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Home , Black Friday (1869), Southern Renaissance

RECONSTRUCTION: NORTH AND SOUTH 85

KEY ITEMS OF CHRONOLOGY

Lincoln’s plan for Reconstruction announced 1863 Thirteenth Amendment ratified 1865 Creation of Freedmen’s Bureau 1865 Assassination of Lincoln April 14, 1865 Johnson’s plan for Reconstruction announced May 29, 1865 Veto of Freedmen’s Bureau Extension Bill February 1866 Congress overrode Johnson’s veto of Civil Rights Act April 1866 Ku Klux Klan organized in the South 1866 Military Reconstruction Act March 2, 1867 Johnson replaces Stanton with Grant as secretary of war August 1867 House votes to impeach Johnson February 1868 Trial of Johnson in Senate March 5 to May 26, 1868 Fourteenth Amendment ratified 1868 All southern states except , Texas, and Virginia, readmitted to Congress June 1868 Texas v. White decision of Supreme Court 1868 Grant administrations 1869Ð1877 Mississippi, Texas, and Virginia readmitted 1870 Fifteenth Amendment ratified 1870 Resumption Act 1875

TERMS TO MASTER 18. Liberal Republicans 19. hard money Listed below are some important terms or 20. Friday people with which you should be familiar after 21. you complete the study of this chapter. Explain 22. Crédit-Mobilier or identify each. 23.Whiskey Ring 1. Freedmen’s Bureau 24. Horace Greeley 2. Wade-Davis Hill 25. 3. 26. Rutherford B. Hayes 4. “iron clad” oath 27. Samuel J. Tilden 5. black codes 28. Compromise of 1877 6. Radicals 7. Joint Committee on Reconstruction 8. forfeited rights theory VOCABULARY BUILDING 9. Fourteenth Amendment 10. Military Reconstruction Listed below are some words used in this 11. Command of the Army Act chapter. Look in the dictionary for the meaning 12. Tenure of Office Act of each. 13. Edwin M. Stanton 1. imposing 14. sharecropper 2. elite 15. black Reconstruction 3. disarray 16. carpetbaggers and scalawags 4. haggle 17. Ku Klux Klan 5. assumption 96 CHAPTER NINETEEN

Pullman Strike 1894 U.S. Steel Corporation formed 1901 IWW founded 1905 IWW textile strike in Lawrence, Mass. 1912

TERMS TO MASTER VOCABULARY BUILDING

Listed below are some important terms or Listed below are some words used in this people with which you should be familiar after chapter. Look in the dictionary for the meaning you complete the study of this chapter. Identify of each. or explain each. 1. cope 1. second 2. entrepreneur 2. Union Pacific 3. dissent 3. transcontinental railroads 4. exploit 4. Cornelius Vanderbilt 5. scruple 5. Alexander Graham Bell 6. revenue 6. Thomas Alva Edison 7. consolidate 7. George Westinghouse 8. financier 8. “Battle of the Currents” 9. guile 9. John D. Rockefeller 10. devout 10. Standard Oil Company of 11. clout 11. vertical integration 12. dissuade 12. trust (n.) 13. philanthropist 13. holding company 14. scorn 14. Andrew Carnegie 15. dreary 15. Bessemer process 16. agrarian 16. Gospel of Wealth 17. transient 17. J. Pierpont Morgan 18. impromptu 18. Steel Corporation 19. incite 19. Richard Sears 20. quell 20. Molly Maguires 21. scapegoat 21. Great Railroad Strike of 1877 22. agitator 22. Dennis Kearney 23. utopian 23. industrial and craft unions 24. arbitration 24. National Labor Union 25. reprieve 25. Knights of Labor 26. tedium 26. Terence V. Powderly 27. jurisdictional 27. Haymarket Affair 28. wrack 28. American Federation of Labor 29. manifesto 29. Samuel Gompers 30. ardent 30. Homestead Strike 31. Pullman Strike 32. Eugene V. Debs 33. Wobblies 34. William D. Haywood THE EMERGENCE OF URBAN AMERICA 101

Publication of Dynamic Sociology 1883 Publication of Huckleberry Finn 1883 First electric elevator 1889 Basketball invented 1891 Electric streetcar systems in cities 1890s Chinese Exclusion Act 1892 Ellis Island opened 1892 Publication of Maggie: A Girl of the Streets 1893 Veblen’s Theory of the Leisure Class 1899

TERMS TO MASTER VOCABULARY BUILDING

Listed below are some important terms or Listed below are some words used in this people with which you should be familiar after chapter. Look in the dictionary for the meaning you complete the study of this chapter. Identify of each. or explain each. 1. ethnic 1. streetcar suburbs 2. ramshackle 2. mass transit 3. affluent 3. “new” immigrants 4. tenor 4. Ellis Island 5. antebellum 5. Chinese Exclusion Act 6. cumbersome 6. Angel Island 7. noxious 7. Buffalo Bill 8. graft (n.) 8. vaudeville 9. propaganda 9. James Naismith 10. influx 10. Negro Leagues 11. discretionary 11. elective system 12. bequeath 12. professionalism 13. seedy 13. realism 14. decorum 14. Social Darwinism 15. palatial 15. Lester Frank Ward 16. lambaste 16. pragmatism 17. mayhem 17. William James 18. sedentary 18. John Dewey 19. guild 19. Henry James 20. idealistic 20. naturalism 21. empirical 21. Theodore Dreiser 22. shrewdness 22. Henry George 23. pervasive 23. Henry Demarest Lloyd 24. ameliorate 24. conspicuous consumption 25. benevolent 25. Gladden 26. expatriate 26. social gospel 27. dogma 27. settlement houses 28. flaunt 28. Susan B. Anthony 29. prerogative 29. National American Woman Suffrage 30. precursor Association 106 CHAPTER TWENTY-ONE

