Geological Survey of Mineral Economy Solutions Espoo 15.4.2020 43/2020

Investigations of the Kellokallio spodumene pegmatite in , Western Finland

Janne Kuusela, Jukka Kaunismäki

Geologian tutkimuskeskus | Geologiska forskningscentralen | Geological Survey of Finland Espoo   Kuopio  Loppi  Outokumpu  Rovaniemi www.gtk.fi  Puh/Tel +358 29 503 0000  Y-tunnus / FO-nummer / Business ID: 0244680-7 Geological Survey of Finland The investigations of the Kellokallio spodumene pegmatite in Vetil, Western Finland

15.4.2020

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF FINLAND DOCUMENTATION PAGE Date / Dnro

Authors Type of report Janne Kuusela Open file work report

Commission by

Title of report Investigations of the Kellokallio spodumene pegmatite

Abstract The Geological Survey of Finland (GTK) investigated during 2017 - 2018 a spodumene pegmatite dyke located in Veteli, Western Finland, that was for the first time noted by Outokumpu in 1984. The detection of Kellokallio dyke has great importance giving the evidence of existing spodumene bearing LCT pegmatites 40 km southwards and beyond from the lithium province and therefore greatly expanding the Li potential area in the Ostrobothnian region. The GTK conducted boulder mapping, a till sampling program of 79 samples, and diamond drilling of 1026 m in order to investigate the dimensions of Kellokallio pegmatite, and to trace other pegmatites in the area. The LCT pegmatite dyke was traced within a distance of 200 m and with the best drill interception of 3,15m @ 0,97% LiO2. Tiivistelmä Geologian tutkimuskeskus teki mineraalipotentiaalitutkimuksia Vetelin ja Perhon kunnissa vuosina 2017 – 2018 ja löysi uudelleen spodumeenipegmatiitin, joka havaittiin ensimmäistä kertaa vuonna 1984 Outokumpu Oy:n suorittamissa kultatutkimuksissa. Havainto on merkityksellinen suurentaen huomattavasti litiumpotentiaalista aluetta Kaustisen litium provinssin ulkopuolelle. Kellokallio nimisen kohteen ympäristössä on tehty akkumineraaliprojektin yhteydessä lohkarekartoitusta, 79 pistettä moreeninäytteenottoa sekä 1026 m timanttikairausta spodumeenipegmatiitin ulottuvuuksien selvittämiseksi ja mahdollisten uusien pegmatiittijuonien paikallistamiseksi. Pegmatiittijuonen jatkeita pystyttiin timanttikairauksilla seuraamaan 200 m matkalta jossa paras lävistys oli 3,15m @ 0,97% LiO2.

Keywords spodumene, pegmatite, lithium, Kellokallio, LCT, Veteli,

Geographical area Central Osthrobothnia, Veteli

Map sheet P424

Report serial Archive code 43 / 2020

Total pages Language Price Confidentiality 12 En

Unit and section Project code Mineral Economy Solutions 50402-20048

Signature/name Signature/name

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Geological Survey of Finland The investigations of the Kellokallio spodumene pegmatite in Vetil, Western Finland

15.4.2020

Contents Documentation page 1 CONTENTS 2 Introduction 1 3 General Geology 2 4 Survey 3 4.1 Boulder mapping 3 4.2 Till sampling 3 4.3 Diamond drilling 5 4.4 Bedrock geology 6 4.5 Chemical analyses 7 5 Furhter investigations 8 6 References 9 7 Appendices 10

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2 INTRODUCTION As a part of the first battery mineral project in 2016 - 2018 the Geological Survey of Finland (GTK) decided to investigate the mineral potential of an area located in Veteli and municipalities that is a part of the Central Ostrobothnia region in Western Finland. The area is geologically greatly resemblant to the Kaustinen region which is well known for its numerous lithium deposits (Ahtola & al 2015, Kuusela & al 2011). Additionally the geochemical signature from the regional till sampling program showed promising indications of Li potential. Starting in 2017 after a short program of indicative LCT boulder mapping the GTK decided to apply for a reservation notification (fig. 1) to protect further investigations in the area. By assistance of a local lead an outcropping spodumene pegmatite was located in Kellokallio which is in the NE corner of the claim reservation area. This spodumene pegmatite was shortly mentioned in a gold exploration report from a more extensive gold prospecting project conducted by Outokumpu Oy in 1984 (Sandberg 1985).

