080057-14.001.Pdf

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ij\dgz-t:(Zl otslinN Nq'tsia Yo|. 14, No. 1/2 (2001) partson systemcards beneath clear magic tape,field testsfor pollinator specificity, and the extensive useof 35 mm colour slidesand line drawingsof fresh flowers. We havealso benefitedfrom accessto recently acquireddata on allozyme and DNA markers.

The early history of the systematicsof south-westernAustralian orchids is reviewed here. It comprisedtwo phases:(1) the first encountersby Europeansand (2) the early colonial phasein which James Drummond was prominent. The strong reliance of taxonomists on the collections and observationsof interestedrcsident orchid enthusiastsis a recunent featureof this history,

Our taxonomic conceptsfor genera,species, subspecies and hybdds are described. New taxa are consideredto be speciesif they grow in populations(i.e. are not aberrantindividuals within normal populations),if they have featuresor a combination of featuresnot seenin any previously named species,and especially if they grow with previously named speciesand produce few or no natural hybrids. Geographicalraces with minor morphologicaldifferences are recognized as subspecies. These may hybridize and intergmdeextensively where their geographicalranges overlap. Our emphasison biological as well as morphological attdbutesin recognizingspecies and subspeciesis a significant changeftom past practice. It leads to the recognitionof more specieswithin complexespreviously treatedas single polymorphic species(e.g. Caladeniafilamentosa R. Br., C. huegelii H.G. Reichlt.)- Thereare many practical advantages toourapproach, includingimproved management forconservation, improved cultivation, and more precisecommunication and conductofpopular and scientific studies on south-westemorchids. Nevr'genera, published elsewhere,are basedon numerical analysesof morphologicaldata, aswell asthe recently completed DNA sequencestudies ofKoreset al. (20O0,2001\.

Introduction

Two centuriesago, Archibald Menzies,surgeon and naturalistaboard the ILMS. Discovery, was the first European to make collections of Western Australian orchids. The Discovery, under the commandof CaptainGeorge Vancouver, was anchoredin King GeorgeSound from 28 Septemberto 11 October1791.

"copious Menzies made a collection of ... yegetableproductions, principally the genusBantsia, which are here very numerous" from various sites onshore in the vicinity of present-dayAlbany (Maiden 1909; Heberle, undated). Three orchid specieswere subsequentlynamed from Menzies' specimens,including one bearinghis name-Leptoceras menzt€stt(R. Br.) Lindl., Caladenia flavaR. Br. andDiuris longifulla R. Br. (Brown 1810;Lindley 1830-1840). The presentseries ofpublications, basedon more than two decades'research, contdbutes towards the celebrationof the bicentenaryof Menzies' pioneeringcollections. Here,we provide a genemlintroduction to the series,and a new key to genem of south-westernAustralian orchids.

South-westemAustralia is one ofthe few regionsin the world where the abundanceand diversity of terrcstdal orchids may be breathtaking (Hoffman & Brown 1992, 1.998). In some habitats, particularly the first spring after a fire, more than 40 specieshave beenrecorded in a few hectares,in somecases so abundantthat walking without treadingon them was impossible. But such situations are exceptional. Indeed, most residentsand tourists, professionalbotanists among them, overlook orchidsand underestimate the dch diversity found in the south-west.There are several reasons for this. e roJ 966I osrJJ oes)lsluEtoq unlrPqroq eql ol lsol eJPsJelcsJeqc cruouoxel AuEr! lEql sueurlJeos 3ur,{rp puu Surssard,{q pe olsrp os sr sprqcJoruolse^\-qlnos Jo Jnopo pus .rnoloJlrslep IeJnpruls 'sueupeds eqlJo qsnl{ unrJeqJeqIsuorlue^uor qlr^{ dluo ?u1pepur sruolqordclluouoxEl eruocre,ro fypquelsqns e,req suorlelndodprqJJo ur uolleue^ Surdpnls o1 seqceo:dde^\au'{lpuoros puv

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'u^rorE ,ftotsrH I ,{Solopqro u?llelsnv uelso/A dV pu? loddoH dS Nryrsjd Vol. 14, No. 1/2 (2001) similarexample in thepea genus Splraerolobium). Additionally, observations on habitat,population vadation,flowedng phenology and pollinationare also commonlyscant or absenton herbarium specimenlabels.

Botanistsin Britainand Europe in the1800s had only a small number ofpoorly preserved herbadum specimensto work vr'ithwhen they commenced naming south-westem orchids. This hasmeant that muchofour cunentnomenclature is basedon broad species concepts develoPed by taxonomiststrying to makethe bestjudgements they could on the limited characters detectable from the available material. Drummond(1842) was the filst to alludeto theresultant frustration felt by rcsidentfield botanists who couldreadily discem distinct species that were lumped under the one name by botanistsftom afar(see openingquotation).

Themost striking example of sucha broad species concept was Bentham's (1873: 381-382) notion that all taxa in lhe Caladeniapatersonii, C. longicaudaLindl., C. dilatataR. Br. andC. huegelii complexesbelonged to theone species, C. patersonii. Bentham commented in supportof thisview lhat C. patersonii was:

"Veryvariablein thelength and proportions ofthe sepals, in theshape ofthe labellum andits fringesand calli, andin the colourof the flowers,which areusually of a pale greenishhue outside and yellowish or pink inside,the calli andend or middlelobe of thelabellum usually and sometimes the whole disk of a rich purple.The following are the principalforms this speciesassumes, rcgarded by Lindley andothe6 as distinct species,but passingtoo graduallyinto eachother to be clearlymarked out from dried specimens."

He thenwent on to recognizethe Caladenia dilatatq complex as a varietydistinct from the rest of C.patersonii.

JamesDrummond, Westem Austmlia's first residentEuropean field botanist,collected and separatelynumbered several of thenew speciesnamed in thepresent series, and even described and namedsome himself in publishedlette$ to Hooker(Drummond 1842), only to seesome of his observationsignored and specimens lumped under the broad species concepts ofthe botanists to whom theywerc shipped.

Bentham's(1873) and particularly Reichenbach's (1871) broad concepts were also recognized as unworkableby Australia'sfirst residentorchidologist, R.D. Fitzgerald. Having seen and accurately paintedfresh flowers of manytaxa in New SouthWales and some from Westetn Australia, Fitzgerald (1882)remarked rather caustically:

"Specimensthat, if submitteda few yearsago to the highestauthorities, would withoutdoubt have been considered as representing new species,are now mattenof hesitation,uncertainty, and rc-comparison, and are finally pronouncedto be varieties, very oftento thedisgust of thecollector, who hasseen them in a freshstate, and who cannotaccept the ruling that they are identical with otherspreviously named, with which he may be equallyfamiliar, and into whichhe feelsconfident they never lapse."

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Figurc I. Systcm card showing dissoctod spocimcns ol Culadcnia [ulcata

ln thisseries and a previouspaper (Hopper & Brown 2000),we concentrateon newand reinstated south-westerntaxa in Caladenia R. Br., Drakaea Lindl. and allied genera.David Jonesand Mark Clementshave describedand will be describingmany new taxa of south-westernPt€ros4)lis R. Br., Diuris Sm., CyrtostylisR.Br., Gastrotlia R. Br. and CorybasSalisbury (e.g. Jones & ClementsI987; Clements1989;Jones 1991). In SouthAustralia, Robert Bates is curently workingon Prasophyllum R. Br. andMlcroris R. Br. (e.g.Bates 1984, 1989, 1990), while work begunby the lateJoe Weber of the StateHerbarium , Adelaideon ThelymltraForstcr is now beingcontinued by Jeff Jeanes Wewould expectthe descriptionof many new taxa in thesegenera when further detailedpopulation studiesare undertaken.

It is timely to describethe new taxafor severalreasons. Many arerare, and their formal description will aid conservationagencies in identifying and managingthe few populationsknown (Hopper el cl 1990; Brown et ol. 1998). Our taxonomic researchis ongoing, but many undescribedtaxa were identified some years ago (e.g. HolTman & Brown 1984) and are well known among local orchid enthusiasts.Publication of the nameswill facilitate communicationand increaseawareness of the real wealth oforchids occurring in the south-west.And finally, the nameswill be validatedfollowing their informalmention in the revisededitions of"Orchids of South-WestAustralia"(Hoffman & Brown 1992, 19e8).

While we regardthe descriptionsin the other papersofthis seriesas a significant new contribution to knowledge of the south-westerngenem treated, it is by no meansthe last word on the subject. As our taxonomic researchis ongoing, we would welcome hearingfrom anyonewho has found orchids that do not match thoseillustrated and describedin this seriesor in Hoffman & Brown (1992, 1998).

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Finally, the currentsurge in taxonomicresearch and description ofAustralian orchidsis notwithout its critics (e.g. Heberle 1995; Dockrill 1995 - seeBower 1995 for ar independentresponse). This is not unexpeated,and indeed,is healthy for any areaof scientific research.As long as cdticism is based on carefultesting andwell documentedfalsification oftaxonomichypotheses, significantimprovements in our knowledge of Australian orchids will occur. Indeed, such an approachled Bates and Weber (Weber & Bates 1978, 1986; Bates & Weber 1990) to move from early unworkably broad species conceptsto a taxonomy much morc in tune with biological reality. There will never be a final word on matterssuch as taxonomic rank and speciesconcepts. The important advancesnevertheless will occur primarily when new contributionsto existing data aremade by carefulwell-documented study. We would cite the exciting new insights gained on the evolution and classificationof all organisms through the recent application of DNA sequenceanalysis as an especiallysignificant example of a major advancein knowledge (seebelow).

Systematichistory - the Pioneers

Given the bicentennialcelebration to which this paper is dedicated,it is fitting to review the early history ofthe systematicdescription of the south-westAustralian orchid flora, focussingon the genera treatedher€in. We havedrawn our informationfrom severalsources, the main onesbeing Diels (1906), Maiden(1908, 1909, 1921), Edckson (1969), Hall (1978,1984), Carr & Carr (1981a,b), Marchant (1982),Heberle (undated), Short (1990), Barker& Barker(1990), and tmnscripts ofJames Drummond's lettersto Hooker held at the WestemAustralian Herbarium. We havealso examinedspecimens in the majorAustralian herbariaand at Kew, the British Museumand Vienna to obtainadditional information on collectors.

At the outset, we wish to stressBarker & Barker's (1990) thesis that throughout the history summarisedbelow, right to the presentday, knowledgeof the real contribution of all involved in the collection and naming of Australian plants, orchids included, is imperfectly recorded. Proper acknowledgmentof assistanceis very much a personalmatter. Botanistsfrom all ageshave varied greatlyin their ability andwillingness to recordtheir debt to otherpeople. Along with Barker & Barker (1990),we haveattempted to recountdetails ofthe efforts ofpoorly known enthusiastsas much asthose of the well known botanistswhose contributions rightfully have been extolled in the literature.

Four main overlappingphases may be recognizedin the collectionand descdption ofsouth-western orchids by Europeansand their Australian descendants- (1) first encounters'(2) early colonial, (3) easternAustralian taxonomists,and (4) residentWestern Australian taxonomists.Here we review only the first two of thesephases, both mainly involving descriptionoforchids by Europeanbotanists, with the most notablefeature ofthe secondphase being the outstandingcontributions made by James Drummond in the 1830s.It is hoped to review subsequentphases in a future Publication.

Becauseso little hasbeen recorded, we have not attemptedto describeaboriginal krowledge, but it must have been prodigious given the 40 000+ yearsof their occupationof the south-west'and the importanceof some orchid tuberoidsas dietary items.

Firstencount€rs

Orchids may have beenseen, but were not collected,when Willem de Vlaming briefly landedon RottnestIsland and the adjacentmainland (now suburbanPerth) in December1696 and January1697 (Playford 1998). Similarly, the fragmentarycollections available from William Dampier's exploration 'suoqeroldxe 'eurllsuoJ senboellsruelog laql;o Suluq aql go esnuceqdlurrru lsa.r-qlnos eql tuo{ sprqJrolrelloc ol pelleJllsr^ s,u,rorg Jegedlelutperurut puu sJoJeqslslu8loq qsuarg "{13ur1sere1u1

'rg '4 ' y 4 reddog ('tg'a) slutnlap 2puu Ig d v "wel)'V "I'( 4reddog(rg g) zafno) DpuuDt)' tg d orloltiDl muapoloJ 1'l.IEsouof ( rg'U) suout8u stqctoJ{d se qcns 'Elle4snv uJelsa^\ uI punoJ ueeq eJurseAEq erleJlsnv uJelsse-qlrlos '(oao1J'3) rrrpelrelloc Ieueteruruo4 (g1g1) u,r,ro:gdq perueusatceds leuorllpps lure^as DluapoloJ '(9191) uBrlellsnv ualse/(\ ls.rr;eql Surpnlcur u,rorg dq peueu aret serzuel'iqdq puno5 eSroeg 3ury rxo{ papolloJ erel\ leql rededlueserd oqlJo qder8eredSuluedo eql ur peuoquerusetceds eerql eql

'(7161 lyexelg) lse^\-qtnoseql ur Suyrncco lpxelg DuoalooDro4,snue8 e1e8e.t3es s1t q1r,,rr111dsdpuecer'rg'douaa1rzJpue'(9191-Ogg1)deypurl,(q4uurcrreuo8olpolu^eleflluenbesqns sei qJrq^\ 'tg'A sotacotdaT uo\aes oluapoloJ pelxes oslE uttrotg st1,(lsool4 pne wryfqdosDQ 'suorJlw 'tg'6 "tg'a 'orpoitsDg ' 'd ' snqluotadKT wmsaldouag Jg snlrlpoug Jg d owalEdg 'sll/0sor.rfJ"Ig "tglcsrylqrop)'ouapDp)-EllBrlsnv d slt{lsotdtrC Iuolsel[ ut u,tou4,r.roue.Ieue8 '(g eqlJo z I paqsllqelseeq 191u,trorg) ,,ueuelc-uE^ eBlnsuJle aetpuEIIoHee^oN eerolc snuorpord,, 'uorlrpps Surreeuordsrq ur u1 san8ealloc puE u^\o slq Jo suorlcollor Surqrrcseppup SulIeuI ueqlIBrluelsqns eJouIJEJ sE,r sprqsro uellerlsnv urJlsel[Jo sJr]eurJts,{saql ol uorlnqrI1uoas.u,{\org

'relutuns.{Huo ',(lpelqnopun usql reqler ?uuds ur pepueluollrpedxe eql peq tuareJJlpueaq e,req p1no,,n stql ureue8 pelllero lpul-I 2211o1o'ouapop) ur sr zOsl ur pelrellor sarcedsgl oqlSoeuop (pelepuneFeqeg) ,{ueqlygo ,{1rurcr,reql ur requeceq ut SuuerroU punoJueeq ecuts er'eq selceds rno; luuotltppuuu ,{1uo 'splqcro luql lcBJaql ul pelJagar seansseuqSnoroql rreql (9191) u,t\olg ,{q poueu ,{PuenbasqnsIIe uJelse,/rr-qlnosJo selcadset pelJelloJlnq'uosBes prqcJo eql ur elEIera,A\ sonSeellot slq pue u^\olg

'o8eledrqJJVeqcJeqce1 eql ur spuelsruo 's,tep 'acuuradsg puu a,nr;ro; (yed IEuogeNpuurC e1 edu3 ,,(up-luesa.rdeq1 ut) ,{eg ,{1cn1 le SuIpue[ JeeupelJelloc puE peroldxe oslu uotltpedxe eq1 ',{renue1gl puu0I uee,trleg ,4uuq1ypunoru slelrquq Jo a8upr e uroq Eueld lcelloc pue aroldxe o1 ,{lrungoddooldue sJeqlopue pooC'u,tro.lg SuIpJoJJu 'punog 'Jole^rasuo) eql urtueds se.t' (208I .{renuut9 ot) {tuoru 11ryy reneg pueurpJoClslue oqt pue se 'pooC JeledJeuepruS aq1 e:o,r,r. ,{ued eql ur osly s>1uegqdesol rrg ;o a?euorledeql Jopunpelulodds 'u^aorg 'lors ueqog Suno{ e su,tr1stle:nleu s€ pJeoquO I08I Jequeceq 8 uo punoSe3:oa9 3ut;4 1u petoqcuercpggsaa l aql ur sJepurld.^^eqllslil{ ,{q pel EIIBJlsnyale8r,reuulncrtc o1 uotltpedxe eq1

'u.,vroJg 'sprqJro uaqod uerlersnv learl o1lsturouoxel toleru lsrlJ eqt dq dl oqs plJo,rrrclJlluelcs eql Jo uorluelu aqt 01lq8nolq oq ol aJe,truIIeJlsnV uJelselA uI sun?O pue o4rwt1aq11o acuatntco 'wS, eq1 daupfg le pepellof, oarnD 6,;o suerurcedsuro.r; sr.rzrg snue8 eql petuuu (gOri) qttuls ',{yupu.ug (E961 ,{o11opr14 suqol) snueSaqt qstlqelseol pasnse.tlt g/11yo a8efo,t s.1oo3 u1e1de3 uo s:elsrog eq1{q epuw t?tstol orlolt3ro1 J Jo uorloellocpuBlBeZ ,raN V (9//I Jats.roC? JelsJoC) oarwQatllset*sueedorng dq peureueq ol uIleJlsnVuJelsel6 ut Sutunccosptqcro;o snueSlsrg eq1

' 'vut1[ usarzuawuuacoJda7 pue ollotr8uol suryq oruapo1o31o sedf,1eql pepelloc ,{gedsq ro serzueltr punos oBJoeC3ury ls lwoc qlnoseql uo I6LI uI selzuet{ pleqlqJry ol petnqlr1l€ 'pe1q3llq8tq lBql sB^\erlsJlsnv ulelseiN rrroq sprqcJoJo uolpelloJ pepJoJallsllJ eI0 i(pearp sy

'(9661 ,{-teq8rey 'IC('rg !9161e8roegry eSprqrng:qI/6I eAIoeC)'ruey3y1,14sauof A) suocrt8ruslt1ctott1 pue sn1o1o1tp'dsqns'1pw1sn1otllrysrylqJolrAr opnJJuI lou op 669I lsn8nv ur spuelsrs1r pue f,eg 4uq5;o

'u^rorg ftotsrH I fSoloprrlrro uErtE4snv olllsar1l d V pue r.ddoH C S 10 Nulrsid Vol. 14, No. 1/2 (2001)

Juliende la Billardiere,and doctor and botanist Charles Riche with D'Entrecasteaux'sexpedition collectedplants near Esperance from 13-20December 1792, includirg the fint kangaroopaw which Labillardieresubsequently ramed Anigozanthos rulzs l-abilt. On 15 DecemberRiche became lost inlandfrom DempsterHead, and the next day had to abandonthe plant specimens he collected in his urgencyto getback to thecoast and his ship(Marchant 1982). l,ate-flowering orchids may have been amongthese, but thereis no recordto informus.

And onthewest coast, botanistsAndre Michaud, Leschenault de La Tour, and Jacques Delisse, head gardenerAnselmeRiedle, and gardener'sboysAntoine Guichenot andAntoine Sautierwith the Baudin expeditions(May-September 1801; February-March 1803), and Quoy, Gaimard and C. Gaudichaud with theFreycinet expedition (1818) all similarlydid not makeorchid collections that survived to be studiedby taxonomists.

The genus Corybaswas first describedby Salisbury(1807) on the basis of material of C. aconitiflorusSalisbury from Sydney.Another 66 yearswould elapse before the occurrence of this genusin WestemAustralia was recorded by Bentham(1873).

Anotherfamous botanical explorer, Allan Cunningham,as a memberof Phillip ParkerKing's Australiancoastal survey expeditions, appears not to haveincluded orchids among his collections madeon MiddleIsland on January16, 1818, and at King GeorgeSound during 20-31 January, 1818 andftom 24December 1821 to 5 January1822 (Cuny & Maslin1990). Again, his visits occurred well afterthe main peak of floweringfor orchids.

Similarly,the horticulturalcollector William Baxterworked in the vicinity of King George's Sound,Lucky Bay and Cape Arid in theyears 1823-1825, and in 1829(Maiden 1909). Littleisknown of hisactivities, and no orchidspecimens of hisare known. In a letterftom King GeorgeSound dated March25, 1829 to Sydney'sColonial Botanist Fraser, Baxter remarked "Specimens: I have not got any worthsending, this being the worst time in all theyear for them,but if we remainhere until thespring I will geta rarecollection." Unfortunately, Baxter sailed to Sydneyin July,and missed the spring with its flushof floweringorchids (Maiden 1909).

Thus,prior to theestablishment of theSwan River Colony in 1829,only 16 speciesof orchidshad beencollected in the south-west,all from King GeorgeSound, and the majoritylate-flowering. In addition,17 genera and some additional eastem Austnlian species to befound later in thesouth-west hadalso been named, primarily by RobertBrown (1810).

Early colonialphase

Thearrival ofJames Drummond (1784-1863) at the Swan River with CaptainStirling's colonizing partyon the Parmeliain 1829heralded a majoradvance in knowledgeof the south-west'sorchids (Erickson1969). Drummond, a Scotand keen nu$eryman, formerly Curatorofthe Botanical Gardens at Cork,Ireland, was designated as unpaid Govemment Naturalist for theSwan River Colony.

Drummondsoonbecame occupied as the Colony's official gardener, andwaspaid as such for ayear (1831-1832).Additionally, he establishedhomes and farms for his family briefly at Guildford (November1829), but then atAscot (early 1830), at the foot of Mt Eliza(1831),at HelenaValley (1831), andfinally the mainfarm 1/a"thornden atToodyay (L836).

L .. sIoAIl eseqlJo sesrnocJe,rol oqt uo .{llu.lnl€u- sro^ly us?l€) puu ?ur) eql ol uo ueql pue du€qlv uro{ JBJlou osp t .tEgI .uef 1nqpuno5 eql yo dlrurcr^ elerpeurrrraql uI epeuleJe.r suorsJnJxesrH ZI-I I rxo{ pouruuoreq eJeq,npuno5eSroag ?up1o1ees dq uo penunuoJuaql pus'lequeceq 'e8ueg 6I eql 1lun JeArUup/ns eql uo peureuraroH uofullJue 1u Suqreq eq1;o looJeql seJ€J se Jolelq eql spJeaolpelEllaued pup'quedJo pooqtnoqq8teueql ul slueq S qloq uo polcellot'relr1 ue,r,iseqt ol ocuuJtueeql le spuelsreql pele8pse^uraH,, s

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,, sueu-rnedsq1t,t Sur,tog;:e,tos,{e,tr1e ere,r outoq tleql ur selleqs eqJ aJeqls1ue3e pezruSoce.t q1r,t eps dpeare punoJslamolJplr,/$ Jo speespue sueulceds qrns eleq^\ aculv qlnos ol suorlcollocalrsuelxe o,t; lsee11z lues ,{eq11eq1 u,roul srlI u,troladu31e s:opalloc crJrluercsJoJ sleurue Jeqlopue sprrq ul{s ot peuJsal 'spesur ,{eqlpus Jo uorlcalyoce8rel u dn 1pnq,{eq1 lsaralurolos lreql lou eJe,rstueld

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:palunorer(6961) uospu3 errX sy ',{1a1uurlur 'sreef eereqgad orll Jo sleurru€pue slueydaq1 ,rou1 ol ouru, dpusJ eql dpea asaqluy

'u,raorg fuotsrH t ,{SoloprqtrrouBrtpr}snv ll-IalseA dV pue lrddoH qS Nuttsia vol. 14, No. 1/2 (2001)

Threeorchidswere subsequently named from reputedHuegel c olleclions- Elythranthera brunonis (Endl.) A.S. George(as G/ossodia brunonis,byErfi\cher 1839),Thelymitraleaosa Endl. (Endlicher 1,839)and, Caladenia huegelii H.G. Reichb.(Reichenbach 1871). The type sheetof the latter species actually has three specieson it - lypical C. huegelii (as lectotypified by Hopper and M. Clementsin Clements(1989), not by George(1971a)), C. paludosaHopper & A.P. Br. and C. ensaraNicholls (not C. longiclavataE.Colemanvar.longiclay4ldas stated by George 197 7a). Only two ofthesefive species (E. brunonis and C. paludosa) have been collectedor recordedflowering as late as late November. Hence,it seemshighly improbablethat Huegel collectedany of theseorchids himself. It is likely, in fact, that the Drummord family may well havegiven dried specimensof someor all of thesespecies to Huegel,given their enthusiasmrecounted above for the local flora of the Swan River. Huegel and JamesDrummond knew eachother well enoughfor Huegel to be included among the subscribersto Drummond's future collections of seedsin the early 1840s.

In July 1835, George Moore and Lady Stirling received letters from Captain Mangles seeking assistancein obtaining seedsand live plants from WesternAustralia. Moore was aware that James Drummond and his son Johnston,therl residentin the HelenaValley, were collecting seedsof native plantsforshipment andsale at Capetown.Moore purchased100 packets of seedsfrom the Drummonds and shippedthem immediatelyback to Mangles. Late in 1835an enthusiasticreply was received requestingmore material.

In themeantime, on September18, James Drummond independently wrote to Manglesoffering to collect seedsand specimensfor payment. A sample of seedsof severalspecies was included with Drummond'sletter. Mangles forwarded the letteron to DrJohnLindley, ProfessorofBotany ofLondon University, Secretaryof the Horticultural Society, and renownedorchidologist, who wrote back to Manglesin December1836 in favourof the idea:

"l think good Swan River specimenswould sell for two poundsper 100 papers,that is the marketprice for suchthings. Probablya dozenpurchasers at leastwould be found. But as it is not known how Drummond would preparethe specimensI recommendhim to send2 or 3 setsof 100or 150each upon trial. I will takeone set. We horticultuml people wish for ten pound worth of seedsand bulbs as a venture. Nothing but very handsomethings will do, we would ratherhave a good deal of seedof a very few sorts thana little seedofa goodmany sorts. lfthe seedsuitus, we may be very goodcustomers.,,

Manglesresponded immediately to Drummond's letterofSeptember 1835 requesting, among other things,all kinds oforchids. Thus beganDrurnmond's career as a major commercialcollector ofsouth- westernflora, with an initial focus on orchids.