Arthur administration September 1881Ð1885 Pendleton Civil Service Act 1883 Mongrel Tariff Act 1883 Cleveland administrations 1885Ð1889; 1893Ð1897 Wabash v. 1886 Interstate Commerce Act 1887 Harrison administration 1889Ð1893 Sherman Anti-Trust Act 1890 Sherman Silver Purchase Act 1890 McKinley Tariff Act 1890 Populist party founded 1892 1893 McKinley administrations 1897Ð1901

TERMS TO MASTER VOCABULARY BUILDING

Listed below are some important terms or Listed below are some words used in this people with which you should be familiar after chapter. Look in the dictionary for the meaning you complete the study of this chapter. Identify of each. or explain each. 1. vulgarity 1. Gilded Age 2. inertia 2. Munn v. Illinois 3. stalemate 3. Wabash v. Illinois 4. precarious 4. Fourteenth Amendment 5. disenfranchisement 5. spoils of office 6. paradox 6. civil service reform 7. carouse 7. Stalwarts and Half-Breeds 8. heterogeneous 8. James G. Blaine 9. nativist 9. Pendleton Civil Service Act 10. patronage 10. Mongrel Tariff (1883) 11. thwart 11. Grover Cleveland 12. faction 12. Mugwumps 13. snide 13. Sherman Antitrust Act 14. eke 14. Sherman Silver Purchase Act 15. deranged 15. McKinley Tariff 16. scurrilous 16. Patrons of Husbandry 17. consummate 17. Farmers’Alliances 18. baron 18. subtreasury system 19. charisma 19. Mary Elizabeth Lease 20. candor 20. Populist party 21. fiasco 21. 16:1 22. bolster 22. depression of 1893 23. linger 23. Coxey’s Army 24. constituent 24. goldbug 25. cohesive 25. William Jennings Bryan 26. lien 26. William McKinley 27. stigma 28. fluctuation 29. fiscal 30. fervent AN AMERICAN EMPIRE 111

TERMS TO MASTER 22. guerrilla 23. irksome Listed below are some important terms or 24. stagnant people with which you should be familiar after 25. pious you complete the study of this chapter. Identify 26. referendum and explain each name or term. 27. omnivorous 28. prodigious 1. Alfred Thayer Mahan 29. boon 2. John Fiske 30. corollary 3. Josiah Strong 4. William H. Seward 5. yellow journalism 6. de Lôme letter EXERCISES FOR UNDERSTANDING 7. Teller Amendment 8. Platt Amendment When you have completed reading the chap- 9. Open Door Policy ter, answer each of the following questions. If 10. Boxer Rebellion you have difficulty, go back and reread the sec- 11. Panama Canal tion of the chapter related to the question. 12. Roosevelt Corollary 13. Portsmouth conference 14. “Gentlemen’s Agreement” Multiple-Choice Questions 15. “Great White fleet” Select the letter of the response that best completes the statement. VOCABULARY BUILDING 1. The writings of Alfred Thayer Mahan on expansionism emphasized the Listed below are some words used in this A. ideas of Social Darwinism. chapter. Look in the dictionary for the meaning B. importance of sea power. of each. C. need for external markets. 1. languid D. superiority of Anglo-Saxons. 2. bask 2. William H. Seward was largely 3. buffer responsible for 4. ordain A. starting yellow journalism. 5. intertwine B. developing the United States Navy. 6. burgeoning C. the sinking of the . 7. subjugate D. acquiring . 8. advocate (n.) 3. In the 1870s and 1880s, the nation’s 9. buttress (v.) expansionists focused on 10. prevail A. Latin America. 11. sanction B. the Pacific Ocean. 12. atoll C. the Caribbean. 13. subsidy D. Europe. 14. muster 4. In 1893, the United States nearly annexed 15. ambivalence A. . 16. crescendo B. Cuba. 17. armistice C. Mexico. 18. insurrection D. Hong Kong. 19. garrison 5. In 1898, the United States overcame its 20. annex doubts about overseas possessions because it 21. sporadic A. needed naval bases. B. wanted to expand commercial trade. 116 CHAPTER TWENTY-THREE

D. Efforts for new antitrust laws 2. Child labor 1. Wilson’s approach in 1912 3. Racist attitudes 2. Federal Trade Commission Act F. Wilson’s return to reform 3. Clayton Antitrust Act 1. Plight of the Progressive party a. Practices outlawed 2. Appointment of Brandeis to the b. Provisions for labor and farm Supreme Court organizations 3. Support for land banks and long- 4. Disappointments with term farm loans administration of the new laws 4. Farm demonstration agents and E. The shortcomings of Wilson’s agricultural education progressivism 5. Labor reform legislation 1. Women’s suffrage G. The paradoxes of progressivism

