)

R ★ MARCH UP THE PENINSULA★ R c ★ Fort Monroe – Largest moat encircled masonry fortifi- a 360 95 te R m titu 1 ns cation in America and an important Union base for o I y A HANOVER or t st Hi campaigns throughout the Civil War. o P ry ita P 301 il ★ M P Fort Wool– The companion fortification to Fort Mon- y m & r A A roe. The fort was used in operations against Confeder- 2 . Enon Church .S g U H f ate-held Norfolk in 1861-1862. r o 606 k y A u s e e ★ e t Hampton – Confederates burned this port town b Yellow Tavern r r u N C o s to block its use by the Federals on August 7, 1861. (J.E.B. Stuart y C k Totopotomo N c 295 Monument) 643 P O • St. John’s Church – This church is the only surviving i r A C

building from the 1861 burning of Hampton. e M K d Polegreen Church 627

• Big Bethel – This June 10, 1861, engagement was e 606 R

r 627 U I

the first land battle of the Civil War. F 628 606 N 30 VE , K R

★ Monitor-Merrimack Overlook – Scene of the d Bethesda E

n Y March 9, 1862, Battle of the Ironclads. o Church RI

★ m Meadow 615 632 VE

Congress and Cumberland Overlook – Scene of the h R c Bridge

March 8, 1862, sinking of the USS Cumberland and USS i Cold Harbor

R 156 Congress by the ironclad CSS Virginia (Merrimack). ( Old Cold Harbor er RR Chickahominy iv ) ★ St. Luke’s Church – Built in 1632, the church was a Beaver Crossroads R Bluffs k White Confederate campground. Dam Cold Harbor or 1 Creek Y House ★ Fort Boykin – This star fort was the southside anchor 301 Gaines’ 156 Hanover Park & 195 360 ond Tunstall 606 Peninsula Campaign Driving Route of the Warwick-Yorktown Line. Mill m Dabbs Dispatch ch Station ★ Causey’s Mill – 1866 grist mill is located near the site i House 33 156 Station (R Eltham’s Seven Days Battles Driving Route of the April 4, 1862 skirmish. 613 New Kent 161 609 Court House Landing ★ Young’s Mill – The earthworks located near this MEADOW R Savage’s 249 Confederate Water Battery, Alternate Peninsula Campaign Driving Route Chimborazo D. 1820 tide mill were part of Magruder’s defenses. Tredegar Iron Works Station 33 Gloucester Point. ★ Richmond National Talleysville 1862 Peninsula Campaign Site Warwick Court House – Built in 1810, it served as Battlefield Park 60 156 Crossroads IV Corps Commander Brig. Gen. Erasmus D. Keyes’ Richmond Other Civil War Trails Site

headquarters. The gas balloon, Constitution, was 60 J International Seven deployed at this site. Airport 106 A D Pines 64 33 National, State or County Park RICHMOND AR ★ BY Battle of Lee’s Mill – These fortifications were the M T O W scene of the April 5, 1862, engagement which prompted N Long Information or Welcome Center 161 E R D. Bridge 155

Maj. Gen. George B. McClellan to besiege Magruder’s S 5 30 CHARLES CITY R Warwick-Yorktown Line. 1 D. ★ Skiffes Creek – This redoubt is part of the Skiffes 301 R Darbytown White Oak I NEW KENT 895 Museum War Virginia of Courtesy

Creek Line, built to defend Magruder’s Mulberry V Road Glendale Swamp C

Island-James River flank. E 156 H “Encampment of U.S. Troops at Newport News, Virginia” 150 ( R I ★ Lee Hall – This antebellum mansion was used as R HENRICO CK i AH a headquarters building by Confederate generals c OM

10 h Malvern Hill IN Gloucester John Bankhead Magruder and Joseph E. Johnston. m Samaria Church Y 60