In 1836he prepareda box of orchidtuberoids for shipment.They perishedon thevoyage to I.ondon, as he suspectedthey would, and insectsconsumed all the seedssent as well. Undeterred,Drummond wrote again on 23 August 1836 offering his servicesas a collector:

"If you can procureme someorders to enableme to live in the bush I will sendyou specimensand seeds,mosses and insectsetc. until you are tired of them"

It would be a yearlater in September1837 before Drummond receivedlette$ of supportfrom both Mangles and Lindley. At this stage,he was given no idea that Mangles was losing interest in his commercial collectins activitv. 's1s1ueloqqsq8ug Suour€Joloelloc e su ecueyodrurs,puourunrq 'rueqt peuurlJeuorlcefioc eqJ uonmJlqndJoJ eseql Jo eurosJo suorlducsepparcderd delpurl Suoue ereueSpue serceds,tau duurupurJ ol pelq811epsu,t oq,r'felput-I JO ol uo ureqlpepueq sefuull 'ggg1 'ralo,roH ur dpue dlqs u:n1e:eq1 uo suarulcedspayp Jo uorlJellot ISJIJs,puourruruC 3ur^recal uo

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'I

In September1838, GeorgeFletcher Moore was advisedin a letter from Mangles that the latter wishedto terminatehis seedorders. Drummondwas notso adviseduntil afterthe departurefor England of theJoshua Carrol/ on 8 December1838. On board was a major consignmentofseeds,live plants and dried specimens,consigned by Drummond at his own cost to Mangles. Also, Lady Stirling forwarded GeorgianaMolloy's collections on the sameboat.

Drummond, perplexedby the changeofinterest ofMangles, was powerlessto recall or redirecthis shipment. After arriving at Mangles' door early in 1839,it endedup in the handsof Dr Lindley, who securedthe volunteer servicesof a young GeorgeBentham to divide the collection up and distribute rt.

Lindley was pleasedto receivethe new material from Drummond and MIS Molloy, as he had yet to finalise his manuscriptdescribing plants from the Swan River Colony, and severalmore new taxa were amongthose presented to him. Drummond was not to know the fate ofthese specimensfor some time yet.

Meanwhile, in a letter dated28 May 1839 to Hooker, Drumrnond indicatedthat he had decided to make anothersubstantial collection (ten setsof 1000 species)the coming spring, in the hope that subscriberscould be found. He indicatedin the letter that he had already gatheredsome 60 species "a of Orchidaceae,and that zealousyoung Germanbotanist - a Mr Preiss,had lately arrived here".

JohannAugust Ludwig Preiss(1811-1883), was the only notableEuropean collector oforchids in the early colonial phase. His south-westemAustralian specimenswere labelled with locality information and the dateofcollection, enablingsome of his movementsto be tracedwith considerable accuracy(Marchant 1990).Preiss's orchid collectionswere written up by Endlicher(1846) in a multi- "Plantae authoredtwo-volume work Preissianae"edited by ProfessorLehmann of Hamburg. By the time this work was published,most of the speciescollected by Preisshad already beendescribed by Lindley (1840)from Drummond'scollections.

The earliestorchid collectionof Preisscited in this work is of Calad.eniaunguiculatal= Cyanicula d.eformislobtained on 19 January1839 from woodlandnear the Limekiln (vicinity of Subiaco),Perth. Preisssubsequently made orchid collectionsin Juneat Lake Monger,July at the CanningRiver, Guildford and Darling Scarp cataractson SusannahBrook, and August on Rottnest Island before venturingeastwards to York in lateAugust to earlySeptember. On retumingto Perth,on 23 September 1839,Preiss collected the type of Elythranthera brunonis in woodland on sand.He made a few more orchid collectionsnear to Perthin the ensuingmonths before venturing toAlbany, wherehis first orchid collection was of Cryptostylisovata from StrawberryHill on 9 January1840.

I-ater in 1840,Preiss collected orchids ftom Albany and the granite inselbergWillyung nearbyto the nofih. The most importantof thesespecimens was the type ofCaladenia nara, collectedfrom Mt Clarenceon 5 October 1840.Back in Perth in 1841,Preiss made a couple of orchid collectionsfrom the Darling Range, including a small variant of Cqladenia longicauda Lindley which Endlicher recognizedas forma humilior (possiblyC. longicauclasubsp. clivicolaHopper & A.p.Br.). This was an important early insight ftom a Europeantaxonomist that therewas actually infraspecificvariation in a speciesof south-westAustralian orchid which many subsequentauthors would subsumein unworkably broad conceptsof polymorphic Australian orchid species.

In June 1839, Drummond wrote a long letter describingthe plants to be seenbetween Fremantle and Perth. The letter was publishedin 1840 in Hooker's Joumal. Drummond indicatedthat between

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'!u^{org ,{rolsrH [ ,{Soloprqro u?llerlsnv lllltsey'd dV puE raddoH CS lr'a)tria Vol. 14, No. 1/2 (2001)

Cyanicula andCaladenia subg.DrakonorchisHopper & A.P. Br. (Hopper & Brown 2000) asdistinct generaftomCaladenia. By the endofthe 1839spring, however, Drummond hadceased corresponding with Mangles, and was to lose interestin making further substantialcollections of orchids.

Understandably,therc must have been a mixture of pleasureand constemationwhen Drummond "A finally receiveda copy of Lindley's Sketchof the Vegetationof the Swan River Colony", which was publishedearly in 1840and drew heavily on Drummond's lettersand his paperon the underground structuresof Swan River orchids.

Lindley, working with dried specimensand without the insightsof seeingliving plants,described some50 species,not 60-70. He also did notrecognizeCyanicula andCalqdenia subg.Drakonorchis asgenera distinct from Caladenia. He did, however,recognize most ofwhat Drummond senthim as distinct, and this must have pleasedDrummond.

Nevertheless,in a letter to Hooker dated 13 April 1842, Drummond expressedconcern at how Lindley had lumped speciesof kangaroopaw (Anigozanthos)and Drakaea Lindley that to him were perfectly distinct and good specieswhen seenas living plants (seeopening quotation). In the same letter he descdbeda specimet of Calochjlas R. Br. found nearToodyay, "the only individual I have ever found of a most curious orchideousplant".

Drummond's waning interest in orchids was evident, but he did make one further interesting discovery in the spring of 1844 while travelling north of Toodyay to the vicinity of Lake Moore. In a bdef sentence,he unmistakablydescribes his discoveryof Calad.eniad.rakeoides Hopper & A.P. Br.

"Near our first bivouac I gathereda singular Orchidaceousplant having the hinged Iower lip of Drakea but with other characterswhich will probably refer it to the same genuswith 861 of my largecollection: only threeplants could be detectedin flower and one of them I put into spirits as you directed. Our presentmode of travelling is not favourable for collecting Orchidaceaewhich require close investigation of partjcular spotsin order to detectthem ..."

Drummond's collection number861 is the type specimenof Caladeniabarbqrossa H.G. Reichb., gatherednear Toodyay in 1839.

Taxonomic concepts

Our taxonomic conceptsare describedbelow. Few authorshave provided such information in previouspublications dealingwith Australianorchids. Fitzgerald(1888) was a notableexception (see his discussionof Caladenia dilatata and C. patersonii). More recently, Clements(1989) provided a brief accountof his conceptsof taxonomic mnk.

An explicit statementof conceptsis essentialfor the scientific evaluationof a taxonomic work. Without it, future readen are unable to unde$tand accuratelythe hypothesesunderlying the names provided,and cdtical testingofsuch hypothesesis rendereddifficult. While we acceptthat an element of subjectivity is part of all scientific inquiry, the best works in the field are thosethat presentideas and data in a way that ensuresthat they can be examinedcritically and testedby other workers. '(8uoJ,tr elp seur8al 3urra1e,r,r.ro erg lnoqr sessenSlerlrur;r sprqcroer{l Jo lueurJlop eqt ot uego) reUESurlool ors .(eqtl€I{t osoluawo1lt31o s1ue1drelncrged eql yo seynqullelect?o1otq eql eJe lzq^\ dllr€xe se^lesueql JoJ lno purJ 01 pecJoJeJ€ re.,nor8eql pue re8eueuruorlp^resuoJ oql qtog asuaspeorqeqt u\ osotuaaoly' 3;o ere suaunceds1eq1 s1 smoul ra,ror8 eqt IIe Jl tclperd ',{lJelrrurs ol llnJgJrp s1s1ue1d pelu,rqyn: ro; eur8er Surrele,ra.eleudordde eql edecspueleql ur ,rol stBUpoSSol.lalen -dlpuos€es ol'secueurure lseq8tq eql uo sllos poulerp-llo^\tuo{ ?uIql,{ueeq plnoc 'pouad perdnccolzlrqeq eqt puE qluoru xrs e re,roeurl due eq plnoc uosuesSuue.^dou eql leql elef,rpur 'eJu€lsur 'saur?eJ plno^\ ernlBrolllorll osneJaq JoJ eJrJlnoqs pourocuoJroAeuuur € o1dleq lecrlrtrd optrt 'tll'suas sepr,rorde,,ueser uorlel.resuoc B uo sr DsoJuawDly'J lerp Sur,r\otr) lseoJqlnos eqlJo seunp 'uor8er pelepJlosuocuo .{Jlunoc11e;urer lseqBrq eql ul slueld8uue,troU reruurns f,pee o1 lerolsudpuu eq1 'selSoloueqd ur puelur lle,r sdorclno altuerSelourer uo slueld Suue,trogrelult,t luo4 pue secueJelol 1ect8o1oceesre,rlp;o suoqelndod sepnlc:.lr osouawol! oluapa1z1;oldacuoc puo.rq e'aldurexe rog

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sa!Jadsqnspue salJads

'u.,'1org &otsrH I l3oloprqcrouellersnv ulatsoiA dV pu" reddoH CS Nu)rsia Vol. 14, No. 1/2 (2001)

The poor predicability of such a broad speciesconcept cortrasts with that in our treatmentof the Caladenia filamentos4 complex. Land managersororchid growerswill know, forexample,ifthey have plantsofC. abbreviataHopper & A.P. Br., that they arelate-flowering denizensofsouth-coastal dune country requidng good soil moisture conditions. C. remota Hopper & A.P. Br. is a winter/spring flowering inhabitant of inland arid zone granite rocks subjectedto prolonged periods of dry soil. C. dimidia Hopper & A.P. Br. occursin the wheatbelton good soils, etc.

To highlight another significant implication of the speciesconcept adopted, a broad view of Caladenia filamentosa gives no suggestion of conservation problems, becausemembers of the complex range all acrosssouthem Australia, and someate abundantin conservationreserves. Even if rare infraspecific taxa are recognizedsuch as George's (1971a) concept of C. filamentosa vat. d.orrienii (Domin) A.S. George,they will not featurein the national list of rare and threatenedplants (kigh & Briggs 1996) becauseit includesonly species.

In contrast,our treatmentsegregates outftomthe Calodeniafr.lamentoso R. Br. complex several common well-reservedspecies but also a few that arerare, su ch as C. dorrieniiDomin andC. elegans Hopper&A.P. Br. ( Hopperetal.1.990;Brown etcl. 1998).Ifourconcepts are followed, these threatened plantswill receivethe attentionthey deservefrom authorssuch as Green (1985) and Leigh & Briggs (1996) who ignore infraspecific taxa.

Ofcourse, we do not advocatethe elevationofall infraspecifictaxa to specificrank for this reason. Such an approachleads to unacceptablynarrow speciesand an often unworkable taxonomy (see below). But where taxa meet our biological criteria regarding strong reproductive isolation in sympatry, and are morphologically distinct, speciesrank is consideredmost apPropriate.

Perhapsthe legacy of greatestconcem regardingpast conceptsof polymorphic Australian orchid speciesis the diminished value of much of the information in the popular and scientific literature. Almostwithout exception,previous authors, despite makingmeticulous observations overconsiderable periods, have used names like Cqladenia filamentosa ot C. patersonii without citing voucher specimensnor even giving preciselocations from where their material came.

This seriousoversight recurs in popularbooksand field guides(e.g. Pelloe 1930; Blackall & Grieve 1954; Erickson 1965; Nicholls 1969; George & Foote (undated);Cady & Rotherham 1970; Clyne 1970; Pocock 1972; Hoffman & Brown 1984; Woolcock & Woolcock 1984; Jones 1988; Bennett 1988;Bates & Weber 1990). Perhapseven more unexpectedly,voucher specimensare rarely cited in scientific studiesof south-westernorchids dealing with mycorrhizal fungi (Warcup 1971; Ramsay et al. 1986),pollinators(Sargent 1907; Sto]utami-:,e 1974,7975, 1981, 1983; Bates1979; Peakall 1984, 1988, 1989; Peakall & James 1989b), chromosomenumbers (Peakall & James1989a),or hybrids (Hopper1973, 1979; Heberle 1982).

Without voucher specimens,it is often difficult or impossible to relate much valuable and expensively-acquireddatato the species segregated out from speciescomplexesby previoustaxonomists or ourselves.Conflicting resultsobtained by researchersworking on the sametopic may be due to the fact that they are working on different specieswithin a complex. One only has to read the various attemptsof authorsto describebroadly-conceived species s\ch as Caladeniafilamentosa sens.lat, to appreciatethis problem.

In many ways, the developmentofconcepts regarding these orchid speciescomplexes parallel that describedby Hillis e/ aL (1983) for the American LeopardFrogs (theRana pipiens complex). These -:

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'(6961) s1ueue13fq peleco,rpesu sercedsueql reqlel sercedsqnsse 'Jleqluollcrluor pal€eJllsoqole?zllC Urrlun,pu? Ipugouou JnoelUopun suollsreprsuoc JBInurS 'sercedsse uuql raqler sarcodsqns se exel asaqlprsAaJ ol rsetu€tsurncrcq"ns ul'elsrrdo:dduerorusruees 'dupe,ro;o 1y dluregec:eluer8 qll^\ pezJuSoJereq usc exel or{l euoz eql ruor; pe,touar suorlelndod reqlo ul pueqeql ul sJolt\ouqse{ qlr^\ ue^e'qloqJo suawwa '3 nopnoc8uo| 'S esrrduoc,{eq1;re:ns 'suollElndod 'd11zcr3o1oqfuour ueeqlou eABqo,{\ ,{ueuruI deFa,roso?uur rleql eroq,{laper8Jelur pue 'I repu.qs ,{re,r eJB BXBIaseql luql ,rroqs solpnts JnO sercedslcurlsrp se seuol O trl tuelJ hl 'aldupxa (ulttoq) suawwa J pue lpur"I opnprt8uol oluapop) pepruBer(6961) slueuelC JoC

'soseJsuos ul sldacuot sorceds,trorruu ,fte,r Surlecorrpe ',trerl dq furouoxul Jleql Jo sJesnJoJ surelqoJd,fiessaceuun eleerc (uu puv rno ur ?ururellsuoc 'sprqrro ool sl qJeoJddesrqJ {uer lse^\ol peJJeJerdeq1 se sercadsSurJnoAeJ uerlerlsnvJo slueulueJl rroql ur uxul cJJJcedse{uJ,{\oJ trre^ pe4uSocar(9661 'I66I) souol puu (686I) slueuel] ',{lSuDserelul '&oSatec '€xel eler.ldorddeeql ss selcodsqnsesn peolsur pue clJrcadsBqur.rog ,{1erre,t 3o quer eql Sursnpepro,re e,req e,r'serceds se pazruSoce.Ltrou uxel,{ueru JoJ serlelJEAJo esn lsBd eqlJo esnBceg s I 'pe,r1o,turs1ue1d 'uorleArllnc orll Jo dpnls pue uorle^resuoc eql ecuulpe flqereprsuoc IIr,^i.leql suonecrldrrrrpcpourd I lueclJluAIso^eq spJqrJo eseql roJ sldeJuoc crurouoxBl rno leql Jeprsuoro1t\'xoldruoc 3o.r3 prudoal eq1;o 'Brlu:]snV uoDnloseJleurJ eq] qlr,r sV u:elso,r-qlnosu! sex?1duocraqlo lere,resro; peleedareq ppoc xeyduroc'rg 'A osoluawol{ ouapoloC aqt u sldecuocserceds ro; eloq€ pelr€lepsuorlenlls ar{J

'serceds 'slueurredxe (crdfldlod) eruuseql Sursne:oar,.{eq1 1eq1 Surgode: 1nq :ra$ roJ selJads I luaJeJJrpEursn s:oq eoselSursoddo dq elqelunoJcesen {ro^\ raqrealo slynser3urprUuoJ eql Jo qf,nry a '(peztuSocer rrrouere 97) s?oq predoelgoserceds lcu4srp snoJeunu peepu erel\ a:ar{lleql uollesltueJ l 'salnqu ',ftolrpn€ 'lsrr8otoqdroru aql 01 Eurp€al p e,rrpnporde: puB lecruoqoorq a,rqcurls-rppeq 'uo11zs1puqdq 'o.r?^\ ex€l esaqJ ou ro eplq q1r,,rdrledurds ut perrnJcoleql exel ,{upruIJBJ ur ereqllsql peqsllqelses0/6Ipuus0g6IoqtuIUo.tlplalJellsuolur're^e^\oH's0g6Ipuus0t6IeqlulslslSolooz alerqegaaSuoulu ,{cuepuecseol asor ldecuoc sercedscrdd1f,1od eql sBrnoJ ol pernpeJsu^,\ Jeqrunu '6961 eq1 fq sarpnlspcrSoloqfuoru leuo4ua,ruoc uor; xelduroceql ur peqrJJsapuaoq puq saroedsZI 'suorgess? 'slururue q?noq11y snoruoruuJepue sqnsa:Suprlguoc qtr,r u?lJo eseqllnoqt uelllJA ere^\ slededJrJrluonssnoJounN'slsrAolorsdqdlecrSolooz;osuorleJeueSroJloolprepuelseqleJe,rsleturue

ruaorg diolsrH I trSolopqcrouerl?rtsnv uralso/d dV puDleddoH CS NuytsiaVol. 14, No. 1/2 (2001)

Hybrids

Some south-westernorchid hybrids are spectacular,readily identified and often encountered. Othersare rare, and warrant specialprotection. Many found by orchid enthusiastscause considerable identification problems because,hitherto, they have largely been ignored in published works on WesternAustmlian orchids (other than by Hopper 1979; Heberle 1982).

For thesereasons, hybrids are recognizedand named formally by us if they occur as sporadic individuals among mixed populations of likely parental taxa, and where their flowers are clearly "x" intermediatebetween those oftheir presumedparents. The presenceofan precedinga species'name denotesits presumedhybrid status.

We havenot formally namedhybridswherc their identification is rendereddifficult by the presence of backcrossesin many populations,so that a completetransition in form occurs from one spgciesto the other.In suchsituations, reference to hybrids is prefenedby the conventionalformula ofthe names of the parentaltaxa linked by an "x"

Gen€ra

Since the early 1980s, we have been examining generic relationships in Australian orchids. Initially, new genera were recognized on the basis of detailed numerical taxonomic studies of Australasianand SouthAmerican terrestrialgenera (Hopper, unpubl. ms). This work establishedthe presenceof some segregategenera within Caladenia sens lat., and also identified the generic distinctnessofwhat is now known as-QrorclrisD.L. Jones& M.A. Clementsfrom typicalLyperanthus.

We informally publishedour conclusionson genericmatte$ in colour field guidesto enablewide scrutiny of our conceptsbefore formal publication(Hoffman & Brown 1992, 1998). We arguedfor a reducedcircumscriptior' of Caladenia,with the reinstatementof Leptoceras(R. Br.) Lindley and the erectionofthree new genera,Cyanicula,PraecoxanthusHopper & A,P,Br. andDrakonorchis. YJe also prcposed lhat Lyperanthus nigricans R. Br. and Z. forrestii F. Muell. be transfered to the genus Burnettia Lindl., blutsubsequently (in ms.) proposedto erecta new genus. This latter conclusionwas supportedand overtakenby Jones& Clements' (1994) descriptionof Pyrorchis.

Recent DNA sequencestudies of the Orchidaceae,including the Diurideae and the Caladenia alliance in particular (Kores er al. 2000, 2001), haveaffirrned our proposalsexcept for Drakonorchis which appeanto be deeplyembedded w ithin Caladenia(Figure 2). Elsewhere(Hopper & Brown 2000) we formally describedCyanicula andPraecomnthus, and presenteda new subgenericclassification of CaladeniaR. Br. in which five subgenerawere recognized,three previously regardedas sections of the genusby Bentham(1873) and two newly namedas C. slbg. Drakonorchrs Hopper & A.P. Br. and C. s\bg. ElevataeHopper & A.P. Br. A key to all generacurrently recognizedin south-western Australia is siven below.

Key to genera of south-westAustralian orchidaceae

1. Subterraneanhe$s, saprophytic.Inflorescence a many-flowered capitulum...... Rhizanthella 1 : Terrestrialherbs with leavesand flowers abovegrcund, nrely saprophytic. Inflorescencea raceme ruynpuelS.rouale^elJ lou'poNnJu,rop ol lBtuozlloqsl€lad :tt se.racoldel .''eJlluesurSJEru'snoJerrJnu rllEJ'paqolqrunlleqsl ueerSse,real:91 ellaJoda.I elerrqurrlsurireru 'rIIBc8uD{Jel 'F^o flesre^suL,rlun11eqe1 seduls pet qlln uaar8se,real 91 J?lnpuelS,{llBnsn 'el€AEIc 'lceJe sleled 'tl 'uuoJrpasul euruel uPr{tJeuoqs qrnu ,^^up lou unlleqe.I :I I eaelnJlds sr?^\ogeJorulotqll^\'dqsogsed€Js:ZI EUEJIBJSJBd qtnod z ! Sururro; s8ur,t pe8JBlue-qcnuq1t,tr pue Surpuacsop{yenb1lqo uurnloC qcnol uo Sunrdsfle^rlce'pa8ulq ^\elc Iunlleqe-I :€I lou S "" BaerIBJ(I peqcnod1ou s8ur,tr relncunu mouuu qlrl\ pue spJ?/^dn ! Sur,rrncurunlo3 'elqour ,{le,rrssedpue peSurq,trep unllequ-I 'gI ( ',{rr,n' .71 (sre,nogg 1-7 rrsaor(JT ldecxe) sra,,rrog(g)1 qt1,tr sedecg 5 uuruel se q13ue1rues J /dlllJ:uloJtlJesurunlloqc-I .II I 3uo1qoo1 a1e,ro ,{11unsn 'snorqe13 ,lute^es ol ,{tu111osse,reel :4 sluapeluJ (4urd sarurleruos)a^oqe ueql reqlo,{llunsn sra,rog ilJor peSrelue luseq 5 ue qlr^\ srr€tl iecrunl pete,{e1,na; s ut poseruo,{11ut1red sproreqn; :g s " "" BJaqtuBfCX lser eql ueqlre8rel qcnu puu 1ucgpur1,{c,{11crq1 rred ( 'srrud leseqeql 71 e ur r11e3 eldrndqsrlurd sledas pup sl€led :0I """",{1lecrdu e1nr1uu,{3 euruel eql Jo esuqeql tuolJ azrsur Surseercep,{11unpu.r8 t 'snoreunu rlluC (e1rq,trro,trol1e,{ r(1orer) enlq sledespuu sleled .0I euruey3uo1e snore(unu r11e3 l1npsledes pue syeled ;o ece;rnsJeddn :6 Breqlu?rql,{19 "" . '.'...lesEq 'pe8relue'7 .6 : 111e3 dssop sludaspuu s1e1edyo ece;rnsraddn ro eld:nd 'en1qfllensn sre.tog :llec lurd IBseq l pe?re1ua3ur1ce1 srpq :ucrunl pere,{ep11nruE ul pesocuesproJeqnJ g 'etnsJ[l ',fuzlrlos ruaurl ,{llensn se^€e.I / polcuJluoJlou'eldturs erurTlod utunloc o1 pesserdde ,{lasop 1ou ueql 'pulurpl ql8uel eulesJr uBqlteuoqs qcnru ,{ypnsn,ne1c unlleqe.I :g 'pelecue^rp 'utunloJ snllqJoFg salJrpnpcolur pelcprluoc lsotule prurllod o1pessetdde ,{lesolc 'eurrupJ se r{l8ualetues'c,lnplc unllaqc-I .9 reqluu se qt8uel eruus r eu8r1g 3ur11nqe1ou s?ur,truunloc uo (lueserd;r) salcuny oo{ Iedasl?slop puz slelad :g "" s!;,{lsoJald JoqlueJo qlSuel ecr. l ueq} e.rorueru8pg raqluego luor; ur 3ut11nqes8u1,,r urunloc uo selcrJnv 'urunloc .S Sursolcuepooq e uuoJ o1pelrun ledes IusJoppue sltlod peJnpeJJo luesq8 unrprcsr^ .t :BrpouruBlseer; Surlcuy'JI€l luru S ueql ra3uol ,(llensnuunloC (sryrycottg ydecxa) ',{llenuu€ luesqe alorled :edEJseql ?urpuelqns paJ?[deJse^ee-I :g s!1.{tsotd,&C " " 3uo1urc g1-7 eloqad 'lEruueJad :edeJs?uue,rog ol luacefpeproraqnl uor; Sursue se^?e-I .g pedeqs-1eq1ou s.ra,trolC sptoJeqnl tuels-lool qll^\ tueld :Z 'setuozqr .Z BlpoJlsBC pedeqs-lloqsla,i(old qlr.{\lupld

'u./!\org &otsrH I ,{Soloprqrio uerletsnv Ulrlse/v\ dV pu? teddoH (S Nurtsiavot. 14, No. 1/2 (2001)

