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Ecological Risk Assessment (Era) U.S. Environmental Protection Agency New England Region Boston, Massachusetts Ecological Characterization Of The Housatonic River Downstream of Woods Pond September 2002 Environmental Remediation Contract General Electric (GE)/Housatonic River Project Pittsfield, Massachusetts Contract No. DACW33-94-D-0009/032 www.woodlotalt.com Ecological Characterization Of The Housatonic River Downstream of Woods Pond September 2002 Prepared by Woodlot Alternatives, Inc. Topsham, Maine 04086 Prepared under EPA Contract No. DACW33-94-D-0009/032 with Weston Solutions, Inc. Prepared for U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Region 1 Boston, Massachusetts TABLE OF CONTENTS Section Page SECTION I INTRODUCTION........................................................................................ I-0 1.0 Introduction........................................................................................................ I-1 1.1 Purpose of Report......................................................................................... I-1 2.0 Report Organization........................................................................................... I-2 3.0 Relationship to Previous and Ongoing Studies.................................................. I-2 4.0 Literature Cited .................................................................................................. I-4 SECTION II STUDY AREA DESCRIPTION................................................................. II-0 1.0 Introduction....................................................................................................... II-1 2.0 Land Use Patterns and Population Trends........................................................ II-1 2.1 Historical Land Use Patterns and Population Trends.................................. II-1 2.2 Current Land Use Patterns and Population Trends ..................................... II-2 3.0 Biophysical Setting........................................................................................... II-2 3.1 Climate ........................................................................................................ II-3 3.2 Geology ....................................................................................................... II-4 3.2.1 Regional Geological Setting................................................................ II-4 3.2.2 Bedrock Geology................................................................................. II-5 3.2.3 Glacial Geology................................................................................... II-7 3.2.4 Soils..................................................................................................... II-7 3.3 Hydrology.................................................................................................... II-8 3.3.1 Ground Water...................................................................................... II-8 4.0 Literature Cited ............................................................................................... II-10 SECTION III ECOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION.................................................III-0 Chapter 1 Natural Communities ...................................................................................1-1 1.0 Introduction........................................................................................................1-1 2.0 Methods .............................................................................................................1-3 2.1 Background ..................................................................................................1-3 2.2 Literature review ..........................................................................................1-3 2.3 Aerial Photograph Interpretation..................................................................1-4 3.0 Natural Community Descriptions ......................................................................1-4 3.1 Lacustrine Communities ..............................................................................1-4 3.2 Riverine Communities..................................................................................1-5 3.3 Palustrine Communities ...............................................................................1-8 3.4 Terrestrial Communities.............................................................................1-18 4.0 Developed Communities..................................................................................1-26 4.1 Agricultural Lands......................................................................................1-26 4.2 Residential, Commercial, and Public Development...................................1-27 4.3 Transportation ............................................................................................1-27 4.4 Recreational Facilities................................................................................1-28 5.0 Literature Cited ................................................................................................1-29 i TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued) Section Page Chapter 2 Macroinvertebrates.......................................................................................2-1 1.0 Introduction........................................................................................................2-1 2.0 Methods .............................................................................................................2-1 2.1 Species:Habitat Association.........................................................................2-1 2.2 Literature Review.........................................................................................2-1 3.0 Aquatic Macroinvertebrates...............................................................................2-2 3.1 Mussels.........................................................................................................2-2 3.2 Dragonflies and Damselflies ........................................................................2-7 3.3 Benthic Macroinvertebrates .......................................................................2-10 4.0 Rare, Threatened, and Endangered Macroinvertebrates..................................2-17 5.0 Literature Cited ................................................................................................2-25 Chapter 3 Fish...............................................................................................................3-1 1.0 Introduction........................................................................................................3-1 2.0 Methods .............................................................................................................3-1 2.1 Species:Habitat Association.........................................................................3-1 2.2 Existing Fisheries Data.................................................................................3-2 3.0 Fish Community Description.............................................................................3-5 4.0 Rare, Threatened, and Endangered Fish ............................................................3-6 5.0 Literature Cited ..................................................................................................3-8 Chapter 4 Reptiles and Amphibians .............................................................................4-1 1.0 Introduction........................................................................................................4-1 2.0 Methods .............................................................................................................4-1 2.1 Species:Habitat Association.........................................................................4-1 3.0 Reptile and Amphibian Community Descriptions.............................................4-2 3.1 Reptiles.........................................................................................................4-2 3.1.1 Lizards..................................................................................................4-2 3.1.2 Snakes...................................................................................................4-3 3.1.3 Turtles...................................................................................................4-5 3.2 Amphibians ..................................................................................................4-6 3.2.1 Toads and Frogs ...................................................................................4-7 3.2.2 Salamanders .........................................................................................4-9 4.0 Rare, Threatened, and Endangered Reptiles and Amphibians.........................4-14 4.1 Reptiles.......................................................................................................4-14 4.2 Amphibians ................................................................................................4-17 5.0 Literature Cited ................................................................................................4-21 Chapter 5 Birds .............................................................................................................5-1 1.0 Introduction........................................................................................................5-1 2.0 Methods .............................................................................................................5-1 ii TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued) Section Page 3.0 Bird Community Description.............................................................................5-1
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