★ o 106 RIVE n R

Battle of Dam No. 1–This April 16, 1862, engagement was 609 d Drewry’s Bluff

McClellan’s only effort to break Magruder’s defenses. 606 155 30 M &

★ Endview – This 1760 house served as a Confederate O P 614 295 R and Union hospital. e E W B t GLOUCESTER ★ e V Lebanon Church – This 1859 church served as a Con- A J r CHARLES CITY R I E s

federate courier station and temporary headquarters J A b R 5 Y R u A 156 I for U.S. Gen. W.F. Smith. O V r 615 E CK g M S Piney R ★ Gloucester Point – Companion batteries to those at E 64 R 10 RR) Charles City Grove JAMES Yorktown, these defenses helped block the York River K Bermuda Shirley Court House to McClellan’s use during the Peninsula Campaign. R Hundred Plantation 5 I B ★ Landing CITY V 17 Yorktown – A major link in Magruder’s 2nd Peninsula Wilcox’s Landing A H 618 623 E Defensive Line and the focus of Maj. Gen. George B. errin YORK R g Sherwood 60 Y McClellan’s siege April 5-May 3, 1862. CHESTERFIELD C IVER Harrison’s r Forest SE RN R City Point e VE ★ Landing e Yorktown Waterfront – Once the Confederates aban- R k North Bend Redoubt 12 doned Yorktown it became a busy Union port. E ’s Cree V Queen k ★ 36 10 156 Redoubt 12 – Part of Magruder’s Williamsburg Line. I 156 WILLIAMSBURG Quarterpath 1 156 ★ R Road Creek Fort Magruder – The center of the Williamsburg (3rd) 301 King’s ) Defensive Line and the scene of fierce fighting during X R HOPEWELL Wren Building 641 the Battle of Williamsburg. O R Fort Magruder 5 CO T t LO Gloucester oin 199 NI ★ Williamsburg Line – These redoubts supported the 95 P 132 A T L Point y 5 P t A defense of Fort Magruder as well as repelling Union A Williamsburg R i K 36 156 W attacks against the Confederate right during the C A M ( 295 C Line Y May 5, 1862, Battle of Williamsburg. O 31 o Lebanon P l P l A e ★ Petersburg Church 238 Yorktown Waterfront

Quarterpath Road – J.E.B. Stuart used this historic g National e COLON road trace while acting as a rear guard for the IAL PAR Endview Battlefield KW C 460 AY Yorktown retreating Confederate army. r eek 60 ey Creek ml Copyright Virginia Historical Society, 1997 Society, Historical Virginia Copyright r ★ eracy Wo Wren Building – Confederate troops under Brig. Gen. 85 Cou onfed rtes e C Jamestown y o f th 143 Jubal Early encamped here prior to the May 5, 1862, f T o Lee Hall he um Island M e Battle of Museum Casemate of Courtesy Battle of Williamsburg. 301 u us se M u e Dam No. 1 m h T S Skiffes “Bird’s Eye View of Fortress Monroe” o f ME R • Jamestown Island – Fortified by Confederates in 1861 f o A I 105 R t h y J V Creek E e s V e E I to defend the James River approach to Richmond. PETERSBURG C t o r R R n u Ship’s f o N e C ★ New Kent Court House – Confederate and Union d O e Point OS r 17 a U ( c Battle of Q y troops passed through here en route to Richmond. W O CHESAPEAKE BAY Lee’s Mill P ★ Drewry’s Bluff – Confederate batteries above the e 173

l James River repulse Union gun boats, including the d Warwick o Cape Court House Monitor, on May 15, 1862. n NEWPORT Charles ★ Seven Pines – Scene of Joe Johnston’s attack against R NEWS W R A ) McClellan’s army on May 31, 1862. R 95 W Dabbs House – Lee’s first headquarters (June 1862) as Young’s • I R C VE commander of the Army of Northern Virginia. K Mill RI 156 CK The Wren Building following the battle of Williamsburg, May 5, 1862. R A 13 I 143 V k B ★ ★ Watercolor by Lt. Robert K. Sneden, U.S. Topographical Engineers. e SEVEN DAYS BATTLES E e R r 60 ★ Chickahominy Bluffs – Served as jumping off point C Museum Mariners’ The of Courtesy 460 10 p HAMPTON 35 George Edward Pickett Jubal A. Early e Causey’s Mill for Confederate advance into Mechanicsville. e Major General, CSA Brigadier General, CSA D k ★ Beaver Dam Creek – On June 26, 1862, the Confeder- e Big Bethel e ate army unsuccessfully attacked the Union forces BURWELLS The Mariners’ r C 17 at Ellerson’s Mill on Beaver Dam Creek. Gloucester BAY Museum 64