KEY ITEMS OF CHRONOLOGY

Wealth Against Commonwealth 1894 Roosevelt administration 1901Ð1909 Anthracite coal strike 1902 Shame of the Cities 1904 Northern Securities case 1904 Elkins Act 1903 Lochner v. 1905 Hepburn Act 1906 Pure Food and Drug Act 1906 Triangle Shirtwaist Company fire 1911 Supreme Court breaks up Standard Oil and American Tobacco Company 1911 Wilson administration 1913Ð1921 Sixteenth Amendment (income tax) ratified 1913 Seventeenth Amendment 1913 Underwood-Simmons Tariff Act 1913 Federal Reserve Act 1913 Federal Trade Commission Act 1914 Clayton Antitrust Act 1914 Adamson Act 1916

TERMS TO MASTER 5. anthracite coal strike 6. Robert M. La Follette Listed below are some important terms or 7. Elkins Act people with which you should be familiar after 8. Hepburn Act you complete the study of this chapter. Identify 9. Upton Sinclair’s Jungle and explain each name or term. 10. Ballinger-Pinchot controversy 11. New Nationalism 1. muckrakers 12. New Freedom 2. initiative and referendum 13. Federal Reserve System 3. Frederick W. Taylor 14. Federal Trade Commission 4. Northern Securities case 15. Clayton Antitrust Act 122 CHAPTER TWENTY-FOUR

Outbreak of World War I August 1914 Lusitania sunk May 1915 Arabic pledge from Germany September 1915 National Defense Act 1916 Wilson reelected November 1916 Germany resumed unrestricted submarine warfare February 1917 United States declared war April 1917 Creation of War Industries Board July 1917 Wilson announced Fourteen Points January 1918 Treaty of Brest-Litovsk March 1918 Armistice November 1918 Spanish flu epidemic 1918 Paris Peace Conference JanuaryÐMay 1919 Boston police strike September 1919 Senate votes on treaty November 1919 and March 1920 Red Scare 1919Ð1920

TERMS TO MASTER 25. irreconcilables 26. League of Nations Listed below are some important terms or 27. Versailles Treaty people with which you should be familiar after 28. reservationists you complete the study of this chapter. Identify 29. Spanish flu and explain each name or term. 1. Victoriano Huerta VOCABULARY BUILDING 2. Pancho Villa 3. dollar diplomacy Listed below are some words used in this 4. Triple Alliance chapter. Look up each word in the dictionary. 5. Triple Entente 6. U-boat 1. coup 7. Lusitania 2. embargo 8. Arabic pledge 3. spoils 9. preparedness 4. incendiary 10. Revenue Act of 1916 5. exalted 11. Zimmerman Telegram 6. consortium 12. John J. Pershing 7. orgy 13. conscription 8. carnage 14. Food Administration 9. surrealistic 15. War Industries Board 10. enmity 16. Great Migration 11. embodiment 17. Committee on Public Information 12. attrition 18. Espionage and Sedition Acts 13. ruse 19. Schenck v. United States 14. disavow 20. Treaty of Brest-Litovsk 15. crucible 21. Fourteen Points 16. belligerent 22. Big Four 17. overt 23. Henry Cabot Lodge 18. envoy 24. reparations 19. exigency THE MODERN TEMPER 127

a. Alice Paul and new tactics d. The campaign against lynching b. Contributions of Carrie e. The Scottsboro case Chapman Catt III. The culture of c. Nineteenth Amendment A. Science and social thought d. Effects of women’s suffrage 1. Einstein and the theory of 2. Push for an Equal Rights relativity Amendment 2. Uncertainty principle 3. Women in the workforce 3. Denial of absolute values E. The “New Negro” B. Modernist art and literature 1. The Great Migration north 1. Bewildering technological change a. Demographics 2. Characteristics b. Impact of the move a. Emphasis on subconscious 2. The Harlem Renaissance b. Concern with new forms 3. Marcus Garvey and Negro 3. Prophets of modernism nationalism a. T. S. Eliot a. Universal Negro Improvement b. Ezra Pound Association c. Gertrude Stein b. Separatism d. F. Scott Fitzgerald 4. Development of the NAACP C. Southern Renaissance a. Emergence of the organization 1. Conflict of values b. Role of Du Bois 2. c. Strategy

KEY ITEMS OF CHRONOLOGY

Einstein’s paper on the Theory of Relativity 1905 Organization of the NAACP 1910 Ratification of the Eighteenth Amendment (prohibition) 1919 Ratification of the Nineteenth Amendment (women’s suffrage) 1920 Sinclair Lewis’s Babbit 1922 T. S. Eliot’s Wasteland 1922 Scopes trial 1924 Execution of Sacco and Vanzetti 1927 Heisenberg’s Principle of Uncertainty stated 1927 William Faulkner’s Sound and the Fury 1929 Scottsboro case 1931

