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Chapter 12 PSEUDICIINES 1 z 6 Main links: Title page Introduction & guides INDEXES_chapters_&_genera Open PDF printout of this file Salticidae (Araneae) genera of the world - an atlas (unfinished manuscript) by Jerzy Prószy ński Professor Emeritus, Museum and Institute of Zoology, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Wilcza 63, 00-679 Warsaw, POLAND e-mail: [email protected] Chapter 12 PSEUDICIINES informal group of genera Version August 24th, 2020. symbol of the supragroup HYLLOIDA Composition and searching on this page Afraflacilla Festucula Nepalicius Okinawicius Psenuc Pseudicius Rudakius Spadera Unknown genus . Main diagnostic characters of the group PSEUDICIINES A-B - Genitalic characters of Afraflacilla tamaricis, C - habitus of Pseudicius vankeeri , D-J - somatic characters: D-F - Rudakius maureri , G - Afraflacilla reiskindi , H - Afraflacilla philippinensis , I - Psenuc vesporum, J - stridulatory row of subocular setae in Psenuc sp. from Australia. SOURCE. See on this page, below. All ©copyrights are retained by the original authors and copyright holders, used here by their courtesy. PSEUDICIINES informal group of genera Mutual diagnostic characters of genera . PSEUDICIINES differs from all other groups by lateral subocular row of stridulatory spines (see Figs D-E, J - above) interacting with a row of microscopic microsetae on femur I (Fig. F), also by characteristic tibial modification (Fig. F), ducts are usually twisted into complicated coils, armature of scent exuding opening is in a form of prominent duct (Fig. B). Embolus of Hylloidea type (Fig. A), epigyne usually with well developed pair of sclerotized pockets, body flattened and elongated, color pattern characteristic (for that of males see Fig. C, for females scroll screen down). Remarks. Body appearance and other somatic diagnostics characters of PSEUDICIINES are remarkably uniform and permit to recognize this group of genera at the first glance. However, genitalic characters, better expressing differences subdividing the group into smaller genera, easier to handle, are so strongly diversified that it it almost impossible to find their mutual characters. Promoting large genus Pseudicius s. l. to the higher rank of group PSEUDICIINES facilitates identification of genera and species, without loosing their mutual characters. Gen. Afraflacilla Berland & Millot, 1941 Type species Afraflacilla bamakoi (30 recognizable species) informal subdivision of the genus - nominal group A. (bamakoi), see A. (stridulator) group below See more species at Afraflacilla -Q +M J. Prószy ński - 2020 Salticidae (Araneae) genera of the world - an atlas Chapter 12 PSEUDICIINES 2 z 6 A - Afraflacilla bamakoi - original drawings, B - same by Zabka, C - Afraflacilla sp. © Photo R. R. Jackson, D - Afraflacilla tamaricis, E - Afraflacilla braunsi , H-K - Afraflacilla epiblemoides male & female , L-M - Afraflacilla sp. from Australia (not A. stridulator ) SOURCE. A - Berland, Millot J. 1941. 12, 2: 329 f 31, B - Zabka M. 1993. Invert. Tax. 7: 280, f 3A-C, C -.A5 - © Photo R. R. Jackson, D-E - Proszynski. 2003a. Ann. zool. 2003: 154, f 614-622 , F - Proszynski 1987. Atlas ...: 52 (male) and G -Proszynski 1989. F. Saudi Ar. 10: 53-54, f 53-55 (female), H-K - ©Photo J. Lissner, L-M - ©Photo R. Whyte. All ©copyrights are retained by the original authors and copyright holders, used here by their courtesy. Afraflacilla ( stridulator ) group of species (new) informal subdivision of the genus - see nominal A. (bamakoi) group above See more species at Afraflacilla -Q +M The group consists of A. grayorum Zabka, 1993, A. huntorum Zabka, 1993, A. stridulator Zabka, 1993 and A. yeni Zabka, 1993, all heretofore known from Australia. They differ from nominal group of species by male palps (with long embolus twice encircling bulbus, tibial apophysis originally transverse, turning anterior only at distance from cymbium) and slightly different internal structures of epigyne (with long part of copulatory duct sclerotized, anteriorly located ampulla-like spermathecae and relatively short, strongly sclerotized scent duct, located anteriorly and directed more or less transversally). J. Prószy ński - 2020 Salticidae (Araneae) genera of the world - an atlas Chapter 12 PSEUDICIINES 3 z 6 A-C - Afraflacilla[?