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Bulletin of the Chicago Herpetological Society Issn 0009-3464

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Bulletin of the Chicago Herpetological Society Issn 0009-3464 BULLETIN OF THE CHICAGO HERPETOLOGICAL SOCIETY VOLLTWE 19 (3) 1984 BULLETIN OF THE CHICAGO HERPETOLOGICAL SOCIETY ISSN 0009-3464 VOLUME 19, NUMBER 3 CONTENTS THE DISCOVERY OF EUEICEA JUNALUSKA David M. Sever 75 NOTES ON THE AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES OF THE GREAT DISMAL SWAMP OF VIRGINIA AND NORTH CAROLINA Don Schwab 8 5 BACKGROUND INFOI-IMATION FOR THE PROTECTION OF THE TIMBER RATTLE• SNAKE IN NEW YORK STATE William S. Brown 94 COMMERICAL EXPLOITATION OF GRAPTEMYS AND STERNOTHEBUS TURTLES John H. Muir 9 8 BVFOLUCILIA BUFONIVORA (DIPTERA, CALLIPHORIDAE), A LETHAL PARASITE IN THE COMMON EUROPEAN TOAD, 3UFO BUFO (ANURA, BUFONIDAE) Jozef Nijs 101 CAUDAL LURING IN THE MADAGASCAR GROUND BOA, ACRANTOPHIS DUMERILI Michael W. Hammock 104 BOOK REVIEW: PHYLLIS, PHALLUS, GFNGIS COHEN & OTHER CREATURES I HAVE KNOWN by Fredric L. Frye .. Reviewed by Stephen L. Barten 105 LETTER TO THE EDITOR: BOIGA FEEDING HABITS .. Steve Krzystyniak 106 COVER PHOTOGRAP The Junaluska salamander, Euryaea ju a recently described species, learn behind its discovery in David Sever' page 75. The cover photo of the Jun miander was taken by R. Wayne Van Dev timiber rattlesnake, Crotalvs korridu persecuted by m.an over much of its d Vv'illiam S. Brown provides a rational protection in New York state in the page 94. The photograph on the back taken by John C. Murphy near Sauk Ci COPYRIGHT 19 8 4 CHICAGO HERPFTOLOGICAL SOCIETY Bull. Chi. Herp. Soc. 19(3):75-84 /ocPs 75 THE DISCOVERY OF EVRYCEA JVT^ALUSKA ~" David M. Sever Although the discovery of any new species is a major scientific event, it seems to me that among amphibians and reptiles, the de• scription of a new species of salamander is more significant in some ways than the description of a new anuran, snake, or lizard. I adm.it that I ami biased, because my v;ork has been and will proba• bly continue to be primiarily with salamanders. But on the other hand, there are thousands of known species of frogs, snakes, and lizards while there are only about 350 species of salamanders. How• ever, it seems likely that most undiscovered species will be cryptic form.s whose specific distinctiveness will be revealed by techniques such as electrophoretic analysis of proteins or, if morphologically distinct, new species of salam.anders will be found only in poorly collected areas, as in some parts of Central America. Almost a decade ago, I was involved in the description of a new species of Euryoea - E. junaluska which, to my knowledge, is one of the fev; species of salamanders described in recent years from the United States whose description was based entirely upon external morphological characters, i.e., it actually looks different from its congeners. Also, it is som.ewhat surprising that this species was described from an area (the southern Appalachian Mountains) where salamander collecting had been intense for many years. All of the renowned workers on salamanders of the early 20th century - Dunn, Noble, Bishop, etc. - had made sojourns to this region. Only one person, Willis King, who wrote a paper on the herpetofauna of the Great Smoky Mountains (Kina, ]939), found this species and/or recog• nized that it v/as different from other Euvyoea. He did not nam,e it as a new species but called the form a hybrid .5". b. hislineata x oirrigeva. Until I unearthed King's specimens almost 40 years later (Sever, 1976), no one, else had commented on King's strange Eurycea. The story of F. junaluska begins with a letter dated 4 October 197 3 that I received from. Charles D. Sullivan of Nashville, Tennessee. Don Sullivan was then a graduate student at Vanderbilt University, and he was starting what has becomie a very successful com.mercial operation involving the supply of amiphibians to researchers and institutions. As part of his business, he did somie collecting in the southern Appalachian Mountains. He usually lim.ited his efforts there to pick• ing salam.anders off road surfaces on rainy nights. I v;as a graduate student at Tulane University, where I was comipleting m;y doctoral work on the secondary sexual characters of salamianders under Harold A. Dundee. Harold is one of the leading authorities on the Euvyaea occur^ng in the Ozark region. I had just finished miy Master's thesis on the EuTvasa. hislineata com.plex in the m^idv/est. This v.'crk was done at Ohio University under Henri Seibert. Samuel S. Sweet, then at the be lacking in some specimiens, but in this "new species" the lack of a distinct dorsolateral stripe was accompanied by an intense mottling such as I had never seen in a