s

Point r

★ e Gaines’ Mill – The largest of the Seven Days Battles, CO 258 LO t N a the Confederate forces struck Union troops under IA L NEWPORT 673 W PA 351 R YORK RIVER 64 the command of Brig. Gen. Fitz-John Porter. K Hampton W NEWS 258 A Fort Boykin ★ Savage’s Station – This June 29, 1862, engagement Colonial National Y 169 Virginia War

Historical Park Yorktown . Museum was part of the Seven Days Battles. D Waterfront R A 60 “Battle between the Ironclads” K P G IVE Newport News Fort Monroe C A ★ I Bus R R White Oak Swamp – “Stonewall” Jackson met strong D. N V W BL 10 POW Camp Y N 167 Fort Wool Union resistance here and failed to support Confeder- R E CU St. John’s F 238 60 ER ate attacks at Glendale. Lebanon M 351 60 Church k Monitor-Merrimack Rip Raps Church 238 17 e Battle of ★ Glendale – At this crossroads on June 30, 1862, e Overlook HAMPTON Hampton r Smithfield (Castle Calhoun) Yorktown 238 664 C Congress & Lee’s greatest attempt to destroy McClellan’s army History 143 l l Cumberland ended in failure. Museum i Virginia War M Overlook Endview 634 . ★ VE Malvern Hill – This July 1, 1862, engagement was the Museum A . St. Luke’s E D K LV 10 last of the Seven Days Battles. RO B Church B IA 664 637 M OR E R 60 P CT Fort Monroe ★ Harrison’s Landing (Berkeley Plantation) – The 17 VI HAMPTON E

M Peninsula Campaign came to an end when McClellan’s 60 ROADS V A Fort Wool 564 704 J Cape D I 337 Lee Hall E 167 I army arrived at this position on the James River. F S F

O R Henry W E R N A S . NORFOLK R A

O V E W N Newport News V H E A AFA

★ ★ I A . E L Y C RELATED TIDEWATER SITES K T K V POW Camp A ISLE OF E E

B E . E 64 L P T V A D S T

• Newport News POW Camp – Monument honors Con- E B . H 10 Craney C HAMPTON ROADS E 32 federate prisoners who died in the nearby Union POW . ( A Battle of ST O N R Island R 13 H A Z 8T K o WIGHT E Camp at Camp Butler, April-July 1865. Skiffes 2 I I Dam No. 1 A r V 60 V fo V Creek E I L ★ . Monitor-Merrimack lk Rip Raps E Gosport Navy Yard – The oldest U.S. Naval shipyard, R E 460 Overlook & (Castle Calhoun) R it was here that the ironclad CSS Virginia (Merrimack) T. D 164 105 H S P was created. Congress & 16T e N Portsmouth Naval te Elmwood Cemetery VIRGINIA BEACH Cumberland r O 17 h Hospital NEWPORT s c Portsmouth Naval Hospital – Used by Confederate b M 17 • Overlook u n 58 and Union armies, 1861-1865. NEWS r E a 143 g S r Fort Norfolk 64 R N B Olde Towne Portsmouth’s Olde Towne Historic District – Revolu- R A rn 264 58 • JAMES ) N e tionary and Civil War homes can be found in this Battle of ) t 10 R s Gosport Navy Yard 44 RIVER Lee’s Mill 32 R one-square-mile historic district. 60 JAMES RIVER e PORTSMOUTH 141 173 ke 337 664 o 337 W • Battle of Smithfield – Confederates repulse the Union an

k o advance on January 31 and February 1, 1864, destroying R 58 the Union gunboat, USS Smith-Briggs. c & 17 460 u rd 664 t oa