[ stridulator Żabka, 1993 from W Australia male & female, SOURCE. Żabka, 1993: 291, f. 11A-B, 12A-C. All ©copyrights are retained by the original authors and copyright holders, used here by their courtesy. Gen. Festucula Simon, 1901 Type species Festucula vermiformis (9 recognizable species) See more species at Festucula -Q +M A-C - Festucula vermiformis female, D-F - Festucula festuculaeformis , male and female. SOURCE. A-B - Proszynski. Ann. zool. 2003a: 63, f. 241-243, C-F - Azarkina & Foord, 2014. African Invertebrates, 55(2): 359, f. 16, 25, 45-60. All ©copyrights are retained by the original authors and copyright holders, used here by their courtesy. Gen. Nepalicius Prószy ński, 2016 Type species Nepalicius nepalicus (3 recognizable species) See more species at Nepalicius -Q A - Nepalicius nepalicus , A-B - Nepalicius koreanus . SOURCE. A - Proszynski J. 1992a. Ann. zool., 44, 8: 106-107, f 67, [68?], 69-72, B - Bohdanowicz in Bohdanowicz, Proszynski 1987. Ann. zool. 41, 2: 67-71, f 67-73, C - Proszynski in Bohdanowicz, Proszynski 1987. Ann. zool. 41, 2: 67-71, f 67-73. All ©copyrights are retained by the original authors and copyright holders, used here by their courtesy. Gen. Okinawicius Prószy ński, 2016 Type species Pseudicius okinawaensis (10 recognizable species) See more species at Okinawicius -Q J. Prószy ński - 2020 Salticidae (Araneae) genera of the world - an atlas Chapter 12 PSEUDICIINES 4 z 6 A-C - Okinawicius okinawaensis , D - Okinawicius sheherezadae (Prószy ński, 1989) and E - Okinawicius sindbadi [male & female - do they match? are conspecific?]. SOURCE. A-C - Proszynski 1992a. Ann. zool., 44, 8: 108, f 98-100, D-E - Proszynski J. 1989. F. Saudi Arabia. 10: 49-50, f 46-47 +b) 51-52, f 50-52, All ©copyrights are retained by the original authors and copyright holders, used here by their courtesy. Gen. Psenuc Prószy ński, 2016 Type species Psenuc vesporum (11 recognizable species) See more species at Psenuc -Q A-C - Psenuc vesporum : male & female, D-G - Psenuc nuclearis : male & female, H-L - Psenuc sp. SOURCE. A-G - Proszynski J. 1992a. Ann. zool. 44, 8: 112, f. 88-97; 107-108, f 85-87 , H-L - ©Photo R. Whyte. All ©copyrights are retained by the original authors and copyright holders, used here by their courtesy. Gen. Pseudicius Simon, 1885 Type species Pseudicius encarpatus (9 recognizable species) See more species at Pseudicius -Q +M A-B - Pseudicius encarpatus , C-E - Pseudicius vankeeri . SOURCE.A-B - Proszynski 1992a. Ann. zool. 44, 8: 102-103, f 104-105, C-E - Proszynski 2003a. Annales zoologici. 2003a: 151-152, f 594, 605-609. All ©copyrights are retained by the original authors and copyright holders, used here by their courtesy. J. Prószy ński - 2020 Salticidae (Araneae) genera of the world - an atlas Chapter 12 PSEUDICIINES 5 z 6 P2 - Pseudicius encarpatus , male,and female © ©Photo M. Schäfer https://kleinesganzgross.de/gallery_art.php?ID=46&map=1 .. All ©copyrights are retained by the original authors and copyright holders, used here by their courtesy. Gen. Rudakius Prószy ński, 2016 Type species Menemerus cinctus (8 recognizable species) See more species at Rudakius -Q A-B - Rudakius cinctus , B-D - Rudakius maureri, E - Rudakius ludhianaensis (Tikader) , F - Rudakius citri ( Sadana) , G-M - Rudakius ludhianaensis (Caleb). SOURCE. A - Andreeva, Heciak, Proszynski 1984. Ann. zool. 3, 13: 351-352, f 20, 23, 27, 30, 33, 36, 39, 41, B-D - Proszynski J. 1992a. Annales zoologici, 48, 8: 105-106, f 73-79. E - Tikader 1974b. Proc. Indian Acad. Sci., 79: 205, f 1-3, F - Sadana. 1979 [1980] . Entomologist's month. magaz. 115: 229-230, f 1-5, Caleb, J. T. D., Prajapati, D. A. & Ali, P. A. (2019). Redescription of Rudakius ludhianaensis (Tikader, 1974) (Aranei: Salticidae), with notes on its synonymy and distribution. Arthropoda Selecta 28 (3): 417, f. 1-29. All ©copyrights are retained by the original authors and copyright holders, used here by their courtesy. Gen. Spadera Peckham, Peckham, 1894 Type species Spadera unica (1 recognizable species) See more species at Spadera -Q A-C - Spadera unica . SOURCE. A - Prószynski 1987. Atlas ...: 51, B-C - Peckham, Peckham, 1894 : 118, pl. 12, f. 1a-e. All ©copyrights are retained by the original authors and copyright holders, used here by their courtesy. Gen. Unknown genus Type species (1 recognizable species). J. Prószy ński - 2020 Salticidae (Araneae) genera of the world - an atlas Chapter 12 PSEUDICIINES 6 z 6 A - Unknown genus from Indonesia: Bali: Alas Kedaton, B - same genus, from Peninsular Malaysia: Genting. SOURCE. A - © Photo D. Knowles, B - ©Photo F. Murphy. All ©copyrights are retained by the original authors and copyright holders, used here by their courtesy. COMMENT. Classification uncertain, body shape resembling Pseudicius , tibia I swollen, color pattern does not resemble any spider known to me, palps and epigyne not documented, presence of stridulatory spines under eyes lateral cannot be checked. J. Prószy ński - 2020 Salticidae (Araneae) genera of the world - an atlas.
