UM DIÁLOGO a TRÊS: a Tradução Intersemiótica De Capitão América

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UM DIÁLOGO a TRÊS: a Tradução Intersemiótica De Capitão América UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE JUIZ DE FORA FACULDADE DE LETRAS UM DIÁLOGO A TRÊS: A tradução intersemiótica de Capitão América Gabriela Guedes Nascimento JUIZ DE FORA 2017 UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE JUIZ DE FORA FACULDADE DE LETRAS UM DIÁLOGO A TRÊS: A tradução intersemiótica de Capitão América Monografia submetida ao Departamento de Letras Estrangeiras Modernas da Faculdade de Letras da Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, como parte dos requisitos para a obtenção do grau de Bacharela em Letras: Ênfase em Tradução – Inglês, elaborada sob a orientação da Prof.ª Dr.ª Carolina Alves Magaldi. JUIZ DE FORA 2017 BANCA EXAMINADORA ____________________________________ Prof.ª Dr.ª Carolina Alves Magaldi ____________________________________ Prof.ª Dr.ª Patrícia Fabiane Amaral da Cunha Lacerda ____________________________________ Prof. Dr. Adauto Lúcio Caetano Vilella 24 de novembro de 2017. AGRADECIMENTOS Agradeço, primeiramente, a Deus pela minha vida e pela saúde e energia para concluir este trabalho. Agradeço à minha família pelo suporte durante todos esses anos de faculdade e por compreenderem os meus momentos de estresse ao longo da produção desta monografia. Agradeço à minha orientadora que conseguiu entender a loucura dos meus pensamentos e foi paciente em me orientar, esclarecendo minhas dúvidas e ajudando com minhas dificuldades. Agradeço aos meus amigos por entenderam os momentos em que eu tive que me ausentar e pelo apoio que recebi de cada um. Agradeço aos professores do Bacharelado em Letras: Ênfase em Tradução – Inglês que contribuíram, amplamente, para a minha formação. “I can do this all day” Capitão América RESUMO O presente trabalho apresenta uma análise de duas adaptações, uma para o cinema e outra para a prosa, da obra Guerra Civil (2007), escrita por Mark Millar e desenhada por Steve McNiven. A adaptação para a prosa foi lançada em 2012 com o título Guerra Civil: Uma história do universo Marvel, enquanto a adaptação cinematográfica, Capitão América: Guerra Civil foi lançada em 2016. O objetivo desta monografia é discutir as implicações por trás das mudanças pelas quais passou a obra, objeto de nossa análise, ao ser traduzida para diferentes meios semióticos. Para sustentar nossa discussão, utilizamos, primeiramente, como aporte teórico, a Teoria dos Polissistemas de Itamar Even-Zohar (2000 [1970]), que nos ajudou na compreensão da dinâmica dentro do sistema centrado em quadrinhos. Em seguida, com o objetivo de discutir as escolhas nas adaptações, utilizamos o conceito de Tradução Intersemiótica, tal como problematizada por Júlio Plaza (2003). Para a análise, foram escolhidas quatro cenas relevantes nos quadrinhos e suas respectivas traduções na prosa e no cinema. Por fim, concluímos que a interferência de elementos para além da obra original, tais como a expectativa dos fãs, direitos autorais e alcance de público, impactaram de maneira distinta as adaptações do nosso objeto de análise para diferentes mídias. Palavras-chave: Tradução Intersemiótica. Quadrinhos. Marvel. ABSTRACT This paper presents an analysis of two adaptations, one into film and the other into a prose novel, of the original work Civil War (2007), written by Mark Millar and illustrated by Steve McNiven. The prose adaptation was published in 2012 under the name Civil War: A prose novel, while the film adaptation, Captain America: Civil War was released in 2016. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the implications behind the changes that the comic book has undergone, in order to be translated into different semiotic environments. To provide support to our discussion, we first used as a theoretical contribution the Polysystems Theory, by Itamar Even-Zohar (2000 [1970]) which helped us understand the dynamics within the comic-centered system. Thereafter, in order to discuss the choices made in the adaptations, we applied the concept Intersemiotic Translation, as discussed by Júlio Plaza (2003). For the analysis, we chose four relevant scenes in the comics and their respective translations into a prose novel and into a film. Finally, we conclude that the interference of elements beyond the original work, such as the fan expectations, copyright issues and public range, had a distinct impact on the adaptations of the object we analyzed when translated into different medias. Key words: Intersemiotic Translation. Comic Books. Marvel. LISTA DE FIGURAS Figura 1: At the Circus in Hogan's Alley, cinco de maio de 1895, New York World ................................................................................................................ 14 Figura 2: Primeiro volume de The Yellow Kid ................................................... 