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VIETNAM COUNTRY of ORIGIN INFORMATION (COI) REPORT COI Service

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VIETNAM COUNTRY of ORIGIN INFORMATION (COI) REPORT COI Service VIETNAM COUNTRY OF ORIGIN INFORMATION (COI) REPORT COI Service 20 April 2012 VIETNAM 20 APRIL 2012 Contents Preface Paragraphs Background Information 1. GEOGRAPHY ............................................................................................................ 1.01 Overview ............................................................................................................... 1.01 Map ........................................................................................................................ 1.08 2. ECONOMY ................................................................................................................ 2.01 3. HISTORY .................................................................................................................. 3.01 French Rule and Vietnam’s independence ........................................................ 3.01 North and South Partition .................................................................................... 3.02 American Assistance to the South ..................................................................... 3.03 Reunification ......................................................................................................... 3.04 4. RECENT DEVELOPMENTS - DECEMBER 2011 TO MARCH 2012 ..................................... 4.01 5. CONSTITUTION .......................................................................................................... 5.01 6. POLITICAL SYSTEM ................................................................................................... 6.01 Human Rights 7. INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................... 7.01 8. SECURITY FORCES .................................................................................................... 8.01 Police ..................................................................................................................... 8.03 Armed forces ........................................................................................................ 8.05 Army ................................................................................................................... 8.09 Human rights violations by security forces ....................................................... 8.10 Arbitrary arrest and detention ............................................................................. 8.10 Torture ................................................................................................................ 8.11 Avenues of complaint .......................................................................................... 8.17 9. MILITARY SERVICE .................................................................................................... 9.01 10. JUDICIARY ................................................................................................................ 10.01 Organisation ......................................................................................................... 10.01 Independence ....................................................................................................... 10.04 Fair trial ................................................................................................................. 10.07 11. ARREST AND DETENTION – LEGAL RIGHTS .................................................................. 11.01 12. PRISON CONDITIONS ................................................................................................. 12.01 13. DEATH PENALTY ....................................................................................................... 16.01 14. POLITICAL AFFILIATION.............................................................................................. 14.01 Freedom of political expression.......................................................................... 14.01 Freedom of association and assembly ............................................................... 14.07 Opposition groups and political activists .......................................................... 14.12 15. FREEDOM OF SPEECH AND MEDIA ............................................................................... 15.01 Overview ............................................................................................................... 15.01 Newspapers, Radio, Internet and Television ..................................................... 15.08 Journalists ............................................................................................................ 15.10 Internet users/bloggers ........................................................................................ 15.14 16. HUMAN RIGHTS INSTITUTIONS, ORGANISATIONS AND ACTIVISTS .................................... 16.01 17. CORRUPTION ............................................................................................................ 17.01 18. FREEDOM OF RELIGION .............................................................................................. 18.01 ii This Country of Origin Information Report contains the most up-to-date publicly available information as at 20 April 2012. 20 APRIL 2012 VIETNAM Religious demography ......................................................................................... 18.17 Religious groups .................................................................................................. 18.20 Buddhists ........................................................................................................... 18.20 Unified Buddhist Church of Vietnam (UBCV) ................................................. 18.27 Hoa Hao ............................................................................................................. 18.30 Catholics ............................................................................................................ 18.37 Protestants ......................................................................................................... 18.44 Cao Dai .............................................................................................................. 18.51 Muslims .............................................................................................................. 18.54 19. ETHNIC GROUPS ....................................................................................................... 19.01 Chinese (Hoa) ....................................................................................................... 19.11 H’mong .................................................................................................................. 19.12 Montagnards ......................................................................................................... 19.14 20. LESBIAN, GAY, BISEXUAL AND TRANSGENDER PERSONS .............................................. 20.01 Legal rights ........................................................................................................... 20.01 Treatment by, and attitudes of, state authorities ............................................... 20.03 Societal treatment and attitudes ......................................................................... 20.05 Lesbians ................................................................................................................ 20.07 Transgender persons ........................................................................................... 20.08 21. DISABILITY ............................................................................................................... 21.01 22. WOMEN ................................................................................................................... 22.01 Overview ............................................................................................................... 22.01 Legal rights ........................................................................................................... 22.05 Political rights ....................................................................................................... 22.11 Social and economic rights ................................................................................. 22.15 Reproduction and abortion rights ....................................................................... 22.20 Access to education and employment ................................................................ 22.24 Violence against women ...................................................................................... 22.26 Domestic and sexual violence ............................................................................ 22.26 Trafficking of women .......................................................................................... 22.35 Assistance available to women ........................................................................... 22.38 Health and welfare ................................................................................................ 22.41 23. CHILDREN ................................................................................................................ 23.01 Overview ............................................................................................................... 23.01 Basic legal information ....................................................................................... 23.06 Legal rights ........................................................................................................... 23.09 Violence
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