Fig.1.The study area which is currently a moratorium for reservation notification. Kellokallio target is currently in application stage for exploration permit (Keliber Oy).

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3 GENERAL GEOLOGY The Veteli area is a border zone to the granite complex (CFGC) in the east and the Ostrobothnian schist belt in the west. Partly scarnificated N – S trending metavolcanic sequences are bordering the granite complex and the schist belt. Another typical feature similar to the Kaustinen region are the proximal large pegmatite granite batholiths mostly located west from the CFGC that are assumed to control the occurrence of Lithium – Cesium – Tantalum (LCT) pegmatites. All the mentioned rock types are of paleoproterozoic age. As interpreted from geophysical maps the Kellokallio area is in the center of a synformal fold structure. Structurally controlled areas in lithological contact zones including volcanic rocks are typical sites of emplacement for LCT pegmatites.

Fig 2.General geological map with lithium anomalies from regional till sampling program and low altitude aeromagnetic map with structural interpretation of the Kellokallio target area. Drillhole sites are also marked in the maps ( Digikp database ).

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4 SURVEY 4.1 Boulder mapping The marshy area is poorly outcropped but forest management related procedures as draining has brought forth numerous boulders of which most by appearance can be assumed to originate from the great pegmatite batholith in the north (fig. 2). After a small field reconnaissance few outcropping smaller pegmatite dykes were discovered including one with visible beryl crystals at X: 7026188 Y: 355214. The Kellokallio spodumene pegmatite was found as an 5m outcrop 1,5 km NE from the beryl pegmatite with the help from a local source.

a b

Fig. 3 a and b. An outcropping beryl pegmatite with elongated light-colored beryl crystals 1,5 km SW from the Kellokallio area.

4.2 Till sampling The regional till sampling program done in the 70’s by the GTK initially showed anomalous Li values close to Kellokallio area (Fig.2). After the first drilling program in 2017 (Fig. 5 & 6) a 79 point till sampling program was executed to determine the continuation of the Kellokallio spodumene pegmatite towards north and to locate other LCT pegmatite’s in the area. The four till sampling lines were planned in E – W direction with a 10 m sampling distance. The till samples were taken 1 dm above bedrock surface in purpose to reflect the geochemistry of the in situ bedrock as well as the near surrounding bedrock taking into account the glacial transport direction. Results in the northernmost till sampling line brought elevated Li values up to 200 ppm in sample P43 supported by the highest Be values of the whole sample range and an elevated value of 93 ppm in the nearby P42 sample. (Fig.4a). High As values 150 -275 ppm were also detected within 40 m (P30–P34) and later confirmed by diamond drilling as a 30 m penetration with considerable amounts ( 0,1 - 0,45% ) of As (Fig 4b). Assuming there could be a similar till – bedrock relation with the Li makes this site (P42 –P43) an interesting locus for further investigations.

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Fig. 4a & b. Till sampling lines with highlighted analysis results from Li and As from the sampling points P43, P30 – P34.

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4.3 Diamond drilling Two drilling programs were executed in the Kellokallio and Tauluniemi target areas during 2017 ( R2 – R6 )and 2018 ( R7 – R11 ) with a total of 10 drill holes and 1026 m. The first campaign was performed to investigate the extent of the outcropping spodumene pegmatite towards N and S, whereas the second campaign was set in the Tauluniemi area north of Kellokallio.

Fig. 5 Drillholes and till sampling points with interpreted strike direction of the spodumene pegmatite dyke. The highlighted area is the area of the first drill campaign in 2017.

Fig.6 Closer look at the first drill campaign including drillholes R2-R6 with trace of the spodumene pegmatite. Location where the dyke outcrops is also marked in the map.