TERMS TO MASTER 3. fundamentalism 4. William Jennings Bryan Listed below are some important terms or 5. Clarence Darrow people with which you should be familiar after 6. “monkey trial” you complete the study of this chapter. Identify 7. Eighteenth Amendment or explain each. 8. Al Capone 9. Jazz Age 1. Sacco and Vanzetti 10. Sigmund Freud 2. KKK 128 CHAPTER TWENTY-FIVE

11. Alice Paul 29. exile 12. Carrie Chapman Catt 30. transmute 13. Nineteenth Amendment 14. Great Migration 15. Harlem Renaissance EXERCISES FOR UNDERSTANDING 16. Marcus Garvey 17. NAACP When you have completed reading the chap- 18. theory of relativity ter, answer each of the following questions. If 19. modernist movement you have difficulty, go back and reread the sec- 20. Ezra Pound tion of the chapter related to the question. 21. T. S. Eliot 22. Gertrude Stein 23. F. Scott Fitzgerald Multiple-Choice Questions 24. Southern Renaissance Select the letter of the response that best 25. William Faulkner completes the statement. 1. The case of Sacco and Vanzetti was an VOCABULARY BUILDING example of A. nativism. Listed below are some words used in this B. modernism. chapter. Look up each word in the dictionary. C. existentialism. D. fundamentalism. 1. teeming 2. Immigration restriction legislation in the 2. sedition 1920s sought to 3. quota A. reduce the total number of immigrants. 4. ironic B. prevent an influx of immigrants from 5. horde Latin America and Asia. 6. quarrel C. insure a greater percentage of 7. schism immigrants from northern and western 8. eloquence Europe. 9. evangelist D. allow each country to send the same 10. prescience number of immigrants. 11. fatigue 3. In the Scopes trial, Clarence Darrow was 12. zeal a(n) 13. bootlegging A. prosecutor. 14. lavishly B. defense attorney. 15. cosmopolitan C. expert witness. 16. caricature D. interested observer. 17. inane 4. Obstacles to prohibition included 18. banality A. profits from bootlegging. 19. sublimation B. inadequate congressional support for 20. doldrums enforcement. 21. suffrage C. public demand for alcohol. 22. ratification D. all of the above 23. bias 5. An “experiment, noble in motive and far- 24. atrocity reaching in purpose,” is how Herbert 25. filibuster Hoover described 26. realms A. the League of Nations. 27. ebb B. women’s suffrage. 28. atonal REPUBLICAN RESURGENCE AND DECLINE 133

Amelia Earhart flew the Atlantic 1931 Glass-Steagall Act 1932 Creation of Reconstruction Finance Corporation 1932 Attack on the Bonus Expeditionary Force July 1932

TERMS TO MASTER 5. behest 6. lenient Listed below are some important terms or 7. corrupt people with which you should be familiar after 8. amorous you complete the study of this chapter. Identify 9. turmoil and explain each name or term. 10. rustic 11. evoke 1. Warren Harding 12. creed 2. “normalcy” 13. exult 3. “Ohio Gang” 14. vindication 4. Harry M. Daughtery 15. havoc 5. Andrew Mellon 16. frugality 6. Fordney-McCumber Tariff 17. eradicate 7. Teapot Dome affair 18. therapeutic 8. Robert M. La Follette 19. commodity 9. Calvin Coolidge 20. exempt (v.) 10. Charles A. Lindbergh 21. retrospect 11. Amelia Earhart 22. subversion 12. Herbert Hoover 23. coercion 13. associationalism 24. tersely 14. marketing cooperatives 25. hinterlands 15. McNary-Haugen plan 26. exacerbate 16. “yellow dog” contract 27. flounder (v.) 17. welfare capitalism 28. destitute 18. Alfred E. Smith 29. shantytown 19. Agricultural Marketing Act 30. melee 20. Smoot-Hawley Tariff 21. margin buying 22. Reconstruction Finance Corporation EXERCISES FOR UNDERSTANDING 23. Federal Home Loan Bank Act 24. Bonus Expeditionary Force When you have completed reading the chap- 25. Glass-Steagall Act ter, answer each of the following questions. If you have difficulty, go back and reread the sec- tion of the chapter related to the question. VOCABULARY BUILDING

Listed below are some words used in this Multiple-Choice Questions chapter. Look up each word in the dictionary. Select the letter of the response that best 1. fissure completes the statement. 2. erode 1. Progressivism’s final triumphs included the 3. crusader A. election of Warren Harding in 1920. 4. injunction 138 CHAPTER TWENTY-SEVEN

F. Setbacks for Roosevelt VII. Legacy of the New Deal: a halfway 1. Anti-New Deal bloc revolution 2. Anti-Communist crusade A. Enlarged government 3. 1938 purge attempt B. Restoration of hope C. Increased government responsibility D. Revolutionary and conservative

KEY ITEMS OF CHRONOLOGY

FDR contracts polio 1921 Bonus Army march 1932 Roosevelt’s administrations 1933ÐApril 1945 The Hundred Days March 4ÐJune 16, 1933 Twentieth Amendment 1933 Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation created 1933 National Industrial Recovery Act 1933 Valley Authority created May 1933 Indian Reorganization Act passed 1934 Second New Deal initiatives 1935 Wagner Act passed July 1935 Social Security started August 1935 United States v. Butler 1936 AFL expelled CIO 1936 Court-packing plan presented 1937 The Grapes of Wrath 1939 Gone with the Wind 1939 Native Son 1940