16. Dorsal sepalhooded over column 17. Flowerssessile, solitary...... Corybas 17: Flowers bome on a scape,few to many 18. kaf fleshy, ovate. Labellum lamina with prominent fleshy longitudinalridges and sparsesmall hemispherical cal1i...... pyrorchis 18: l,eaf thin, linear. Labellum lamina lacking ridges and calli denselyclustered, incudiform, pyramidal, cylindrical to irregularly oblong and serrateon top or hemispherical...... -..... Lyperanthus 16: Dorsal sepalheld erect splaying away from column 19. Scapesubtended by a fully developedbasal leaf, many-flowered. Labellumglabrous...... Cyrtostylis l9: Scapesubtended by a reducedbracflike basalleaf, l-flowered. Labellumwith calli...-...... praecoxanthus 4: Column absentor shofier than 5 mm, with prominent ftee or united (mitral) staminodia;viscidium present 20. l,eavesterete or tubular 21. Labellumon lowerside of flower,below dorsal sepal...... Microtis 21: Labellumon upperside offlower, abovedorsal sepal 22. l*af well developedbeyond point of departurefrom scape. Labellumimmobile. Columnwith no basalfoot. Antherheld vertically and attacheddorsally at the base,with a poorly developedrostrum ...... Prasophyllum 22: I*af reduced,and bract-like beyondpoint of departurefrom scape. Labellum highly mobile. Column with a prominent curved basal foot. Anther held obliquely erect or horizontal and attacheddorsally at the apex,with a stronglydeveloped rostrum...... Genoplesium 20: Leaves channelled,distichous or flat 23. Lsaves 2 to many. Labellum prominently trilobed. Anther and stigma E sessileon ovaryroof; staminodiafree, not cucullate..,,., ...... Diuris B 23: Leaf solitary. Labellum not prominently trilobed. Anther and stigma on a short column; staminodiaunited into a cucullate mitra or free 24. Labellum petalJike, lacking appendages Thelymitra 24: I-abellum clawed, with basal calli or denselyhirsute 25. Labellum samesize as petalsand sepals,glabrous except for c basalca11i...... Epiblema 25: Labellumlonger than petals and sepals,densely hirsute...... Calochilus

Acknowledgements

The intensivetaxonomic researchon which this paper is basedspans two decades,and aroseout of a pilot mapping project on south-westemorchids conductedin collaborationwith membersof the WestemAustralianNative Orchid Study and ConservationGroup. We aregmtefulto many colleagues for assistancein this work, including Garry Brockman,Eric Chapman,Mark Clements,Chris French, -''T

tqued :luaoo8eull^lpu?'I pulr uortD^rosuoJJo tucuu8doc) f,ruo8v sorle^resuo3 '! olntsN u?lprtsnv'lrun sercedspereSu€pug oql ol uoder I?ulJ 6I oN polord dsg VJNV splqrro uEIIeIsnV 'soleoJ 'S 'srre}sre3 S1 ru.lseiA p.uelserqlpue eru o^!JJo .{SoloJauoqelndod pue scrouof uollE^r.suoJ(n66I) fO d' 'gzl el I DdDd snoautnarsiNuo\olrossv otno! pun orol! snouaSlpul?rlelsnv uols?a lr qlnosuro{ (eeecsplq6) 4 a otpotsop pttE )g i sutotSotlq)')g Eol apoto} ul sxel ,r\oN (toot) ,ffC'rj*C 'Llt 6tl .\9)9 ouallanw 'rrlpqsnv 'sotp/A 't 'uBI) qlnos ^\eN prrr Euoprn tuog (.eeruplqcro) ry oluapDlo)Jo salcods^\oN (886I) ,.'4C 'I6I rE '(oroc?plqrro) 'uB:) -Eg1 :(d9 ouananl/,lErtEr]sny orrr^ ruo4 solcods^\au B DlosDtoxDluapDl') (986I) ,^Ac ('troup,{S:ssardcruepecv) 9II 6/ dd.,ul?rtsnv ul stueldpu? oldood,, (spa)IaDS.llE)t fC'r?J.rl o-rorprsllrqe'IJo suoltcaltoc oqJ aJrrpauueqr V 1qI86I) tC'rrult t{CS'ue:) (,{eup,{S:ssord rluropDcv) .. ele4snv ur slueldpue atdoad,, (spr) (et86t) },iCS'ueJ T'I('ue3 'l'trpeJ tIeupIS:peau l\.v ?t HV)..inoloJ u! splq.ro o^lr?Nue!le!snv,, (0/6t) XS'uEqroqlout '06 tL :09 nu ^nv j,t]',A4Io iDpos pha 'puBlst aWlo lounof Et]|P"\snvuletsot Soyrg 1:16 Jo eunq pue tlou oqJ 1816I) sv'e8rooc ?i vV'o8prqrng ( uopuo'I :rot,iED ,, S08t-208t sruue 'u^\org senbunlelurld seretcPrertrsueqrqxo uelu?rc-u?A eelnsul to oelpu?lloHo?^oN oBrolJ snurorpord,, (0lgt) f ( ouroJ :tururodDuet\lpue-I pu? uonPNosuoJ isucc-uosuJoql"dV'u^\org Jo tu.rttlled.c) .. erotc pcucrsorqJs.?lt!4snv uratsetA,,(8661) cN lueqrreN d' J .leloorg ( eunoqtat{:ssord qqut) z lo^,,srd,tlt3ngot eprn5pt"rc,, (ooot) V'C'Srurrl) t'Hrr{ '68t I :(l)8 ,rs/{r/y' urn{snv uletse,^dul (oeec?urr\t- uepv]!^{aoaadsl^a1 saees g) solrodspol e psu'nunp g'oopuo sadqorhgJo uorsr^errtluouoxnt y (t66t) C'S'reddoH? HIII'reloorg '(osurruoppleo Ee-91 tlt Kuotoglo lt lnof uollt1ttsllv :opo.pp!q.ro)sluolSollqJ Jo serrodso^rtdocop lllenxos ur uortelosra^lt.npordar p.lelpaur-rol8ulllod Jo uoltlrJlsuouoc(966t) JJ lo^\og 'LgEjgt:tL uoryotproaqJ ,{ruouoxul^{ou oql Jo erucJoput (S66!) IC'rr^{og 8CC-t€f :0t uDrynpro )4J (:n:ocprql6) o0ulluapplp)aqutqns ag ur sprqrroa^rtderap trll?nxas Jo,{uiouoxvl aqt u! sroleurllodJo asneqJ (266t) lJ !0,{og .egz_gLz tn anuD.ltaH 1o11o4DNsalrll qtnos {lloxnlg / aN aW worl suoqnqlrrL/oJerlerlsnv ur (epe.pprq.ro)uouaS petelar pue lleny{ C sn1.11lcott!uy(726) d d ( spuElpoN:ssord PrlPrlsnv urotse,{Jo {tlsra^!un)I uxd 4 sro^{ouptr^\uellerlsnv urotseiA,{\ou) ot ^roH, (t961) tg'o^euCt At ltplrElg 'I) CpoJqsv:oo d' o^.ou g6E-Lgz:g IoA .!slsuelt?lsnv erolJ,, .u/ enaplqrroxxc ropro (€/8t) D'uDqtucg ')tr?d (quod :preog+e6 s8ury)q ?ltE4snvuratsey' s8ur) Jo stuEldpuelqsng et{L, (8!,6t) t{g'lleuueg '( 'Dq.,^A apralopvluud t,^oD) rllpl]snv qlnos Jo sprq.ro (066I) zf ? U'sol?g tS-6V :tt u.,rrpt rtuDtog JTQLVV )qt Jo tDulnot 'uxpl ^{euo^{t Jo uorldDrsepaqt qlra erlerlsnvuretso,r^ ul (aca.eplqr.ro)storrrl,{ snur8a$ uo satoN(066!) !'soleg 'sctB{ nn-Zn t() toulnor Dtt tsnv VnoSlo tarros plttito a^tDN rg d snltqotl7 snua8aqJ (686I) U '68-Sn :L uaplDD r1llDtog aPlDt?pV a1flo lolunol A8o'otquo setoupup uorsr^arrlurouoxel e :(eraceprqr:6)tg \ sltorrtt4tsnur8 eql 1t86t) U'srlpg '0I-6 :(It)e tr!)nor Dlo4snv qtnos 'sot8g Io {Dlros plqxto adr,/rNsrol8ul od tue slt pxp Dt,uqw{ Dtp)odaj Ot up.d- sprqrroJo uortrur od (6/6t) U 'poo^lSurloJ ( aunoqtet\t :,{leoos,{uBtogtrl)euatsds uElerlsnv) 98-rg dd.,ErsElerlsnvur ,(uEloarrlEuets,{S Jo ']loqs 'slsunllncuoq &olsrH,,(.pe) S d :r1 ?lou uerprtsnvoql Jo uollntuouncop,{lrEo .ql ur sr.qlo puesroroldxo 'srolrellor 'ro{rDg 'r.U?g Jo uoltluSorarpu? eloi .ql :pe{ooFe^osuoltnqlrtuor prru?toA (066I) U IA T I^l U

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'I 'u,{ora tz fuolsrH {Soloprqrrouerlelsnv urotsa/\A dV pu? raddoH CS NuytsrcVol. 14. No. l/2 (2001)

Clements,M.A. (1989).Catalogue ofAustralian Orch\daceae. Australian Orchid Research | 1-160. Clements,M.A. & George,A.S. (undaled). Report ofthe Australian Orchjd Foundation expedition to WestemAustraliaAugust 1980.(Natiooal Botanic Gardens: Canbe.ra.) Coleman,E. (1930).A ne\r Caladenia.Victoian Natuftilist 461796-797. C.isp, M.D. (1993). Reinstatemenlof Sphderolohium,fliur (Fabaceae:Mirbelieae). Telopea 5(2)t 335140. Curry,S. & Maslin,B.R. (1990).Cunningham's collecting localities while bolaniston LieutenantPhillip ParkerKjng's surveyof coastalAuslnlia, December1817 lo April 1822.In: Shott,P.S. (ed.) "History of SystematjcBotany in Auslralasia."pp. 137-148.(Auslralian Systematic Botany Society: Collingwood, Melboume.) Diels,L. (1906,lranslaled by D.J.Can 1981).Extra-lropical Westem Australia. /n. Carr,D.J. & S.G.M.Can (eds)"People H( and Plantsin Australia."pp.47-78. (AcademicPress: Sydney.) H( Djxon, K.w. & Pate,J.S. (1984). Biology and distribulionalsl^trrs of Rhizanthellagardneri Rogers,lhe western AustraljanUnderground Orchid. Kings Park ResearchNotes 9: 1-54. Jol Dixon, K.W., Pale,J.S. & Kuo, J. (1990).The WestemAuslnlian subte aneanorchid Rhizanthella ga neri Roeet.. Jor "Orchid /nr Arditti, J. (cd.) Biology, Revicwsand Pcrspectjves."pp.3752. (Comell UniversityPress: Ilhaca.) Jor jn Dockill, A.W. (1995).Comments about the new taxonomy reply to Dr C. Bower.The Orchadian1.1.: 4'72473. Jor Domin, K. (1912).Addilions to the flora of Weslernand Norlb-WestemAustralia. Orchidaceac. Linnean Society's Jor Journal ol Botany 41. 247-254.

Drummond,J. (1838).Remarks on the roolsof someoI the terrcstrialO.chidcae of Australiafound in the neighbourhood Ke of the Swan Rivet. Gardener'sMagazine (l a]|don) 14 425. Drummond,J. (1842).Botanical intelligence from the Swan River.Journal of Botany,Lorulon 1: 628-435. Endlicher,S. (1839). 6losrodia brunonit. Novarumstitpium dec2t 76. Ko Endlicher,S. (1846).Orchideae. /r. khman, C. (ed.) "PlantaePreissianae" Vol. 2, pp, 4-14. (SumptibusMeissneri: Hamburg.) Erickson,R. (1965)."Orchids of the Wesl." 2nd ed. (PatersonBrokensha: Perth.) Ko Erickson,R. (1969)."The Drummondsof Hawthornden."(Lamb Palerson:Osborne Park, Perth.) Filzgerald,R.D. (1882)."Auslralian Orchids." Vol.2. (GovernmentPrinler: Sydoey.) Lei Forster,J. & Forsler,G. (1776)."Characteres Genervum". Plantarum lrellmitra. 97,t. 49. Ceorge,A.S. (1971a).A checklist of the Orchidaceaeof WesternAustralia. Nuytsia 1: 166-196, Lin Ceorge,A.S. (1971b).The plantsseen and collectedin North-WestemAustralia by William Dampier.The Western Lin AusaaLianNaturalist I l(8): 173-178 Ceorge,A.S. (1984).Seven new orchidsfrom WesternAustralia. ,Mrytsia 5: 5H2. [,or OeorBe,A.S. (1991).New taxa, combinationsand typificalionsin Ve icordia (MyrtaceaerChamelaucieae). lr'rytsia [,o! '71231-394. I-oq Ceorge,A.S. & Foole,H.E. (undated)."Orchids of WeslemAustralia." (Westviews: Pe(h.) Mai Grant,V. (1981)."Plant Speciation."2nd edn. (ColumbiaUniversity Pressr New York.) Green,J.W. (1985)."Census of the VascularPlanls of WeslernAuslralia." 2nd edn. (Dept Agricullure:Penh.) Hall, N. (1978)."Botanists of the Eucalypts."(CSIRO: Melboume.) Hall, N. (1984)."Botanists of AuslralianAcacias." (CSIRO: Melboume.) Mai Hasluck,A. (1955)."Portrait wilh Background- A Life of GeorgianaMolloy." (Oxford UniversilyPrcss: Melbourne.) Heberle,R. (undated).History of orchid collectingin southWestem Australia, 1791-1971. 1nr Dixon, K.W. & B.J. Buirchell(eds) "Orchids of WestemAustralia Cuhivalionand NaluralHistory." 1st edn, pp. 31-54. (Western AustralianNative Orchid Study & Conse.vationGroup Inc.: victoria Park.) Heberle,R. (1982).Caladenii in WesternAustralia and naturalhybridizalion. The Orchadian7t 7Va3. Heberle,R. (1995).Taxonomic treatment of Caladeniain south-westernAustmlia appraisal,1995. The Orchadian 11.479486. Hillis, D.M., Frosr,J.S., & Wright, D.A. (1983). Phylogenyand biogeographyof the Rana pipiens cotAplex:^ Moc biochemicalevaluation. Slst€mdtic Zoology 32(2)t 132-143. Hoffman,N. & Brown,A. (1984)."Orchids of Soulh-WestAustralia." 1sl edn.(University of WestemAustralia Press: Nict Nedlands.) Nicl Hoffman,N. & Brown,A. (1992)."Orchids of Soulh-WestAustralia." 2nd edn.(Universily of WestemAustralia Press: N€dlands.) Nict Hoffman,N. & Brown,A. (1998)."Orchids of South-WeslAustralia." Revised 2nd edn wilh supplement.(University Nicl of WesternAustralia Press: Nedlands.) 'IC'souol lslloqrrN (ounoqteN :uosteN).. BrrEllsnvJo sprqcro,,(spo) gJ'rrnt{ ? :uI (696l HA ,{l '9IZ - 'slloqrN IIZ 199 tsllontoN uoirotxtA L ert?llsnv jo eEoreprq O oql ol suo[]ppv (056I) HlA 'OLZ-LqZ 'irg 199lslJortllDN uolroplA sal.eds raqlo ro solou,{rpuns pue soDaue^ ^\!u errl{l oslE U - 'H 'sfloqrrN ouapoloX sana8 aql Jo solc.ds ^\ou V llt srllrtsnv urolse^,\Jo eBareprq O oU ol suolllppv (6t61) nA '8tl-9€t - '!sltoqrrN :t9 ltlltun|DN unuolrlt t erlPllsnv urrlsa^{ Jo epeipprqcro og ol suolllppv (/t6t) HnA ( uopuo'I i)toorqtpl^ ,{) ., serurSroqv oql Jo oSBnBu?.I:ql Jo ,ftElnq"ro^ .^ltdgcsed V osl? pue eller1snv urrlsa1t ur replas dt:tA uE Jo eJr.I InJlua^g sreo1 uoJ Jo ftErq' (t881) CC'eroo4 n6n 4Bt:t Dtst[nNat aqrlrd souaseqlJo uorsr^ad y n- (eElresorurN),?rrrysnuoSaq]ur salpnrs(9/6t).U.B,uqsElt '(sus^ qtnos r'rul {lolcos,{u?togrlleLrr.tstrS uerl?rFnv) '9€t-Igl dd..?ls?prlsnvur duslogcrl?uols,{S 'IVf Jo &olsrH,,Ipe) Sd']loqsrrl ssr.rd Jo sollllEol SulpellocuertErlsnv uatsay'A ar{f (0661)CN lunqrnt{ (qu.d :sloog looluvl .,9z8l-e09t ErlPnsnvuralso^{ qtnos ur oseq -I f rlSolsrlspue,{uolor lsuod u puno3o1 slduapu pu0 suorteroldxe qruerCIo,(pnts E olerlsnvoruttC,, lzg6t) luEr{rret{ '69t (. llst :gE salD[4qlnos ^(aNIo 'slsturlog .H &aDoSto{ou aWlo s8ulpaarordpuD tDurnof lu.uiolddnspuoces usrtertsnvJo sproceg(1761) f,uoprsj^l 9Z-9 :Z .stsrrr?rog &aDoStuotstH l\laoN uolj $nV urarsarhaW lo trrrnol uprrulsnvurolsei^ Jo spjocau(606t) H.I,ueprDl,{ 'EE-BZ 'Zn sato[ qtnos ,]/.aNlo KJalxoSloKo\ aqt lo sSulpaDotd 'urprpt{ puo loutfiot'E\n\s..v urltsrlA Jo urolJoql qll,1(lpep e^eqoq.r stslu?logutrnlrltsnv lo .prorcU lgOet) H f ,cu"o.t Cspuelp.N:ssord eltellsnv urrtse1l\3o {lrsre,rrun) € IoA .. BllBqsnvJo slueldsnoro^turrJ,, (SOOI)V 'lo^ 'au^ro-l ( spuelpeN:sscrd prlerlsnv ruelsc/A Jo {trsro^run) Z <,Erlrrlsny Jo slutld snoro^rulDJ,,(6961) V ,a!,ro.l CspuetpaN:ssard rrtt4sny urclsc1{Jo Ilrs:ro^run) I lo1 .,'BnrxlsnyJo slu?ld snoro^rurDC,,(/861) V 'rcls!i0d ',{etpur.l Iecluelogoql Jo seunto^EZ lsrlJ .ql ot xtpueddv truotoJre^ru ue^\So$ Jo uollDlaSo^eqt Jo qrtots V (0t81) I ,,ialpu'-l ( uopuol :s{e,{3prg)q slurrldsno.replqrro Jo sJreds pu! prauao eqJ,, fut{t8t) f '0zl-l:uortPcrlqnd 'st0eld ,H ,q8le-l IErrodSertruos eJllpl1l\ pur surd |?uolleNuellrrtsnv unrtel}snvp?uetl]orqJ (966t) d.f's33u8 t f 'sserdu! 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Peakall,R. (1984).Observations on the pollinalionof Leporellafrnbtiata (Lil,dl') AS Georg€ The Orchadian8: 44 45. peakall,R. (1988).Genetic Systems of Auslral;anTenestrial Orchids. Ph.D. thesis,University of WesternAustralia. peakall,R. (1989).The uniquepollinaljon of Leporellafinbriata (orchidaceae):Pollinalion by pseudocopulalingmale an$ (Mvmecia a/ens, Formi€idae).Plant Systen\ticsand Evolution 161. 13'7-148' peakall,R., & James,S.H. (1989a).Chromosome numbers of someAustralian lerreslrial orchids. Lhdleyana 4(2): 85-88. Peakall,R. & James,S.H. (1989b).outcrossing in an ant pollinatedclonal orchid-Heredity 62: L61 167 " Pelloe,E.H. (1930)."wesl AuslralianOrchids (Publishedby author:Peflh) playford,P. (1998)..,Voyage of Discoveryto TerraAustralis by williarn de vlamingh in 1696-97."(Western Australiafl Museum:Perth.) " Pocock.M.R- (1972)."Ground orchids of Australja (JacarandaPress: Milton Queensland) Ramsay,R.R., Dixon, K.W. & Sivasithampamm,K. (1986).Pattems of infectionand endophytes associated with Wcstern Auslralianorchids. Lindleyana 1: 203 214. "Beitrage Reichenbach,H.G. (1871). zur systematischenPflanzenkunde." (TG Mejssoer:Hamburg') Rogers,R.S. (1909). Notes on the orchids of KangarooIsland, togetherwith a descriptionof two new species' Trunsactionsof tha Rqral Societyof SouthAustrdia 33' 1L-1?' Rogers,R.S. (1920). Contributions to Australianorchidology. Trunsactions ol the Rolal societyof southAustralia 44, 322-359. Rogers,R.S. (1923).Conrribulions to the orchidaceousflora of Australia.Transactions of the RoyalSociety of South

Rogcrs,R.S. (1927a). Contrjburions lo the orchidologyof Australia.Trcnsactions of the RoyalSociety of SouthAustrclia 51r1-13. ci Rogers,R.S. (1927b). Conributions to rheorchidology of Australia.Trunsactions of theRoyal Societt oI SouthAustralia 51 291-297. Rogers,R.S. (1938). Conrriburions to the orchidologyof Australia.Transactions of the RoyalSociety of SouthAustruIia d

"The " Salisbury,R. (1807). Paradisusl-oninensis (William Hooker: London ) h' Sargent,O.H. (190?).Pollination of Caladeniabarbarcssae. Journal of the WesternAustralian Natural History Societ, 0

shorl, P,s' (1990),(ed.),.History of SystemalicBotany in Australasia-,,(AustralianSyslematic Botany Sociely: Collingwood,Melbourne.) Smilh, J. (1?98).Thelymitra Tru sactionsol the LinneanSocietv o[ London+ 222' Stoutamire,W.p. (1974).Auslralian terresrri.rl orchids, lhynnid wasps, and pseudocopulation.^nctican Orchid Society Bulletin 43113-113. Stoutamire,W.p. (1975). Pseudocopulationin Australianterreslria' orchids. American Orchid SocietyBulletin 44: I€ Srouramire,W.p. (1981). pollinarionstudies in Auslralianterfeslrial orchids. Narional CeographicSotiety ReseQrch ol Reports 131 591 598. at Caladenia(Orchidaceae) in Soulhwestern A\stt^li^. Australian Sroulamire,W.p. (1983).Wasp-pollinaled species of \\ Journal of Botany 31: 383 394 Warcup,J.H. (1971).Specificiry of mycorrhizalassociation in someAuslralian terrestrial orchids. New Phytologist'lO: 41 46. m "Flora weber, J.z. & Bates,R. (1978).Orchjdaceae. ./r..Jessop, J.P. (ed.) of soulh Australia."Paft 1 (3rd edn),pp. IC 383-462.(Goverment Printer: Adelaide.) h1 "Flora weber, J.z. & Bates,R. (1986).Orchidaceae. /n.. Jessop,J.P. & Toelken,H.R. (eds) of south Auslrrlia." Pan 4(4thedn),pp.2053-.2145'(TheFloraandFaunaofSoulhAustraliaHandbooksCommittee:Adelajde.) woolcock'D.T.&woolcock'C'E.0984)...AuslnlianTerreslrialorchids','(ThomasNe]son:Melbournc') o( 1,t ln '266I u,roJg T ueuJJog) saprnBplar; rnoJocur Jelleu srql uo suolsnlcuoolno paqsqqnd,{llerutoyur e^pue' tol suasDluapoloJ urrlrt ercue8e1e8er8as auros go ecueserdeq1 peqsqqetse e^eq o,,t,s0g6l ,{pre eql ecurg elels eql ur sprqrJo;o dnor8 lsa8releq1 te,; ,{q Sururog pue 1sa,,rr-qlnos eql ur Sur.uncco 'sJrruapue 'peauSocer 'erlerlsnv IIe /01 Surpnlcur ^\ou ar?pruapDryl) go serceds711 utolsei[ ul

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1998)to enablewide scrutinyof our conceptsbefore formal publication. In sumrnary,we had argued for the reinstatementof Leptoceras(R. Br.) Lindl. and the erectionof three new genera.

Two of the proposednew genera,Cyanicula Hopper & A.P. Br. and Praecoxanthz-sHopper & A.P. Br., were formally described(Hopper & Browr 2000), after supportfor them was obtainedfrom recent DNA sequencestudies of the Orchidaceaeand the Diurideae in particular (Figure 1). The molecular data also suppofied the reinstatementof Leptoceras. Howevel, the third proposednew genus,Drakonorchis, appeared from this molecularresearch to be deeplyembedded as adistinct group (now regardedas a subgenus)within Caladenia sens.lat.

By excludingZeptoceras,Cyanicula andPraecoxanthus,w e considerCahdenic to be much morc clearly circumscribed than has been the case in the past. At the same time as we reduced the circumscriptionof Calsdenia we fol]JJ.alizeda new subgenericclassification for the genus,eleyating three of Bentham's (1873) sections to subgenera(Caladenia, Phlebochilus las Phkbochilal and Calonema),and describingtwo new subgenera,Drakonorchis andElevatae las ELevataf(Hopper & Brown 2000). The remaining two sections of Caladenia recognizedby Bentham (1873) are now removed from the genus,with section-Leptac€ras Benth. now recognizedas two separategenera (Leporella A.S. George ard Leptoceras), and section Pentisia Benth. constituting the new genus Cyanicula(w ith the additionof C. caerulea(R. Br.) Hopper& A.P.tu. andC. deforzis (R. Br.) Hopper & A.P. Br.),which Benthamplaced in the typicalsection).

