I Application of the World Heritage Convention by the States Parties (a) Jiuzhaigou Valley (b) Huanglong CHINA (PEOPLE’S (c) Wulingyuan • 1993 1 nomination (inscribed) REPUBLIC OF) (a) Ruins of Jiaohe Ancient City • 1994 4 nominations (inscribed) I.1 Introduction (a) Mountain resort, Chengde (b) Temple of Confucius, Qufu (c) Building complex in the Wudang mountains (d) Potala Year of ratification 1985 Palace, Lhasa 1996 2 nominations Organisation submitting the report • (a) Lushan National Park (deferred) • Natural Section I: (b) Mount Emei incl. Leshan Giant Buddha (inscribed) Ministry of Construction 1997 3 nominations (inscribed) No. 9 Sanlihe St., • (a) Old Town of Lijiang Beijing (b) Ancient City of Ping Yao • Cultural Section I: (c) Classical Gardens of Suzhou The State Administration of Cultural Heritage 1998 2 nominations (inscribed) 10 Chaoyangmenwai Beidajie, • (a) Temple of Heaven, Beijing Beijing (b) Summer Palace, Beijing I.2 Identification of cultural and natural • 1999 2 nominations (inscribed) (a) Dazu Rock Carvings heritage properties (b) Mount Wuyi • 2000 4 nominations (inscribed) The status of national inventories (a) Mount Qincheng & Dujiangyan irrigation system • NH: The Office of National Parks, in the Ministry of (natural heritage deferred) Construction, has now announced 151 national (b) Ancient villages in southern Anhui, Xidi & Hongcun parks (in 1982, 1988, 1994, 1998) & 188 national (c) Longmen Grottoes nature reserves. (d) Imperial tombs of Ming & Qing dynasties • CH: Since 1961, 1,269 properties have been • 2001 1 nomination (inscribed) declared as ‘national cultural relics’. There are more (a) Yungang Grottoes than 7,000 provincial-level cultural relics, and around • 2002 7 nominations (to be examined, 2003) 50,000 county-level cultural relics. (a) Ancient Architecture of Macao (b) Honghe terraced fields in Yunnan The preparation of a Tentative List (c) The ruins of Yin Xu • 85 sites revised in October 2001. (d) Imperial Tombs of Ming & Qing dynasties (extension) • CH, NH: Local authorities are increasingly active in (e) Kaiping watchtower in Guangdong the early stages of the Tentative List preparation. (f) Three Parallel Rivers National Park, Yunnan Local communities are also consulted. (g) Earthen buildings in Fujian • CH: When a site is to be nominated, the Government Nominations and the nomination process provides financial support for environmental • 1986 * 2 nominations (deferred/referred) improvements, mobilises the local population to (a) Jixian rehabilitate inappropriate buildings, encourages & (b) The Giant Panda Reserves educates communities about heritage protection. • 1987 5 nominations (inscribed) • CH: It is observed that after inscription on the WH (a) The Great Wall List, some regions have over-exploited WH (b) Mount Taishan properties. (c) Imperial Palace of Ming & Qing dynasties • NH: The main motivation for natural WH nomination (d) Mogao Caves is to strengthen the state of conservation of (e) Mausoleum of the first Qin Emperor properties. • 1989 * 2 nominations (deferred/referred) (a) Habitats of the Giant Panda (b) Tonglushan • 1990 1 nomination (inscribed) (a) Mount Huangshan • 1991 * 2 nominations (referred) (a) Stone Forest, Yunnan (b) Huangguoshu Waterfalls, Guizhou • 1992 3 nominations (inscribed) 2 Application of the World Heritage Convention by the States Parties I I.3 Protection, conservation and Numerous natural & mixed site managers have presentation of the cultural and natural visited the USA for “professional capacity building”. heritage • NH: Training programmes have been implemented since 1984. Partners include different universities (20 ‘modules’ on protection & planning at Tsinghua), Integration of heritage and planning and the ‘China Landscape & Historic Spots • NH: General management plans for WH sites are Association’. being revised and are expected to be completed by • CH: The State Administration has a staff of 20 the end of 2003. qualified in heritage disciplines, and runs its own • NH: Numerous government agencies “increase the ‘Science, Research & Education’ division. complexity of management” of WH properties. There • CH: Principal training needs are focused on are also “ a lot of stakeholders whose responsibility increasing international experience in WH and obligation are not defined by laws.” management & heritage legislation. • NH: Every year, site managers of national parks • CH: The universities of Tshinghua, Dongnan, Tongji, meet to discuss training, protection technology & Beijing Science & Engineering College, and the management policies. Central Academy of Fine Arts, offer courses in • CH: Principles of WH protection are integrated into protection, conservation & presentation of heritage. urban development plans. WH protection