• Fort Norfolk – Occupied by both Confederate and YORK a b Q k a

Union forces during the Civil War. ueen k RIVER e ’s Cree c S 60 Gilded eagle from the pilot- ( • Riddick’s Folly – This 1837 Greek Revival home was 64 u 64 464 house of the USS Smith-Briggs, 460 h 337 occupied by Maj. Gen. J.J. Peck as his headquarters Folly Riddick’s of Courtesy C 166 during the 1863 Suffolk Siege. Redoubt 12 captured on February 1, 1864, WILLIAMSBURG during the Battle of Smithfield. 149 Siege of Suffolk – Lt. Gen. James Longstreet besieged 143 . • W R Courtesy of Isle of Wight Museum QUEENS HEAD D R) Maj. Gen. J.J. Peck’s 25,000 strong Union force in KES Bus R Village of R . LAKE LA rg 165 I T u C S 60 58 rsb Deep Creek H EXIT Suffolk from April 11- May 4, 1863. Y C te M R OLO Mahone 58 Pe CH O N NIA & E E L PAR k SA N KW Riddick’s Folly ol P D H . AY rf E

T o AK • Dismal Swamp Canal – The oldest operating artificial . Tavern (N E R S S & N A D EC LBE L E O MA . ND RLE CANAL waterway in America, it provided access between G

ST D 258 A .

R 641 Siege of Suffolk P the Chesapeake Bay and the North Carolina Sounds. A 165

B B COURTLAND Wren Building U 58 Village of CIS ST. H . Dismal Village of Deep Creek – An important commercial RAN D • F R 104 N Bus SUFFOLK Swamp Great Bridge 641 A center on the Great Dismal Swamp Canal. YORK ST. 58 IM 13 BOUNDARY ST. N Bus Canal Quarterpath Fort EN • Village of Great Bridge – A strategic crossing of the P 58 Albemarle and Chesapeake Canal. 5 132 Road Magruder 5 31 604 604 • Pleasant Grove Baptist Church Cemetery – FRANKLIN Great Dismal Swamp A monument to the “Jackson Grays,” honors the Williamsburg Riddick’s Folly, an 1837 Greek Line Blackwater regiment that was formed on the churchyard by Line 168 Revival building, was used as a 31 CHESAPEAKE Colonel William H. Stewart. 199 17 Union hospital and headquarters • Glencoe – Home of Lt. William Wallace, of the of Maj. Gen. J.J. Peck during the “Jackson Grays.” 58 Siege of Suffolk. Pleasant Grove HICKORY RD. • Piney Grove – Farmstead depicting domestic life C 60 143 Baptist Church o 13 during the war. ll Cemetery HEAD OF RIVER RD. Gabriel Chapel & L e N O A g 32 RTH Cuffeytown Cemetery • Gabriel Chapel & Cuffeytown Cemetery – e W N

C 258 E D African American church with graves of thirteen Lake ST N

r R

e Benjamin F. Butler I I O U.S. Colored Troops who fought in Tidewater, Va. e Drummond Glencoe V N BACK BAY

k E R Brigadier General, USA R G • Mahone Tavern – CS Gen. William Mahone’s T H childhood home. R I V • Blackwater Line – Strategic defense-line securing E supplies for Confederate Army. COLONIAL PARKWAY JAMES RIVER R ★★★★★★★ THE 1862 PENINSULA CAM PAIGN ★★★★★★★

) R R l P a Hanover A r M t Court House U n N K e EY

C RI VE a R King and Queen i n Court House i

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( RA PPA HA N Gaines’ Mill N Ric O ( hmon k RR CK d & Yor ) R Cold IVER Harbor

J AM ES R IV E West Point R RICHMOND

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d Drewry’s New Market & Bluff

