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(Spillway and Outlet Works) Design Standards

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(Spillway and Outlet Works) Design Standards Design Standards No. 14 Appurtenant Structures for Dams (Spillways and Outlet Works) Design Standard Chapter 3: General Spillway Design Considerations Final: Phase 4 U.S. Department of the Interior Bureau of Reclamation August 2014 Mission Statements The U.S. Department of the Interior protects America’s natural resources and heritage, honors our cultures and tribal communities, and supplies the energy to power our future. The mission of the Bureau of Reclamation is to manage, develop, and protect water and related resources in an environmentally and economically sound manner in the interest of the American public. Design Standards Signature Sheet Design Standards No. 14 Appurtenant Structures for Dams (Spillways and Outlet Works) Design Standard DS-14(3): Final: Phase 4 August 2014 Chapter 3: General Spillway Design Considerations Foreword Purpose The Bureau of Reclamation (Reclamation) design standards present technical requirements and processes to enable design professionals to prepare design documents and reports necessary to manage, develop, and protect water and related resources in an environmentally and economically sound manner in the interest of the American public. Compliance with these design standards assists in the development and improvement of Reclamation facilities in a way that protects the public's health, safety, and welfare; recognizes needs of all stakeholders; and achieves lasting value and functionality necessary for Reclamation facilities. Responsible designers accomplish this goal through compliance with these design standards and all other applicable technical codes, as well as incorporation of the stakeholders’ vision and values, that are then reflected in the constructed facilities. Application of Design Standards Reclamation design activities, whether performed by Reclamation or by a non- Reclamation entity, must be performed in accordance with established Reclamation design criteria and standards, and approved national design standards, if applicable. Exceptions to this requirement shall be in accordance with provisions of Reclamation Manual Policy, Performing Design and Construction Activities, FAC P03. In addition to these design standards, designers shall integrate sound engineering judgment, applicable national codes and design standards, site-specific technical considerations, and project-specific considerations to ensure suitable designs are produced that protect the public's investment and safety. Designers shall use the most current edition of national codes and design standards consistent with Reclamation design standards. Reclamation design standards may include exceptions to requirements of national codes and design standards. Deviations and Proposed Revisions Reclamation designers should inform the Technical Service Center (TSC), via Reclamation’s Design Standards Website notification procedure, of any recommended updates or changes to Reclamation design standards to meet current and/or improved design practices. Chapter Signature Sheet Bureau of Reclamation Technical Service Center Design Standards No. 14 Appurtenant Structures for Dams (Spillways and Outlet Works) Design Standard Chapter 3: General Spillway Design Considerations DS-14(3):1 Final: Phase 4 August 2014 Design Standards No. 14 is a new document. Chapter 3 of this Design Standards was developed to provide: Technical processes for evaluating existing spillways and selecting the type and size of spillway modifications for existing dams Technical processes for selecting the type, location, and size of a new spillway for existing and/or new dams A list of key technical references for evaluating existing spillways and selecting the type, location, and size of a spillway for existing and/or new dams _____________ 1 DS-14(3 ) refers to Design Standards No. 14, chapter 3. Acronyms and Abbreviations ACER Assistance Commissioner - Engineering and Research ACI American Concrete Institute ASCE American Society of Civil Engineers ASR alkali-silica-reaction BIA Bureau of Indian Affairs CDF computational fluid dynamics CJ construction joint CrJ contraction joint CtJ control joint DBE design basis earthquake DM decision memorandum EJ expansion joint EM Engineering Manual or monograph F formed concrete surface FEM Finite Element Model IDF Inflow Design Flood M&I municipal and industrial M-O Mononobe-Okabe OVIC Ongoing Visual Inspection Checklist PC point of curvature PFM potential failure mode PHA peak horizontal acceleration PMF Probable Maximum Flood PT point of tangency PVC polyvinyl chloride RCA reservoir capacity allocation RCC roller compacted concrete Reclamation Bureau of Reclamation RWS reservoir water surface SOP Standing Operating Procedures SSD saturated surface dry TSC Technical Service Center TM Technical memorandum or technical manual U unformed concrete surface USCS Unified Soil Classification System Contents Page 3.1 Scope .................................................................................................. 