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  • A Checklist of the Spiders (Arachnida, Araneae) of the Polokwane Nature Reserve, Limpopo Province, South Africa

    A Checklist of the Spiders (Arachnida, Araneae) of the Polokwane Nature Reserve, Limpopo Province, South Africa

    Original Research A CHECKLIST OF THE SPIDERS (ARACHNIDA, ARANEAE) OF THE POLOKWANE NATURE RESERVE, LIMPOPO PROVINCE, SOUTH AFRICA SUSAN M. DIPPENAAR 1Department of Biodiversity School of Molecular & Life Sciences University of Limpopo South Africa ANSIE S. DIPPENAAR-SCHoEMAN ARC-Plant Protection Research Institute South Africa MoKGADI A. MoDIBA1 THEMBILE T. KHozA1 Correspondence to: Susan M. Dippenaar e-mail: [email protected] Postal Address: Private Bag X1106, Sovenga 0727, Republic of South Africa ABSTRACT As part of the South African National Survey of Arachnida (SANSA), spiders were collected from all the field layers in the Polokwane Nature Reserve (Limpopo Province, South Africa) over a period of a year (2005–2006) using four collecting methods. Six habitat types were sampled: Acacia tortillis open savanna; A. rehmanniana woodland, false grassland, riverine and sweet thorn thicket, granite outcrop; and Aloe marlothii thicket. A total of 13 821 spiders were collected (using sweep netting, tree beating, active searching and pitfall trapping) represented by 39 families, 156 determined genera and 275 species. The most diverse families are the Thomisidae (42 spp.), Araneidae (39 spp.) and Salticidae (29 spp.). A total of 84 spp. (30.5%) were web builders and 191 spp. (69.5%) wanderers. In the Polokwane Nature Reserve, 13.75% of South African species are presently protected. Keywords: Arachnida, Araneae, diversity, habitats, conservation In the early 1990s, South Africa was recognised, in terrestrial and KwaZulu-Natal, Mpumalanga and the Eastern Cape. terms, as a biologically very rich country and even identified Savanna is characterised by a grassy ground layer and a distinct as the world’s ‘hottest hotspot’ (Myers 1990).
  • Heliophanus Pygmaeus WESO£OWSKA Et RUSSELL-SMITH, 2000, a Small Beetle-Like Salticid from Africa (Araneae: Salticidae)

    Heliophanus Pygmaeus WESO£OWSKA Et RUSSELL-SMITH, 2000, a Small Beetle-Like Salticid from Africa (Araneae: Salticidae)

    Genus Vol. 15(2): 275-280 Wroc³aw, 30 VI 2004 A redescription of Heliophanus pygmaeus WESO£OWSKA et RUSSELL-SMITH, 2000, a small beetle-like salticid from Africa (Araneae: Salticidae) WANDA WESO£OWSKA Zoological Institute, Wroc³aw University, Sienkiewicza 21, 50-335 Wroc³aw, Poland, e-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT. Redescription of Heliophanus pygmaeus WESO£OWSKA et RUSSELL- SMITH, 2000 is provided. Female of the species was hitherto incorrectly described as the female of Xuriella prima WESO£OWSKA et RUSSELL-SMITH, 2000. New distributional data are presented. Key words: arachnology, Araneae, Salticidae, Heliophanus, Xuriella, redescription, Afrotropical Region, beetle mimicry. Heliophanus pygmaeus is a diminutive, beetle-like jumping spider, adult specimens reach only 2 mm. This epigeic salticid was collected in pitfall traps from woodland or grassland with bushes (WESO£OWSKA & RUSSELL-SMITH 2000) or found in litter (see below). The species was described from the Mkomazi Game Reserve in Tanzania on the basis of the males. The females, caught separately, were incorrectly connected to the male of another beetle-like species, Xuriella prima WESO£OWSKA et RUSSELL- SMITH, 2000. The latter species belongs to the subfamily Dendryphantinae; its eyes of the second row are close to the anterior row. In the female of H. pygmaeus the second eye row is placed further away (in the mid of eye field). This feature had been overlooked though, and the overall external similarity resulted in the decision of describing this spider as X. prima. New material from Western Africa, where spiders of both sexes were col- lected together, allowed to decide unequivocally on their conspecificity.