As well as including part of Cyanicull, Bentham included the Caladeniq flava group (now Caladenia subg.Elevatae\ and Praecoxanthusin his conceptof sect.Caladcnia las Eucaladenia). These are now regardedas quite distinct evolutionary groups. Some change is also needed for Bentham'scircumscription ofhis sectionsCalonema(typifiedbyCaladenia longicauda andincftding all the spiderorchids, i.e. taxa with elongatepetals and sepals\and Phlebochilus (typifiedby Caladenia cairnsiana and including the group ofwasp-pollinatedspecies with shortpetals and sepals).Of major interest,based on DNA sequencedata (Figure 1), is that the wispy spider orchids of the Caladenia filamentosa complexare actually more closely relatedto speciesin Caladenia srbg.P hlebochilusthan to the other spiderorchids (e.g. the Caladeniapatersonil complex) whichbelongto Caladenia subg. Calonema.

Methods

Our taxonomic conceptsand methodology are describedin the accompanyingpaper (Hopper & Brown 2001). Conservationcodes are cited in the notesunder all taxa that are currently included on the Departmentof Conservationand Land Management'sDeclared Rare and Priority Flora List. An explanationof thesecodes is set out at the end of this Nuyrsic issue.

Common namesused in the habitat data throughout the paper apply to the following species: Chdstmas Tree (Nuytsia floribunda), Flooded Cum (Eucalytpus rudis), lam (Acacia acuminata), Iarrah (Eucalyptus marginata), Karri (Eucalyptus diversicolor), Marri (Corymbia calophylla),

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(Eucalyptus Peppermint (Agonis flexuosa), Rock Oak (Allocasuarina huegeliana), Swamp Yate occid.entalis),Tuarl(Eucalyptus gomphocephala),Y ate (Eucalyptus cornuta),y orkclum (Eucalyptus loxophleba) and Wandoo (Euca lyPtus wondoo).

G€n€ric d€scription

CaladeniaR. Br., Prod.323 ( l8l0).

Type: Caladenia carnea R.Br., lectotype,fde M. Clements,Austral Orchid Res.1: 20 (1989).

Perennialterrestrial herbs, with rounded white tuberoidspartially enclosedin a shaggy fibrous sheathwhich is persistenton their upper halfand extendsupwards where it ensheathsthe narow stem to ground level. .Lea/solitary, usually erect to semlerect (rarely reclining), linear to broadly linear or lanceolate,pale yellowish green to dark green,base usually inegularly blotched with red-purple, sparselyto denselyhirsute with patenteglandular (rarely glandular)tlichomes to 4 mm long with an expandedbarrel-shaped basal cell. Sc4Peerect, wiry, hirsutewith simple or rarely glandular patent trichomessimilar to thoseon the leaf,with anerect sheathing acuminate externally hirsute caulinebract half way up and a similarly shapedfloral bract under each pedicel. Inflorescenceerect, solitary, 1-floweredor with up to 8 flowers in a looseraceme or panicle. Floryerssometimes scented, valiously coloured,on finely hirsutepedicels 1-4 cm long. Ovary ercct,lineabobovoid,densely covered with fine glandular patent trichomes. Sepalsand petals (excluding labellum) short- to long-acuminate, usuallywith shortglandular hairs on the abaxialsurface and on the long-acuminateapex where present, the latter sometimesexpanded into a thickenedglandular osmophore. Dorsal sepal usually erectand narrow, incurved over the column or more rarely retracted.Lateral sepalslsually spreading(rarely reflexed againstthe ovary or falcatewith upturnedapices), usually broaderthan the dorsalsepal and petals.Petcls usually spreading(rarely erector reflexedagainst the ovary), narrow. Labellum wually glabrous,stiffly hingedbut readily pushedaway from column and springingback to original position on release(sometimes loosely hinged),undivided or 3-lobedwith erectlateral lobes, usually recurved at the apex,often laterallyfringed or toothed,with calli; claw lessthan 2 mm long, lacking appendages; lamina calli sessileor stalked,usually numerousin two or more longitudinal rows or a centralcluster. Column erector incurved, 2-winged usually with prominent auricular lobes in the upper part and terminatingin a definite point. Arrfter terminal, oblique,2-celled, valvate. Pollinia 4,kidney-shaped, flat, mealy-granular.Sligma immediatelybelow anther,circular, entire anddisc-like Rostellumpoorly developed,viscid disc and caudicle absent.

Noler. The genusC aladenia may wellbe far older thanfilst thought. with representativesof subgenus Caladenia inNew Caledoniaand New Zealand,which drifted away from the Australian plate in the Cretaceous,it is possible that Caladeniq arosemore than 60 million years ago. This assumesthat dispersalof seedsand successfulcolonization over long distances,especially across the sea,are most unlikely. Altematively, long distancedispersal would have to be invoked to explain contemporary geographicalrange, and a younger age is possibleunder this scenario.

It is clear from morphologicat and DNA stndieslhat Caladenia subg Caladenia is basal to the evolutionary radiation of this diverse genus. Only one possiblespecies of this subgen\ts,Caladenia saccharataH.G.Reichb., occursin westem Australia. It is possiblethat many othersbecame extinct asrainforest diminished and ultimately disappearedfrom the south-westin the mid to late Tertiary. An early subsequentoffshoot is caladenia s.Jbg.Eleyatae,best represented in the south-westwhere four rlrx, I x II-l pue alE^o EururBItunlleqel Jo ueluopqe:pPeq 3l{1Jo tr eprsJeqlle pJu^uoJSulNnJ 'pe1eco1f,11u1stp ,,'rel3 unlleqel uo suJoH :€ " Erorosar|I'c peue eu ueq^\ wuJ L E x vI 6 lJ pue cr1d111ef,1,roueu eunuel run eqel Jo ueruopq€:peoq eql urorJ 'E oi pelotuerIIoA\ pup peurlJeJ'pJleJo[{11urpeLu mcp tunllaqeluo stuoH 'z peuell€u ueq^\ uru 11 ueql eroru (pe1o1 peeq) equrul unl1aqu1 'IuJoJIlJesuI'a^oqe .I 1lpc elelrdec8uD[te[ elnsllq uulruel run eqP-I ^. 'adur crSsu ls prog qseq ,{1uo[eru eq1 alo1g reelJqleeueq peuelleg se^Bel puu supd JoJeJB slueruernseeur ;o 1su,t lE

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when flattened...... C' barbarossa 2: Labellum lamina (headto tail) lessthan 9 mm when flattened 4. Labellum claw loosely hinged,claw connection3-4 mm long; lamina held below the top of the ovary...... C. drakeoides 4: Labellum claw stiffly hinged, claw connectionc. 1mm loog; lamina held abovethe top of the ovary...... C. barbarella 1: Labellum lamina glabrous above,trilobed or triangular,with capitatecalli 5. Labellum entire or with marginal calli lessthan 1 mm long 6. Labellum margins entire (sometimesthe apical rnidlobe has a few minute fringe segments) 7. I-ateral sepalswith swollen apical osmophores 8. Lateral sepalsprominently falcate with an uptuned apex 9. Lateral lobes of labellum lamjna obtuse;central lobe na owly tdangular.West of Ongerup...... C' integra 9: Lateral lobes of labellum lamina shortly acute;central lobe broadly obtuse. Eastof Esperance C. €xstans 8: I-ateral sepalsstraight or slightly falcate but with a downtumed aPex 10. Petalserect, with swollen apical osmophores 11. Calli in two rows on labellum lamina C' sigmoidea 11; Calli aggregatedinto a brcad centrallongitudinal band...... C. macrostylis 10: Petalssplayed downwards, tapering to acuteapices 12. Labellumlamina with prominentbroad red st pes;calli in fwo rows...... C. wanosa 12: Labellum lamina with faint slenderstripes; calli aggregated,in a single row 13. Dorsal sepalusually with a swollen apical osmophore. Lateral sepals with a thickenedosmophore 3-5 mm long...... C. incrassata L3: Dorsal sepaltapering to acuteapex. Lateral sepalswith a slender osmophoreusually less than 3 mm long 14. I-abetlum 14-20 mm wide, green or yellow green,lacking prominentveins; calli thickened,conspicuously glossy...... C' roei 14: Labellum 12-16 mm wide, greenish-yellowwith prominent dark red veins; calli slender,dull 15. Lateral sepalsabbreviated, tapering evenly to the apical osmophore, rarely with a narrow filiform sectionto 3 mm long subtending the osmophore. Calli in a broad band c. 2 mm wide. Between Ravensthoryeand IsraeliteBuy ...... C. brevisura 15: I-ateral sepalselongated with a narrow filiform section 6-12 mm long subtendingthe apical osmophore. Calli in a narrowband c. 1 mm wide. Westof Ravensthorpe...... C. doutchiae 7i Lalelal sepalstapering to apex 16. Petalsand sepalswhite. Labellum with or without prominent lobes 17. Labellum prominently trilobed, lateral lobes with numerous bluish-greyveins...... C. saccharata 17: I-abellum rhomboidal, lacking prominent lateral lobes and veins ...... C. dorrienii

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widely-spacedmarginal calli 34. Flowers pale yellow-qeam to white with maroon lines, spots and blotches.Lateral sepalsincurved and crossedin front of ovary ...... C. dorrienii 34: Flowers golden yellow with dark maroon to brown strip€sand markings.Lateralsepalsheldapart...... C.caesar€a 33: Labellum margins senatewith closely packed marginal calli 35. Petalsand sepals pale pinkish red to maroon...... C. footeana 35: Petalsand sepalsyellow or creamwith median red stripes 36. Petalsand sepalsyellow with median red stripes 37. Petalsand sepalsgolden yellow. Labellum golden yellow with red veins; calli white. Mogumber to Kendenup in wandoowoodlands ...... ,,,...... ,-,..,...... C.xantha 37: Petalsand sepals lemon yellow. Labellum white with thick dark radiating basal lines becoming large irregular spots and blotchestowards the recurvedapex; calli white with pink suffusions.Cosy Corner to William Bay in southcoastal heath ...... C, abbreviata 36: Petalsand sepals cream with medianred stripes 38. Hairs on petal and sepal apiceshemispherical to shortly cylindrical. Centralwheatbelt salt lake margins... C. melanema 38: Hairson petaland sepalapices elongate, cylindrical. Coastal calcareoussoils 39. Leaf morethan half the lengthof scape.Labellum 6-9 x 5-7 mm, apex evenly recurved. Widespreadfrom Kalbarrito eastof Esperance(also in SouthAustralia) ...... C. bicalliata 39: kaf less than half the length of scape. Labellum to 14 x 7 mm, apex thrust outwards. Confined to the PeacefulBay areaof the southcoast...... C. evanescens 29: L^telal sepalslonger than 4 cm 40. Labellum lamina and calli entirelv blood red. or rarelv with cream nearbase 41. Sepalsand petals stiffly heldnear base with a lax apex, linearlanceolatein basali/9-117,5-10 cm long. I-abellumlamina 10-15 x 6-10 mm, with laminacalli extending abott 113-ll2 the length of the lamina ...... C. filifera 41: Sepalsand petals stiffly held throughout,linearlanceolate in basaI TlT L13,3-6.5 cm long. Labellum lamina 5.5-10 x 2.5-6 mm, with laminacalli extendingabout 2134'5 the length of the lamina 42. I-ateral sepals5.5-6.5 cm x 2-3 mm. Labellum creambasally with prominent blood red radiating lines, becoming uniformly red towardsaoex: lamina 7-10 x 4-6 mm ,...... C. dundasiae 'II peue eu uer{A\epr^\ uruJ 9I-zI unlleqB'I pleqdg3qs seurleruos 'xe1 dllunsn spdes 'epr,r 'olnlo,rar puespted ruu s-z leqmauosfllerolel Jeo'I :6t "" salslroq'J do1uo 11np',r,r.o11ad 'seqc1olq qslu,rorqepd o1uraerc llluc surrup-I pueslods 'seuqurrrorq eled qlrn\ 'A\olla,{-,{ruea.rr ol urueJr sre^\olC :0S "suaJu!'c do1uo {sso13's8ur4uu :1urdeled qlr,r olrq,r-,{rrr€aJrrll€c surue'I 'saqclolq 'seurJ pueslods uooJeluqlr^\ e1rq,rlq8uq s:eaa.olg 99 'pouell€U pleqdggns sludas pue splod apJ.rruru gl--tr .{lleJal€lJue.I 6t .reqolrodF€e ol lsn8nv SuuoldolC :Zt Burllln'c """ """ pe^rnceJ '€lt fldruqs 971lucrde q11,r,r. elpplu ur leluozuoq[Veeu'ElI leszqur sur8reurotllue qlr,ll ltero unfleqs-I ^\ollo.{uoruol aled,{pueunuoperd 'Sulpuerds i(ggps sledes pue sleled :8t " "' Balsod'C peuncard1fuuqs g7y lerrde eq1 '9lZ qll^\ otpp[u eql ur leluozuoq[VEau'9lZ lpseq eql ur surSrutrorqua q11,n 1rera unlloqu.I 'uueJr ,{ltueulruopJrd 'spJel\u,rop puulno Surqcrudg;qs qudespuB sluled 8t Jequare(Iol Joqopoelel ?ulra.rolC ,t (requre,tolqro reqolco'roquetdes lsn8nv ur Sur4ued).reqruoca6 pue 1snEn17 uaa,Neq 'EuFe,roU-EulJdS :tt ' slllxa 'J Fru?uuP^dol oluplaquooc urur6-l x €I-II 'urur unlleqB-I g-z x rUJ6-9 9 ?uruul :s6o!lsper leurpnlr8uolqll/[ uooJuurqsquld o1alrq,tr sledes ry;epl Db sllBulolq'J Suruuule;ol JnonsJ'Ilw 'ruru 8-9 x zI-€ unllaqs-I ultu z-9 [ x rxc9-€ BurxBI '9tr :sadulspeJ 1eurpn113uo1 ql!^\ elrq.r ,{yur:o;runsludes 1ure1u1 Suruuele;1ol uerJnfruo.t; lleqleeqlA apr^\turu 6-9 urnlleq?'I 'edecs 'epr^\ eq1go q18ueyeql JIeq ueql ssal tuurt ol JerI : gt slleuolpFau.t.c """ lsuoJqtnos eq1uo e1od1er11o1rnoqrug fpurTtl epr,r\uru 0I-, unltoqe-I 'adecs 'epIA\ aql;o glSueleql Jpq ueqlaJou IrJIrrZI ol JPo'I gt 'AurIo^\og-Jolur1\ (d1n1u Surluad)1sn3n17 puu ounl uoa,^{aq 'tt tsuoluur s 0-2 0 'adepe{?u o1 snoncldsuoc secrde pdes puepled uo srreq IuJupurtd3 peualleguaq,n (,{1,nouru dlarer) pproquroqr EurruEI:€/I lusequr sur8ruurerrlua qlra loeretunlleqe-I iEl ' 'snoncrdsuocur qulnrlluap'J 3uo1ruur Z 0-I'0 serrdeledes pueplad uo s:reqpcrrpuqd3 'paue BIJueq^\ pproquroqr fl,norreuuuluu1 :S/Z teseq ur surEretue.rrlsa qlr.& l"era unllequ-I €t suorsnJJnspuu sura^ uiaorq o1lurd-per q1r,tr ,,rro1yed ro uuuc qpc pueBurrrrel rlnlleqe-I :0i " " u11qro.rqf.re'J urru€-SZ x 9-S g euruel :parpoolq Iunlleqe'I lllur9I r x urJS-S tsledes I€Jals'I :Zt

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52. Flowers rich maroon or yellow (rarely cream)with suffusionsof maroon; labellum with thick dark maroon radiating lines on a creamy-yellow background C. chapmanii 52: Flowers cream,with pale maroon lines, spotsand blotches; labellum cream with pale maroon radiating basal lines, blotchesand markings...... C, nobilis 51: Labellum 4-12 mm wide when flattened 53. Labellum4-5 mm wide when flattened...... C. microchila 53: Labellum 5-12 mm wide when flattened 54. Gapsbetween fringe segmentson labellum margin greater than width of segments 55. I-abellumgolden-yellow with thick stripes...... C. caesarea 55: Labellum lemon-yellow to creamwith thin stripes C.luteola 54: Gapsbetween fringe segmentson labellum margin less than or equal to width of segments 56. I-abellumgolden yellow with redveins; calli purewhite ...... C. xantha 56: Labellum creamwith red veins and suffusions:calli cream. usually with pink markings on top 57. Petalsand sepals consistently white (rarelypale yellow). Labellumlamina calli slender,erect, white with pink suffusionson top 58. Labellum 5-7 mm wide when flattened 59. tabellum rhomboidalin outlinewhen flattened. Marginsof saltlakes and water courses ...... C. exilis 59: l-abellum linear-rhomboidalto narrowly triangular in outlinewhen flattened.Seasonally damp sites near graniteoutcrops or late tic hiI1s...... C. paradoxa 58: Labellum7-12 mm wide when flattened 60. lraf 5-7 mm wide. Inland distribution between Yalgoo,Eurady Station and Bonny Rock...... C. remota 60: Iraf 3-5 mm wide. Westernwheatbelt to near-coastalareas 61. Petalswith a stiffly held obliquely descendingapex. Labellum lamina 9-1.5 x 7-17 mm. Column 8-12 mm tall ... C, vuleata 61: Petalswith a lax vertically descendingapex. Labellum laminal1-19 x 9-12 mm. Column10-15 mm tall .... C.pendens 57: Petalsand sepalsvariably dark red, pink, pale brownish yellow, pale yellow or cream. I-abellum lamina calli either squat and flattened or slenderand erect,uniformly coloured 62. Labellum10-13 mm wide when flattened...... C, polychroma 62: Labellum 6-10 mm wide when flattened 63. Petalsand sepalsbright lemon yellow. Calli glossy on top.No h-westof Northampton...... C. elegans 'dB8 BurrrrB[rxnlleqel er{lJo qlpll{ eql JIEqlnoqe 8ur,{dnocoraqlaSol uerperuJ€elJ e qll^\ s,^1orleurpntr8uol lJurtslp Jlorx to t ur llleJ :9, .'""""" eler.upg8uol'3 eurtupl tun equl arnJo qlpla er{tJo prlql e lnoqe '9, 8ut,{dnrco ssuur1uurpn1r3uo1 e13urs u olur pe1e3er33zIIIeJ epr,\\oloru ro rulu II runfieqEI lL 'eroqdoruso spuul? IurlJeqdsruequl pere^or uz qtl,rrrxede p1a4 91 'aleclu; '.77 spre,nu,noppef,elds xede qlr,tr .{pq?11sro 1q3re4ssledes 1enp1 stra8uple'J runlleqtrleql Jo xodu uooluru {lf,p aql oluo SuJpuolxeseurloruos puu Surqoeerrlpr eurus-I :g/ BtBtlBJ'3 unltoqul eql Jo xede uoo:eur4ep eql Jo Uor{sSurddols lllur sururl g/ xede uooreruyep eql ot luec€lpeuae]3 urn11eqe1 :y4 " """""" BIelrquulAuot'J xede uooJeur{Jup eql ol luoc?lpeatrq^\ unfieqe.I t/ IUer puldJeur '?ulpueJse peue{cql loeJe,reJqll^ euluel unllJqelJo seqolrceU :€, " qBqol'l spre,r,rdndlonbqqo 3ur^JnJ rJIEcleur8reru ruro;rlq 'Sqpuecsep snoJerrnuqlllr dpqSlts eunuel unlloqel Jo soqol teeg €/ 'ZL xads peu:nldn uB qlr^\'elerleJ dllueururo.rdsledes lererr-11 'aroqdouso spuulElpcneqdsnuorl u! pelelo" pouo{3lql qllar seclduludag y4 "'.:l;;,lrTl;J-Juxi:Hjl rrrueuruordroaroqdoruso peue{crr{r q,,^""d" ,tt slloJltBl'J """ ellq,r flerur'{uld sre^\olC :0, B^Bg'J s8ur{JeurpeJ r{lr^\ ^\o11a,( sre.molg 94 JIIecIuulSreur pauslrrql 0I ueqlssel qll/r\'paqolrJl urnllaqs.I :69 BaploJslp'C rlyuc1zur8:eur urJoJrlrJ snoJerrrnu qll^\'al?^o unllequ.I 69 eleuIunJS 'elnsJrq ,{pueuluo:d lou'eJor{dorusopeua>1crql 3ur4cz1 xede ipoqs sledas '99 uur 1 ueql:a3uo1r11ec purS:eru qtl.4\atelJqrulJ urnJleqrl :S sllslueplJJo'J r.lernpuehlJo qrnosol e:e3uoq ruo4 lseoJlsa,\\ reap sedrrlsleseq Surterper uooJuruol peJqsD{urd lureg qtrn run11eqr1 :19 """""" slplurlp'J eruuredsg o1 11aq1eaq,reql qEnolql lsBe-qlnospurC seufu4 s8uqreur puu sedugs uooreurSuqerper luaururoJd r1tr,r urnJloqs.I /9 xede plaq fggns e qll^\ sleled pu€ sledesIBrelu-I ;99 """"""" erqcpd'3 xeduxu1 e qlrms1e1ed pue sledas pre1e1 99 peue EUueq^\ ePr,r ruru 6-9 runlleq?'I :99 suapuad'J peuo eU ueq^\ opr,r$rutu ZI-6 runfleqs1 99 eue e8ueg uaerg;o lsea-quouol lse^\-qUoN rueaJo Jo,rollo,{olpd'{uld'per $ep dlqerrerrsJe^\olC :t9 sueJsalnloJsnJ'J sleaddur4;o lsue eoJpoAUBU uo.JC 'seqclolq pue surel uool€rrr{JEp luouluroJd qU.t\unlloqul :^\ollai( qsru,irlolqelpd sre^\olC 't9 uorplerecJo tseo-gtnos dor uo 11npr11e3 'par rpup ro,trolled epd 'e1rq,tl.'urua:c syedas pue slelad :99

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79. Petalswith a lax pendulousapex. C. heberleana 79: Petalsusually with a stiff, splayed,often obliquely ascendingapex 80. Petalsalways with a thickenedosmophore. Flowering October to Decamber. Southemforests from Dunsboroughto Albany 81. Labellum white to pale yellow with maroon radiating stripes, apexcream ...... C. Iodgeana 81: Labellum palegreen with maroonradiating stripes; apexdark maroon...... ,,...... C. brownii 80: Petalsonly occasionallywith a thickenedosmophore. Flowering August to October. Swan CoastalPlain between Lancelin and Yarloop, or southernheathlands from Fitzgerald River National Park to eastof Esperance 82. Petalsobliquely ascending. Osmophores on sepalsnoticeably tumescent,often more than 1 mm diam.,light yellowish-brown. Southernheathlands from Fitzgerald River National Park to eastof Esperance ...... C. decora 82: Petalshorizontal to somewhatdowncurved. Osmophores on sepalsscarcely tumescent, always less than 1 mm diam., light brown. SwanCoastal Plain between Lancelin and Yarloop C. arenicola 77: Labellumle ss than 11 mm wide tl3. tongestlabellum marginal calli 7-10 mm. Floweringlate Novemberto January...... C. corynephora U3: lnngest labellummarginal calli 1-5 mm. FloweringAugust b October 84. Petalserect. Lamina calli arrangedin two pairsof distinctrows with a cleargap between them C. arrecta {}4: Petalsdowncurved to horizontal.Calli arrangedin closely adjacentrows without a clear gap betweenthem 85. Labellumextended, crescent-shaped in side-view, white. MurchisonRiver to Geraldtonand the Pingaringarea...... C. hoffmanii 85: Labellum evenly and fully recurvedin side-view, creamy yellow to greenishyellow. Forestsand adjacent wheatbeltfrom nearPerth southwards 86. Longestlabellum marginal calli lessthan 2 mm long ...... C. ensata 86: I-ongestlabellum marginal calli 2-5 mm long 87. Scapesto 35 cm tall. Osmophoreson petalsand sepals about a third the length of the lamina. Petalsstiffly splayedoutwards with a slightly downcurved apex. Labellum to 15 mm long, with few thick well-spacedshort marginal calli ...... C. longiclavata 87: Scapesto 60 cm tall. Osmophoreson petals and sepalsabout a half the length of the lamina. Petalsstiffly curving obliquely downwardsto a vertical apex. Inbellum to 12 mrn long, with severalthin closely arrangedlong marginalca11i...... C. magniclavata """ FraupJBS'J ,{eg uelllr^d ol 'spuus dn3u11p1 peurelplle^\I€lseor-reoN Suol ruJ 9'g-{ € slclod pa^JnJumopftelnJe,{Il€nsn qedes 1ere1e1 66 sedulsSurlerprr {uld snonJrdsuoJur t.lll^\{uld elsd ol elrq,tr?urtuel tunlleqel Jo uo-rlres1es€g '1urd 'llul yrp o1apd slulodpup spdos uru 0Z-9I uunloJ :86 "" " I1plagulra'J eereJeArU euo; sedulsSupelper lurd snonrrdsuoJurol luaulurordq1r,t lurd epd eunuelun eqelJo uorlres1es?g '1urd ryupsyeled pue sledos llsl uru 9I-€I uunloJ g6 'ruBrp ruurI uBqlssel '4urd-qs1f,er8 eroqdouso:{urd{r€p o1epd spled puesledes :/6 """" eluuulddu'3 ruplprutu I lnoq? 'u,t'rorq lq8ll eroqdorusoilurd-qsrpper spled puesledeg 16 '96 qurd-qsrpper:olurd ryepo1 eled splod puesledeg de8uerperu rualc e q11,ms,trro: pulpnlr8uol lcuqsrp erou lo t ur JIIeJ :06 """ 'xodp qupquglSuol'3 ecueredsgol dn8unur?ef uooreru{rup eql ol luecelpsallq.{\'peqo1g1 fpueururo:d eu[uey tunllequ'I :96 " BlBlpEJ.f, slseJoJueqlnos xodeuootpu.t 1:pp Jql ol luecefpeueerS qsr,ro11e,{ 'peplslelel?d uuru€l urnllequ-I '96 puuqleurpnqt?uoy eql ssolc€g-g lll€c :eururulureu eql Jepun pepncxade eql qlr^\ ^\ell eprsur peNncorflua,re un1leqr1 :p6 BlloJlulurEr8'C "" " pueq IuulpnlFuoleql ssoJrE7 r11eclspre,,nu.trrop dlonbnqo 1sn:q1xede eql r{lJ.r^\el^ eplsu[ rlluersetJrllnllaqrl t6 ecueredsgo1 slse:o; ureqlnog 'pusq l?urpnlrEuolepr^\ ruur €-Z eql sso.rcu(9-g) arroglp3 :96 """"" " eJqaJJ'J ?oruq8nouaerg-re,trg qllus.t\orrv pusqJpulpntlEuol epr^\rutu ry oqlssorce (+97) snoraurnu lll€J €6 Suolruu /-? nluJ purS.ruruurnyleqel lse8uo-1 :76 'C """ '76 slurJoJlploquoqJ 8uol ruru€-I r11ucpurS:eur urn11eqe1 lse8uol ruru9I-9 x oz-tl eurruulrlnlleqe.I SuoJruc A'Zusql eroutsludes p.re1e1 :16 'J EtBJlld turu9FS x ,-9 BuJuelunlleq?'I 3uo1uc a'7 ueqlssey spdes pra1e1 16 BururslurnJJaq?l uo smolpessatdde '66 ,(lesoltJo pueqFurpnltEuol e13urs u o1u1pele8er??e qp3 eur[Ilelles€q .)luld eledqlt,t Suqserluoc {lDp ro uoorEur$ep xedeurn11aqe1 :gg suaref.ralul'3 'elodlt1\ ol JnoqJeHdpurld Srrolruo g g upql 'suorsnJJns ororu {urd eyedq11,r uego'ruzejc spdas 1eralu1 :69 Buulllassnq'C ra,rrglare8req;o quo51 '3uo1ruc a 9 ueqlssel',ro1ed eled spdes lelet€-I 6g 'epd EurtuslI?sEq se rnoloc eurzs eq1 xederun aqs-I 88 Jelnpue[8lou'aroqdouso ue ?UDIJDIxede p1e4 :91