metamorphosed E. hislineata. During the next few days, I photographed the specimens and made color descriptions of them. I then preserved them and collected metric and meristic data. Their body proportions (lim.b length, tail length) were indeed extraordinarily divergent from those populations of E. hislineata that I had studied previously, and I also found that the num.ber and extent of the patches of teeth on the vomerine bone were greater than known from any sample of E. hislineata. I spent miost of my efforts comparing the animals to E. hislineata because our new species was obviously a Euryaea, and E. hislineata was the only congener that even slightly resembled it. I became more and more convinced that this was a nev; species. But even if further work proved this to be wrong, at least here was a case of extreme morpho• logical divergence from the typical E. hislineata morph on which to report. I asked Harold if he wanted to work on a description of the form with me. After receiving a quick affirmation, we decided that Don Sullivan, as the original collector of the animal should also be recognized. I wrote to Sullivan, told him of my feelings about the distinctiveness of the animal, and miade him an offer of collaboration on the description. Don wrote back (a letter dated 11 Novemiber, 1973) expressing his delight with my findings and accepting m.y offer of co-authorship on the original description. Throughout the winter, we exchanged further communications and planned a collecting trip for sometime in May to the area where he collected the animals. The road from which Sullivan had collected the animals was U.S. Route 129 where it borders the Cheoah River in Graham County, North Carolina. Graham County is at the southern end of the Great Smoky Mountains, and the Cheoah River separates the Unicoi Mountains from, the Sm.okies and Yellow Creek Mountains to the north. The Cheoah River arises from an impoundmient, Santeetlah Lake, created during the late 1920's. The impoundment occurs just west of Robbinsville, North Carolina, by the confluence of Tullulah Creek (from, the Cheoah Mountains to the east). Snowbird Creek (from the Snowbird Mountains to the southeast) and Santeetlah Creek (from the Unicoi Mountains). Fromi the dam, on the 1200 ha lake, the base-level Cheoah River (eleva• tion about 37 5 m.) flows westward ino the Little Tennessee River above the village of Tapoco near the Tennessee border. The Cheoah is only about 15 kmi long. Graham County is a mountainous, sparsely populated area vvith less than 7000 permanent residents. Robbinsville, the largest city, has a population of about 600. Harold and I arrived in Graham County on the afternoon of 6 May 1974. Don told us that rooms could be procured cheaply in Robbins• ville at a place called the Joyce PCilm.er Motel. The motel consisted of a series of cottages high on a hill overlooking the town, and he was right - they were very inexpensive! With a shower, a room: cost us $8.00 a night for tv/o. A room, without a shower was only S5.00. We decided to be elegant and took a roomi with a shov.'er. Since it was early, v.'e rode out to the Cheoah P>iver to have a look around. 78 My first view of the Cheoah River was soiriewhat disappointing. It was a beautiful stream - shallow, swift, with huge boulders strewn about the streambed - but it was also quite open and the shore was dry and brushy. It did not look like a good salam.ander stream,, except perhaps for Cryptobranshus. We parked at a bridge crossing the river at Slick Rock Road, a logging road which went up into the Unicois on the south side of the river. We proceeded to turn rocks, rake brush, dip into pools - all the standard techniques for uncovei- ing salamanders. We did find a number of specimens of Eurycea lor.gioauda gutto- lineato., Vesmognathus r^:ontiaola and the larvae of Eseudotriton ruber and of Euryaea - both E. longiaauda and individuals that looked like E. hislineata. However, we had uncovered no adults of the new species when we heard a car squealing to a halt on the road just above the river. It was Don Sullivan, and soon he was down in the stream with us tearing through the rocks and brush looking for our new Euryaea. We were just about to call it a day when I turned several rocks along the water's edge, in a sandy area above the Slick Rock Bridge. Under these rocks were m.y first 2 specim.ens of the new species. They were quite active, and one of them seemed to try to jum.p from, its resting spot into the river. I happily claimed to have caught it in midair, a boast responded to with some incredulity from Don and Harold Although we searched the Cheoah and surrounding streams intensely for the next day and one-half, we did not find any further specim.ens of the new species.
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