Façade 2.0 System and Specification
Timothy SOEBROTO Meinhardt Façade Technology 06 October 2017 Façade 2.0 System and Speciation
Fire Mitigation in the FACADE
2 What to look for in a façade design?
AESTHETICS STRUCTURAL INTEGRITY LIGHTING INTEGRATION WATER TIGHTNESS CORPORATE IDENTITY AIR TIGHTNESS
DURABILITY SAFETY BLAST PROOFING ACOUSTIC INSULATION LIGHTNING PROTECTION THERMAL PERFORMANCE
FIRE3 PROTECTION What to look for in a façade design?
AESTHETICS PERFORMANCE
Shape Technology Materials Specification Colour Durability Texture Criteria Visual aspects Performance
4 High Performance Façade in Tropical Climates Introduction
Design is more than visual appearance. Holistic -or complete- design consist of equal parts HOLISTIC BALANCED DESIGN visual composition and performance. …. AESTHETICS PERFORMANCE High performance design is the application and careful balance of performance principals and the art of composition. It is the integration of physics and the science of materials. It requires a basic understanding of building and construction sequencing. It is in this intersection of science, art, materials and construction where design and technology, art, and science become architecture. Beauty is more than skin deep.
Keith Boswell - SOM
5 FIRE MITIGATION IN FAÇADE DESIGN
Introduction How to mitigate the fire: ▪ Façade Material ▪ Façade Design
6 7 GROZNY-CITY TOWER (THE OLUMPUS TOWER), CHECHENYA, RUSSIA 3rd April, 2013
8 GROZNY-CITY TOWER (THE OLYMPUS TOWER), CHECHNYA, RUSSIA
Building type: 40-storey hotel (5- star) Fire Event: 3rd April 2013 Fire Duration: 8 hours Fire Damage: - No one injured or kileed - All floors, except the ground floor, are caught in fire. Reopen: 2015
9 The ADDRESS DOWNTOWN HOTEL , DUBAI Fire Incident, New Year Eve - 2015
10 THE ADDRESS DOWNTOWN HOTEL, DUBAI, UAE
Building type: 63-storey hotel (5-star) Fire Event: 31st December 2015 Fire Duration: 4 hours Fire Caused: Electric Short Circuit at level 14 to 15 Fire Damage: - 14 people suffered minor injuries - 1 people suffered moderate injuries - Hotel closed for renovation. - 320 US$ claim to insurance
Criticism was levelled towards the high amount of cladding implemented into the building's design; it was reported that this cladding may have contributed to the fire's spread. 11 The TORCH TOWER, DUBAI MARINA 1st Fire Incident, 21st February 2015 2nd Fire Incident, 4th August 2017
12 THE TORCH TOWER, DUBAI MARINA, UAE 1st fire incident
Building type: 84-storey residential Fire Event: 21st February 2015 Fire Duration: N/A Fire Caused: Grilled at Balconies at level 50 Fire Damage: - 7 people suffered due to smoke inhalation. - External cladding were burned from lv. 50 to roof. The Telegraph News: - 101 of 757 units apartment is The external cladding on the building was inhabitable and have to be renovated. blamed for the rapid spread of the 2015 fire 13 THE TORCH TOWER, DUBAI MARINA, UAE 2nd fire incident
Building type: 84-storey residential Fire Event: 4th August 2017 Fire Duration: N/A Fire Caused: N/A Fire Damage: - No injuries - More than 40 floor are burned
14 GRENFELL TOWER, LONDON 14th June 2017
15 THE GRENFEEL TOWER, LONDON, UK
Building type: 24-storey residential Fire Event: 14th June 2017 Fire Duration: N/A Fire Caused: Unknow Fire Damage: - 80 people died - All external cladding were burned - Building cannot be used anymore
16 NEO SOHO, JAKARTA 9th November 2016
17 NOE SOHO, JAKARTA, INDONESIA
Building type: 50-storey office Fire Event: 9th November 2016 Fire Duration: N/A Fire Caused: Unknown
Fire Damage: - No injury - External cladding were burned from lv. 13 to roof.