P Samaria

e Church Y t O e R r Gloucester

s K b Malvern Hill Court House u R r g I M R V y R E O c Chesterfield Harrison’s ) B a R r Charles City Court House Landing J y e c A a d Court House e C r f e s n K d s s s o e s s e f C B r n e e ) r r g o e A s R g s g n C h t R City Point Y n e n o e r f t o g o C h o Gloucester t in C n C f f o f o f o o m P Point o C o y u ty f r m e i y o y a u s C r r r e u ( ra ry ra ib s Williamsburg b a b L u M i r i M e IV JAMES Yorktown L ib L e e h APPOMATTOX R ER R CHESAPEAKE BAY e L e th h T PETERSBURG I Halfway e f T f VE th h th o f o R f f t f y y o y House o o o es es es sy sy sy rt urt rt rte rte rte ou Co ou Dam No. 1 ou ou ou C C ( C C C

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Major General General General o ( Brigadier General Major General Brigadier General n N

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John Bankhead Magruder, CSA Robert E. Lee, CSA Joseph Eggleston Johnston, CSA P k Edwin Vose Sumner, USA George Brinton McClellan, USA Erasmus Darwin Keyes, USA

R R

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W t P I e e V

r t Surry Court House I e E Commander, Army of the Peninsula Military Advisor to the President Commander, Department of Potomac s r C Commander, II Corps, Commander, Army of the Potomac Commander, IV Corps, b s R K b u u September 18 61-June 1862 August 186 1- May 1862 r r g g Army of the Potomac Army of the Potomac R Divisional Commander, R R R ) ) Army of Northern Virginia Commander, Army of Northern Virginia Hampton June 1862-April 1865 Fort Boykin Fort Monroe Cumberland he 1862 Peninsula Campaign is undoubtedly one of the Civil War’s most pivotal events. HAMPTON Lincoln’s fears for Washington’s safety caused McClellan to operate astride the Chicka - ROADS Monitor The Confederacy was reeling from defeats in the Mississippi region and along the North Merricmack NORFOLK hominy River. This divided his army. Joe Johnston tried to destroy half of the Union army on Carolina coast when Maj. Gen. George Brinton McClellan, USA, conceived a strategic May 31 when he attacked McClellan at Seven Pines (Fair Oaks). The poorly coordinated assault McClellan’s army landed at Fort Monroe and in April began its advance up the Peninsula, clashing with the Confederates at Dam No. 1, T plan to strike at Richmond by way of the Peninsula between the York and James rivers. laying siege to Yorktown and fighting battles at Williamsburg and Hanover Court House. By the end of May, the Federals were only six miles failed and Johnston was seriously wounded. The next day, Gen. Robert E. Lee assumed command It was a sound concept enabling the Union to utilize its naval superiority to protect McClellan’s from Richmond. But then Johnston’s Confederate army struck back with a massive attack at Seven Pines. of the Confederate forces around Richmond. flanks and carry his troops. Yet this brilliant plan failed. Lee now prepared for his offensive strike against McClellan. He sent Maj. Gen. J.E.B. Stuart, Even before McClellan began moving his troops to the Peninsula, the emergence of the power - assault had no one to destroy. McClellan attempted to cut off the Confederate retreat. The bloody CSV A, on what became a spectacular ride around the Union army and then unleashed his troops ful ironclad ram CSS Virginia (Merrimack ) disrupted his plan. The Virginia blocked the James May 5 rear guard action at Williamsburg and a flanking move with Brig. Gen. William B. Franklin’s, against Brig. Gen. Fitz-John Porter’s V Corps north of the Chickahominy. The Seven Days Battles River and forced McClellan to concentrate on the York River. His path to Richmond, however, was USA, division up the York River to Eltham’s Landing on May 6 both failed to achieve their objectives. thus began with all of their fury at Beaver Dam Creek on June 26 and ended in the bloodbath also blocked by Maj. Gen. John Bankhead Magruder’s, CSA, fortifications at Yorktown and along The armies then continued their slow march through the rain and mud toward Richmond. at Malvern Hill on July 1, 1862. Richmond was saved, but Lee failed to win a decisive tactical the Warwick River. Magruder’s bluff of strength prompted McClellan to besiege the Confederate The Confederate retreat caused Norfolk to be evacuated on May 9. The Virginia (Merrimack ), victory as McClellan moved his army to the James River. defenses. The month’s delay was critical and contributed to the campaign’s ultimate downfall. deprived of its base, was destroyed by its crew on May 11. The James River door to Richmond was now McClellan’s failure to capture Richmond caused the war to last three more bloody years. Gen. Joseph E. Johnston, CSA, moved his entire army down to the Peninsula in late April, open, but only temporarily, as the Union fleet, including the ironclads USS Monitor and USS Galena , Yet, the campaign changed the course of American history as the war’s continuance trans - but he abandoned the Warwick-Yorktown Line on May 3. Thus, McClellan’s elaborately planned was stopped on May 15 by Confederate batteries at Drewry’s Bluff. formed it into a crusade for freedom.