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4.4 Bedrock geology The main wall rock lithology for the spodumene pegmatite is mica gneiss that tend to have horizons of staurolite porphyroblasts as is the case in the beginning of drillholes R2 – R6 and a major part of R7. The pegmatites reached in R3 and R5 lack spodumene but instead hexagonal beryl crystals can be observed in both drill holes. The northernmost drill holes R9 – R11 are composed of varying layers of volcanic rocks. An abundant feature in most rocks is the presence of quartz veins of which the thickest ones tend to be milky colored. According to drillhole R2 (Fig.6 & 8) the dyke dips steeply approximately 80 degrees to W and has a strike direction of 350 degrees.

a

b

Fig.7a Drillhole R4 with section 58.45 – 61.75. In the magnification 7b elongated light colored crystals are spodumene LiAl(SiO3)2.

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Fig. 8 Cross section of drill hole R2, which was drilled under the spodumene pegmatite outcrop.

4.5 Chemical analyses The drill core and till samples were analysed in Eurofins labtium with methods 306PM (ICP-MS) and 704P (Fire Assay Au, Pd, Pt). The spodumene pegmatite was reached at best in drillhole R4 with tot. 3,15m @ 0,97% LiO2, between 58.45 – 59.55 and 59.70-61.75 (Table 1 and fig. 7). The pegmatite was most likely reached in R5 at 86.50 without visible spodumene but clearly of LCT type with visible beryl crystals. Southwards another beryl bearing pegmatite was present in drill hole R3 at 36.90 without significant Li content. A typical feature in the contact wall rock is the highly elevated level of Li that can reach up to 700 ppm. Worth to mention are arsenopyrite rich sections in R5 15 – 40 m and R9 92 - 109m with 0.1 - 0.45% As. These sections did however only contain at best 10 µg Au.

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Table 1. Concentrations of Li and selected trace elements from Kellokallio pegmatite drill hole intersections Drillhole_section Rocktype Li_ppm Nb_ppm Ta_ppm Be_ppm P4242017R2 86.50-87.15 Spodumene pegmatite 1790 54.8 44.1 59.2 P4242017R2 87.30-87.70 Spodumene pegmatite 4310 80.8 145 102 P4242017R2 87.70-89.00 Spodumene pegmatite 1180 23.1 34.6 38.1 P4242017R3 36.90-37.80 Beryl pegmatite 69 63.5 40 113 P4242017R4 58.45-59.55 Spodumene pegmatite 3860 57.5 25.9 42.8 P4242017R4 59.70-60.90 Spodumene pegmatite 5380 40.6 30.8 48.7 P4242017R4 60.90-61.75 Spodumene pegmatite 4160 48.6 58.3 103 P4242017R5 86.50-87.60 Beryl pegmatite 490 70.9 61.1 247

5 FURTHER INVESTIGATIONS

A wind mill farm is planned to be built on the western side of road 13 near Kellokallio, which could restrict future investigations and operations in the area. Inside that area one beryl pegmatite outcrop was discovered. Beryl pegmatites were penetrated in the northern and southern ends of the Kellokallio spodumene pegmatite. Assuming that lithium has a similar till – bedrock responsiveness as As, of which extremely high values were verified by diamond drilling makes sampling points P42 and P43 a suggested site for further drilling or sampling. The area is known for some gold indications. The discovery of a 30 - 40 m wide horizon rich in arsenopyrite ( 0,1 – 0,45% As ) could be and an indication to explain earlier Au related discoveries.

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6 REFERENCES

Ahtola, Timo ; Kuusela, Janne ; Käpyaho, Asko ; Kontoniemi, Olavi 2015 Overview of lithium pegmatite exploration in the Kaustinen area in 2003-2012 Report of Investigation vol.220.http://tupa.gtk.fi/julkaisu/tutkimusraportti/tr_220.pdf

Kuusela, Janne ; Ahtola, Timo ; Koistinen, Esko ; Seppänen, Hannu ; Hatakka, Tarja ; Lohva, Jaana 2011. Report of investigations on the Rapasaaret lithium pegmatite deposit in Kaustinen-Kokkola, Western Finland. 42/2011.

Sandberg, Esa 1985 Vetelin Kellokallion tutkimukset 1984. Outokumpu Oy archive report. http://tupa.gtk.fi/raportti/arkisto/001_2332_02_eas_85.pdf

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7 APPENDICES

Appendix 1. Eurofins Labtium analyses.