TERMS TO MASTER 13. National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA) 14. Public Works Administration Listed below are some important terms or 15. National Recovery Administration (NRA) people with which you should be familiar after 16. Tennessee Valley Authority you complete the study of this chapter. Identify 17. Rural Electrification Administration (REA) and explain each name or term. 18. Okies 19. Richard Wright 1. brain trust 20. Eleanor Roosevelt 2. fireside chat 21. American Liberty League 3. Hundred Days 22. Huey P. Long 4. Securities and Exchange Commission 23. Francis Townsend 5. Civilian Conservation Corps 24. Father Charles Coughlin 6. Harry Hopkins 25. Schechter Poultry Corp. v. United States 7. Works Progress Administration 26. Wagner Act 8. Agricultural Adjustment Administration 27. Social Security Act 9. processing tax 28. court-packing plan 10. Dust Bowl 29. CIO 11. United States v. Butler 30. John L. Lewis 12. Soil Conservation Act FROM ISOLATION TO GLOBAL WAR 145

World War II begins September 1, 1939 First peacetime draft 1940 Fall of France June 1940 Lend-Lease program began 1941 Germany’s invasion of Soviet Union June 1941 Japanese extend protectorate over Indochina July 1941 Attack on Pearl Harbor December 7, 1941

TERMS TO MASTER 10. incursion 11. ludicrous Listed below are some important terms or 12. insularity people with which you should be familiar after 13. commissar you complete the study of this chapter. Identify 14. abstain or explain each. 15. appease 16. fascist 1. World Court 17. reconvene 2. Washington Armaments Conference 18. quarantine 3. isolationism 19. illusion 4. Five-Power Treaty 20. swastika 5. Kellogg-Briand Pact 21. conscription 6. Clark Memorandum 22. quadrennial 7. “good neighbor” policy 23. default 8. Nye Committee 24. invincibility 9. “merchants of death” 25. tripartite 10. Neutrality Acts 26. protectorate 11. cash-and-carry 27. flank 12. Blitzkrieg 28. imminent 13. America First Committee 29. fortuitously 14. Wendell Willkie 30. infamy 15. Lend-Lease program 16. Four Freedoms 17. Atlantic Charter EXERCISES FOR UNDERSTANDING

VOCABULARY BUILDING When you have completed reading the chap- ter, answer each of the following questions. If Listed below are some words used in this you have difficulty, go back and reread the sec- chapter. Look in the dictionary for the meaning tion of the chapter related to the question. of each. 1. volatile 2. relish (v.) Multiple-Choice Questions 3. viscount Select the letter of the response that best 4. forestall completes the statement. 5. refrain (v.) 6. culminate 1. The United States’s interest in disarmament 7. recourse was prompted partially by a concern about 8. repudiate the increasing power of 9. abrogate A. Great Britain. 150 CHAPTER TWENTY-NINE

Abolition of WPA, NYA, CCC 1943 Smith-Connally War Labor Disputes Act 1943 Teheran Conference NovemberÐDecember 1943 Smith v. Allwright 1944 Allies take Rome June 4, 1944 D-Day June 6, 1944 General Tojo and his cabinet resign July 18, 1944 Battle of Leyte Gulf October 1944 FDR elected to fourth term November 1944 Battle of the Bulge December 1944 Yalta Conference February 1945 Battle of Iwo Jima February 1945 Battle of Okinawa April-June 1945 FDR’s death—Truman president April 12, 1945 V-E Day May 8, 1945 Potsdam Conference July 1945 Atomic bomb dropped on Hiroshima August 6, 1945 Japan’s surrender September 2, 1945

TERMS TO MASTER 23. Yalta Conference 24. United Nations Listed below are some important terms or 25. Third Reich people with which you should be familiar after 26. Battle of Iwo Jima you complete the study of this chapter. Identify 27. Battle of Okinawa or explain each. 28. Potsdam Conference 1. Battle of Midway 2. General Douglas MacArthur VOCABULARY BUILDING 3. War Production Board 4. Office of Price Administration Listed below are some words used in this 5. rationing chapter. Look in the dictionary for the meaning 6. “right-to-work” laws of each. 7. WACS and WAVES 8. A. Philip Randolph 1. proximity 9. Smith v. Allwright 2. genocide 10. bracero program 3. attribute 11. “Zoot suits” 4. incalculable 12. War Relocation Camps 5. tenaciously 13. Winston Churchill 6. cryptanalysts 14. General Dwight D. Eisenhower 7. allot 15. Vichy government 8. 16. unconditional surrender 9. chafe 17. Operation “Overlord” 10. garner 18. D-Day 11. watershed 19. “leapfrogging” 12. valor 20. Battle of Leyte Gulf 13. animate 21. Harry S. Truman 14. encode 22. Battle of the Bulge 15. decipher 156 CHAPTER THIRTY