'u,1aola 4rapDloJ Z:,{Soloprq O uerlrllsnv Iuotse1v\ dV T leddoH (S NuytsiaYo|. 14,No. 1/2 (2001)

99: Lateral sepalsusually splayedout at 45obelow horizontal before drooping vertically. Petals3.0-3.5 cm long. Inland winter-wet clayloams, Lake Muir eastto Porongurups...... C. starteorum 96: Sepalsand petalsgreenish or yellowish creamwith maroon suffusionsor completely maroon 100. Labellum lamina calli oot reachirg the red-maroonapex 101. Lateral sepalsbrownish red. Labellum evenly downcurved, the basal margins and fringe splayedupwards; marginal calli usuallymore than 5 mm long ...... C. ferruginea 101: lnteral sepalsgreenish-yellow. Labellum flattened,thrust outwards,curved downwardsonly a shot distancefrom the apex, with fringe splayedlaterally; marginal calli usually less than 5 mm long 102. lateral sepals4.5-6.5 cm long. Labellum greenish-yellow with red-maroonapex. lreuwin-Naturaliste Ridge to Pemberton ...... C. infundibularis 1O2i Lateral sepals3.5-4 cm long. Labellum white. Albany to CheyneBeach ...... C' granitora 100: Labellumlabellum calli extendingonto the red-marconapex 103. Labellummarginal calli thickened,stout, usually less than 5 mm long,terminating in an enlargedclub-like aPex 104. Lateral sepalsand petalswhite, rarely suffusedpink. Labellumfringe usually no more than2 mm Iong...... C. nivalis 104: Lateral sepalsand petalsgreenish yellow with red- brown maroon markings. Labellum fringe usually more than 2 mm long 105. Lateral sepalsand petalsusually with prominent red-maroon markings, Labellum lamina flattened in cross-sectionnear thebase. Near-coastal calcareous soils .... C. applanata 105: Lateral sepalsand petals usually greenish-y€llowwith inconspicuousbrownish-maroon markings. Labellum lamina crescenticin cross-sectionnear the base. Inlandacidic soils 106. Lateral sepalsusually splayedout at 300-454below horizontal. Labellum lamina broadly pear-shaped. Winter-wetclayloams near Gingin south to Gracetown...... C. paludosa 106: Lateral sepalsusually splayedhorizontally. Labellum lamina narrowly pear-shaped.Well-drained gravelly sandsnear Cape Natunliste ...... C.virid€sc€ns 103: Labellum marginal calli slender,filiform, usually longer than 5 mm long, terminating in a finely acuteapex 107. I-abetlum apex noticeably channelled,often not fully recurved;marginal calli up to 15 mm long, sometimesbifurcate . C. huegelii 107; Labellum apex not noticeably channelled,usually fully recurved;marginal calli usually up to 10 mm long, not bifurcate 108. Lateral sepalswith a slightly tumescentosmophore rllla ellr{a drueen d ensneuruul runlleqel pue spdes 'qe1e7 :911 BugllJ'l reqopg o1r:qualdag '(esuq e1e1Suuearoyg (apr.uurur 2111) psorq un eqE-I rueu 'Supeerds epr,trruru 4-9) peorq puu gtls sledesIeretE.I :6I I saploJloqd'C 'd:znue1o1:eque^oN e1e1?uue,trolg (epr,^rruru g1-1) ,rorreu runllaqu-I (eseqrueu 'snolnpuad epr,r ruru g-9'g),r.oueu ol Sulr{Jrr spdes lEIelB-I 6II ^\olla.{ uouol elpd eulrrcl runlleqel pue sledas'sl€tad gII peJnolor ,{lurJoJrunpulusl unfieqe.I :€II BaJol'J " """" " " "" eereyede3 puE 'ueluesl ol ur8uro '3uo1wvt '3uo1 p7-Tl uurrxel runlleqe'I urc g1-9 spdes IBrale-I :lII eslaJxe'C "" a8p!U olsrlernleN-ur,rnerl '3uo1 '3uo1 unu 96-97 euluel unlleqe.I ruc 97-91 sl€desIErelp.I ZII tsuol uru 0I-s ol IIIec leulSreulSuol qlra (epr^\ Iuru l1-a1) peorq run1laqe1:911 Bsoul8lln'C '?uo1ruur y '9II o1111ucluqSruru yoqs qll.t\ (apl.,r.ruru II-8),$olruu runfleqe.I 'sul8Jeur su1e1dplseoc u:e1sa^\pue ll?qlueq,r u.relset\'sBeJBlseJoJ uJelsei-qlnos ^\JrAeprs ur perunJer,{11n; puu ,{1ua,ra runlloqs.I :gII "'EeJe Iluerulloq'f, ?ulle?uldoql ol to^lg uosrqJJnl,{',\\er^ oprs ur padeqs-tuacserc'pepuelxe unllequ.I gII s8uryeu lurd-per ql1,t qstueerS:o ueeJJ'elrq,tr sledaspue slulod :tI I "" "" '?II aeluol8ulJrsq'J {uld ,{1uro;runsledes pue sletod xede uooreu ltep B qlr,&peJnoloc-o,trl €ururel unlloqe.I gII 'olnce seuroqJlJlIscupullfc qll^\ elnsrnl dpueururord fleurJ xede ludeg :14 .'"" "" EleullJad'O {lrd JpuoneNle^lg plere8zlrg pue {oorg dn,{og oy dqu1u3:eroqdouso ue SulIJ€l slplad ,,no11e,{qsrpper dllensn sra^\olC :ZII BJoJJp'J lred leuoueNprry adu3o; lsee4e4 '8uol IBuorlBNIoAIU p1ure3z11g urur ZZ-{I oJoqdouso ue q1r,ndlpnsn spled uooJpurper.{llunsn sJe^\olC ZII ecuBJeosgJo lwe ol puu {ooIg dn,{og o1 fqe1e3 ,no11ed(qsrueerE fle-rur) qsrpperdpueunuoperd sro^\og'llel ruc gg-97 educg ;11y " ',rloy1ed BJaJoJd'C uoqassngJo lse^\-qlnog uorual qsrueer8fpueuruoperd sJo,rou'JIel uc 0r-9t adeJs III srueoldelc ,{pueg ruru 6-1 x ruc a-g dllensn syudesIB.relrI :0II 'urru BloJlultll'l puusdeeq € x ruc t r sledosluJals'1 0II uoqdourso luecsaunl dllueunuord e qtr,r sledes1ere1e1 :gg1 BIoJIuaJe'J """ 'SpuBS 'ulu ueapuass€g,{er3uo pue1u1flurepl 91 runlloqel uo 'uooJ€rx IIIBJleurfueu lse8uol per d[ueuruopeJd sre^\olC :60I "" " laAJoaS'O spu€sp e{ere) ,rltolleduo lelsuoa-rueN rutu ZI-g runleqel uo qpt 1eu€rerulsa8uol uae$-qsl^\ollef dlluuquropardsre,rolg 691

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red-maroonor pinkish markings ha 120. Labellum marginal calli often bifurcating and long (to 7-12 mm). 19 Flowerswhitewithfaintpinksuffusions...... C.speciosa 120: Labellum marginal calli linear and short to long (2-14 mm). Flowers white or marked with prominent red-maroonlines and suffusions Lii Ct. 121. Petals,sepals and labellum lamina often with prominent red-maroon Li or pinkish markings. Flowering late November to January C. serotina 121: Petals,sepals and labellum usually creamy-white,rarely with red-maroonor pinkish markings. Flowering August to early November ba 122. Labellum marginal calli to 2-5 mm long ap 123. Labellum 3-5 mm wide. Petalsand sepals5-7 cm long. dir Coastaland high rainfallforest areas...... C. christineae 123: Labellum 7-11 mm wide. Petalsand sepals3-5 cm long. Nc Saltlake margins and moist depressions north of Esperance...... C, cruscula m 122: Inbellum marginal calli to 4-14 mm long fol c. 124. I-abellumlamina 20-35 x 12-20 mm ...... C. splendens C. 124: l,abellumlamina 12-30 x 6-18 mm ...... C. lonsicauda spl l, Ciladenia R. Br. subgenusCaladenia sul Pelals lessthan 2 cm long,held c. horizontallyand usually curvedfoward. Labellum.' claw minute, all less than 0.5 mm long, lacking pairedhornJike appendages;lamina glabrousabove,3lobed or m( triangular,with capitatecalli free at base,inse ed directly into lamina surface,in 2 or morewell spaced wh or denselyaggregated rows. ar€ Al. Notes. Caladenia subgenusCaladenia has approximately40 named species;mostly Australian, but lat a few ranging from New Zealandto New Guinea,Indonesia, Malaysia, and New Caledonia,with one endemic in south-westemAustralia. EasternAustralian membersof the subgenusare under active revisionby D.L. Jones(1991, 1998, 1999), and are in needofdetailed analysis to resolverelationships.

Known collectively as fairy orchids, members of Caladenia srltgerrts Caladeni4 are closest lin morphologically to Caladenia subgetlrsElevatae. The distinctive forward curving short petals and cul simple calli are diagnosticfor most speciesof subgerrtsCaladenia. lon 2A RecentDNA sequencestudies ofthe Cc /adenia alli.ancein theDiurideae (Kores et c/., unpublished) se€ establishedthat these two subgeneraare distinct cladesbasal to thegenus as awhole. Acomprehensive study of the fairy caladeniasis neededto further clarify relationships. Tvt 35' As noted in the introduction, Bentham(1873) included in this typical sectionof Caladenia (here iso recognizedas subgenusCaladenia) a heterogeneousamalgamation of several independentgroups now placedwidely apart,including membersof Praecoxanthus,Cyanicula, Lyperanthus R. Br. and Caladenia stbgents E levatae. ust wrl A single Western Australian specl.es,Caladenia saccharata,is tentatively placed in subgenus ori al< Caladenia pending further information from DNA sequencestudies, but this differs significantly from other membersof the subgenusin labellum charactersand the presenceof dark glandular floral brc slit 'pe^rncu,rop 'pearncur g-g x ruc 8 ? pue Surpeetdsslodas lotaloT ruur S €-g Z x ru? g-g'tr ,{pq8qs 'u,,to:q pue peta lodas Tostog sl1ecreppuelS alrssesrelnqo13 pelcud ,{losuopolnunu ;o Surlsrsuoc ISJ( 's1e1od dlt, 1q?11 tuo{ luasqu'sledes uo luecseunl'8uol ruru gtr-91 uoqdoruso lxede eleurunce-3uo1e 'prrql 'ppq snu o1Sutno:ruu dpduqe uaql Issequr etBloecuefreeurl tgyls qolad paz s1zda5 luesqero lee,nsd13uo4s o1 dpureJ Jnopo leJog :lurd o1uooreru 11np;o slods pue seuq'suorsrgJnselqerJe^ qlrl$ 'ssorce ', '(€)7 'a1d:nd-per urt 8-9 to l snil.olg'ge1uc gg 97 adocg qlrm paqctolqf,puln8eu ,{1pnsn 'ruur pJrqlIeseq'ueeJ8 eled 911 x utc AZ-6'J€eurl lcare/aa7 sdrunlc esool ur.ro ,fte1tlostazia, pur sdn '(i-Iaw'ix'icg3'iov:osi ?Jet 'g,0l.t 'S,€0"S9 gZ0r9Z00HJUAd :qoq) g97y nddo11 O S't86I IeqoloO,'errellsnV uetseA\ I I 'Uetuue(Jo 'qJEeg 'e^]eseU lse^\-qlnos-lse/r\ru)[ tZ lelul fuJedJo lse,^.l.u{ I eJnleNtueJ.I?nO . snd,{J EAII 'pe;;1p 'sr1e,re1c-osserc (pe sr8uol uru 7 pe sruruoJtpu-olls srlueruSos 'rurlerpeJ urnc€uqurrJ rlleqBl el€eull-oJeojtunJ eqle rlesEqpurluel'olEI ruru SI-11 1eo8uol ururgglg 'ruuo;ufd 'srAEIr elel'oueld JelrleJluel-osroposouJsJ opr?rr o11eqe1 ours srle1ruur 7-9'7 1esr8uol 'slle^rncer Iuc a-€ a,lsnurursnld pe snqpueleds11e1ed'sr8uol ruur 071I sreuunJq-olnlrpsrAelJ unc pur 'sresoJ sr1u1uru 9rg 1as€uol ruc 8-t snqrleJelelslledos pe sruruolrurualnrsqo srlelncetute srleeull lse{ relylrqerre.tsnpr8rr enbsrledes srleled 'qqclea'g'11tya3ant1otuapo1o3 sr?et?stralac snqerceds y 'sdl '^ou'di''Ig d V ? reddog uleuulddeeluape;e3 e^l 0uc 'eulu8l unlleqel lnq eql uo rllec Jo s,ro.l pe1e3er33u,{lesuep lo peJedslle,t,t eJou ro rno; a,reqsnueSqns eql ur serceds11y 'Dtltq ') 'rruou4{oq 'pwauolo) pua oapocslp ) ? Surpnlcur s(rtJe?qtsouapppJ ul paceldosle ere sl?dospuu sleled Suol SuIIcBl sarcadseuos 'uorlrppe ul 'sryrycoqa1q4snue?qns ur peceld sr qcrq,r Pe. 'dl|.or? '3 osouawolJ aq ro; ldecxesprqcro reprds eq1 11e sepnlcuJ 11 snueSeql ur epelJpa^uep lsoru JO 'elr eql sI eroq peqrJJsrun:.x)su DwauolDJ snue8qnsotuapolo3luql .troqs( lqndun 7z /a seroy) eouurlle oruapplp) eqllo selpnlsecuenbes y11q N$eysnllqoqalla snue8qnspue srry.zouoyotgsr.ue8qns ul paJeld oreq sapeds pepnlJu! e\'owauopJ ';ces Dluapvlo) pelpeJl(€/gl) rueqtueg ueq/(\

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's,,',rorpelv8ar?3u ,{lesuep ro pecedsy1e,r eJorr.r Jo lnoJ ur 'ecuyns equey olur dpcarrp peuesur'essql€ ee4 rllec ayelrdecq1v'r'rEln8ueul Jo peqolrJl'e,toqesnorqel3 eururel isa?epuadde '?uoy 'spru,trlceq aqrl-u:oq perred 3un1ce1 ruru Z upql ssel / ula :wqpqo? IBluozroq r dlatur 'spre,ndn '8uol puu Jo spJ€1r\u,ropdlpcrya,l ro dlenbqqo pyeq un Z upql eJoruflensn s1z1ag

'fuoo.rdu1 peppu elou ees) papelas eraq ed.{logceloeu'1pur1 "{tuag 'tr6s opnot8uol oruapolo) :adtJ (1gg :9191) 9 ye:lsnv IC |1pur1l owauoloS D?uappp) - ''tpul-I '(6g0d (OtAr) gt X uB,,$S8eA qcret s pwauopJ p oruapo1ol - ,U tQ) 91 ouotalpurT '[rg .7 a'V t reddoH ( qtuag) se] rg d V 3 raddoH ( lpur-D ButauolsC snuaSqnseruapup3

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'u^ior( 'dV .(S o! aprrtt) Z:,{3olop[]rr0 usrrBrtsnvuatso/d ? raddoH (to lvlyrsiavol. 14.No. U2 (200r) s,D 44

mm' Labellwn fleshy' 3-lobed mm.Petals horizontal to somewhatdowncurved, 1-5 cm x 254 stdpes'terminating oUr"ur"ly),prominently 2-coloued, white with pink to redmdiating 1-rorn"t1ln", on a claw 3-4 mm wide; lamina in a uniformfy Oart maroonto pink recurvedaPex' stiffly articulate basal thhd curving from erect to linear-cordatein outline when flattened, 2O-23 x !1-1'5 mm' marginsat widestpoint rrorirootut,middle third nearlyhorizontal, apical third sharplyrecurved, latemllobes obliquely ascending ."u..iy ".-"0 up*ardsand t;rminated by slightlyascending calli; clubbed narrowly fusiform dark *i tt "n,ir" .urgin, n"u, the claw, becoming-fimbriatewith stout areabruptly decrescent near maroonto pinklsometimeswhite-tipped) calli to 4 mm long which. calli decrescenttowards the apex. Inlotou";'ioiino Iniatou" .argins with shortbroad forward-facing obtuse topink' sometimes "olli in 4 ro*s Jxtendingat least 3/4 the length of thelabellum' dark maroon sessile' Column 1'5-20 x7- white atbase, golf stick-shaped,decrescent towa;s apexand becoming c' 4 x 4 mm' darkmaroon to ri-m, Uroaif *inged, creamyyeltow with red-Pinkblotch es Anther yellow-greenCapszle not seen' pini. iottinia i. : ri. tong,y.tlo* . Stigmac' 4-5 mm wide'

Augustaand east to theAlbany area, Distiburion andhabitar. occurs frcm capeNatulaliste south to Peppermintlow woodlandson ;;;;td; a few kilometresof the c;ast. Growsin heathand soil "on.ltiau,"Ocoastal dunes and limestone outcrops in well drained

Floweringperiod. September to October'

expanded)'alluding to the Etymology.Namedfrom IheLatil. applanatu't (flattened or horizontally flattenedlabellum.

with robustfleshy flowers of Nores.A commoncoastal specres in theCaladenia huegelli complex in its largerdull marconto variablecolouration, most ciosely allied to C' paludosa,httdiffering Pink thebasal lamina white with petalsand sepals, longer clubs (to 40 mm),a moreflattened labellumwith soils' pint to t"a ,udiutingittip"s,and its near-coastalhabitat in well drained

PERTH00?93310)resemble Plantseast ofAlbany (e.g. TwoPeoplesBay Nature Reserve CSIRO 77' requiresfurther investigation. C. appianataAtt aveeiecl tateral loLes on ihe labellum.Their status

differin colourand other minor We recognizetwo subspecies'They within Cdladenia applanan'These NationalPark with differentbut .ofnotogJl "n.acters. growsympahically il William Bay to fire (seebelow)' ;;;;i;;ffs I"*|G times,anialso app;arto differ in theirresPonse

Key to subspeciesof Cala.lenia applnnata

Flowersdull maroonwith creammarkings and suffusions subsp.applanata Labellumlamina with calli to 3 mm tall "" """" """"' to 2 mm tall ".'' subsp.erubesceis 1l Flowersuniformly pale pinl. I-abellumlamina with calli

Caladeniaapplanata Hopper & A.P.Br' subsp'apPlanata

typicat Illustr ations.W , Nicholls,olchids of Au St|a|ia,p|zte 252a|asCaladenia wctinara -specimen] plate68 C' huegeliil(1984).; c. woot"o"k & D. Woolcock,Austrata; Tenestdal orchids' [as iilol;; andrev2ndednwith it. ttoiiman&a. Brown,Orchidsofsouth-WestAustralia,2nd edn, p.101(1992) suppl.,p. 101(1998). '\rrjt?d lS ,{q u^\sro '?rurllod-A\:luo.gurorJuurnloc-A:lll?c-n:e8uuJunlleqel-I:re.&og-slueld-S6SZtraddoqOS 'eeJe re^ry to'Ig8l?Neqt \torl otrato ) /d-U srunlod- O:luo{ uro{ urunlo. - d:rtlec - O:o8ur{ unlloqel- N - -I - ') :ap!suro{ urunloopue Iunllgqel W :re^\oll :lueld ) 6IL u$ug d y llo)stula) wotl Dlorluaro O-)' qll 'rler - - -H'.tueld-D raddoq ',{?g tusIIII^\ tuo{ st/arsrgrr'dsqns I:o8urq tunlleqel I:r6,trog ZSZV oS :(t DtruolddoJ l-D ttto4 !Io4 uurnlot- C :Ipt - g:o8uuJunlleqEl- C:apls ulo{ uunlor pus unlloq?l- C:ro,,i\og-B 'LSZ| :tueld - V raddoq A'S'.drsou entuN Ius-u?no uro{ otDuDlddDdsql|6 tt otdd' tluapDIDC C-V Z ernSld lu:

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Scape25-50 cm tall. Flowers 1or 2(3), dull maroonwith cream markings and suffusions;floral odour absent. Labellum 3-lobed, white with red radiating stdpes, terminating in a uniformly dark maroonrecurved apex; laterallobe with marginalcalli dark maroorr Lttmina callito3 mmtall. Anther F maroon.(Figure 2,A F) il;

Selectedspecimens €rdm in ed WESTERN AUSTRALIA: 1.5km N of Gracetownon CowaramupBay Rd.Leeuwin-Naturaliste National Park, 33"51'S, 114"59'E,4 Oct.1983,5.D. Hopper 3427 (PERTH I 00267473);5 km SW of Yallingup,2 km S of CanalRocks turnoff on CavesRd, 33'41'S, 115'00'E' IT 5 Oct. 1983,S.D. Hopper 3449 (PERTH 00267015);William Bay National Park,3 5 km W ofOcean 'E, BeachRd on MooneyValley Rd,8 km SSWofDenmark, 35'01'S, 117'21 7 Oct l'984,5.D.Hopper 4253(PERTH 00267066); Boat Harbour, 100 m NW ofShacks,32 km ESEof Walpole,29km WSW F of Denmark, 35'02'S, 117'0-5'E,7 Oct. 1984,S.D. Hopper 4260 (CBG, PERTH 00267074);Moses Rock,33'46'S, 114"59'E',25 Sep.1986, S.D. Hopper 5551(PERTH00fi74175); West CapeHowe t- NationalPark, 0.8 km due S of Lake William, 35'07'S, 71'7"36'8,9Oct 1987,S D. Hopper 6221 (PERTH01667033); Cape Naturaliste Lighthouse,33'32'S, 115"01'E, 28 Oct 1985,L. Nunn 552 (PERTH F 01709526).

Distribution arul habildl. Occursfrom CapeNaturaliste south to Augusta and eastto the Albany area, F alwayswithin a few kilometresof the coast.Grows irr heathand Peppermintlow woodlandson I consolidatedcoastal dunes and Iimastoneoutcrops. (Figure 3B)

Fktwering period. Septembcrto October.

Note.r.This is the more common and widespreadof the two subspeciesof CaLadeniaapplanuta, occurringfrom CapeNaturaliste to the Albany area,and characterisedby its dull marooncolours, absenceof floral odour,more prominent lateral labellum Iobes, longer calli on the labellumlamina; laterflowering whgq sympatric,and ability to flower in abundancein the absenceof fire. Fi- Caladeniaapplanata subsp. erubescens Hopper & A.P.Br ., subsp. nov.

