Keith Heritage MC but to All Row- Ers, Families and Friends Around the World Who Died Or Suffered from the Great War
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ANZAC Heritage, a rowing champion This story not only remembers and pays tribute to Captain Keith Heritage MC but to all row- ers, families and friends around the world who died or suffered from the Great War. The Heritage family story reads like many others of the time. Keith’s grandfather, James Her- itage, stole a book in Somerset and later, after days without food, took a silver plate worth £5 [over $600 today]. For these crimes he was transported as a convict to Van Diemen’s Land [as Tasmania was called then]. He served his time, trained as a draper’s assistant, married and had three children. One of James Heritage’s sons, George, became a teacher in 1871 and went on to be Tas- mania’s Inspector of Schools and helped revamp the island’s education system. George and Eleanora Heritage had five boys who ended up fighting for the Empire in World War I. Three were decorated for heroism under fire and four came home. One of the sons, who is the sub- ject of this story, was Keith Heritage. 100 Days of Heroes: Brave Keith Heritage was the first to join up for World War I. DAMIAN BESTER, Mercury. 21 September, 2018 8:36pm Keith was born on September 16th, 1882. He was one of eight children. At the age of 9, Her- itage was at the Sacred Heart School, winning a prize for second in Arithmetic. At the age of 14, Heritage had won a music prize at the local Launceston Mechanics Institute, with his fa- ther giving out prizes. Rowing Keith Heritage was an accomplished rower who competed with winning crews in competi- tions across Australia and in the Henley Royal Regatta in England. Heritage’s rowing experience was gained with the Tamar Rowing Club in Launceston. He was in a crew that was defeated by a second club crew for scratch Fours on 6th December, 1902. Later in early January of 1903 his crew won the Maiden Fours at the Mersey Regatta. Later in the year, Heritage was hotly contesting a number of Junior Pairs and Single Scull races. At the Tasmanian Rowing Association Championships in April 1904, Tamar RC won the Championship Fours with Heritage in 3 seat. Heritage went on to win many races and he often represented the North in races against the South, almost invariably occupying the 7 seat in an Eight crew. The rivalry between the two regions of the smallest state of Australia was remarkable. By 1905, Keith Heritage represented Tasmania in the 29th Men's Interstate Eight-Oared Cham- pionship [forerunner of the King’s Cup] in the 7 seat, with the crew coming second to Victo- ria. AQUATIC NOTES (1905, May 10). Daily Telegraph (Launceston, Tas. : 1883 - 1928), p. 6 In 1906, Heritage was a member of the winning Tasmanian Eight in 1906, again in 7 seat. Heritage was not in a crew for the next two years but in 1909 at the Interstate Eight-Oared Championships was back in his old spot, with another win for Tasmania. Tasmanian 1909 crew ! Sadly, at the 1910 Nationals on the Upper Derwent, Tasmania came third, with NSW winning and Victoria second. The consolation at this regatta was that the Tasmanian Cecil McVilly became the Australian Sculling Champion. By the 1911 Nationals, Heritage had moved to Sydney and was rowing from the Sydney Row- ing Club in Abbotsford. This meant he could row for New South Wales on the Parramatta Riv- er at the Interstate Eight-Oar championship and, again, in a winning crew in 7 seat. In 1912, Heritage was a member of the Australian men's Eight which, racing as Sydney Row- ing Club, won the Grand Challenge Cup on the River Thames at the Henley Royal Regatta, defeating Leander. Heritage was in fine company, with some of the crew later competing at the 1919 Royal Henley Peace Regatta: Bow: John Ryrie (NSW) 2: Simon Fraser (VIC) 3: Keith Heritage (NSW) 4: Thomas Parker (NSW) 5: Henry Hauenstein (NSW) 6: Sidney Middleton (NSW) 7: Harry Ross-Soden (VIC) Stroke: Roger Fitzhardinge (NSW) Cox: Robert Waley (NSW) Coach: Bill Middle- ton (NSW) Heritage was named as a reserve for the Stockholm Olympics in 1912. However, dropping the enthusiastic Tasmanian from the crew in favour of Hugh K Ward was widely considered a mis- take and the Australian Men’s Eight were beaten in the finals by the British Leander crew, the same crew which the Australian’s had beaten a few weeks before. Heritage (backrow 3rd from left) with the 1912 Aust Olympic squad There is a funny story of Heritage meeting the King Gustaf V of Sweden: SPORTS AND SPORTSMEN (March 28, 1927). The Daily Telegraph (Sydney), p. 2. In October 1913, Heritage was still racing in a Four, but not with much success in the Sydney RC crew: In March 1914 there were