Berlin Blockade and Berlin Airlift June 1948ÐMay 1949 Truman ordered end to racial segregation in the military July 1948 Creation of Israel 1948 Hiss case 1948Ð1950 Establishment of NATO April 1949 China became Communist 1949 Senator Joseph McCarthy’s speech in Wheeling, , citing Communists in the State Department February 1950 Korean War June 1950ÐJuly 1953 MacArthur dismissed April 1951

TERMS TO MASTER VOCABULARY BUILDING

Listed below are some important terms or Listed below are some words used in this people with which you should be familiar after chapter. Look in the dictionary for the meaning you complete the study of this chapter. Identify of each. or explain each. 1. polarize 1. baby-boom generation 2. unrelenting 2. G. I. Bill of Rights 3. anticolonial 3. Henry A. Wallace 4. feisty 4. union shop 5. raucous 5. Taft-Hartley Act 6. cohort 6. National Security Act, 1947 7. partisan 7. United Nations 8. featherbedding 8. George F. Kennan 9. culprits 9. containment 10. compliant 10. Truman Doctrine 11. vile 11. cold war 12. brandish 12. Marshall Plan 13. basin 13. Berlin Blockade 14. intermittent 14. NATO 15. graphically 15. Jackie Robinson 16. virulent 16. Dixiecrats 17. drove (n.) 17. Fair Deal 18. laudatory 18. Douglas MacArthur 19. drone 19. HUAC 20. futility 20. Alger Hiss 21. undaunted 21. Joseph R. McCarthy 22. castigate 22. McCarran Act 23. pundit 24. plague (v.) 25. intractable 26. tyrannical 27. aversion 28. ploy 29. synchronize 30. relinquish 160 CHAPTER THIRTY-ONE

III. Challenges to complacency 2. The novel A. Intellectual critics a. The individual’s struggle for 1. Reinhold Niebuhr meaning 2. John Kenneth Galbraith’s Affluent b. J. D. Salinger’s Catcher in the Society Rye 3. John Keats’s Crack in the Picture c. Saul Bellow, Ralph Ellison, Window Joseph Heller, Norman Mailer, 4. David Riesman and The Lonely Joyce Carol Oates, et al. Crowd 3. Painting B. Youth Culture a. Edward Hopper and desolate 1. Influence of Dr. Benjamin Spock loneliness 2. “Teen” subculture b. Abstract expressionism 3. Juvenile delinquency i. Jackson Pollock C. Rock ’n’ roll ii. William de Kooning, Mark 1. Bridge between black and white Rothko, et al. music 4. The Beats 2. Elvis Presley a. Liberation of self-expression 3. Controversy b. Greenwich Village background D. Alienation in the arts c. William Burroughs, Allen 1. Drama Ginsberg, and Jack Kerouac a. Sense of alienation d. Influences b. Arthur Miller’s Death of a Salesman

KEY ITEMS OF CHRONOLOGY

Dr. Benjamin Spock, Common Sense Book of Baby and Child Care 1946 The first Levittown in New York 1947 Arthur Miller, Death of a Salesman 1949 David Riesman, The Lonely Crowd 1950 J. D. Salinger, The Catcher in the Rye 1951 Ralph Ellison, Invisible Man 1952 Allen Ginsburg, Howl 1956 Jack Kerouac, On the Road 1967 John Kenneth Galbraith, The Affluent Society 1958 Vance Packard, The Waste Makers 1960

TERMS TO MASTER 3. suburbs 4. William Levitt Listed below are some important terms or 5. “white flight” people with which you should be familiar after 6. white collar you complete the study of this chapter. Identify 7. cult of domesticity or explain each. 8. Norman Vincent Peale 9. Reinhold Niebuhr 1. GI Bill 10. “other directed” 2. baby-boom generation THROUGH THE PICTURE WINDOW: SOCIETY AND CULTURE, 1945Ð1960 161

11. Benjamin Spock 29. affinity 12. “Silent generation” 30. existential 13. juvenile delinquency 14. rock ’n’ roll 15. Alan Freed EXERCISES FOR UNDERSTANDING 16. Elvis Presley 17. Death of a Salesman When you have completed reading the chap- 18. J. D. Salinger ter, answer each of the following questions. If 19. abstract expressionism you have difficulty, go back and reread the sec- 20. Jackson Pollock tion of the chapter related to the question. 21. The Beats 22. Jack Kerouac 23. Howl Multiple-Choice Questions Select the letter of the response that best completes the statement. VOCABULARY BUILDING 1. The major catalyst for economic growth Listed below are some words used in this after 1945 was chapter. Look in the dictionary for the meaning A. government spending. of each. B. international trade. C. pent-up consumer demand. 1. deprivation D. the cold war. 2. chasm 2. The “baby boom” peaked in 3. giddy A. 1946. 4. catapult B. 1957. 5. catalyst C. 1964. 6. dismantle D. 1973. 7. prolific 3. The leader of the suburban revolution was 8. dispersion A. Norman Vincent Peale. 9. gloss B. J. D. Salinger. 10. corrosive C. Alan Freed. 11. corridor D. William Levitt. 12. proliferation 4. As a result of the great migration of 13. dysfunctional southern , the largest concentration 14. enclave of African is in 15. veritable A. the South Side of Chicago. 16. chronic B. Harlem in . 17. gangrene C. the Watts section of Los Angeles. 18. regimentation D. Washington, D.C. 19. gregarious 5. During the 1950s, the percentage of 20. cavort women working outside the home 21. larceny A. declined by half. 22. pagan B. finally equaled the rate for men. 23. manifest (v.) C. increased. 24. melancholy D. stayed the same. 25. aesthetic 6. The leading promoter of a feel-good 26. vibrant theology as found in The Power of Positive 27. mundane Thinking was 28. bohemian A. Reinhold Niebuhr. 166 CHAPTER THIRTY-TWO

