be led to conclude that if the hog space on the dining room table in from the food eaten than is the was kept in clean quarters and millions of homes, Many, like the digestive system of the unclean given nothing but pure food to writer who have been reared in animals. eat, its flesh would then be just as homes where pork, in some form, The beasts classified in the desirable for human consumption was a part of the regular diet, will Bible as being clean and as the flesh of any other animal, be surprised, not a little, to learn permissible for food are those but such would not be true. The that the eating of swine's flesh is which chew the cud and divide naturally filthy hog could be prohibited by the Scriptures, and the hoof. Lev. 11:2, 3. These are forced into the most sanitary that discoveries by the medical animals which not only subsist conditions, nourished upon profession during recent years entirely upon sanitary foods, but delicacies-cake, pie, and heavenly prove it to be unsafe as an article also have a digestive system which hash, and still it would be unfit of food. tends to make their flesh more for food merely because God said, Farmers know that when they wholesome for food because of its "He is unclean to you. Of their are feeding cattle it will also pay cleansing and eliminating flesh shall ye not eat." them to keep hogs, so that the possibilities. The above fact is hogs can follow after the cattle, emphasized by Dr. Thomas H. Dr. Willard H. Wright, who had eat the filth from the cattle, and Nelson who wrote in the Wichita, charge of the zoology department thus turn it into pork for the Kans. Defender "The animals that of the National Institute of' public. It is being recognized that chewed the cud and divided the Health, is quoted as crediting our the words used are not those hoof, such as the ox, sheep, goat, nation with "the greatest problem which make for beauty, but how deer, buffalo, etc., because of the of trichinosis of any country in "in a series of 24 case* of 'squeal' in pain caused by their could a person use pretty, saculated condition of the. the world." Health, a popular trichinosis reported recently, 22 folly. high-sounding words when alimentary canal and the health magazine published in were said to have resulted from Such findings from so large a describing the nature of a hog? secondary cud receptacle, have Mountain View, California, "cooked pork." Leaflet 34, p. 8. number of investigations makes (Such as "soul food" hogmaws, practically three stomachs, as declared, regarding trichinosis, U.S. Department of Agriculture. very apparent that few Muslims pig feet, "Bar-B-Q" ribs, refining agencies and cleasing "The disease is painful, as the Regardless of the many and Jews have trichinosis, simply chitterlings,) To try to do so laboratories, for the purifying of worms enter the moi" active Scriptures condemning the hog as because they abstain from swine's would be like "putting on their food; thus weeding out from muscles, such as chest, heart, eyes, an article of food, and all the flesh, according to the instruction perfume before going out to fight their systems most of the and tongue...Particularly discoveries of medical science of The Creator penned in the a skunk or rob a buzzard's nest." poisonous a,. J deleterious matter, disturbing, is the fact that the reveaiing the wisdom of abiding Scriptures. When the foul, impure foods brought to light reasons why God, parasitic infection, but writes by the prohibitions of Holy Writ, According to a recent study upon which the hog feeds are eons ago, could have condemned down a diagnosis of typhoid, many continue to eat the brute conducted by the United Nations referred to in connection with the the hog as unfit for food. The intestinal fly, pleurisy, or may from head to tail. His body is organization UNESCO on an area, teaching that pork in unfit for microscope has revealed that the even operate for appendicities. In eaten, his head is turned into head of India occupied by primarily food, many will say that the hog flesh of hogs is often infested with all, some sixty diseases have been cheese, and even his ears and tail Hindus who had a high intake of is no more filthy in its habits of trichina worms, which when taken confused for trichinosis.." inserted. His blood is turned into swine in their diet, it was feeding than a chicken. If this into the human body multiply Many persons, while reading blood pudding; his stomach is discovered that the fat of the hog, were true, there is still a vast and begin to work their way this treatise, will be reasoning transformed into tripe; his feet are effects the superrenal gland ofthe difference between the digestive through the entire system, even with themselves that the only pickled his intestines are used for human system and consequently system of a hog and that of a into the brain and heart. This danger of contracting trichinosis sausage covers; his heart, liver and the fertility of the people who ate chicken. Th: chicken has two condition is known as trichinosis. from pork eating comes from kidneys are cooked; and his very swine in their diet, had a lower stomachs--the glandular stomach Thus far there is no known cure eating raw pork and that some bristles are sought for wax ends, fertility rate than Muslims living and the gizzard. Knowing these for the disease, since nothing has form of cooking would remove all etc. there is not even his 'grunt' in the same area who exclude the facts about the cliicken, we might been discovered which will kill the danger. If that were true, it hardly left unused, for the transgressors swine's flesh from their diet. believe that the Creator trichina without killing the person seems that cooked worms could against God's and nature's laws Subsequently-predominantly permitted it to be used for food when once the worms have started be appetizing, but it is clearly take up this undesirable remnant, Muslim countries such as Saudi because u has a digestive system working into the flesh. evident that many do hoi cook and 'grunt' with disease and Arabia have a high fertility rate. something like that of the clean pork sufficiently to kill trichinae. As-Sallamu Alaikum •I Critical t nice of the Black Community IJJIMMKEBCIMC M£">*» Flash Binford | By Marc Brown The National Basketball game, agains the likes of Bob Ohio University's superstar Association draft, which starts on McAdoo (Buffalo), Rudy guard, Walter Luckett, has filed for ..•..