the beginnings of plans for the 1916 Olympics to be held in Ger- many. Heritage was listed as a possible rower: AUSTRALIA'S OARSMEN. (18 March, 1914). The Daily Telegraph (Sydney), p. 16 Rowing events were being planned for late 1914 but the dark clouds of war were to diminish the interest in racing and rob the rowing fraternity of its best. Australia did not formally declare war with Germany following Britain’s declaration of war on August 4th, 1914. At the time, the Australian Constitution did not expressly provide for who could declare war. In fact, Chief Justice Isaacs said: “The creation of a state of war and the establishment of peace necessarily reside in the Sovereign himself as the head of the Empire…” So the die was cast for Australians to participate in a war half-way around the world when King George V accepted the advice of Prime Minister Asquith. United Kingdom’s Formal Declaration of War, August 4, 1914 against Germany https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/28861/supplement/6161 Both Australian Prime Minister Joseph Cook and Opposition Leader Andrew Fisher, who were in the midst of an election campaign, pledged full support for Britain. Days before the decla- ration, Fisher (ALP) famously declared: “should the worst happen, after everything has been done that honour will permit, Australians will stand beside the mother country to help and defend her to our last man and our last shilling.” Unlike the other countries engaged in World War I, conscription was not introduced in Aus- tralia. All the Australians who fought in World War I were volunteers. Defence records show that the first to volunteer was a champion rower from Tasmania who was to be decorated for “cool courage” under fire and later killed performing an act of kindness to his men. That volunteer was the rower Keith Heritage who was close to his 32nd birthday. Military Service Keith Heritage had done some part-time military service with a local unit in Tasmania, includ- ing 5 years with the Tasmanian Infantry Regiment as a Sergeant in the machine gun section and 6 years with the Launceston Rifle Regiment. In the years before World War I he lived in Sydney, where he worked as a traffic manager of the Union Steam Ship Company. Keith Heritage is reported to be the first volunteer to step forward at the Sydney Showground on August 11th, 1914 to fight against Germany in what was to become the Great War. He was commissioned into the Australian Naval and Military Expeditionary Force (ANMEF) rather than the with the well-known Australian Imperial Force (AIF)] with the rank of Lieutenant. As with other sporting bodies, the rowIng men provided their quota of warriors, with Heritage obviously having discussed enlisting with his Sydney Rowing Club colleagues since RLR Ra- bett, VHB Sampson, and S Wellisch also joined by the following weeks. Heritage sailed on the HMAT Berrima on 17th August 1914 to Rabaul, German New Guinea. This was the first significant Australian action of the World War 1. The ANMEF’s landed on Rabaul, on 11th September 1914 at the Battle of Bita Paka. This effort secured the German communications facility in the region. He became supply and transport officer to the British Administration in Rabaul. He was joined by his brother, Brigade Major F B Heritage. ! Keith Heritage[arrowed, back row] in September 1914 in a group portrait in the Officer's Mess in Rabaul. After that campaign, in which Australian forces suffered their first casualties of the war, Her- itage returned to Australia. He joined the newly formed Australian Imperial Force and was posted to the 19th Battalion, 2nd Reinforcement. Lieutenant Heritage was at the Sydney Barracks when he disembarked Sydney on June 19th, 1915 on the HMAT Kanowna A61 and went with the battalion to Gallipoli in August and served there for several months until the ANZAC force was evacuated. He was commended for his work helping plan the troops’ departure under cover of darkness. Heritage is said to have been one of the last of the ANZAC forces evacuated from Gallipoli on December 19th 1915; Joe Maude, the Sandhurst nickname of Lieutenant General Sir Fred- erick Stanley Maude, was the last Allied soldier to step off the Gallipoli Peninsula in the early morning of January 9th 1916. Then Heritage was sent to Egypt to help defend the Suez Canal and on to the Western Front in the first Australian contingent to land in France after being promoted to Captain. At mid- night on the night of 25/26th of June, a party that consisted of 40 officers and men was led by Captain Keith Heritage and they carried out a raid that had been planned by the Aus- tralian Major General William Holmes on the forward trenches of the 231st Prussian reserve infantry regiment.