18 Façade Fire Characteristic
• Causalities: Minimal • Façade is the areas which damage a lot • Less damage in the interior
19 HOW TO MITIGATE FIRE on FAÇADE? 20 Fire Mitigation in Façade Design Fire Behaviour - General
What is Fire? The rapid oxidation of a fuel evolving heat, particulates, gases and non-ionizing radiation
21 Fire Mitigation in Façade Design Fire Behaviour - General
The ‘Fire Triangle’ identifies the three FIRE TRIANGLE components of any fire: • Fuel – paper, wood, flammable gas, flammable material, etc. • Oxygen – in the air is 21%. Fire needs 16% only. • Heat (energy) – sufficient to support combustion. Referred to as the ignition source.
22 Fire Mitigation in Façade Design Fire Behaviour - General Fire Safety is based upon the FIRE TRIANGLE principles of keeping the fuel and heat (energy or ignition source) separate. Remove one caused and the fire can be prevented. In the architectural – Managing the fuel (material)
23 Fire Mitigation in Façade Design Fire Behaviour - General
Primary cause of death in the indoor fire
1. Burns 2. Heat Exposure 3. Smoke inhalation - up to 80%
24 Fire Mitigation in Façade Design Fire Behaviour
FIRE SPREAD in FACADE • External Fire Spread (Leap Frog Effect) • Chimney Effect of the External Cladding
25 Fire Mitigation in Façade Design Fire Behaviour
EXTERNAL FIRE SPREAD • Fire may flash over and break out through windows. • Frame spread up over or through the cladding • If fire re-enter building secondary fire may develop
26 Fire Mitigation in Façade Design Fire Behaviour
CHIMNEY EFFECT • Could be 5 times faster than external fire spread
27 HOW TO MITIGATE THE FIRE
• MATERIAL – FIRE RATED MATERIAL • CORRECT FAÇADE DESIGN
28 Fire Mitigation in Façade Design Material
29 Fire Mitigation in Façade Design Material
30 Fire Mitigation in Façade Design Material SNI 03-1736-2000
31 Fire Mitigation in Façade Design Material
Code of Practise for Classification of Material based on Fire classification
BS 476 Part 6 - Fire Tests on Building Materials and Structure
BS 476 Part 7 – Fire Tests on Building Materials and Structure
EN 13501 – Fire classification of construction products and building elements
ASTM E-84 – Surface Burning Characteristics of Building Materials
32 Fire Mitigation in Façade Design Material
Code of Practise for Fire Testing Method ASTM E-84 – Surface Burning Characteristics of Building Materials ASTM E-119 – Standard Test Methods for Fire Tests of Building Construction and Materials BS 8414 Part 1 and 2 – Fire performance of external cladding systems – Test method for non-load bearing external cladding systems NFPA 251 – Standard Methods of Tests of Fire Resistance of Building Construction and Materials NFPA 285 – Standard Fire Test Method for Evaluation of Fire Propagation Characteristics of Exterior Non-Load-Bearing Wall Assemblies Containing Combustibles Components
33 Fire Mitigation in Façade Design Material
Fire Testing
34 Fire Mitigation in Façade Design Material
TESTING
35 Fire Mitigation in Façade Design Material ISMA (INTERMEDIATE-SCALE MULTISTORY APPARTUS (ISMA)
36 Fire Mitigation in Façade Design Material
BS 476 – Part 7 Classification Spread of flame at 1.5 min Final spread of flame Limit Limit of one specimen in Limit Limit of one specimen in sample sample
(mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) Class 1 165 165 + 25 165 165 + 25
Class 2 215 215 + 25 455 455 + 45 Class 3 265 265 + 25 710 710 + 75 Class 4 Exceeding the limits of class 3
37 Fire Mitigation in Façade Design Material
EN 13501
38 Fire Mitigation in Façade Design Material
EN 13501
39 Fire Mitigation in Façade Design Material
BS 476 Part 6 an 7 to EN 13501
40 Fire Mitigation in Façade Design Material
41 Fire Mitigation in Façade Design Material ALUMINIUM PANEL (COMPOSITE, HONEY COMB and SOLID PANEL)