★★ BATTLES AND LEADERS ★★ ★★ TECHNOLOGY ★★ ★★★ CIVILIANS ★★★

hen Virginia left the Union their defenses they left behind Brig. Gen. “One cannot help reflecting on the change in April 1861, the control Gabriel Rains ’, CSA, land mines. This inno - wrought by time and events. Where now crowds of Hampton Roads – with its vative anti-personnel weapon slowed the of hardy soldiers refresh their tired frames by ports, shipyards and forts – Union advance but also caused indignation gambling in the luxuriously fresh waves of

W y

became an important strategic goal for c in both the North and the South. the James River, only twelve months ago the

a r

e

d

e both North and South. Fort Monroe be - f McClellan’s army on the Peninsula was nobility and fashion of the South gathered n

o

C

e

h came a major Union base while the Con - t one of the most well-equipped in history. to enjoy the stillness and beauty of the f

s o s

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u m g e u

federacy sought to build a navy at Gosport n His 103 siege guns were among the most ad - scenery, and so the change ever goes on!” s e

o u s C u M f e M o

h e Naval Yard. y T vanced and powerful weapons in the world. – Capt. Ole Peter Balley, New York Volunteers t

r f

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Brig. Gen. Benjamin F. Butler , was o More heavy artillery was aimed on York - Few Tidewater residents realized in 1861 a e C C h

t f

f o

o

y y the first Federal commander to recognize Lt. General James Longstreet, Remodeling the “Merrimack” town than had ever been massed in a single that within four years their agrarian eco - s s e t e r t r u

u Commander of Confederate o o that the Peninsula provided a direct spot to that time in world history. Several nomic system would shatter. Soon they would C C rear-guard at Williamsburg approach to Richmond. His efforts to Brigadier General and during the April-May he Civil War was the world’s first of his units were also equipped with the find their homes and Ben Butler and the “Contrabands” expand Union control were thwarted by Philip Kearny 1863 Siege of Suffolk. modern war due in part to the novel Ager Gun. Deployed at Lee’s Mill, the fields in ruin, their John Bankhead Magruder, CSA, and D.H. introduction of new technology. so-called coffee mill gun became the first slave work force lib - like Portsmouth, Suffolk, and Great Bridge Hill, CSA, at Big Bethel on June 10, 1861. capture of Norfolk and Portsmouth in T Many of these new machines of rapid-fire gun to see combat in America. erated, their finan - thrived economically under Union occupa - It was the Civil War’s first land battle. May 1862. The vital canals linking the Chesa - war were first seen in combat during the The Civil War witnessed the introduc - cial resources de - tion. Other towns did not. Williamsburg’s a

George McClellan’s Peninsula peake Bay with North Carolina soon fell Peninsula Campaign. tion of new weapons and other industrial i pleted, and their Wren Building was burned and desolation n i g r i V