and • CH: ICCROM & ICOMOS have both organised tourism plans are integrated into the urban & rural specialised training courses in China. plans relevant to each site. • CH: A recognised need to enhance inter-ministerial New and improved services co-ordination for sustainable development exists. • NH: In 2001, the ‘China Study Report on the protection & application for Natural Heritage’ was Participation of local communities submitted to the WH Centre. • NH: “Some financial support” exists to assist local • NH: The Ministry of Construction has initiated a communities in heritage protection. national park monitoring programme “through remote • NH: The ‘China Landscape & Historic Spots sensing and GIS technology.” Association’ has built site-level training centres in • CH: Laws & regulations concerning management Taishan & Dujiangyan National Parks. and planning for heritage sites have been enhanced. • CH: Community participation is encouraged through • CH: Publicity on the value of heritage properties, and media campaigns & recognition of the volunteers’ provision of service facilities for visitors. efforts. • CH: Principles for the conservation of heritage sites • CH: The private sector & NGOs are acknowledged in China adopted in October 2000. as contributors on heritage projects. Issues to be addressed Tourism Development • NH: Needs outlined include: (i) insufficient resources • NH: Refer to site-specific reports. to finance comprehensive scientific research in • CH: It is observed that since WH inscription some natural properties; (ii) international exchanges regions have over-exploited their WH properties for among WH sites; (iii) “enact practical and applicable tourism development. laws & regulations”; and (iv) “commend and reward the work achievements of outstanding WH sites.” Financial measures and budget allowance • CH: Needs outlined include: (i) co-ordination of • NH: “Most financial support” for the “preservation protection and usage for sustainable development; and rehabilitation of natural & mixed heritage comes (ii) implementation of specific legislation for WH from the provincial and local governments where the protection; (iii) increasing the role of ICOMOS China heritage sites are located.” No figures supplied. through a National WH Expert Committee; (iv) • NH: It is noted that “there is no annual budget clearly additional training & the application of advanced defined for WH properties”, but the funds can be technology in heritage protection; and (v) ‘special obtained from existing budgets. heritage funds’. • CH: The State allocates special funds for protection, research & presentation of WH properties and other I.4 International co-operation and fund national cultural relics. No figures supplied. raising • CH: There is a need for “special heritage funds”. National and International Fund Raising Professional • Since 1999, China has donated US$I.25 million for • NH: A MOU has been signed between the Park the preservation of Angkor, Cambodia. Service of the Dept. of the Interior, USA, and the • Chengde is twinned with Kandy, Sri Lanka. National Park Agency of China since 2000. 3 I Application of the World Heritage Convention by the States Parties • * Since 1994, China has voluntarily donated I.5 Education, information and awareness- US$100,000 to the WH Fund. building • Support from the governments of Italy and Australia, the State Government of Bavaria, Germany, and the Information and awareness measures J. Paul Getty Trust is acknowledged. • NH: Exhibitions on the value of WH properties, and • * International Assistance from the WHF as follows: the “usual means” of news media, TV programmes, 1986 $15,000 Preparatory, Cultural sites nomination websites, academic seminars, and “exchange 1987 $20,000 Training, Natural sites workshop activities among the administrative organizations”. $7,000 Training, Architectural conservation • NH: It is proposed to “encourage students from $8,000 Training, Int. seminar natural sites universities, middle schools & primary schools to 1988, $17,000 Training, (Mt Taishan) take part in backpack tours to publicize WH $24,800 Preparatory, Conservation plans for properties.” cultural sites • NH: It is proposed to “build a mechanism for $30,000 Training, Natural sites volunteers participation” in WH properties. 1990 $146,000 Technical, (the Great Wall) CH: Public awareness is raised through campaigns $13,000 Technical, Museology seminar • in the media, educational & academic programs. $20,000 Training, (Mt Taishan) 1991 $13,412 Emergency, (Mt Huangshan) • CH, NH: The UNESCO project ‘Young People’s $5,000 Technical, (Mt Taishan) Participation in World Heritage Preservation’ and 1993 $15,000 Preparatory, Xi’an nomination Promotion has been adopted. $10,000 Training, Regional