Sallachy North
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Sallachy North Loch Shin-side, Parish of Lairg, Sutherland Sheepfold and shieling site on the SW side of Loch Shin A Report on an Archaeological Walk-Over Survey Prepared for Scottish Woodlands Ltd Nick Lindsay B.Sc, Ph.D Tel: 01408 621338 (evenings) Sunnybrae Tel: 01408 635314 (daytime) West Clyne e-mail: [email protected] Brora Sutherland April 2009 KW9 6NH Sallachy North, Sutherland Contents 1.0 Executive Summary...................................................................................................................2 2.0 Introduction ...............................................................................................................................3 2.1 Background............................................................................................................................3 2.2 Objectives..............................................................................................................................3 2.3 Methodology..........................................................................................................................3 2.4 Limitations.............................................................................................................................3 2.5 Setting....................................................................................................................................3 3.0 Results .......................................................................................................................................5 3.1 Desk-Based Assessment........................................................................................................5 3.2 Field Survey.........................................................................................................................11 4.0 Conclusions .............................................................................................................................17 5.0 Recommendations ...................................................................................................................18 References .....................................................................................................................................19 Appendices ....................................................................................................................................20 1 Sallachy North, Sutherland 1.0 Executive Summary An archaeological desk-based study and subsequent walk-over survey of part of Sallachy Estate, near Lairg in Central Sutherland, was undertaken in April 2009. The survey was required by Scottish Woodlands Ltd in support of a recently submitted SRDP application entitled ‘Sallachy Mixed Wood’, under Case No 3879974. The survey area comprises approximately 400 hectares of gently sloping, open hillside, which is situated on the SW side of Loch Shin, on the NE side of which runs the A838, the main route from Lairg to the north west of Sutherland. The survey resulted in the recording of 25 archaeological features, the majority of which are just outwith the proposed planting area. None of these features had previously been recorded on the Highland Council Archaeology Unit’s Historic Environment Record (HER). 2 Sallachy North, Sutherland 2.0 Introduction 2.1 Background On behalf of the Sallachy Estate, Scottish Woodlands Ltd propose to plant trees on the extensive slopes rising up from the SW shore of Loch Shin. Prior to this, they commissioned a desk-based assessment and subsequent walk-over survey to record and survey any archaeological remains present in the area and assess the impact on it which the proposal may have. 2.2 Objectives The objectives of this survey were to: • Identify the cultural heritage baseline within the proposal area. • Consider the potential impacts of construction of the proposed development on the cultural heritage resource. • Propose measures (where appropriate) to mitigate any predicted adverse impacts. 2.3 Methodology A desk-based study was made of the Highland Council’s HER and aerial photographs and the Highland Council Archive, in conjunction with many specific and relevant references held locally in Sutherland, in order to identify any known and/or visible archaeology. The subsequent walkover survey used the most recent Ordnance Survey maps and a hand-held Garmin GPS unit was used for GPS co-ordinates, and a pocket compass clinometer was used for 3600 whole circle bearings and slope gradients. 2.4 Limitations Few limitations to identifying surface archaeological features are present within the site. The whole site is open and vegetated only by low heather and grass. It has to be borne in mind, however, that archaeology may still lie concealed beneath the surface. GPS co-ordinates are found to differ from Ordnance Survey National Grid co-ordinates generally by around 10m (can be up to 18m) to the SSW. This may pose local problems when relating recorded features to large-scale OS maps. GPS accuracy is wholly determined by the ability to access available satellites by line of sight. This ability can be reduced by proximity to hillsides and valley-sides and also by tree cover. 2.5 Setting The area identified for this proposal covers approximately 400 hectares of gently NE-sloping open hillside, dissected by several minor drainage channels flowing generally towards the north- east into Loch Shin. The majority of the site is covered with heather and grass, resting on peat. There are occasional small outcrops of bedrock, mainly comprising Moine schists and gneisses, which are exposed in the area, as well as some locally originating glacial erratics. 3 Sallachy North, Sutherland The area is not now habited, but is set around 2.5km to the SE of the working Cassley Power Station. The site is bounded to the NW by an area of Sallachy Estate already allocated for forestry, currently being planted, the upper slopes of Cnoc a’Bhasid Bhain to the SW, the shore of Loch Shin to the NE and Allt na Crionaiche Bige to the south and east (see Appendix I). Map evidence indicates that there has never been any habitation within the survey area; there is only a single sheepfold on the site, suggesting that this barren landscape has been used as part of a sheep farm since the Sutherland Clearances of the early 19th Century. 4 Sallachy North, Sutherland 3.0 Results 3.1 Desk-Based Assessment 3.1.1 Historic Environment Record Initial consultation of the Highland Council Archaeology Unit’s Historic Environment Record (HER) showed that there are no recorded sites within the survey area. Similarly, there are no recorded sites within the survey area on the Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland’s (RCAHMS) National Monument Record of Scotland (NMRS). The nearest previously recorded sites to the survey area are approximately 300m to the NW, and these were discovered in 2005, during a walkover survey related to the adjacent new planting area. These comprised a circular sheepfold (marked on the Ordnance Survey 1st Edition map of 1879) and a ‘Possible shieling structure’. An Iron Age crannog is recorded in Loch Shin itself, around ¾km to the east of the survey area (MHG 11896). 3.1.2 Maps There is only a single sheepfold depicted on the current Ordnance Survey map within the survey area, and this is not noted either on the HER or the NMRS. This sheepfold also appears on the Ordnance Survey 1st Edition map of 1879. There are no other archaeological features shown in the entire survey area. Investigation into maps of earlier origins shows that no settlement has ever been recorded within the survey area itself, although minor settlements to the NW and SE are recorded on historic maps on the SW shore of Loch Shin. The whole of the area between Loch Shin and Glen Cassley, to the SW, forms part of the ‘Dirry Meanach Forrest’, as depicted on Blaeu’s 1654 map and ‘Dirry Forest’ on Moll’s map of 1732. William Roy’s Military Survey of Scotland, of 1747-55, shows much greater detail. It depicts an un-named cluster of 5 buildings, at what is now known as Creanich, around 2km to the NW of the survey area, and 4 buildings and cultivated ground on the northern bank of Allt Car and a similar sized settlement, named Aldtoury, around 3km and 4km respectively to the SE. The SW shore of Loch Shin is the boundary between the Shinness Sheep Farm and land owned by Sir Charles Ross on an 1813 Sutherland Estate map, showing the newly created sheep farms on the estate. Thomson’s 1832 map shows nothing to the NW of the survey area, however ‘Shealings of Gruides’ are marked to the SE (it is unclear whether they lie within the survey area), yet Burnett’s 1844 map shows nothing to the SE and ‘Crianach-vore’ (today’s Creanich) to the NW. The 1st Edition Ordnance Survey map of 1879 depicts Crianachmore (Creanich on the 2nd Edition of 1906) as two roofed buildings above a grassy area leading down to the shore of Loch Shin, to the NW. A single, roofed building at Arscaig and an adjacent limekiln (noted as an ‘old limekiln’ on the 2nd Edition), some 7.5km away from the survey area is the closest settlement to the SE. There are also circular sheepfolds depicted just outwith the survey area; one to the NW and one to the SE on the S bank of Allt na Crionaiche Bige. 5 Sallachy North, Sutherland 3.1.3 Documentary Evidence Given that there is no recorded archaeology within the survey area itself, there is little historical evidence relating directly to the site. The main focus of human activity in the wider area lies to the SE, on both sides of