•• May 29 should illustrate that Tomjanovich (Houston), Moses the national Basketball times are changing in the Malone (Utah), and Jim Chones Association's hardship draft, Mid-American Conference. (Cleveland). ending many months of campus *—« A conference not known for Brilliant things were expected speculation. producing multitudes of pro out of Cash, after an excellent If his petition gets approval, basketball prospects, the MAC has sophomore season. Since then, the Luckett would be on the the chance to gain some 6'7" forward has rebounded well eligibility list for professional recognition. The MAC, which was (15th in the nation last season), Basketball's upcoming draft only lightly-speckled with black during the month of May. hoopsters as late as 1969, could but his total game never really have as many as eight black came around as expected. Still, Luckett filed his petition players drafted or at least given a Cash should be drafted for his before the Spring break and try-out with a > professional size, rebounding potential and the quickly was deluged by phone franchise. hope he might put it all together. calls and letters from prospective Some pro scouts rated McElroy agents. He refused to state if he The 1975 MAC vintage crop is has signed with any organization led by a pair of bonafide pro as one of the top five senior guards in the nation. The 6'3" yet. "1 definitely think I have a prospects, Dan Roundfield chance to be a pro ball player" (Central Michigan) and Ohio's shooter-playmaker, whose playing style often electrified the crowd, said Luckett, "and I'm filing for Walter Luckett. Good big men are hardship to see what I'm worth. If at a premium in the NBA, which has always played the "pro-type" game. they give me what I want, I'll could make Roundfield the first leave." OU's star guard did not Ohio's George Green (6'5V4") is MAC player to be picked. comment on what type of strong but at an inbetween size Roundfield's size (6'8"), strength, situation would be most and Toledo's Jim Brown (6'8") is standing vertical jump (over 35 persuasive for him to leave. "My an intimidator, but doesn't have Walter Luckett inches) and near perfect timing father will have a big influence on much weight. Still, both have scoring records and last year was desire to play for his hometown has impressed pro scouts all what I sign for. If its not a shown enough to get a pro tryout, named the MAC's "player of the favorites, the New York Knicks. season. reasonable offer, I'll get an if they aren't chosen by the draft year." This year he came in "I've been a Knicks fan all my life "The pros say Dan will go in education and then go to the pros route. second to Central Michigan's Dan and I'd like to join them," he the first round," CMU assistant later." Roundfield. stated. coach Denny Alexander said at Luckett is two quarters short "There is no question that it Luckett's alternative team is mid-season. "They've been coming of receiving his BA in Business hurts to loose a player of his the Milwaukee Bucks. He also around every game." Administration. He expressed the caliber whether its through prefers the NBA over the ABA Roundfield, who shot 62 per desire to complete his education graduation or not," said OU coach because the former league is more cent from the floor, while at Ohio University. Dale Bandy. "It hurts us to lose stable. He feels that the ABA ha; averaging 18,7 points and 11.9 During his three years here at George Green and Tom Hester, some strong ball clubs but there is rebounds per game this past OU, Luckett established himself but you've got to go. on." The the possibility of a merger and he season, enhanced his first round as the best "roundballer" ever to coach continued, "I don't think would like to start off in the pros chances with an awesome wear an Ohio University Uniform. Walt has any limitations on a very firm footing as soon as defensive display against powerful He led the mid-American physically. He has improved year possible. Kentucky in the NCAA regional Conference in scoring during his by year and I think he can make it "1 hope to go high in the draft semifinals. sophomore and junior years, in the pros. but I won't predict the round. Luckett, the conference's top leading his team to a MAC crown Although Luckett won't turn Hopefully it will be the first." • offensive performer over the past in 1974. He crashed the down any substantial offer by any GOOD LUCK WALT! two seasons, has been contacted ...... George University's career and seasonal basketball club, he expresses a by «five NBA and four ABA teams SSSSSfi%¥ffS*%**i^^ who have expressed an interest in drafting him in the early rounds. After averaging 25.3 points per game last season as a junior, the sharp-shooting guard has become sportswhirl the first MAC player to apply and get on the NBA's hardship list. Ron Bass Luckett, who holds almost all and Ronald Bass, that fast had in his possession a secret Conference Championship by Ohio University scoring records, The South Green Bullets won breaking guard. weapon for the Bullish Bulls, defeating the Boston Celtics 98 to has the size (6'41/i") and shooting every game they played this past The Bullets also had a strong which was a rookie from UCLA' 92 in the sixth game of their best touch to be a big scorer in the winter in the Ohio University bench lead by a 6 ft. 2 in. Keith Wilkes. In the final game of seven play-off series. The pros. Intramural Basketball Jumping Jack Rudy Jones and the young rookie came up with Celtics were never a serious threat. Other black conference tournament, for a record of 16 followed by nimble handed Alan the outstanding defensive play to Young Phil Chenier did his thing performers who should get wins. It was the high spirit of McKee and Marco Marshall. half the Chicago forwards dead in in the final three games with 83 drafted include Skip Howard, togetherness which helped this The South Green Bullets made their tracks. During the last points. Second year pro Nick Cornelius Cash (both Bowling team to the number one position history by being the first quarter he blocked two shots (Spoon) Weatherspoon destroyed Green) and James McElroy in the tournament. intramural team to play and win from both Chicago's starting the legend of John 'Hondo' (CMU). Howard, a 6'9", 200 The team was led by Early the final game in the Convo. forwards. Then he threw in a total Havlicek who incidentally is pound forward, started to really (Joe) Jones, the best quarterback preceding the Bowling Green vs. of 23 points to seal the victory for contemplating retirement. come into his own towards the and defensive guard on campus. Ohio U. game on February 26. coach Attles and his team the end of last season. His outside Rebouding for the Bullets were Golden State Warriors. scoring touch has carried over into Charles Smith and Brian Rhodes This reporter will continue post-season play, where he scored and the scoring was pulled off by reporting the latest in Sports both 32 points in a college-pro All-Star Robert Webster from the outside Golden State coach, Al Attles Washington won the Eastern local and national in *hc fall.