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The Memories of the Spanish Civil War: Consensus and Divergence La Mayor Injusticia Es La Justicia Tardía (Seneca)

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The Memories of the Spanish Civil War: Consensus and Divergence La Mayor Injusticia Es La Justicia Tardía (Seneca) The memories of the Spanish Civil War: Consensus and Divergence La mayor injusticia es la justicia tardía (Seneca) Credits: 8 ECTS/4 US Language of instruction: English Professor University of Barcelona: Martín Iturralde Professor CASA-Barcelona: Juanjo Romero Course Description Memories of the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939) have trapped the nation’s politics and society in an Antigone’s Labyrinth. Segments of Spanish society is still struggling today to gain the right to a dignified remembrance and burial for those family members who were victims of the war and Franco’s subsequent dictatorship (1939-1975). In the aftermath of the dictatorship, which followed the defeat of the Republican government in 1939, a heavy Curtain of Silence shrouded the memory of the civil conflict. Consequently, the trauma of the war appeared to be overcome. However, at the beginning of the 2000’s the shadow of the war reappeared, and this time society not only petitioned to know what happened during the war and dictatorship, but also demanded an honorable remembrance of the victims as well as justice for them. As a result, in 2007 the government passed the Law of Historical Memory which aimed to address these political and social issues. This course aims to understand the enduring debate about the Civil War in Spanish society by analyzing the conflict, its consequences and, in particular, its narrative from a holistic point of view. The course starts with an introduction to the historical context of 1930’s Europe, and then examines Spain and the events of the conflict itself. In order to understand the relevance and persistence of the Civil War in present-day society, this part of the course will focus in the context and development of the conflict. The second part of the course will analyze how it was remembered in the the post-war period. Particular attention will be paid to the Construction of Memory throughout the periods of the dictatorship and Spain’s transition to democracy through the study of the political discourse, literature works, arts and audiovisual productions of the time. Finally, the issue of Transitional Justice from a comparative and international perspective will be discussed, emphasizing the challenges and contradictions of the memory recovery in the context of Spain. Activities Complementing the classroom-based sessions (1,5 hours each), there is a wide variety of on-site visits that include guided walking tours, visits to air-raid shelters and other specific sites linked to the war. A study trip to Madrid focuses on Pablo Picasso’s and other avant-garde artists art work, commemorative monuments to Franco and battlefields sites. In addition, presentations by specialists guest speakers and film viewings complement the course. Prerequisites The course is designed for students from all disciplines, who may not be familiar with the topic. Students should have level B2 English (CEFR) or equivalent. Evaluation 20% Attendance, preparation, and Students will be evaluated not only on their attendance, but also on how participation well they prepare for the class sessions and their degree of active participation. Preparation entails reading the assigned readings and film viewings, preparing the questions in advance of the class session. Student should bring brief notes and responses to the class discussion. Active participation does not just mean offering comments frequently. It also means listening to other students interventions and responding accordingly. Active participation includes: • Asking questions in response to stdudents’ observations • Encouraging fellow students to clarify and expand their ideas • Providing new perspectives by citing sources not previously discussed in class • Making comments linking different classmates contributions • Expressing what you have gained from the discussion 45% Three short essays (15% each) Papers will be related to the course discussions and materials. They should (800 – 1200 words each) provide alternative points of view rather than simply repeat the topics covered in class or in the readings. The topics of the papers will be assigned in class. Submission dates: Essay 1: June 16th Essay 2: June 27th Essay 3: July 6th 15% Group Oral Presentation In the last course session (July 7th) each group will give a 5-10 minute (3-4 students per group) presentation on a previously selected topic. For this exercise students will use scholarly sources (minimum of three). 