15 Figura 3: Primeiros logos da San Diego Comic-Con nas décadas de 1970 e 1980 ................................................................................................................. 20 Figura 4: Logo da San Diego Comic-Con desenhado por Rick Geary ............. 21 Figura 5: Logo atual da San Diego Comic-Con ................................................ 21 Figura 6: Captain America Comics (1941) #1 ................................................... 28 Figura 7: Pôster da animação Spider-Man and His Amazing Friends (1981-86) ......................................................................................................................... 30 Figura 8: Pôster do primeiro filme da franquia Avengers .................................. 32 Figura 9: Caveira Vermelha, um dos principais inimigos do Capitão América .. 36 Figura 10: Capitão América desvendando o segredo do presidente Nixon ...... 38 Figura 11: Homem-Aranha revelando sua identidade secreta .......................... 39 Figura 12: A explosão na escola ....................................................................... 55 Figura 13: Reunião com o Secretário de Estado .............................................. 57 Figura 14: Confronto com a mãe ...................................................................... 59 Figura 15: Entrega da foto ................................................................................ 61 Figura 16: Homem-Aranha revela sua identidade ............................................ 63 Figura 17: Aparição do Homem-Aranha ........................................................... 66 Figura 18: Confronto entre Capitão América e Homem de Ferro ..................... 67 Figura 19: Confronto entre Capitão América e Homem de Ferro ..................... 69 LISTA DE QUADROS Quadro 1: Excerto referente à figura 12 ........................................................... 56 Quadro 2: Excerto referente à figura 14 ........................................................... 60 Quadro 3: Excerto referente à figura 16 ........................................................... 64 Quadro 4: Excerto referente à figura 18 ........................................................... 68 LISTA DE TABELAS Tabela 1: Adaptações feitas entre quadrinhos e romances: ............................. 23 Tabela 2: Lista de quadrinhos adaptados para o cinema: ................................ 25 Tabela 3: Adaptações entre quadrinhos e TV ................................................... 26 Tabela 4: Número de programas dos dois maiores estúdios de quadrinhos exibidos em TV ou por streaming ..................................................................... 27 SUMÁRIO INTRODUÇÃO ..................................................................................................11 1 HQs: história e contemporaneidade .......................................................... 13 1.1 Primórdios........................................................................................... 13 1.2 Mainstream e Comic Com .................................................................. 18 1.3 Representações intersemióticas (cinema e literatura) .................... 22 1.4 Marvel e seus personagens ............................................................... 27 1.4.1 Capitão América – Guerra Civil ..................................... 34 2 A dinâmica do polissistema HQ-cêntrico ................................................. 42 2.1 A Teoria dos Polissistemas e a dinâmica das adaptações ............. 42 2.2 Tradução intersemiótica e público-alvo ........................................... 46 3 QUATRO CENAS E SEUS DESDOBRAMENTOS ....................................... 53 3.1 A explosão na escola ......................................................................... 53 3.2 O confronto com a mãe ..................................................................... 58 3.3 Homem-Aranha ................................................................................... 62 3.4 Confronto ............................................................................................ 66 CONSIDERAÇÕES FINAIS ............................................................................. 70 REFERÊNCIAS ................................................................................................ 73 11 INTRODUÇÃO Temos acompanhado, nos últimos anos, o aumento do número de adaptações oriundas dos quadrinhos para as mais diversas mídias, o que tem colocado as HQs (Histórias em Quadrinhos) em uma posição de destaque, agora também para um público mais amplo. Porém, o que pouco se discute no meio acadêmico são as implicações intersemióticas que estão por trás dessas adaptações. Notamos, por exemplo, que obras adaptadas de um mesmo quadrinho-fonte para mídias distintas possuem diferentes interpretações do texto-fonte. Assim sendo, a presente monografia tem por objetivo
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