A subsp.applo\ota florum colore diluto-roseodilTert FI Iypu-s:William BayNational Park, 3.5 km westofOcean Beach Rd on MooneyValley Rd, 8 km south- south-westof Denmark.35'01'S, 11'7"2I'8,Western Australia, 7 October1984, S.D Hopper 4252 (holo:PERTH 00264083; l-so: AD!, CBG!,K!, MEL!). Ht*' Illustrotions. W.Stolramire,Aust.J. Bot.31:385, figure I A IasCaladeniahuegelii] (1983); N Hoffman & A. Brown,Orchids of South-WestAustralia, 2nd edn, p. 100(1992) and rcv. 2nd edn with suppl.,p 100 (1998). F

Scape25-40 cm tall. F LowersI or 2, pink with creammarkings and suffusions;floral odour faintly pink stdpes, terminating in a F to strongly s'Neet.Labellum obscurely 3-lobed, white with radiating ti uniformly dark pink recurved apex; Iateral lobe with marginal calli pink. Lamina calli to 2 mm tall. Anther pink. (Figute 2G-J)

Selectedspecimens examined. WESTERN AUSTRAIIA: William Bay National Park, 12 km SW of Denmark,7.5 km SE of Parryville,32"05'S, 117'17'8, 7 Oct. 1984,S.D. Hopper 4255 (PERTH Fil c '.otouordd,dsqls otototddo ) - s '.suazsaqnDdsq.* o,ouDtddD Druap,pJ - i'"!i!-7;frir7i"i{"i ?r;rf, H Jo

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00909572);3km SW of PeacetulBay store,35'02'S,116'55'E, 13 Nov. 1985,S.D. Hopper 4725 L (PERTI{00908029); William Bay, 1964,W. Rogerson 276 (PERTH 00267481). d

Distribution and habitat Confined to coastalareas between William Bay and PeacefulBay (west of a Denmark), growing in heath and Peppermint low woodlands on consolidated coastal dunes. b (Figure 3.A) l( lz li Flowering period. Septemberto early October. tI d Etyuology. Named from the Latin erubescens(teddening, blushing, rose), alluding to the pink floral d colourationwhich contrastswith the dull maroon of subsp.applanata. al b Noles. Although locally common this subspecieshas a very restricteddistribution in the William Bay d area,It differs from the nominatesubspeciesin its pink floral colours,sweet floral odour,obscure lateral labellum lobes, shorter labellum lamina calli, earlier flowering when sympatric, and flowering s abundantlyonly after fire. R 0 Caladenia applanata stbsp. erubescenscould be confused with C. gardneri due to its pink s. colouration, but it is a more robust plant with a much larger labellum and thicker darker clubs. a) C. gardneri and both subspeciesof C. applanata have been found growing together. L 01 Cafadenia arenicola Hopper & A.P. Br., sp. nov. 3l N A speciebusceteris gregis Caladenia huegelii H. G. Reichb.petalis sepalisque rigidis, variabilibus L suffusionibusatro-manoninis, sepalis lateralibus 5-7.5 cm longis et 4-6 mm latis cum clavis diluto- 0 brunneis20-42 mm longis, petalis patentibusad plus minusve recurvatis,4--6cm longis et 3-5 mm R latis,plerumque cum clavispergracilibus 12-25 mm longis,labello 18-28 mm longoet 12-17mm lato, lamina basalialba cum lineis roseisradiantibus, labelli fimbria cum segmentisgracilibus acutis marroninis,saepe cum apicis albis ad 8 rnm longis differt. L dr "45'S, Typus:2kmnorthof OceanReefRd on thewest sideofJoondalup Drive [westofWanneroo], 31 115"48'E,WestemAustralia,3 September1985,S.D. H opper 4478(holo: PERTH 01751.611.: iso: ADl, cBG!, K!, MEL!). E Illustrations. R. Erickson, Orchids of the West, 2nd edn, ftontispiece 4, las Caladenia pectinataf al (1965);E. Bennett,The BushlandPlants of Kings ParkWestem Australia, (figure 223,las C. huegeliil; (1988); A.S. George& H.E. Foote, Orchids of Westem Australia, p.3 top left photo,las C. huegeliil (undated);N. Hoffman & A. Brown, Orchidsof South-WestAustralia, 2nd edn,p. 105 (1992) and rev. at 2nd ednwith suppl.,p. 105 (1998). Fr rtl P/ant solitary or in loose clumps.Zeal15-25 cm x 5-12 mm, linear, erect,pale green,basal third S. usually irrcgularly blotchedwith red-purple.Scape 30-60 cm tall. F lowers 7 or 2(3), c. 6-8 cm across, Y predominantlyred maroon to pale yellow with variable suffusions,lines and spotsof dull maroon to pink; floral odour absent.Sepals and petals stiffly held, linearlanceolatein basalthird, then abruptly narrowing to a long-acuminate apex; osmophore slightly tumescent,2042 mm long on sepals, 12-25 mm long (occasionallyabsent?) on petals,light brcwn, consistingof minute denselypacked c( globular sessileglandular cells. Dorsal sepal erect and slightly incurved, 5-7.5 cm x 2.5-3.5 mm. hr 'tull eql Jo sollJunl eql 1Bqued Jo sqmqns uequou eql uI puBq^\oJ]Pu u u1ngtoa8 J qll& sazpuq,(q 'uollBinoloJ op?MaJD')'spuvsu€apuessBgululd IBts€oCuu^\S eql uo uollnqulslp pu€lul elotu slI puE pe{ 'll1zc 'seroqdourso 'sl3 re{Iup {l[€nsn sll leurSruruurnlyeqel peqqnlt .{llqSllslegoqs slt ]apuelselou qlll'r sl€dasslr'seroqdouso q1rm,{11unsnspledraSuol slt ur ta3.toa83 uor; sragtp z1ocua.o DluapDloJ dnc ol rl 'du1re,ro 'ssc sa8uer4eq1 e:eq,lit (ooreuuel6 Jo ls€e-quou)sore dusnas IsoI 'sPuus eql ur pueq ,trorJeuE ur ozlpyq{q ol ftedde satcedsom1 eq1 usopuesstrguI ul€ld IElseoJue,,lrs PJII '31o eql uo spu€lpool(IrI (oato1 uorleltLdodledu3 lcunfstpeql loJ ldacxe)qlnos lequnJ ecuellnJcosll 'seJoqdouso 'oarol ') pue Jeuoqsqlr,tr s1u1ed pue sledas1u:e1e1 pleq ,{UJIlsJeuoqs sll ut sle!!\p \ worl 'ta8toaB 2pueoatol ?olperIIBslU (9961;euueg S'a)ryaBanq3serc(gg6ya[4'?'a)otouwad2su 'sa;olg peluorluooq {lsnol^erd seqqcrq,trxelduroa4P8anq owapopr oqlJo selJedsuoluujoc,{11eco1y ltu, :llrt 'perdncco leltqeq dpues ,{rp eq1o1 Surpnlp Iou '(luelrququr're[a,tl.p) alor- xtgns eql pue (ece1d,{pues'pues) ouato u\e'Ieqtwo4pewultr't8o1outt1g 'io 'reqolcgo1 1sn3ny a1e1 'pouad Suuauolg 's,i (39 ern8rg)pu€s peurelp -1e,trdoop u1 puelpoo,r ,rol ,ar,rpnso2ollvl\erreflotell/r8r uI s^\oJc'doopel o1qlnos pue uIIoJue'I uro4 pu8lurulsld ue^\saql Jo ssunouBepuesssg aql ol peur$]oJtptlqoq puo uotlnqtrlslQ SIIN lels€oc 'olr '(ftSftgOO 'u's FIfUAa) aauv\ ulu '9t6I 'des 'eppuourord 'eruu?lloN -oll 6 pueropue lS re^rlo Jo uoltcosrelulJo AN :(Z/?82800HJUAd) 'u's 'v'006I'lco 'uol8uluu€J '5'trut 'uog113 snq alptnd / :(sooeezoogruaa) 8s6rmad de591 e1u1 'pU 'deS 'quad '{red uoUItJ (60I699I0HJUqd) /9I I I taLP!aX t'9'696t €Z JoN ruI09 IEuoll€N 'A,eU.Stt'S,et.Ze daqcuel'a?prgpt:c4'.(6y17g7gg 111694) 7y1y nddo11 OS't86I daSZt 'pu 'pEor .)Ired q?ee8uolsord uo tunqung-q?rnPuelNJo id tu 00€ 1euor1u51druo31e1 :(pllztz\\ 'O'S '€86I 'A,LS"SU'S,'O.Z€ 'lS '3ultuea1 HJUAd) 969€DddoH des IZ qlnosJo S u.tggy o 'DgJ) 'A,8Z.Stt 'S, 'spg :(t88r€200HJUAd BL€tDddoq OS'986t d"S Er S0.Z€ qruIJIIngpue 'sql uouer{lAJo JeuJor Jo eprs A\'acrJJo lsod olluroqJJo S tu{ 0y'e1e,r.3uruuu31(1g9ZtZ00HJU!Id) t/'s {ul swpH'V' L6BI daS,IIlrorsrute):(99929200 HIUAd) ? s,{qpoogJ g'Zt6I pO 9t )ot's:(0I9ZtZ00 'u's 'V) 'W6I '3ny '3uuepun11 '65p) 117494) nuptog 69 :(OEttteOOHtUga 9179,{aa,ro3 y '916I 'des 'A,8S.91I'S,89oIe 'alep^\o) r :VI1V)LLSnVN\gLSEtl{^'paulwoxa suawrcads palca|ag 3ul 'lees 'IreerS-,tro11e,{ [€Ja (6-y7 e:n8lg) toualnsdoJ 4ep ,{et 'epr,^^. 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Spearwoodand Bassendeandunes (e.g. Joondalup area). Like many other membercof the C. hueBelii T complex, C. arenicola also hybridizes occasionallywith C. longicaud.awhen sympatric. I 0 Caladenia arenicoLais still common in bushlandremnants within highly developedurban areas s such as Kings Park near Perth and Wireless Hill near Booragoon. I F Cafadenia arrecta Hopper & A.P. Br., sp. nov. v I J. A speciebusceteris gregis Caladenia longiclavata E. Coleman petalis sepalisquesaepe atro- D marroninis suffusionibus,sepalis llateralibus 2-3.5 cm longis et 2-4 mm latis cum clavis 10-17 mm longis, petalisrigidis, 2-2.5 cm longis et 2-4 mm latis, cum clavis 5-10 mm longis, labello l2-14 mm longo et 7*10 mm lato, labelli fimbria ad 4 mm longa et callis ordionum distinctorumparibus duobus discretisdispositis diffen. s( in

?ypus:3.5 km eastof GreatNorthern Highway on StephensRd, 5 km north-eastof Bindoon, 31.22,S, 116'09'E, WesternAustralia, 31 August 1984,5.D.Hopper 3990(rc'lo..PERTH 0O274216;iso: ADl, cBG!, K!). El uI Illustrations. W.H. Nicholls, Orchids of Australia, plale 247 fas Caladenia Longiclavatal(1969); N. Hoffman & A. Brown, Orchids of South-WestAustralia, 1st odn, p. 102,las C. longicluvata var. magniclavatal (198a); C. Woolcock & D. Woolcock, Australian Terrestrial Orchids, plate 198, '!2 Ias C. longiclavata var. magniclavatal (1984); D. L. Jones,Native Orchids of Australia,p. andp. 126 Iot photo on bottom left las C. magniclavatal (1988); N. Hoffman & A. Brown, Orchids of South-West OI Australia,2nd edn,p. 129(1992) and rev. 2nd ednwith suppl.,p. 129(1998). be "r(

P/czt solitaryor in looseclumps.l-cc/erect, linear, 10-30 cm x 6-20 mm, palegreen, basal third di1 usually irregularly blotchedwith red-purple.Scape 12-35 cm tall. Flowers 1or 2(3), c. 3-5 cm across, Fil predominantlyred maroon to paleyellow with variablesuffusions, lines and spots ofdull maroon;floral ou odour absent.Sepals and petals stiffly held, linear in basalhalf, then abruptly narrowing for 1-2 mm beforeexpanding to an osmophore;osmophore tumescent, l0-17 mm longon sepals,5-10 mm long Ca on petals,light brownto yellow,consisting of minutedensely packed globular sessile glandular cells. Dorsal sepal erect and slightly incurved, 2.5-4 cm x 2 3 mm. Lateral sepals straight, spreading obliquely downwards, 2.5-4 cm x 4-5 mm. Petals upcurved with a vertical apex, 2-3 cm x apl 2-3 mm. Labellum 3Jobed,prominently 2-coloured, yellowish-green with pink to red radiating st pes,terminating in a uniformly dark maroon recurvedapex, stiffly adiculateon a claw c. 1-2 mm Tyt wide; lamina linear-cordate to cordate with a broadly obtuse apex in outline when flattened, Au 12-16 x7-72mm,basal third curving from erectto oblique,middle third curving to horizontal,apical third sharply recuwed, margins at widest point scarcelycurved upwards and terminatedby slightly ascendingcalli; laterallobes erect to obliquely ascendingwith entiremargins nearthe claw, becoming usu fimbriate with slender slightly clubbed linear dark maroon calli to 4 mm long which are abruptly pre decrescentnearmidlobe;midlobe margins with shortslenderslightly forward-facing obtusesometimes odc hookedcalli decrescent towards the apex .Laminacalliin2pairs ofrows (with a cleargapbetween them) bef extendingat least3/4 the lengthofthe labellum,dark maroon,golf stick-shaped,the longestc. 2.5 mm tall, decrescenttowards apex and becoming sessile. Column 10-75 x'l 9 mm, broadly winged, dark pac dull maroon with pale yellow blotches.A nther c. 2.5 x 2.5 mm, yellow-maroon.po llinia c. 2.5 mm 3.5- long, yellow. Stigma c. 2.5 mm wide, dark dull maroon. Capsule not (Figure seen. 2R-W) thel Lab Selectedspecimens exarrined WESTERNAUSTRAIIA:Walpole,34"59'S, 116'43'E,27 Sep.1960, rect ForestsDepqrtmenl r.n. (PERTH 00282839);Mahogany Creek, 31'54'S, 116'08'E, 16 Aug. 1930, cun 'pevenE; x 0Z-ZI uoq,treurJlno ur elnae puu reln8ueul dlaa.oueueqolptru oql pue pJs^\loJpa^lnJ '09 'xed? secrdeeqol lereyeleql qlJ,trelelssrl euruBI :?pr,trruu t-Z J ^\elc Buo alslnJruedlesool pe^lnco.r '09 'uaat8-qslaollod 'pelnoloc-Z'peqoJ-t uooreut1rep,{1uuo;run e ur Surlruruuel f,lluawuotd wnyaqoT 'ruru 'spru,tru,rrop €-Z x ruc g-g € dlenbqqoSurpeerds lq8re.rls s1ala4. ,{11ec1ga.,r spre.,,,idn Sur,unc ueql rur S I-I ISIIJerll roJ leluozrJorl ^\oleq plrq'ruu i g xrlJg-S tslDdaslpplDT'urrnt-Zxwx L-S.E 'pe^lnrur 'slIea tuu ,{llueuruord o1 dpq8rls pue pan lodas pstoe re1npue18alrssas .rulnqop pelred 'u,{\o.rq IIE ,{lesuapelnuru;o Surlsrsuoc lq8q's1u1eduo 3uo1uflu g1-7'spdes pre1e1uo 3uo1urru g7-g 'ludes 'luerseurnl uIu ps.ropuo SuoIrnuJ0Z-'2, (pq8r1satoqdoruso leroqdourso ue ur SurleuruuelatoJaq 'prlql 'ppt1f,g]Jys (u, ru:o;tn; puu Sut,rirouuufpdnrqe uaql lesequl rpeurt qolad puo s1oda5luesqe rnopo 'suorsnJJns seu IuJolJ:uoorcruIInpJo slodspue seulT elqcrJeAqlrrrr,ro11a,{-qsrueuB o1ueerB ,{pueururoperd 'ssorre '(t)7 ,{tr, trrr /-t ? to l uauolg'11eyuc 9tr-71 adocg'aldtnd-pu q1r,rpeqclolq ,(guln8aln fllensn 'ueeJ8 ?ul pJrql lBspq eJud'uJtu71-g x urc gzj'&evrl lceJe/ra1 sdunlc esool ut ro fuz111os7azJ3, fn,

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15 24mm, basalthird erect,distal2l3horizontalexcept for a shortly recurvedapex, margins at widest point deeply curved upwards and terminatedby vertically ascendingcalli; lateral lobes erect with entireproximal marginsfrom theclaw to theapex, then abruptly fimbriate combJikewith slenderlinear yellowish-greencalli to 5 mm long which aredecrescent (sometimes abruptly) nearmidlobe; midlobe margins with short slenderslightly forward-facing obtusesimple calli decrescenttowards the apex. Lamina calli ln 4 denselycongested rows extendingat least 3/4 the length of the labellum (onto the dark maroon apex), dark purplish-maroon,golf stick-shaped,the longest c. 4 mm tall, decrcscent towardsapex and becomingsessile. Column 1,5-20x 6 8 mm, narrowly winged, wings flat nearbase, pale yellow-greenwith pinkish blotches. Anther c.2 x 2 mm, greenish-yellow . Pollinia c.3 mm long, yellow, Stigma c. 3 rnm wide, dark dull maroon to pale greeL Capsule not seeL

Distribution and habilat Occursbetween Perth and the Balladonia-IsraeliteBay area,growing in a rangeofhabitats from low coastalheath, Marri/Janah woodlands and dense Karri forestto drier mallee woodlands,salt lake marginsand graniteoutcrops. Soil is usually deepsand or sandyclays. However, plants occasionallymay also be found in heavy lateritic loams and shallow granitic soil.

Flowering period. Late Septemberto November.

Etymology.Named from the Lalin attingens(reaching to, attaining),alluding to the calli which in this speciesextend onto the dark maroonlabellum apex.

Not€s.A locally common specieswithcolourful green,yellow andmaroon flowers.It is closely related to Caladenia falcata but differs in its smaller brightly coloured flowers, its petals always with osmophores,its columnlobes flat (notcrenulate) near the base,its somewhatsmaller labellum with laminacalli extendingfurther out onto the maroonlabellum apex.C. attingensoccasionally hybridizes wlth C. longicauda.

Caladenia ottingens has two subspecies,with a zone of intergradationon creeklines between Jerramungupand north-westof Ravensthorpe.

Key to subspeciesof Caladenia attingens

1. Labellum lamina 18-24 mm wide. Lateral sepals3-6 mm wide. Occursbetween Jerramungup and Perth. Flowering late September to November...... subsp.attingens l: Labellumlamina 15-17 mm wide. Lateralsepals 2-3 mm wide. Occursbetween Jerramungup and IsraeliteBay. Flowering late August to earlyOctober.... subsp.gracillima

Caladenia attingens Hopper & A.P. Br. subsp.atting€ns

Illustrations. N. Hoffman & A. Brown, Orchidsof South-WestAustralia, 2nd edn, p. 777 (7992) and rev.2nd ednwith suppl.,p. 117 (1998). Fig. and x 78-24 mm. (Figure 4A-D) Lateral sepals3.5-6 cm x 3-6 mm. Ic bellum lamina 1410 J-( and arca Dyi '{c!lsd fS ,{q u^1er( lll?c /d :e8ur{ unlleqel- A :eprsurorJ uunloc puErunllaqsl - n lra^rct}- J :Nei - S g8'l )addoq Q S ndta aJJrlcqrlr^\uro{ ,r?rt?, ? iA{ erurtlod- U :luor}rIIo{ llrunloo O :rlpc - d :e3uuJunlloq?l - O :luorJtuor] uunloa pur '.yreg unlloqel N :raMog- tlt --l 6ILu org d y SJJJlrqIoNtuo{ rrn{orq , d{ ?IuIIIod-)t :op!soro.g uurnloc - f !uo{ ruo.rJuurnloc - I :rtler - H :e8uuJunlJaqsJ-g :lso{ uro{ uunloc pu! unlleqel -J:lueld-g 9lL u^tug dV 'solreq:l Ipad wo4 oullllro.t8 dsqnss/a3rurr, ) a lllEc - C:o8uuJ urnllsqEl- J luo+ tuo+ uunlot pue un eqet - g :$Eld - V E6Zt )addoH C,S ter? u,rolerelC wor! sua8ulltt, dsqnssaaSaqrz DluapqD) O-y t er|8r.t

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Selectedspecimens examlned. WESTERN AUSTRAIIA: BramleyRd,5 km NNEof MargaretRiver, 33'55'S,115"04'E, 15 Oct. 1985,A. ,Browz 254 (PERTH 00905453); 24 km E of Busselton,on Evans Rd at thepicnic area, 33'40'S, 1r5"36'E,2 Oct.1983,D. Cooper76 (PERTH 00233420); 9 km E of Northcliffe,off MuirillupRd,34"10'S, 1-16'40'E,20 Oct.7984,G. Gardner s.n. (PERTH 00233439); lreuwin-NaturalisteNational Park, 4 km SSWofYallingup, on CavesRd, 33'41'S, 115'01'E, 5 Oct. 1983,S.D. Hopper 3445(PERTH 00331856); c. 1.5 km S of BrooktonHighway along seasonal creekline,2.6 km E of WarradaleRd, 32"79'5,1.76'32'E,20 Ocl 1987,S.D. Hopper 6245 (PERTII 01667467);Nuyts Wildemess Walk Trail, c. 1.5km S of TinglewoodRd, 10km WSW of Walpole, 35'00'S, 116'37'E, 28 Oct. 1987,S.D. Hopper 6289 (PERTH 011925O7);Deeside Coast Rd, 10km S of ChesapeakeRd, 34'52'S, 116"15'F,,29 Oct.1987, S.D. Hopper 6297 (PERTH 01711660); Cape Naturaliste,Sugarloaf Rock road, 7 Oct.7982,G.J. Keighery 5293 (PERTH 00235792). _ Distributionand habitat.Occurs between Perth and the Jerramunguparea, growing in a rangeof habitatsfrom low coastalheath to Manidarrahwoodlands and dense Karri forest.Soil is usuallydeep sandor sandyclays. However, plants may alsooccasionally be foundin heavylatedtic loams and shallowgranitic soil. (Figure 5,A)

Floweringperiod. Late September to November.

Nolej, A commonsubspecies found in largenumbers in areasof suitablehabitat. It differsfrom Caladeniqattingens subsp. graciLlima in its broaderlateral sepals and labellum, westerly range of distributjonand later flowering period.

Cafadeniaattingens subsp. gracillima Hopper & A.P.Br., subsp. nov.

A subsp.atlizgers floribus minoribus, distributione geographica plus orientaliet florentiplus maturediffert. t ?ypas:Elverdton, south-east of Ravensthorpe,33'37'S, 120'08'E,Westem Australia, 9 September 7971,A.5.George 10973b (holo; PERTH00235318).

Illustrations.N. Hoffman& A. Brown,Orchids of South-WestAustralia, 2nd edn, p. 118(1992) and rev.2nd edn with suppl., p. 118 (1998).

Lateralsepals 3-5.5 cm x 2-3 rnm.Labellum lamina 12-I'7 x 15-17mm. (Figure 4E-K)

Selectedspecimens examined. WESTERN AUSTRAIIA: RavensthorpeRange, 2 Sep. 1968, E.M-Bennett2534(PERTH 00235369); Rock Hole Rd near creek, Munglinup, 5 Aug.1980,A.Brown s.z. (PERTH00331791); Fitzgerald River, between Ravensthorpe and Jerramungup, 8 Sep.1979, A. Browns.n. (PERTH 00235768); W slopeof Mt Ney,33"24'S,L22"28'E,7Attg.1980,A.S. George 15860(PERTH 00261912); Wittenoom Hills,47 km NE ofEsperance, 33'28'S, 122"08'E,8 Oct. 1985, S.D.Hopper 4685 (PERTH 00908568);c. 17 km NW ofJerramungup,33'49'S,118"48' E,24 Sep. 1988, S.D.Hopper 6793 (PERTH 01698443); 9.5 km NE of HattersHill, on theLake Hope track, 32'45' S, 120'02'E,28 Sep.1988, S.D. Hopper 6869 (PERTI{ 01698427); 23km N ofBremerBay and 5km NW of W Mt Barren,34'11'S, 119"24'E, 3 Oct.90,S.D. Hopper 7874 (PERTH 1828894); Peak Charles, 32"53'S,121"10'E, 8 Sep.91, S.D. llopper 8161(PERTH 1829068); Mt Willgonarinya,c. 72 km S of BalladoniaMotel, Eyre Highway,15 Sep.1980, K.R. Newbey7401 (PERTTI 00331813); Mount Figr Ridley,E of GrassPatch, 20 Aug. L978,D.R. yotgr54pp (PERTH 00233463). B-

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Distribution and habitqt. Grows betweenJerramungup and Balladonia-IsraeliteBay, in moist sler situationsunder scattered mallee eucalypts and dense shrub thickets adjacent to watercourses, granite mi( outcrops,and salt lake margins. Soils are sandy-clays or granitic-loams.(Figure 5,A) dec lab Floweringperiod Augustto earlyOctober. c,2

Etymology.Named from theLatin gracilir (thin,slender), alluding to themore slender labellum and Pol lateralsepals of this subspecies. (F{

Noles.A commonand widespread subspecies often found in largenumbers in areasofsuitable habitat. Eeh It differsfrom Calndeniaattingens s\bsp, qttingens it its generallysmaller flowers, its narrower LL6 labellumand lateral sepals, and its moreeasterly distribution between Jerramungup and Israelite Bay. (BE The distributionofC. qttingenss\bsp. gracillima overlapsthatof C. attingenssubsp. attingens inthe €br Jerramungupto north-westofRavensthorpe area, where intergrading populations along watercourses lEra havebeen found (e.g.S.D. Hopper 6824,6830). Howeyer, these two subspeciesremain distinct rqo2 ffi2 throughoutmost of theirwide geographicalranges. .{.u,6 Cafadeniabrownii Hopper,sp. nov. HE @ .Sfs A speciebusceteris gregis Calad.enia huegefii H. G. Reichb.petalis sepalisque rigidis variabilibus atro-manoninissuper abscedente diluto-viride, sepalis lateralibus 3.5-6.5 cm longiset tu'b suffusionibus 19r\1 3.5-5 mm latis,plerumque descentibus cum clavisdiluto-vel atro-brunneis 7-25 mm longis,petalis patentibusad aliquantumrecurvatus, declinatis,3-5 cm longiset 2-4 mm latiscum clavis 4-17 mm Pt longis,labello15-27 mm longoet 11-16mm lato,laminabasali diluto-viride cum lineis radiantibus wo( marroninisprominentibus ad inconspicuis,labelli fimbria segmentisgracilibus acutis manoninis Alb compositis,plerumque ad apicemalbjis, ad 10 mm longisdiffert. 0J!l c,;.,ufiti ?yprs:Creek Rd, c. 400m west-south-westof Hilltop Rd,north-east of Walpole,34'57'5,116'46'E, WestemAustmlia,23 October 1987,S.D. Hopper 6283 (holo: PERTH 01751638;iso: AD!, CBG!,K!, NELD.

Illustratians.M.Pocock, Ground Orchids ofAustralia, photo33,fasC. pectinata] (1972); N. Hoffman & A. Brown,Orchids of South-WestAustralia, 2nd edn, p. 108(1992) and rev. 2nd edn with suppl., p. 108(1998).