Drill cores reportnr. 030522, 030524, 031528, 031529, 045790, 045793 Till samples reportnr. 031251, 031252, 032038, 032039

Appendix 2. Drillhole sections

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Appendix 3. Drill hole collar data

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Appendix 4. Till sample data

ID depth euref_easting euref_northing material ID depth euref_eastingeuref_northingmaterial M18P1040P 40 356081 7027475 MR M18P40004P 4 356266 7027818 MR M18P1040PU 40 356081 7027475 MR M18P41021P 21 356257 7027818 MR M18P2042P 42 356094 7027474 MR M18P42022P 22 356247 7027818 MR M18P3053P 53 356102 7027475 MR M18P42022PU 22 356247 7027818 MR M18P4051P 51 356112 7027475 MR M18P43028P 28 366236 7027817 MR M18P5046P 46 356123 7027473 MR M18P44018P 18 366225 7027817 MR M18P6031P 31 356133 7027475 MR M18P45027P 27 356216 7027817 MR M18P7037P 37 356143 7027474 MR M18P46026P 26 356205 7027816 MR M18P8034P 34 356152 7027475 MR M18P47028P 28 356194 7027817 MR M18P9053P 53 356162 7027475 MR M18P48018P 18 356185 7027815 MR M18P10042P 42 356173 7027475 MR M18P49026P 26 356174 7027814 MR M18P11038P 38 356183 7027474 MR M18P50036P 36 356024 7027692 MR M18P12021P 21 356546 7027816 MR M18P51050P 50 356033 7027692 MR M18P13016P 16 356536 7027817 MR M18P52035P 35 356043 7027691 MR M18P14008P 8 356525 7027815 MR M18P53028P 28 356052 7027691 MR M18P15016P 16 356516 7027814 MR M18P54040P 40 356063 7027692 MR M18P16014P 14 356507 7027815 MR M18P55035P 35 356071 7027692 MR M18P17016P 16 356497 7027816 MR M18P56021P 21 356089 7027697 MR M18P18022P 22 356487 7027816 MR M18P57043P 43 356098 7027700 MR M18P19017P 17 356476 7027816 MR M18P58042P 42 356109 7027697 MR M18P20016P 16 356467 7027816 MR M18P59037P 37 356118 7027696 MR M18P20016PU 16 356467 7027816 MR M18P60035P 35 356128 7027695 MR M18P21016P 16 356457 7027816 MR M18P61040P 40 356139 7027696 MR M18P22028P 28 356447 7027816 MR M18P62033P 33 356148 7027696 MR M18P23025P 25 356437 7027816 MR M18P63035P 35 356159 7027695 MR M18P24026P 26 356428 7027817 MR M18P63035PU 35 356159 7027695 MR M18P25018P 18 356417 7027817 MR M18P64033P 33 356169 7027696 MR M18P26020P 20 356406 7027817 MR M18P65034P 33,5 356179 7027695 MR M18P27016P 16 356396 7027818 MR M18P66028P 28 356187 7027698 MR M18P28011P 11 356386 7027816 MR M18P67028P 27,5 356197 7027698 MR M18P29011P 11 356376 7027817 MR M18P68030P 30 356208 7027679 MR M18P30008P 8 356365 7027815 MR M18P69030P 30 356033 7027595 MR M18P31008P 8 356355 7027814 MR M18P70024P 24 356043 7027596 MR M18P32013P 13 356345 7027815 MR M18P71026P 26 356054 7027595 MR M18P33013P 13 356336 7027815 MR M18P72036P 36 356063 7027594 MR M18P34022P 22 356326 7027816 MR M18P73042P 42 356075 7027595 MR M18P35020P 20 356316 7027816 MR M18P74040P 40 356086 7027596 MR M18P36013P 13 356305 7027815 MR M18P75037P 37 356096 7027595 MR M18P37010P 10 356298 7027815 MR M18P76030P 30 356106 7027596 MR M18P38013P 13 356289 7027816 MR M18P77033P 33 356115 7027595 MR M18P38013PU 13 356289 7027816 MR M18P78026P 26 356124 7027596 MR M18P39014P 14 356276 7027816 MR M18P79027P 27 356136 7027595 MR

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