Campaign resulted in the Union seizing under Union command. A critical shipbuild - The first battle between the ironclads, technology that changed warfare forever f homeland under mil - remained throughout the countryside in o

y r a r

control of all of Hampton Roads. President ing, transportation and agricultural area the USS Monitor and CSS Virginia (Merri - and helped to make this conflict the bloodi - b itary occupation. the wake of the passing armies. i L

f o

y

Abra ham Lincoln personally oversaw the had been lost to the South’s use in the Penin - mack ), on March 9, 1862, changed naval est in our nation’s history. s Both sides rec - “How changed everything was on e t r u o

sula Campaign’s wake. warfare forever. No longer would wooden C ognized Hampton our retur n... . A good many of the houses May 5, 1862, Battle of Williamsburg, Kurtz & Allison Even though the Union maintained sailing ships rule the waves – ironclads Proffessor T..S..C.. Lowe’’s balllloons I n t r e pid aanndd C o n s t i t u t i o n . Sidney Lanier, Roads’ strategic gone, the fields uncultivated and covered a firm grip on the Tidewater region during became the key to naval superiority. the Poet Laureate of importance and Fort with shrubbery, fences burned, orchards the Confederacy, the next three years, the Confederacy never Jack LaMountain’s balloons had served at Fort Boykin Monroe quickly destroyed and everything laid waste.” gave up hope of liberating the area. Lt. Gen. already appeared over Hampton Roads in from 1861 to 1862. became a Federal – George Ben West James Longstreet with Maj. Gen. John Bell the summer of 1861, when McClellan brought bastion within the Hood, CSA, and Maj. Gen. George Pickett, with him Thaddeus S.C. Lowe, Chief Aero - Confederacy. Ben Butler’s May 1861 decision CSA, attempted to recapture Suffolk in naut of the Army of the Potomac. Lowe’s to consider slaves escaping into Union lines the spring of 1863. The resulting siege only two gas balloons, the Intrepid and the as “Contraband of War” was the Civil War’s 7

enabled the Confederacy to obtain food Constitution , were launched almost daily first step toward it becoming a war to end 9 9 1

, y t e supplies from the surrounding rich agricul - during the 1862 Warwick-Yorktown Siege to slavery. As Fort Monroe and Camp Butler i c o S e

t l u a t c i

tural area. observe Confederate defenses. The South - became magnets for African-Americans i t r s o n t I s

i y r H Smithfield was the only Tidewater town erners responded with their own crude hot seeking freedom, the Confederates burned o a t i s n i i H g

r i y r

to remain in Confederate hands throughout air balloon. They also introduced the first the old colonial port town of Hampton to V

a t t i l h i g i M r

y the war. The Federals launched one attempt anti-aircraft guns as Col. E.P. Alexander, y stop it from becoming a “safe harbor for p m o r C A

. S

to capture the town using the gunboat USS CSA, elevated his artillery to send shot . traitors and contrabands.” U

f Front view of St. John’s Church, Hampton, Virginia. o

y

Smith-Briggs early in 1864. It failed as local and shell against Union aerial observers. s By 1862 most of the Tidewater region fell e

t Destroyed with the whole town by the Rebels under r u o

soldiers were able to destroy the Smith-Briggs . When the Confederates retreated from C under Union control. Commercial centers Gen. Magruder. Watercolor by Lt. Robert Sneden.

VIRGINIA CIVIL WAR TRAILS Cover: “The Sinking of ★★★★★ THE CIVIL WAR REVISITED ★★★★★ the ‘Cumberland’ by the How to use this Guide Iron Clad ‘Merrimac’ off Newport News, VA March 8, The main part of this guide suggests a 1862. The “Cumberland” driving tour that follows the roads and went down with all her describes the events associated with the The following further explore and expand upon the story of the Civil War: Flags flying: – destroyed first serious campaign against the Con - Carrie B. Harbor Tour Norfolk Convention and Williamsburg Visitor Center but not conquered – Her federate capital in Richmond. Follow the 6 Crawford Pkwy. Visitors Bureau 421 N. Boundary Street gallant Commander Lieut. “Blue Line” tour that highlights some of Morris calling to his crew Portsmouth, Virginia 23704 232 E. Main Street Williamsburg, Virginia 23185 the best known events in American histo - ‘Give them a Broadside 757-393-4735 Norfolk, Virginia 23510 800-368-6511 ry such as the “Battle of the Ironclads” boys, as she goes.’” www.carriebcruises.com 800-368-3097 www.visitwilliamsburg.com in Hampton Roads. Travel the roads the m

www.norfolkcvb.com u Casemate Museum Yorktown National Park e s A

soldiers used as they marched ever-so- u V

, M

d Portsmouth Visitor Visitor Service Center r n 20 Bernard Road a

o slowly toward Richmond over the swampy W

m a i h Information Center c n i ground of the Virginia Peninsula. Visit Fort Monroe, Virginia 23651 P.O. Box 210 i g R

r i , . V c

757-788-3391 6 Crawford Pkwy. Yorktown, Virginia 23690 f n the battlefields in Newport News and I o