Plazt solitaryor in looseclumps. Zeal 10-25cm x 5-10 mm,linear, erect, pale green, basal third usuallyirregularly blotched with red-puryle.Scape3V60 cmtall. Flowers'1. or 2(3),c. ,t-8 cmacross, withvariabledarkmaroon suffusions on a greenish-yellowbackground; floral odour absent. Sepak and petclsstiffly held,linear-lanceolate in basal third, then abruptly narrowing to a long-acuminateapex; osmophoretumescent, T-25 mm longon sepals,4-17 mm longon petals,lightto darkbrown, consisting ofminutedensely packedglobular sessile glandularcells. Darsalsepalercctandslightly incurved,3.5- 6.5cmx2.5-3 mm.Zateral sepals spreading and downcurved,3.5-{.5 cm x 3-6 mm.Pehls upcuwed, horizontalor somewhatdowncurved, 3-5 cm x 24 mm.Labellurn 3-lobed (sometimes obscurely), prominently2-coloured, greenish-yellow with pinkto redradiating stripes and suffusions, terminating in a uniformlydark maroon recurved apex, stiffly articulateon a claw 2-3 mm wide;lamina linear- cordateto cordatein outlinewhen flattened, 15-27 x 11-16mm, basalthird curvingfrom erectto horizontal,middle third nearlyhorizontal, apical third hodzontaland sharplyrecurved apically, marginsat widestpoint modentelycurved upwards and terminatedby verticallyascending calli; laterallobes obliquely ascending to erectwith entiremargins near the claw, becoming fimbriate with qlt :III '(i1';993'iqv;osr ',{l <066I terlullsnv 'dnlepurno :tergi9Z0 HJUgd;o1o4)'u syassng g reqolro0Z uelsei& reeu. ffd,{J o1: -.1[ '(ouruorreru-orle 1e;3rp snqrrorSuolsrAel, srledesur uou) oo1n1 3ul 'srolnl acrdeo1e.to snld ollequl snqyolnllp snqrlog :g 4 y te raddoll saaJsapu^ ouapo[)Jy (,( 'pa ',tou 'ds ''tg'4'y q teddog eurlllassnq u1uape1u3 ?ul 'uoseesSurremog re1e1 s1r pue seroqdoruso :xe ' 'ouaa4aqaq ') pul peuatJlql qll^\ sleled sll dq eseqlJo IIe uorJ peqstn8uqsrp.{ltpuer st rru orq j p$e ') 'osopryod 'J 'sua)saput^ 'otDu,lddo 'qaBanq '3 'o1ou4cad 'oau8nttal '3 'ss( stn\nqtpunlur ) 2 3 'xelduoc prl Surpnlcu n|a8anq otuapoloS eql Jo sJeqtuell.tJeqlo IeJeAesqlJ^\ s^\oJD lse,{\-qlnos rai ol aql Jo slclJlslp pelseJoJ11e;uru req8rq eqt lnoq8norql sarcodspee.Idsapt.,vr uoturuoc V satolv 'td 'sprqcJouBJIBIlsnv 'reded uel uJelsed\Jo uorle^resuoceql puc e8po1,,',iouIol uollnqJrluot Sutpuelslnostq;o uopluSocerut 'sJolc lueserdeq1;o pue erleJlsnylselt -qlnos Jo sprqJ.ro peuoleorqJs! erlerlsnv ulelsai[ JoJoqlne-oc puu €ll€rlsnV lsaa-qlnos Jo splqcro uoruruo3;o roqlnu l1un serllunuruoC puu sercadgpoualeo:q1 '(-1961) 'i) uerlellsnv uletsoiA s.l l-lVJ ul tslur?log uato:g d ,trerpuv rr{ reUE peueN (Sotowtl4

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Illustrations. N. Hoffman & A. Brown, Orchids of South-WestAustmlia, 2nd edn, p. 1O2(1992) and inI rev. 2nd edn with suppl.,p. 102 (1998); A. Brown, C. Thomson-Dans,& N. Marchant(eds), Westem difl Australia'sThreatened Flora, p. 114(1998). nar smi P/anr solitary or in loose clumps.Zeal 10 20 cm x 5-10 mm, linear, erect,pale green,basal third usually irregularly blotchedwith red-purple. Scape 2V30 cm lall. Flowers 1.or 2(3), c. 5-8 cm across, creamy-yellowwith occasionalsuffusions, lines and spotsofdull maroonto pink; floral odour absent. col, Sepals and petals stiffly held, linearlanceolate in basal third, then abruptly narrowing to a long- on acuminateapex; osmophore narrowly tumescent,10 20 mm long on sepals,absent from petals, light occ brown, consistingof minute denselypacked globular sessileglandular cells. Dorsol sepal ercct ar:,d of( slightly incurved,3-4.5 cm x34 mm.Lateral sepalsspreading and downcurved,5-5.5 cm x,l-5 mm. Petols horizontal to somewhat downcurved, 3 4.5 cm x 3-4 mm. Labellum 3-lobed (sometimes Cal obscurely),uniformly colouredor occasionallysuffused pink, with pink to red radiatingstripes, stiffly articulateon a claw c. 2 mm wide; lamina cordatein outline when flattened,15-20 x 10-12 mm, basal third nearly horizontal, apical third sharply recurved, third curving from erect to hodzontal, middle et lr marginsat widest point curvedupwards and terminated by obliquely ascendingcalli; laterallobes erect with entire margins within 2 mm of the claw, becoming fimbriate with slender clubbed narrowly Tvp dark maroon to pink (sometimeswhite-tipped) calli to 6 mm long which are abruPtly fusiform PEI decrescentnear midlobe; midlobe margins with short nanow forward-facing obtusecalli decrescent towards the apex.Lamina calli in 4 rows extending at least 213 the length of the labellum, pink, sometimeswhite at base,golf stick-shaped,the longestc. 1.5 mm tall, decrescenttowards apex and IIlu becomingsessile. Column 1,5-18x 6-8 mm,broadly winged,creamy yellow with pink blotches.Anr&€r plat c.2.5x2.5 mm,paleyellowish pink. Pollinia c.2mmlong,flat,yellow.Stigma c. 3 mm wide,yellow- 2nd green, Capsule not seen. N. I

Selectedspecimens exqmined. WESTERN AUSTRALIA: W of Capel, 10 Oct.9'1,S.D- Hopper 8210 (PERTH1829351); Vasse/Yallingup area,1L Oct.91,S.D. Hopper8213 (PERTH); FlowerShow, Sep. usu 1.954,R.D. Royce 4849 (CBG,PERTH 00260959). c.6 odo toa Distribution and habltcr Poorly known. Apparently confined to two sitesat the northem end of the hair Leeuwin-NaturalisteRidge and anotherlocation further north nearCapel, Southem populations grow obli in winter-wet swamps and acidic grey sandy loam beneath Marri \Nith Anigozanthos viridis and 3-5 Caladeniapalwlosa. Near Capel, the single plant seenwas with denseweedy herbs and C. lorea, witl C. C.latifolia andDiuris aff.amplissimc in Tuart woodlandwith a Peppermintunderstorey. Soils flava, outl therewere calcareousgrey sandyloam with scatteredlimestone rock. Flowersbest after summerfire. neaJ (Figure 5C) and the( Flowering period. Late Septemberto October. whir shor Etymology. Named after Mr Greg Bussell (1945-), a descendentof the pioneeringfamily after whom at le Busseltonwas named,and a keen orchid enthusiastwho discoveredand madethe first collections of thel this rare species.Greg and his wife Mary havegreatly assistedour research,particularly on orchids of wrnl the Leeuwin-Naturaliste Ridge where they have farmed and more recently becomechalet owners. lonC

Notes. Caladenio busseLlianais a recently recognizedand very rare orchid (Declared Rare) first Sele collected from an unknown location for a flower show in 1954. The speciessubsequently escaped 434, detectionby orchid enthusiastsuntil 1990.It is one ofonly threemembers of the C. huegelii complex high (cB

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WNW of Rocky Gully, 3 Oct. 1983,S.D. Hopper 34L5(AD, CBG, K, PERTH 00260347);W of Mount Barker, 8 Oct. 1983, S.D. Hopper 3512 (PERTH 00260304); W of Mount Barker, 8 Oct. 1983, bk S.D. Hopper 3521 (PERTH 00260290); Lake Muir, 26 Ocl 7987, S.D. Hopper 6266 (PERTH exr 01443496);W of Mount Barker, 4 Nov. 1.986,G.J. Keighery 8453 (PERTH 00786861). lar apr 6.5 Distribution arul hobitat. Confined to the Mount Barker-Manjimup areawhere it grows around the marginsof winter-wet flats andfresh-water lakes in Jafiah/Marri forestswith Xan thorrhoeapromirj,ent un in theunderstorey, orinMelaleuca cuticulcris low forestandwoodland, Soils aresandy loams. Flowers on in greatestabundance after fire. (Figure 5D) 10 shi Flowering period. Late Septemberto October. VE: fin Etymology. Named after Christine G. Hopper, wife of the senior author and school teacher,who has lor assistedour researchin many ways. ob

Notes.Caladenia christineaeis declaredas RareFlora (Brown el al 1998).The speciesis one ofthe lor smallesfflowered membersof the C. longicauda complex,and differs from most in its short labellum ler fringe, and stiffly held relatively short sopalsand petals. c.

Caladenia christineaegrows with, and flowers at the sametime as, C. longicauda, but doesnot Se appearto hybridize w ith it. C. christineaehas been collected once at the samesite asC. harringtoniae. 92 It afsogrows with, but flowers a monthe arlierthan,C.pholcoidea andC. serolina. FromC. pholcoidea, Rc C, christineae differs in its white colouration,shorter, more stiffly held petalsand sepals,and earlier 72 floweringseason. 00 9( Ofother membersofthe complexgrowing in similar foresth abitat,only Calndenia uliginosa could sic be confusedwith this species.C. christineae differs from C. uliginosa in its taller scapes,its flowers L9 with no apparentodour, and its more evenly recurved,somewhat shorter labellum. UL There are small-floweredmembers of the Caladeniapatersozii complex in South Australia that IJ resembleC. cirislinece in the sizeoftheir flowers andtheir shortlabellum fringe (e.g.R. Bates 20217a M PERTH), but thesepopulations differ in their shorter 1- or 2-flowered scapes,darker more glandular sepalsand petals,their shorterbroader labellum, and thicker clubbed labellum fringe segments.We Fl, have no data on how the tepalsof theseplants are held when ftesh, nor on floral odour, Et Caladenia citrina Hopper & A.P. Br., sp.nov.

A speciebusaliis Caladenia longicauclaLindl. affinibus floribus tepalisrigide tenentibuspallido- (-. citrinis, sepalislateralibus 6-9 cm longis 5-7 mm latis et fimbria marginali labelli ad 3-5 cm longa ha differt. of C. Ilpus. 1.1kmsouth of Witchcliffeon BusselHighway, atjunction with DavisRd,34'02'S, 115'06'E, ap WesternAustralia,4 October 1983,S.D. llopper 3417(holo: PERTH 00255823;rso: AD!, CBG!, K!, rel MEL!, NSW!). of

Illustrations.N.Hoffman & A. Brown, Orchidsof South-WestAustralia, 1stedn ,p.66,las Caladenia C: sp.l (1984),2ndedn, p. 88 (1992)and rev. 2nd ednwith suppl.,p. 88 (1998).

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Figure 8 A-8. Caladenia dccotu frcfi north of Esperance,S D Hopper 4698. A - plwrt; B - floweq C - labelllm and column from side; D - column ftom fronq E - Pollinia. F_K C. ensata lrora west of Noflhcliffe, A,P, Brown 747. F- plant; G - flower; H - labellum margin; I - calli; J - column from front; K - pollinia. I-R. c. ercersdfrom th€ I-eeuwin-Naturalisteare\S.D.Eopper4294.L-Plant;M-flowe!N-labellurEandcolumnftomside;O-labellum fringe;P - calli; Q - columnftom front; R'pollinia. s-Y.. C ersrdns.S-PIanJ;T-labellum andcolumn from front; U-labellumftomside;V-calli;W-columnfromfrontix-columtrfromside;Y-Pollinia.DrawnbyS.J.Patdck 'peqolg 'vnn 'spJe^\u^\op 'Iolll? dpuequord ,{lerncsqowrylaqoT 9'Z-g I x u. t-Z ,{1anbtlqoSurpeords 'wlur 'sp]e.tru.,'rop 'tq8rcrts 'ww :luou s[)tad tE x LrrcS €-Z Z f,1enb11qoSutpeerds slodas 1oo1o7 E-Zx urnlle( 'pe^rncur 's11ec ruc S €-9'Z dpq311spue tcere pdas psto6 telnpue13egsses ru1nqo13 pelced ,{lesuap oqt ur '^\oll?d alnulu;o SurlslsuoJ ol u^\oJqlq8q's1e1ed uo 3uo1urru 0t-Z'sledos lereteluo 3uo1urur 711 INL 1 'pdes pue tr Issropuo Suot uru ZI-S lueJserunl eroqdoursolaroqdoruso ue ol SurpuedxeaJoJeq tuu Z-[ loJ Sur,roueu f,pduqe ueqt'Jpq lesequr Ieeu11'p1eqdggus slzlad puo qodag pasqe JnopoIerog:uooJeul 'suolsnJJns 'ssolcs IInp Jo slods puu soull alqeue^ qll.t ,trollof eled o1 uoo:eru peJ ,{lluuutlxopord wc 9-g'c'(g)7 to l va oll'Ilqluula Ofr)7 adocg'a1tund-petqlr,n paqclolq ,{ge1n?arr1,{11ensn prtql 'uear8 'rutu 'reeull''!aeJ€ pseq apd 0Z-{ I x tut t I-L lDaT sdurnlcasool ut ,{1eter:o dre111oslur1ar

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'Jeqopo ol tsn?ny pouad Swauolg

(39 ern8rg) 'srueol-fe1c ,{pups ut qleeq ^\o[ esuep ur dllensn 'saulp{eerc3uo1e:o sdorclno elruw8 uo seere ;yo unr ro sdrue,nspue slEUte^\-Jelur,{\ u! s,^aoJCueppets se puelul JeJse lseoc qlnos eql Suop $u4 puoqe5l prry ede3 ol spJe.tl1seelred luuopeg re,r1gppreSarg ruoryseSueg ?atlqoq puo uounql4sl6 .y.O (rZOeSZOOnrUga) dd99 t31o,1

'u^iorg oluapotD) z:{Sotoprq o uErlqsnv ur:tsal\ dV T, roddoH (S (r0r ir'rytrid Vol. 14, No. 1/2 (2001)

2-coloured,yellowish-green with palepink to palered radiating stripes, terminating in auniformly dark maroonrecurved apex, stiffly articulateon a claw c. 1.5mm wide; lamina linear-cordateto cordatewith PI an acuteapex in outline when flattened,12-14 x 8-10 mm, basalthird curving from erect to oblique, middle third curving to horizontal,apical third sharplyrecurved, margins atwidest point flattenedand t terminatedby slightly ascendingcalli; lateral lobes erectto obliquely ascendingwith entire margins plr neartheclaw, becomirg dentatewith slenderto broadsimple linear yellow-greencalli to 1(2) mm long N. which are slightly decrescentnear midlobe; midlobe marginswith shortbroad slightly forward-facing su. obtusesometimes hooked dark marooncalli decrescenttowardslhe apex.Lamina calli in 4 denserows Fll (lacking cleargaps between them) extendingat least3/4 the length of the labellum, dark maroon,golf stick-shaped,the longestc. 2 mm tall, decrescenttowards apex and becomingsessile. Column 12-15 x 6-8 mm, broadly winged, dull yellow-maroon.Anther c.2.0-2.5 x2.0-2.5 yellow. c. mm, Pollinia ust 2 mm long, yellow. Stigma c.2.5-3 mm wide, dull yellow maroon.Cnpsale not seen.(Figure 8F-K) gr( "1'7 pe Selectedspecimens esamined. WESTERN AUSTRALIA: Gull Rock, E of Albany, OcL 7971, na L. Byrne3L (PERTH 00274259);Broke lnlet nearCamfield townsite, 12 1969,A.5. 9723 Oct. George EIz (PERTH 00848808);9 km WSW of Mt Roe, 35.6 km S of Muirs Highway on Thomson Rd, 34"44'S, be, 116'42'E,8Oct.1983,5.D. Hopper 3537(PBRTII00282421);4.4 km S of OId VasseRd on Ritter Rd, thr 15 km SW of Pemberton,34'30'S,115'56'E,8 Oct. 1984,S.D. Hopper 4266 (PER'IH 00792829);area anl off MuirHighway,c.400 m W of FranklandRiverand c. 250 m N of Muir Highway,34'28'S,1 16'53'E, wlr 2Nov.1990,W. JacksozB"/184(PERTH 01700057);near Nigger Head Rock, Tomdirrup, 18 km S of wi Albany, 3 Oct. 1986, G.J. Keighery 9620 (PERTH 00873012); Porongurup Range, Oct. 1929, ere B. Truscotts.n. (PERTH 00273775), po enl Distribution and habitat. Occursin Banl

Caladenia ensata differs ftom C. rhomboidifurrni.r in its narrower labellum and petals with DA osmophores.The distdbutions of thesetwo speciesoverlap only in the Nannup area,with C. ensata san extending eastwards. FIo Caladenia excelsaHopper & A.P. Br., sp.nov. Ety A speciebusaliis affinibus Cclc denia longicauda Lindl. scapisrobustis 45-90 cm altis, floribus onl magnis et lamina labelli crerneaad basin marroninascentiad apicem differt. 'snue8 'suarurcads eql ur peproceJlseflel aql ore lsnqoruo 'q.rq^^ 'sedecs '(q?rq ',{go1) eql Jo lq3req eqt o1Surpnlu snsl?rxaulle.I eql rrro{ paueyl'K8o1owt1g

':eqrue,ro51,{1rea o1 requraldeg e1e1 'pouad Swtauolg

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'sdnot? '3 ulagan4 pue opnouBuol J eql uee,^.\]aq{url u sepr,tord ,s/ar.{a ,',(lqrssod sre,l.rogralleus qcnruleql ur puesludel eql uo streqJelnpuelS u,torq-uap1o? aq} ut 'sledes ra3;rptnq puus1e1ed pe1e8uo1o puu unleqel eql ol xedep€J e e^Er{r{rrq^\ 'ra.io1p seqcns dnor8 nlaBanq 3 eqt1o stequJeuJprJe DSlaJxa , ueealeq sarluslnursaru oraql xedee1rq,r e qlr,trtunlleqel 'sludas rallBtusqcnu sll ur sragrp lnq puu sleyedsnolnpued Suol slr uus/arx, J ot rvlnurs sr r?tulau 'dsgns 'e8uu; opnou8uol 3 spdes pues1eled snoynpued erour :a3uo1 eql puu ragoqspue xede uooruu 'suapualds'J ? qtr,r r-r]nlleqelJe^\orruu re8uol eql ur JeJJrplnq Jo esoql ol ezrsur rsllurs eJesJe^\ou lsnqoJsll ,.VaJra ,ruapolo) lo seNFIe.rlsasolc eq1 f,;rluepr 01ecueprla lueseJd uo lncg;rp sr 1y

'eztsJe^\ou pue 'peepuy '2 lqStaqut snue8aql ut satrads:eq1o11e paacxe suaurrceds lsnqor xeldurocopnou8uol aqtp '(9661 reqr.uerrlpere^\ogJsa8rel pue 1se1e1eqt s osprxa 3 Tz la u,trotg'9661 p p rcddog) urolg ereg se perelrep dpueunc sr puu e8uur lBJrqdeJSoeB,llouuu I JeAoslnoJo nslaJra otuapop)'sapN

'u^\org DluapolD) Z:{Soloprqrro urrprtsnv Ulalsal\ dV ,t, reddoH CS (r00zi '72 NuytsiaVol. 14, No. 1/2 (2001) and becomingsessile. Column 73-25 x 6-8 mm, narrowly winged, wings flat nearbase, pale yellow- sel greenwith pinkish blotches.Anther c.3-4 x 3 mm, greenish-yellow . Pollinia c. 2.5 mm long, yellow. 5n Srigmac. 3 mm wide, dark dull maroon to pale green.Capsule not seen.(Figure 8S-Y) nal La pul Selecledspecimens examined. WESTERN AUSTRAIIA: Thomas River, EsperanceDistrict,.td, lot Anonymouss.n. (PERTH 00264571);Cape Arid National Park, 30 Oct. 1989, G.J. Keighery 11188 (PERTH 01308637);ThomasRiver, CapeArid NationalPark,R.W. P embertons.n (PERTH 1828363); c. 104 km E of Esperance,20 Sep. 1977,N.C. Verco s.n. (PERTH 00264628). latr lik and habitat. in scattered populations in near-coastaldistricts between the Distribution Occurs nei Esperancedistrict and IsraeliteBay, usually growing in shallow soil pocketson graniteoutcrops, but der also be found in deepersoil under shrub thickets immediately adjacentto granite may occasionally ofl outcropsor in Swamp Yatc flats. Soil is granitic loam. (Figure 98) shz 7- FLoweringperiod. Late Scptcmberto October. c.: ma Erynrology.Namcd from theLatin cxsrans-projecting,alluding to the labellumwhich projectsforward rather than curling under as in most speciesof Caladenia. SeL Rd Noles. A scatteredand uncommonspecies, that was at one time declaredas Threatened Flora (Hopper Ra' et ol. 1990) but is now known to be well reserved(Priority Four). Caledeniq erslaru is related to Crt C. integra, from which it differs in its smallerflowers, its lessprominently uptumed lateralsepals, its W( shorterprominently lobed labellum with calli extendingwell onto the dark purpleapex, its broader PE apicalmid lobe,and its easterlydistribution. 1,91 me Caladenia exstensis also relatedto C. attingens,C. falcata, C. longifimbriata andC. dilatqta, all s.r of which have fine marginal combing on the laterallobes of the labellum. A rare hybrid ofC. e.xstans 11( nrd C. attingenshas been recorded at Lort River (C. French,pers. comm.). Dir Caladeniafalcata (Nicholls)M. Clements& Hoppet,Austrulian Orchid Research 1:24 (1989).- lot Oa Caladenia dilatata var. falcata Nicholls, Victorlcz Naturalist 65:268, f. (1949). ?ype. Kojonup, WestemAustralia, 26 September,I/..FL Mcholls s.n. (holo: MELI:, iso: MEL!). Rer (Fii

Illustrations. As Coladenia dilatata var. falcata unlessotherwise stated.E. Pelloe, West Australian Orchids,frontispiece colour plate, no. 1 (1930);W. Blackall& B. Grieve,How to Know Western Flo Australian Wildflowers, Part l, p. 93 (1954); R. Erickson, Orchidsof the West, 2nd edn, frontispiece no.2 (1965);W. Nicholls,Orchids ofAustralia, plate 265c ( 1969);A.S. George & H.E.Foote, Orchids Not of WestemAustralia, p.22 dght photo (undated);R. Erickson,A. George,N. Marchant &M. Morcombe, Cte Flowers and Plantsof WesternAustralia, 1stedn, p. 129 plate403 (1973);D. Jones,Native Orchidsof sep Australia, illustration bottom left, p. 114 (1988); N. Hoffman & A. Brown, Orchids of South-West stol Australia, lst edn, p. 128 (1984), 2nd edn, p. 116 las C. falcatal (7992) and rev.2nd edn with suppl., con p. 176 las C. falcatal (1998). ape

Plant solitary or rn looseclumps. ,edlerect, Iinear, 10-20 cm x 5-15 mm, pale green,basal third usually irregularly blotchedwith red-purple.Scape 2040 cm tall. F lowers I or 2(3), c. 5-8 cm across, tax( predominantlygreen to greenish-yellowwith variablesuffusions, lines and spots ofdull maroon;floral nor odour absent.Sepals and petals stilfTyheld, linear in basalthird, then abruptly narrowing and filiform Wo below osmophore;osmophore slightly tumescent,8-20 mm long on sepals,absent or 6-15 mm long easl on petals,light brown, consistingof minute denselypacked globular sessileglandular cells. Dorsrzl flor ',{lleseq 'sre,rou Surpuelxeqlec q1r,rurnlleqEl stl pu€ elrlnpun s8ur,neql'urunloc peSuran,{lp€oJq slr lDs ') '2 'dnfumuurel;o n8lllslr u sua8utllD worJ srellrpoiotlol'7'sua8uulo seureroq poqrnsep sr lsee 3u 'ea.lu aqt ot osle pue ',(ueq1ypue frnqung uae,{\teqpunoJ uox€l ?q1e1tq,r,r. dnSunuerrel s1141ue8uoTq IUI 'JeAe,4\o11 aql ol peurJuoceq ot o1oclot2 p4dfi moul l,roue^\ eerus11t11 uu?uol6 eql ol spJe^\quou IEJ 'uoxpt 'ss pue elsn8ny o1 ,{eg egqeursluoq erTeJlsnvuelsed\ Jo lse,r-qtnos eqt tnoq8norqt punoJ elqer.re,rpue puerdsopr,^e aq ol 'q3JeeseJrno ol Joud 'peJeprsuoJsE,r 'tr1 saasoloclot oruapo\oS prl

'ueeJ8utrql raqlEJa1rq,r Suraq xode 'l( uooJ€ru{Jep aql ol tuecufpurururel runl1eqeleql ur (saafrrilo 3 pue) otoclol l uor; ,{lsnoncrdsuoc rcgrp xoldurocziatzl?p J uerl€rlsnv uJelseeaql Jo slequeur 1so1,1xadu ryep eq13oyoqs 11e,rSurddols lse lllec slr pue'(xad€uooJeur {JBp eq1 roy 1da:rxo)sultxEl ulnlleqEl ueerS-,rtol1a,{ flutro;run s1r'sludos Jo 'rele,roq 'afiJollp 'aq 1ure1e1peu:n1dn s1r ur J uo.rJsIeJJrp ll (6961queuel3 ur) reddog 4r s1ueua13 'sato71 ,{qluur cr;rcedso1 pcsrtrr sr?rd lr pgn oto1oltp 31ofieue,r e sepepre8er sexotoclo! oruapo1o3 spl