Suez crisis (and Hungarian revolt) October 1956 Little Rock High School crisis September 1957 Sputnik launched October 1957 U-2 incident May 1960

TERMS TO MASTER 4. novice 5. dissimulation Listed below are some important terms or 6. passivity people with which you should be familiar after 7. hobnob you complete the study of this chapter. Identify 8. renege or explain each. 9. meteoric 10. blackmail 1. Twenty-second Amendment 11. sully 2. Adlai Stevenson 12. edict 3. “hidden-hand” presidency 13. tactician 4. “dynamic ” 14. meshed 5. St. Lawrence Seaway 15. deplore 6. interstate highway system 16. covert 7. John Foster Dulles 17. deterrence 8. Joseph R. McCarthy 18. brink 9. Army-McCarthy hearings 19. obliged 10. Earl Warren 20. bulwark 11. “liberation” 21. superficial 12. “massive retaliation” 22. quandary 13. brinksmanship 23. satellite 14. Indochina 24. acronym 15. Ho Chi Minh 25. syndrome 16. Dien Bien Phu 26. compound 17. Geneva Accords 27. joust 18. SEATO 28. prerequisite 19. Nikita Khrushchev 29. interpose 20. Suez crisis 30. contiguous 21. Sputnik 22. NASA 23. Eisenhower Doctrine EXERCISES FOR UNDERSTANDING 24. U-2 incident 25. Brown v. Board of Education When you have completed reading the chap- 26. Citizens’ Councils ter, answer each of the following questions. If 27. Martin Luther King, Jr. you have difficulty, go back and reread the sec- 28. Montgomery bus boycott tion of the chapter related to the question.

VOCABULARY BUILDING Multiple-Choice Questions Listed below are some words used in this Select the letter of the response that best chapter. Look in the dictionary for the meaning completes the statement. of each. 1. In the 1952 campaign, Eisenhower 1. formidable promised to 2. incumbent A. destroy Joseph McCarthy. 3. harass B. end the Social Security system. NEW FRONTIERS: POLITICS AND SOCIAL CHANGE IN THE 1960S 171

Gideon v. Wainright 1963 March on Washington August 1963 Cuban missile crisis October 1963 Overthrow of Ngo Dinh Diem November 1963 Kennedy assassination November 22, 1963 Escobedo v. Illinois 1964 Civil Rights Act (public accommodations) July 1964 Gulf of Tonkin Resolution August 1964 Voting Rights Act 1965 Watts riot August 1965 Malcolm X assassinated 1965 Miranda v. 1966 Tet Offensive JanuaryÐFebruary 1968 King assassinated April 1968 Robert Kennedy assassinated June 1968 Democratic national convention in Chicago August 1968 Election of Richard Nixon November 1968

TERMS TO MASTER 24. Malcolm X 25. Gulf of Tonkin Resolution Listed below are some important terms or 26. Viet Cong people with which you should be familiar after 27. Tet Offensive you complete the study of this chapter. Identify 28. Eugene McCarthy or explain each. 29. Robert Kennedy 1. New Frontier 2. Peace Corps VOCABULARY BUILDING 3. Gideon v. Wainright 4. Escobedo v. Illinois Listed below are some words used in this 5. Miranda v. Arizona chapter. Look in the dictionary for the meaning 6. Martin Luther King, Jr. of each. 7. SNCC 8. Freedom rides 1. turbulence 9. March on Washington 2. trauma 10. Bay of Pigs invasion 3. ideology 11. Berlin Wall 4. chameleon 12. Cuban missile crisis 5. dispel 13. Nuclear Test Ban Treaty 6. liability 14. Ngo Dinh Diem 7. haggard 15. war on poverty 8. sinister 16. Great Society 9. felony 17. The Other America 10. interrogate 18. Medicare and Medicaid 11. lament (v.) 19. Barry Goldwater 12. resolve (n.) 20. Civil Rights Act of 1964 13. preclude 21. Voting Rights Act of 1965 14. insurgent 22. Watts riot 15. gauntlet 23. black power 16. mystique 178 CHAPTER THIRTY-FOUR