, y n s g e i

Williamsburg and end the campaign in the Portsmouth, Virginia 23704 757-898-3400 t s Chesapeake Conventions r e u D o

C n suburbs of Richmond, where new Confed - 800-PORTSVA www.nps.gov/colo o and Tourism i t a c i erate commander Robert E. Lee turned www.ci.portsmouth.va.us n Portion of Rebel battery at Wynn’s Mill. The gun u 900 Greenbrier Circle m

m back the Union threat.Visit the fine muse - Portsmouth Naval Shipyard which wounded Lt. Wagner, Topographical Engineer. o Chesapeake, Virginia 23320 C

y

b ums and historic houses along the way, Sketch by Alfred Waud. Museum

n 888-889-5551 g i

s including Lee Hall, the tour headquarters, e

D www.visitchesapeake.com 2 High Street

e r

u and the Mariners’ Museum, now conserv -

h Portsmouth, Virginia 23704 c City of Franklin o r ing parts of the famous ironclad, the B 757-393-8591 207 W. Second Avenue USS Monitor . Tour north or south of the www.portsnavalmuseums.com James River through Gloucester, Smith - Franklin, Virginia 23851

Richmond National Battlefield

757-562-8506 . field, Suffolk, Chesapeake and Franklin. m c u n I e Park , www.franklinva.com s s u l Discover Old Towne Portsmouth and i a M

r r T

Civil War Visitor Center a r near-forgotten Civil War sites in Norfolk.

a Gloucester Tourism W

a W i

l i n

Tredegar & Fifth Sts. i v For more detailed travel information, i g r

C 6509 Main Street i

V a

i

Richmond, Virginia 23219 f n

i stop by any Virginia Welcome Center or o

g Gloucester, Virginia 23061 y r i s e V 804-771-2145 t

local/regional visitor center or contact any r 4

866-VISITUS u 0 o 0 C

2 www.nps.gov/rich of the attractions or visitor bureaus listed

© www.gloucesterva.info in this guide. For additional Civil War Trails Smithfield and Isle of Wight Lee Hall Mansion was built in the 1850s Portsmouth Naval Hospital was completed in Hampton Visitor Center/ Chesapeake, Franklin, information, visit www.CivilWarTrails.org . Visitor Center by Richard Decauter Lee and was used 1830. This Greek Revival structure was used by Hampton, Newport News, History Museum as headquarters by Magruder and both Confederate and Union forces. For more Virginia travel information, 335 Main Street Norfolk, Portsmouth, 120 Old Hampton Lane Johnston during the Peninsula Campaign. see www.Virginia.org . Smithfield, Virginia 23431 Richmond, Suffolk, Hampton, Virginia 23669 800-365-9339 Williamsburg, and the 800-800-2202 Counties of Charles City, www.smithfield-virginia.com The casemate in which former Confederate president Jefferson Davis www.hamptoncvb.com was held prisoner following the war. Chesterfield, Gloucester, Suffolk Visitor Center Hanover, Henrico, Isle The Mariners’ Museum 321 N. Main Street of Wight, James City, 100 Museum Drive Suffolk, Virginia 23434 New Kent, Southampton Newport News, Virginia 23606 866-SEE-SUFK and York 800-581-7245

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a Newport News Visitor m m u e e

s 9285 Warwick Boulevard

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s Taps Window, m e and North Carolina t e

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c Fort Monroe y t s e e k t s 1 88 8 CIVIL WAR r

u r Travelers enjoy one of the colorful, e o v C o

www.civilwartrails.org C interpretive markers along the trail.