42 Fire Mitigation in Façade Design Material ALUMINIUM PANEL (COMPOSITE, HONEY COMB and SOLID PANEL) PERFORMANCE PE CORE CAP 70% MINERAL 90% MINERAL HONEY COMB 3mm CORE CORE PANEL / ALUMINIUM ALUMINIUM ALUMINIUM 3mm SOLID – MILL COMPOSITE COMPOSITE ALUMINIUM FINISH PANEL PANEL SOLID – PVDF FINISH COMBUSTIBILITY COMBUSTIBLE LOW NON NON NON RATING COMBUSTIBLE COMBUSTIBLE COMBUSTIBLE COMBUSTIBLE
NFPA 285 or NO YES YES YES YES NS 8414
ASTM E84 CORE NO YES YES YES YES BURNING
EN 13501 RATING E B A2 A2 A1
43 Fire Mitigation in Façade Design Material
44 Fire Mitigation in Façade Design Façade Design
48 Fire Mitigation in Façade Design Façade Design
1. Fire through the gap 2. Fire through the frame 3. External fire spread (Frog Leap Effect)
49 Fire Mitigation in Façade Design Façade Design
8mm DRY BOARD (GYPSUM)
50mm MINERAL WOOL – 80kg/m3
50 Fire Mitigation in Façade Design Façade Design
2080 F (1140 C) for 5 hours Mineral wool still intact
Glass Melts 820C Aluminum Melts 660C Fiberglass Insulation Fails (6 Minutes) at 1050 F (560C) and Is Not To Be Used In a Fire Containment Assembly
51 Fire Mitigation in Façade Design Façade Design
A. Perimeter Barrier System
Mineral Wool Safing is cut slightly oversized and jam fit into the opening foil side up with the grain parallel to the floor.
Z impaling clip Z shaped steel safing clips are used to impale the safing and suspend it into the opening.
52 Fire Mitigation in Façade Design Façade Design
As it burns, the edges shrink inward creating gaps. Fire Stop drops.
53 Fire Mitigation in Façade Design Façade Design
Use Proper Orientation and Compression
2-hour fire rated system
54 Fire Mitigation in Façade Design Façade Design
Fire Stop Sealant Fire Stop Sealant or Coating or Coating
55 Fire Mitigation in Façade Design Façade Design
56 Fire Mitigation in Façade Design Façade Design
A. Perimeter Barrier System – Design Criteria
1. Mechanically Attached Curtain Wall Insulation 2. Protected Aluminium Mullions 3. Compressed and Proper Orientation Fire Stop Mineral Wool 4. Firestop Sealant or Coating – to hold the Fire Stop Mineral Wool and for ‘Smoke Containment”’
57 Fire Mitigation in Façade Design Façade Design
A. Perimeter Barrier System – Design Criteria
4 Fire Stop Sealant or Coating Mechanically Attached Insulation 1
3 Compressed and Proper Orientation of Mineral Wool
Protected Mullion 2
58 Fire Mitigation in Façade Design Façade Design
60 Fire Mitigation in Façade Design Façade Design
B. Preventing the Leap Frog Effect – Vertical Separation of Opening
704.9 Vertical Separation of Openings `When openings in an exterior wall are above and within 5 feet (1524 mm) laterally of an opening in the story below, such openings shall be separated vertically by at least 3 feet (900mm) or by approved flame barrier extending 30 inches (762 mm) beyond the exterior wall. Such flame barriers are not required when a complete approved automatic sprinkler system is installed.. Excerpted from Section 704.9 2006 IBC Excerpted from Section 704.9 2004 FBC
61 Fire Mitigation in Façade Design Façade Design
Vertical Separation Openings
Openings shall be separated vertically by flame barriers of at least 3 feet
-OR-
“by flame barriers that extend horizontally at 62 least 30 inches” Fire Mitigation in Façade Design Façade Design
63 Fire Mitigation in Façade Design Façade Design
B. Preventing the Leap Frog Effect – Vertical Separation of Opening
Sprinklers are an exception to window separation requirements…
64 Fire Mitigation in Façade Design
In the absence of fire-retarding materials, design and mechanism, fire will rapidly climb the building, either internally or externally 67 Thank You
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