3-1 3.2 Definitions and Concepts ................................................................... 3-1 3.2.1 Spillways .............................................................................. 3-2 3.2.1.1 Service Spillway .................................................. 3-2 3.2.1.2 Auxiliary Spillway ............................................... 3-2 3.2.1.3 Emergency Spillway ............................................ 3-2 3.2.2 Dams ..................................................................................... 3-5 3.2.2.1 Concrete Dams ................................................... 3-10 3.2.2.2 Embankment Dams ............................................ 3-11 3.2.2.3 Composite Dams ................................................ 3-11 3.3 Function ........................................................................................... 3-11 3.3.1 General ............................................................................... 3-11 3.3.2 Checklist and Procedure – Spillway Design ...................... 3-12 3.3.2.1 Checklist ............................................................ 3-15 3.3.2.2 Procedure ........................................................... 3-16 3.3.3 Relationship Between Reservoir Storage and Spillway Discharge Capacity ..................................................... 3-17 3.3.4 Spillway Configuration ...................................................... 3-18 3.4 Design Floods .................................................................................. 3-20 3.4.1 Inflow Design Flood ........................................................... 3-21 3.4.2 Construction Diversion Floods ........................................... 3-21 3.5 Spillway Location, Type, and Size .................................................. 3-21 3.5.1 Spillway Location ............................................................... 3-21 3.5.1.1 Dam Abutments ................................................. 3-22 3.5.1.2 Reservoir Rim .................................................... 3-22 3.5.1.3 Over or Through a Dam ..................................... 3-22 3.5.1.4 Spillway Foundations......................................... 3-23 3.5.2 Spillway Type and Size ...................................................... 3-23 3.5.2.1 Uncontrolled Spillways ...................................... 3-23 3.5.2.2 Controlled Spillways .......................................... 3-43 3.5.2.3 Spillway Types Summary .................................. 3-54 3.5.2.4 Considerations for Selecting Spillway Type and Size .......................................................... 3-57 3.5.2.5 Procedure for Selecting Spillway Type and Size ................................................................. 3-58 3.5.3 Examples ............................................................................ 3-59 3.6 General Hydraulic Considerations ................................................... 3-60 3.6.1 Discharge Capacity ............................................................. 3-60 3.6.1.1 Crest Control (Uncontrolled or Free Flow) ....... 3-60 3.6.1.2 Orifice Control (Controlled Flow) ..................... 3-62 3.6.1.3 Pipe Control (Pressurized Flow) ........................ 3-64 3.6.1.4 Multiple Hydraulic Controls .............................. 3-65 DS-14(3) August 2014 3-i Page 3.6.1.5 Discharge Capacity Design Procedures ............. 3-66 3.6.1.6 Existing Spillways ............................................. 3-70 3.6.1.7 New Spillways ................................................... 3-71 3.6.2 Flood Routing ..................................................................... 3-72 3.6.2.1 Current Data ....................................................... 3-72 3.6.2.2 Starting RWS ..................................................... 3-73 3.6.2.3 Starting Time ..................................................... 3-73 3.6.2.4 Time Increments ................................................ 3-74 3.6.2.5 Complete Routings............................................. 3-74 3.6.2.6 Robustness (Freeboard) Study ........................... 3-74 3.6.3 Reservoir Evacuation and First Filling ............................... 3-74 3.6.3.1 Current Data ....................................................... 3-75 3.6.3.2 Starting RWS ..................................................... 3-75 3.6.3.3 Hydrology .......................................................... 3-77 3.6.4 Other Hydraulics ................................................................ 3-77 3.6.4.1
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