TERMS TO MASTER 6. nihilistic 7. pacifist Listed below are some important terms or 8. disaffected people with which you should be familiar after 9. credo you complete the study of this chapter. Identify 10. karma or explain each. 11. tout 12. bastion 1. New Left 13. restitution 2. SDS 14. fractious 3. participatory democracy 15. assuage 4. Free Speech movement 16. ignoble 5. Yippies and hippies 17. tandem 6. counterculture 18. malaise 7. Woodstock 19. deranged 8. Betty Friedan 20. complicity 9. NOW 21. melodrama 10. Equal Rights Amendment 22. resiliency 11. Chicano 23. perplex 12. César Chavez 24. unconscionable 13. Stonewall riot 25. rapprochement 14. My Lai 26. depraved 15. Kent State 27. interregnum 16. Henry Kissinger 28. amnesty 17. Pentagon Papers 29. barrage 18. Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of 30. epitomize Education 19. Bakke v. Board of Regents of California 20. Twenty-sixth Amendment EXERCISES FOR UNDERSTANDING 21. Spiro Agnew 22. OPEC When you have completed reading the chap- 23. SALT ter, answer each of the following questions. If 24. détente you have difficulty, go back and reread the sec- 25. George McGovern tion of the chapter related to the question. 26. Watergate 27. Saturday Night Massacre 28. War Powers Act Multiple-Choice Questions 29. Camp David Accords Select the letter of the response that best completes the statement. VOCABULARY BUILDING 1. “Participatory democracy” was a slogan common in the Listed below are some words used in this A. Kennedy administration. chapter. Look in the dictionary for the meaning B. counterculture. of each. C. New Left. 1. elusive D. National Organization for Women. 2. seismic 2. Divisions within American society reached 3. hierarchical a climax in 1968 at 4. precipitate A. the Woodstock Music Festival. 5. coalesce B. Columbia University in New York City. A CONSERVATIVE INSURGENCY 183

KEY ITEMS OF CHRONOLOGY

Reagan presidency 1981Ð1989 Tax Act August 1981 Attack on U.S. Marines in Beirut October 1983 Invasion of Grenada October 1983 Tax Reform Act September 1986 plunge October 1987 INF Treaty December 1987 Tiananmen Square demonstrations June 1989 Fall of the Berlin Wall November 1989 Iraq invades Kuwait August 1990 Operation Desert Storm JanuaryÐFebruary 1991 Parts of former Soviet Union become Commonwealth of Independent States December 1991

TERMS TO MASTER 26. Desert Shield 27. Desert Storm Listed below are some important terms or people with which you should be familiar after you complete the study of this chapter. Identify VOCABULARY BUILDING or explain each. Listed below are some words used in this 1. sunbelt chapter. Look in the dictionary for the meaning 2. “Moral Majority” of each. 3. Phyllis Schlafly 4. Reaganomics 1. hobble 5. capital gains tax 2. unabated 6. “Teflon Presidency” 3. indignant 7. Sandra Day O’Connor 4. founder (v.) 8. Strategic Defense Initiative 5. dour 9. Contras 6. bloated 10. Grenada 7. pagan 11. Walter Mondale 8. resounding 12. Iran-Contra affair 9. euphemism 13. Lieutenant-Colonel Oliver North 10. impropriety 14. Tower Commission 11. celestial 15. gentrification 12. martial 16. AIDS 13. strident 17. junk bonds 14. impede 18. Tiananmen Square 15. tinderbox 19. perestroika 16. eclipse 20. glasnost 17. debacle 21. Mikhail Gorbachev 18. acclaim 22. Boris Yeltsin 19. offing 23. the Gulf War 20. buffet (v.) 24. OPEC 21. reverberate 25. Saddam Hussein 22. calamitous 188 CHAPTER THIRTY-SIX

KEY ITEMS OF CHRONOLOGY

Invention of the transistor 1947 Invention of microprocessor 1971 First personal computer 1975 End of the Soviet Union December 25, 1991 Clarence Thomas controversy 1991 Inauguration of Bill Clinton January 20, 1993 Family Leave Act February 1993 Siege at Waco, Texas FebruaryÐApril 1993 Brady Bill passed 1993 Israel-PLO agreement September 13, 1993 NAFTA passed by Congress November 1993 Troops land in Haiti September 19, 1994 Kenneth Starr named independent counsel 1994 Republican landslide November 1994 Contract with America 1995 City bombing April 1995 Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Act 1996 Hopwood v. Texas 1996 Federal budget surplus 1998Ð1999 Clinton impeached December 1998 Clinton acquitted February 1999 NATO air strikes in Kosovo begin March 1999

TERMS TO MASTER 15. Whitewater 16. ad hoc Listed below are some important terms or 17. Kosovo people with which you should be familiar after 18. ethnic cleansing you complete the study of this chapter. Identify 19. fin-de-siècle and explain each name or term.

1. Christian Coalition VOCABULARY BUILDING 2. downsizing 3. Clarence Thomas Listed below are some words used in this 4. NAFTA chapter. Look up each word in the dictionary. 5. militia movement 1. maturation 6. Contract with America 2. postindustrial 7. Newt Gingrich 3. homicide 8. Personal Responsibility and Work 4. bilingual Opportunity Act 5. disproportionate 9. Robert Dole 6. prototype 10. Alan Greenspan 7. facilitate 11. globalization 8. dogmatic 12. affirmative action 9. libertarian 13. Hopwood v. Texas 10. abhor 14. Kenneth Starr