20% Final take-home exam The final exam will by based on class and course materials and it will be composed of short, open-ended questions and a longer essay question. The exam will be distributed on July 3th, and be due by e-mail on July 7th by 5pm. Policies • On-line readings will be available via the University of Barcelona virtual campus • Bring the course readings and notes to each class for discussion • Check the e-mail regularly for class announcements • Attendance: each absence will correspond to a deduction of two percent (2%) from the final grade. • Be punctual: late arrivals disturbe the class dynamic • Proper citation: Sources should be properly cited, both when quoting directly and when paraphrasing or summarizing • All written work should follow MLA style for scholarly writing • Cell phones are not permitted in class • Class protocol: students will be addressed by their legal names, however if studens request an alternate name or gender pronoun, please inform the instructors at the very beginning of the course. Note: Some readings and films contain graphic content, specially in terms of violence. If reading, watching or discussing such content might pose a serious problem for any student, it is advisable not to enroll in the course. COURSE SESSIONS Session 1 [June, 12th] Introduction to the course Course presentation • Course aims, description, activities, assessment • Essays and exams • Readings (on-line): intranet access • Course policies • Students expectations and background enquiry Session 2 [June, 12th] Europe in the Interwar Period (1918-1936) The international Context of the • Effects of World War and Russian Revolution Spanish Civil War I • First Holocaust and Violence of War • The Collpase of Empires? • New Political Order Session 3 [June, 13th] Europe in the Inter-war Period (1918-1936) The international Context of the • Birth of Mass Society Spanish Civil War II • Youth, Violence and Action • New Political Movements • Cultural Ruptures – Avant-gardes and Pop Culture Readings: Casanova, Julián: “Civil Wars, Revolutions and Counterrevolutions in Finland, Spain and Greece (1918-1949): A Comparative Analisys”, International Journal of Politics, Culture and Society. 13/3, 2000. 515-537. DOI: 10.1023/A:1022922309012 or, Berg-Schlosser, Dirk and Gisele de Meur. “Conditions of Authoritarianism, Fascism and Democracy in Inter-War Europe: A Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Analysis.” International Journal of Comparative Sociology 39/4 (1998): 335–377. DOI: 10.1177/0010414096029004003 [This article is recommended for those students familiar with sociological methodologies] Film Viewing: Riefenstahl, L.: Triumph des Willens (1935) Excerpts: Time: 00:31:35 – 00:34:05; 01:00:00 – 01:01:00; & 00:14:00 – 00:18:15 Conference [June, 13th] Philosophers and Writers and the Civil War: Antonio Machado, César Vallejo, María Zambrano y José Bergamín (Prof. Julio Ortega, Brown University) Session 4 [June, 14th] The Second Republic (1931-1936) The Spanish Context I: Politics • The Failure of the Authoritarian Dictatorship (1923-1930) • The Second Republic (1931-1936) • Heritage of the Monarchy • Politics: Old and New movements Reading: Graham, Helen: The Spanish Civil War: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford (Chapter 1) Session 5 [June, 14th] The Second Republic (1931-1936) The Spanish Context II: Society • Social Forces • The Church and the Army • Rural Middle Classes and Fascist reaction • Tensions of Modernization: Cities vs Countryside • Social Violence: Riots, Rebellions, Mobs and Revolutionary Attemps • The Women’s Republic Reading: Madorran, Carmen. “The Open Window: Women in Spain’s Second Republic and Civil War.” Perspectives on Global Development and Technology 15 (2016): 246–253 DOI: 10.1163/15691497-12341386 Session 6 [June, 15th] The Second Republic (1931-1936): The Spring of Culture The Republic of Arts I • New Cultural Athmosphere (the Residencia de Estudiantes, La Barraca, The Misones Pedagógicas...) • The Cultural Republic, Its Educational Policies and Its Limitations • The Role of the Artist during the Republic Reading: Afinoguénova, Eugenia (2011). “Leisure and Agrarian Reform: Liberal Governance in the Traveling Museums Of Spanish Misiones Pedagógicas (1931-1933)”, Hispanic Review, 79/2: 261–90. DOI: 10.1353/hir.2011.0017 Field Visit [June, 15th] The Republic Pavillion of the Paris Internationl Exhibition: Avant-garde and International Propaganda Essay 1 Submission [June, 16th] Session 7 [June, 16th] The Second Republic (1931-1936): The Spring of Culture The Republic of Arts II • The Silver Age of Spanish Literature • Avant-garde in Spain: Breaking the Norms • The Great Gap: Peasants, Workers, Artists and Republican Intellectuals Film Viewing: Buñuel, Luis: Un Chien Andalou (1929) Field Study [June, 16th-18th] Madrid • Reina Sofía Museum – Collections: Picasso’s Gernika and Avant-gardes in the 1930’s • Jarama Battlefield and Madrid’s Project for the Recovery of the Republican Defenses • Valle de los Caídos - Francoist Pantheon built by war prisoners Session 8 [June, 19th] The Civil War (1936-1939) The Outbreak of
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