'reqolcA o1raqueldeg 'pouad Suuauolg uta uel (36 orn8rg) 'dwe,ns (ouorssratdocna1olaq) 4uq:odud ? ur qued Jo sqrnqns lsuc-quou eql ur puno; ,{puaceX 'scsrnocrln,r 'sdorclno 'dn o1 luaoufpe spuelqruqs .$ol ol elruer8 puelur Surpunorrnssla{f,rql IeO 'eeJe _l IcoU asuoppue'puelpoo^^ uel puEoopuel6 uedo Luo:; slelrqpqJo ,(leu€A e ur dn8unururreleq1o1 s11r11ue3uo16uor3lleqlueq^\ uJoqlno;^ puu urelsoa. eql gnoq8norql spuclxg tDtrqDqpuo uounqrusr1

'(tvozzt\ yq16g4)g7g7 Klpauuax ! x'tL6l d"s tz 's,8g"9tt sur 'S.6to0elqUed 's11r11 '.{11n9 'q Jo9tr1 ru1 y61 uu8uol6 srel,trog:(Sg t SO t tO HtUaa) 699 nddog g JIE 'r8()l 'g,gg.gg 'edroqlsue^c1 'peor des 6Z'A,6O.OZL lo AS ur{0t ? edroqlsue,reX-uno1edo11eq1 'CgJ) 'q '9961 pup pd uolpra^lg Jo uoltresrelul eql Jo epls AN :(2t868 t t0 HJUAd 1tr99nddopl g 'S.t ',{p^\qBIH 'pU 1nOZt'g,6z"gt.L t "Zt uolloorg Jo gN tul Z t t lsel6 olsq :(tZZg0O00gtUaa r0p '997)1yggtr 'doS 'A ncldoll OS'9u61 0Z ,60"LtL'S,ZE"EE'iu,rtq8rgf,uvq1y uo;,trou:n13ur11ruepoo11 stl 'dnuofoy;o 'u '.)oorquerJ Jo S ru 008 51ru{ e €t :(88t9t800 HJUEd) s uos\)lrg U'te6t des tI otI 3o 1q'.4c11nns1nu4 :(t6rgt800 HJUAd) u s uuotg y'616p dag g'dn8unuur:ol pueed.roqlsua.teg red 're^ru 'i],ZZ"gLL'S,g 'pU uee,$leq plpro8zlrd:(89982600 H 1Ag4) g9y u,notg y'996I lro t t t.t€ 'p6 ssedretseqJJo ASE u>19 71 y1o.tqqBIN:V1-IVUIS1V NSA1S3.M pauruDxasuawpads^ papalas

(C-Vgt eJnArC)'uaas pu alnsdoS uaar8elud o1uooreu 'epr,tl ':t 'uo11e 'ruru llnp {rep rurtr 9 g r rlr&r.9 ,no11e{'3uo1rutu g otut11o4 L-qsrueeJ8 t ext t, ,lrryJry soqclolqqsrlurd q1r,r,rueer8-,trolle,{ elEd 'aseq leeu alelnpuns8ur,l.r 'pe8ur,r ,{1peo.rq'unu g1-1 'paduqs x ZZ-LI uanp) elssesSurruocaq pue xede eq1sprr,nol luarsonap llel turug r1sa3uo1aq1 -1or1s;1oi'uooruu-qs11fund '(xedueldrnd-uooreur eql oqs runlleqeyeql;o ryep ryep Jo IIe..'rSurddols) ellr qt?ue1eq1;1ru q ,{1uo Surpuelxa s,tor palse8uoc,{qesuep ur r11ocoutwoT xede egl spre,lrollueJsercep 1 lnq r11eceldurs esnlqo 3urcu3-prc,^,r.tog,{pq3r1sropuols sut8rnu ?qolpru :eqolpru reeu uoqs {11,r eql (,{pdnrqusaturleuos) lueJsercep eJs qJrq,n 3uo1 ruru g o1rl1uc ueerS-qsr,tro11e,{ reeurl Jepuels qlr,^d e{rl -quroceler:qrur; ,{pdnrqu uaql'xcde aql o1,,'ru1caq1 uro4 surSreurytutrxo:d arrlue q}r?$tc?Je seqo[ 1]JolBI lqqec Surpuecsu.{11urqre,r o1 flenbqqo ,{q peleuruuel pue sprr,rdn pe,uno ,{ydaeplurod lsepr,r 1e 'uJvJ :(et surBJEuI'xedepe^rncer dluoqs u rol ldacxa lBluoaroq €/Z letsrp1co.ra pJrqt IBsBq \tnz x lZ gI 'peuelleg ueq,$eulltno ur otncr pue Jeln8uetrl{1,ro.r'luu eqolprur eql pue pJB^uoJparunc sacrde aqol 881 'xede "p' leJalBIaqt qlr^\ alelseqBururel :epr,r turu g Z Z J,rrlc € uo elelncrlre,{1esool pe,unee:eldrnd 'uaar?-qsr,ro11e.{'parnolor-7 'paqol-g -uooreru1np ,{luuo;run e ur ?urluurtural ,{l tuawwotd wry\aqoT 'rurug 'spJE,r{Jeq Z x ruog g-g t puuspre,trua,lop dlenbqqo BurpueJds lq8reJls s/r7a2, e1uun1,{y,raorreu 'Iutu asrq'{1Fcrga,r sp:e,rur pue sp:e,tdn ?urNnc ueql tur Z-g I lsJrJaql JoJIsluozrJoq ,roleq pleq g 'peruncut -t x urJ q Z-g t slr daspta1n7 rurut-€ x ur38 g y {ylueutuord o1fpq8qs puu lceteptdas

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Figure 10 A-D. Caladeniafolcata frorn the Toolibin alea, S.D. Hopper 4121. A - plant; B - labellum and column; C -.. labellum fringe; D - column from ftont. E-J. C. ferruginea ftom the Buss€lton atea,A,P, Brovrn 252. E - planti F-flower;G-labellumandcolumnftomside;H-calli;I-columnftomftont;J-pollinia.K4.C,godneriftom WarenB€ach,S.D,Hopperrn.K-plant;L-flowe4M-labellumandcolumnfromside;N-labellumfringe; O - calli; P - column ftom front; Q - pollinia. R-W. C. georyei from Yalgorup National Park, S.D, Hopper 4142. R-plant; S- flowei; T- labellumfrom side;U - labellumfringe; V - columnfrom front; W -pollinia. Drawn by S.J. Patrick. '9,1E.19'{e.,irq8rg .3IUII Jo,tdru 00r:(8602t200 r UAd'CAJ) glggnddop qg'986I rro8'9,8t.1.I1 're{rsg 'ztrn s.rrn11uo .{e.tr.q8r;1.(ueqlvJo /A rut 6 I tunot{ Jo A\ uq Z :(99t82800 H 7ag4) 17tr9nddog 'O 'S,00.tt'eJJIIcqclr/AJo :.3up S'f86I lro t'g,I I.S I I AN u)t 6'rerrn lere8reyq;ogS ru{ EI :0t0ZtZ00 'A,L1.1II '9,97.yg '.{emq?rg uro{ HJUAd) gltt nddog g'g't86I lr9 t sIrnl I uo pU uosruorll :tuPId 'DfJJ'(N) '9,69"9II 'S,Z0.Z€ Jo,^. ur{ I :(6€0ZtZ00HJUAd LL'E raddog 119'gg6y des tI 15 :uunl 'ecrJJO '{av uolJv pus pU uolxrrg Jo uoDcunf tsod uolSuruueJtsug Jo ,4ASru{ g'01 uet'.(ZVL6lZ00 'dn8urrlea:(69997999111994) 'a HJUAd t0Z6 a8roa, S y'196I tco 8 s iuaarindaq sang'9961 'deg 'S,Ig.€e 'dnur€re,roC 17'a1odyu6:(18et0t00HJUSd) ,'s uowdoq3'g'yg61 lco l.Z'A,I0"9I I 'uequa{cag '19 Jo g tul SZ :(ZSeZSZOOgtUga) u s uuotg y'Z86I des gZ uolJy pue lS uolxug 'T,ZI"9II '5,7y.99 'fearq8rg Jo reuor :(9tt90600 HJUgd) ZSZuttorg y'986t tJO tI lyessng 'dnunqeC pue pd poo^\plr6Jo uorlcasralur :VITyUISnV NUAJSE,16?aalnrrxa suawcadspaDalag

(1-gg1 ernSrg) 'uees 'uea.r3-l.o11e,( 'epr,r 'r*o11e[.'3uo1 'J 'per tou alnsdD) {J€p wu g Z 2 ow8tlg ulu g otutllod -qsru^\oJq'ultu 'pe8ur,r 'uru t x e ,.rarlray seqrlolq poJ-r{sru,rorqqlr,{\,,!\o11e,{ ,{rueerc 6-l x gI-ZI 'llel 'pedeqs-{cJls uunloJ elrssesSurruoceq puu xede spre,trollueJsercep utu g t e 1sa3uo1aql ;1oF'seseqolrq.,rr qlr^\ paJ-qsru,roJqol ,r.o11e,{ueplo8'(xedu pernoloc-4repeql oluo Surpuelxopuu Surqcuar,{lluuorsucco) un1leqel eq13o qfuel eq 11eqlnoqu Surpuelxe s^\oJ t ur rlloc outwo1'xedu aq1 spJe,rolluecseJJep rlleJ pelooq saurrleurosesnlqo Surcu;-premro; ,{pq311s peo:q goqs q1r,,r,rsutS.ruru eqolprru :eqolpnu JeeulueJsen?p ,{pdruquetu qcrq,n8uo1 rutu / ol rllec (paddq-a1rq,trseruqeruos) no11e,{ueplo8 ot par-qsru.lnoJqJeeurl elnse Jepuelsqlr,r elerrqurl Suruocaq 'A\Blcaql Jeeusur8Jeru errluaqtr,r lceie seqolIeJelel :rllpc Surpuecse,{lanbr1qo,{q peluururel puespre,tdn perunc,{lalerepou 'pa,r:ncer 'l€luozuoq lulod lsepr,trle surSjeu {1fuuqsp.rrqt lectdu o18urrunc prrql eypprur'enbrlqo 'pauelleu ol lce'lauo:J ?ulrunJpJrql leseq'tutu €I-Ot x 0Z-gl ueq,^ourllno ur eleproJol elpproJ 'xade -ieourleuluul :epr^\turu 9 I J,relJ E uo etulncrue{gy1ts parunJerpeJ-qsru,rorq ,(1ruro;run u ur Surleuru:ol 'sadrj1sSuqerpur peJ-qsru,roJq qll^\ ^\cJlle,{ueplo8 o1elrq,tr 'peJnoloJ,Z ,{lluaururord 'peqo1-g 'xede ,{larncsqoarqpqoj wut l-Zx wc y-9 7 elnce,{1,,r,rorruu e o1 sprendn ,{lenbr1qopoa.rnc 'spre^\u,l.rop 'ww slorad uw t-€ x tuc a-t ,{1anbr1qoSurpeards slodas pta1o.1 9'Z-{'Z x w) g-S'e 'pa^rnJur 'sller:e1npue13 ,(pueulurordo1 .{pq8rls pue pere pclas lDslo1 eltssas:e1nqo13 peped 'u,roJq 's1e1ed 'sledos 'luoJsor.unl flasuap elnuru go Surlsrsuoc lq8q tuo4 luesqe uo 3uo1uur 71-1 rpJull eroqdouso :xede eleurunce-8uo1e o1 Sur,norreu,{pdn:qu ueqt leseq ur elsloocuel-Jteurl 'p1eq ,{ggnss1o1ad puo slzda5 ,{1snrud11ure; ro luasqe Jnopo lerou :peJ-qsru,rolqdpueuruoperd 'ssorre 'c'(g)E-1 urr 9-t uarolg'llq wa og-o7 adns'e1d:nd-pe.rq1r,tr paqcloyq .{1.ru1n8errr ,{ylensn 'uoer8 prrqlluseq eled'uru 911 x urc7711'rcau11'1cerc toaT sdurnpasool ul ro .{ru1r1os12a17

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RockyPoint, 300 m up from ocean,33"33'S, 115"03'E, 22 Sep.1986, S.D. Hopper 5514 (PERTH c.. 00873667). ftc po Distributionand habitar. Common in theBusselton-Margaret River area in Jarrab4t'Ianiforest, coastal as( Peppermintwoodlands and winter-wet flats. Also of scattercdoccurrence northwards in clay-based fix swampstoPerthandeastwardsin swampy areas to Porongurup Range. Soils range from deep sands and m2 lateriticloams to sandyclays. (Figure 9D) IO\ wh Floweringperiod. September to November. Ca pix se( Notes.Named by Nicholls in 1947,Calndenia ferruginea was later reducedto synonymywith C. huegeliiby George(1971), who did recognizethe speciesbut misappliedthe nameCaladenia Sel pectinatato it. Rye(1987) reinstated C. ferruginea to its formermnk on our advice(after SDH had examinedthe typesin 1984). Nr K group, 8C Caladeniaferruginea is oneof the mostdistinctive members of the C. huegelii readily 1I: recognizedby its brownish-redcolouration with a prominentthickened osmophore on thesepals and 11: absentfrom the stiffly upswept petals, and the labellum central calli usuallystopping short ofthe dark- ch colouredapex. It is oftenfound growing in swampswith C.palrdosa, which differs frorn C. ferruginea 01i in its largerflowers with sepals,petals and the basal labellum lamina all greenish,and its muchthicker Jo shorterlabellum fringe segments. J.Z.

Caladeniagardneri Hopper & A.P.Br., sp. nov.

A speciebusceteris gregis Caladenia huegelii H. G. Reichbpetalis sepalisque acute declinatis, plerumquediluto-soseis, marginibus cremeis, sepalis lateralibus 4-7.5 cm longis et 3-6 mrnlatis, cum clavisgracilibus, cano-roseis ad diluto-brunneis,F30 mm longis,petalis 3.5-5 cm longis,2*4mm latis,labello 17-25 mm longo et 7-10 mm lato, ad apicem atro-roseo, lamina basali alba ad diluto-rosea cumlineis roseis radiantibus, labelli fimbria segmentis gracilibus leviter clavatis atro- roseis ad 6 mm longisdiffert.

?ypas.3.6 km westof ScottRiver Bridge on FourAcres Rd, 48 km west-north-westof Pemberton, 34"17'5,115'02'E,Westem Australia, 8 October1984, S.D. Hopper 4279 (holo: PERTH 00330876; iso:AD!, CBG!,K!, MEL!,NSW!, PERTII).

I llustrations.N. Hoffman& A. Brown,Orchids of South-WestAustralia,2ndedn, p. 96 (1992) and rev. 2ndedn with suppt.,p. 96 (1998).

Plant solitaryor in loosecolonies. le4l erect,linear, 8-20 cm x 4-15 mm,pale green, basal third usuallyirregularly blotched with red-purple.Scape 10-25 cm tall.Fktwers L or 2, c.4-8 cm across, whitewith prominentsuffusions and markings ofdeep to palepink; floral odour strongly sweet. Sepals andpenls stiffly held,linear-lanceolate in basalhalf to third, thenabruptly narrowing to a long- acuminateapex; osmophore tumescent, 6-30 mm longon sepals,absent from petals,greyish-pink to light brown,consistirg of minutedensely packed globular sessile glandular cells. Dorsal sepal erect andslightly incurved, 4-6 cm x 3-3.5 mm.Lateral sepals acutely downcurved to vertical,4-7.5 cm x 3-6 mm. Petalsspreading horizontal then downcurved to vefiical apices,!5.5 cm x 2-4 mm. Labellumobscurely 3-lobed, prominently 2-coloured, basal half of laminawhite with pale pink radiatingstripes, distal half uniformlydark pink with a recurvedapex, stiffly articulateon a claw '3 'J 'llutxolq 'stnlnqtpunlu '2) leeqs errrus?ql uo pelunou 11.e'(otouo@do pue 4la8anq 2 selcedsreqto.tno;;o sluu1dqlr.tr pexlur se t'uaupn8 '31o uottJolloceql sueutJedsreq pepremro;aqs 'sJeSoU )tul uoq^\ ol S U rC lsfoloprqJro uurJerlsnvqlnos palou aqlJo lu?puodsouocs se^\e{ooJ srl^{ .IIJI 'epprrJe;1 'dusalzuaa ruoq'Jg so)aJo4daTpue olout8tow , pelJellor osp eqsueq^\ 906I Jeqolco 'e1oo3 'A tuc ur f,lqeqord lN srr{ € fq (ur,tnea1 ode3 uo.rg)pepelloc lsrq sert'uauptoB o1uapo1o7 lce oll 'seroqdoruso 'runlleq?l 'uorlurnoloc repueyseroru puele8uol slr pue repeorqslr lurd re1ttpst!rrluaupn8 p ruor; sre;;rparrrcauDis O'(lqlurur 61j1) uaupto8 310teqtqlr.,rpo:pdruoo slo ') (uu qt-gt) uumlos reuoqs e seq osle 4p1a{u1u 3'uaupn8 e4r1slades eql uo seroqdoruso 'ssr uelo,ns seqrrpJay'zru '2 rcu aouolSurttDq J€q[ev prJe'slseJoJrueqlnos eql ur sdure,^a.sur 'puulul J Pr! :aqgn3 aror8'yp1a{qu'J pve wntoauDts )'aowo4Suuloq ,'sJeprds lurd raqlo eeJqleqJ IIIeJ 'urn 'sludas JeurJpue eqplJe,trouuu'seroqdoruso repuels arou puuspled peruncu,topf,1e1nce pue lurd 's,troJ8 'lso,{\-qlnos repd s1rur sre;;rp tnq seruqeruost\qa1rlt qr\t\\'olDuqdda 3 ol reprurssr lI Je^\ol 'serceds 'sa1o,y aql tn punoJsprrlJJo raprds lurd e,rg;o euo st uauptoB otuapzlz3 uoruurocdlpcol y

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(AD 97705515)and labelledinitially by Rogersas"C. dilatata 8r.", but with a subsequentpencil slash s.l through this determinationand no altemative provided. on Au No further collections of Caladenia gardneri were made until 1967, when R. Jennings and 191 A.S. Georgedocumented the occurrenceofthe speciesat Yallingup within a month ofeach other.Like c. Rogers,George was undecidedas to the specific statusofthese collections,and did not describethem 01r as a new speciesin his subsequentpublications (George L97l,7987). Di. Caladenia georgei Hopper & A.P. Br., sp. rov. Sp

A speciebusaliis affinibts Caladeniahuegefil H.G. Reichb.petalis sepalisque plerumque pallido- Fh viridibus suffusishebetibus pallido-manoninis, sepalis lateralibus clavis gracilibuspallido glandaceis 13-40 mm longis, et fimbria labelli segmentorumacutorum gracilium atroroseisad apicem albidis Et differt. He em Typus:Blrrbrury,2O0 m eastof consolidatedcoastal dunes, c. 1.3 km west of HarewoodsRd on sand of track, 33"26'5, 715"37'8, Westem Australia, 17 October 1986, S.D. Hopper 5789 (tolo: PERTH 01751557;iso: AD!, CBG!). or' stil Illustrations. N. Hoffman & A. Brown, Orchidsof South-WestAustralia, 2nd edn, p. 106 (1992) and rev.2nd ednwith suppl.,p. 106 (1998). anr P/a'l solitary or in looseclumps. .Leclerect, linear, 12-22 cm x 5-12 mm, pale green,basal third flo usually irregularly blotchedwith red-purple. Scape 25-50 cm tall. Flowers l or 2(3), c. 5-8 cm across, fin predominantlyyellowish-green to white with variablesuffusions, lines andspots ofdull maroon;floral nol odour absentor faint, sweet, like custard.Sepals and.petals stiffly held, linearlanceolate in basal hyl 1/4-1l3, then abruptly nanowing to a long-acuminateapex; osmophore slightly tumescent,23-40 mm at. long on dorsal sepal, 13-40 mm long on lateral sepals,absent from petals,light brown,consistingof col minute densely packed globular sessileglandular cells. Dorsal sepal erect and slightly incurved, OST 5-7.5 cm x 2.5-3.0 mm. Lateral sepalsobliquely downcurved, 4.5-8.5 cm x 4-6 mm. Petals horizontal to obliquely downcurved,4.5-5 cm x 2.54 mm. Labellum obscurely 3-lobed, prominently Ca 2-coloured,white with dull maroonradiating stripes, terminating in a uniformly dark maroonrecurved apex,stiffly articulateon a claw c. 1.5-2 mm wide; lamina linear-cordateto cordatein outline when flaItened, 12-25 x 10-18 mm, basal third curving from erect to oblique, middle third curving to cul horizontal, apical third sharply recuwed, margins at widest point moderately curved upwards and atr, terminatedby vertically ascendingcalli; laterallobeserectwith entiremarginsnearthe claw, becoming fimbriate with slender acuminatelinear dark maroon white-tipped calli to 12 mm long which are Tvt abruptly decrescentnear midlobe; midlobe margins with short broad slightly forward-facing obtuse 8( sometimeshooked calli decrescenttowards the apex,Lamina calli in 4 rcws extendingat least3/4 the lengthofthe labellum,dark maroon,sometimes white at base,golfstick-shaped, the longestc. 1.5 mm Illt tall, decrescenttowards apex and becom i ngsessrle.C o lumn 18-20 x 8-10 mm, broadlywinged, creamy re! yellow with red-pinkblotches.Anther c.4 x 4 mm, yellowish greenand dark maroon.Pollinia c. 4 mm long, yellow. Strgmac. 4 mm wide, dark yellowish brown. Cepsule not seen.(Figure 10R-W)

ust Selectedspecimens examined. WESTERN AUSTRAIIA: Dunsborough,7 Oct. 1979,A.P. Brown s.n. pr€ (PERTH00233013); Bold Park,Floreat Park, 8 km W of Perth,14 Sep.1988, G.J. Keighery 11226 ma (PERTH01668013); Thomsons Lake, Perth,9 Oct. 7989,G. Graham s.z. (PERTH 01035347);4 krn abr SSWof Yallingup,1 km S of CanalRocks turn off on CavesRd, 33'41'S, 115'01'E, 5 Oct.1983, abs cel 'pa^.rnrur 's11ec trpnbqqo slodas1otap7 urur 9 Z n'Z x un 9 t-g dpq311spue pate Todaspsto11 'u,rorq 'syeled reppuulSegsses re1nqo13 pelced f,lesuep elnunu;o Surlssuoc uap1o8tq3l1 uor; luesqu 'spdesuo Suol ruru g1j tuecsaurnl,{pq8tls oroqdoruso lxode eluqrunce-3uo1e o18ur,toueu.{y1dn:qu LI 'ploq UD uoql'prlqte olJIeq lesBq ul aleloecu€l-JBeun .{!gns.s/"ladpuospdaS'tuasqe rnopo l€rolJ:uooreru -qsqurdol uooreruyo slods puE seurT 'suorsnJJns elqerJeA qlr11d elrq,ln o1 uauS-qsr,r,ro11o,{ ,{pueutuoperd 9Z 'ssorce 'Z ruc g-t'r ro I se*olg'Iq wa gE-n7adocg'a1dnd-pet qlr^\ peqrlolq dpelnSer:r ,{1ensn prlqlIESeq'ueor8 oled'ruru 93 x rucg 1-g I'Jj'eu\'treJr loaT sdrunlcesool ur (1er |.J'[.tu111os 7uo14

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- - - Figrrc 12 A-4. CaladeniaBranilora ftom the Mt Manypeaksarca, S.D. //apPe. 6215.A planti B flower; C labellum ftomside;D-labellumfrinSe;E-calli;F-columnftomftont;G-pollinia.H-M,C.hebecanafrcmGibson, S.D.Hoppet4690.H-pla$t;I-flower;J-labellumandcoluduftomside;K-labellumftinge;L-columnfto]Ilfiont; M - pollinia. N-S. C rita subsp.rorea ftom BoorabbinRock, S.D' Itoppel 3979.N -plant; O -floweq P- labellumfringe; 'l-4. O - calli; R - column lrom ftont; S - pollinia. C. hofl 44ii s\bsp. hoffmanii from near No lampton, A,P, Brcwn s.tLT -pl'lrrti U-floweq V- labellumftom side;W-labellum Ainge;X- calli; Y- columnftom ftont; Z-Pollinia. Drawn by S.J.Patrick. dpnlSprq O a^rl€NuerlellsnVulelse/!\eqlJolueplserdse^rpue 9l6I ur quod ol poAou oq,r'BIlpltsnV qtnos 'quo) urory .{1eur8go 'lsulerpod '(-6y61) uofurueg 'f uosJIV IoUs pewep'tSolowtlg 'Elu

'Jequ.reloNol Jeqolcg e7v1'pouad Smtanolg :e8r :luo 'uos (q11 ern8rg) erg rege erwpunqe lunl 'i(ueq1y lseluer8ur slemolg srueoldpues eru sgog reeuxeldruoc e11uur3 e uo punoyuooq seq uorlelndod 'puepoorr a1?ursy pue lsaroJ rr.ol srJoln)lin2 D2nappry u se\q rale \-qseq Jo sur8JeuJar uo Jo 'daJolsJepun eql q Iuaulwotdoaorlttot1tuoyqytouussratdo2nalopl lpuusrlp.toitll preluo& pele1';ecs repunsleu le/1(\-Jelur,tur s,ror8lr eraqmeery dnuurlq-,{ueqJy oql ol paurJuoJ?rr? qoll puo uoqnE4slo 'Gnegsn 'A '686I 'lro 'eyod1e16 'q HIUAD ,ZUA uos2lcol' p7 yo N :(69yZ6II0 HIUgd) 9099nddog g '186I 'uouequrad '986I 'e1odp16 lco 6Z reeu :(96996919HJdlId) 8tf9 nddo11 119 rco 91 'u's 'y '996y'deg ',{ueqy:(I6ZZ€€00 :ueu:(99gg97gg 111a94,\ altaqap 97 HJUg4)'u's ouptog g 't86I '{JEd Tto 9z leuolleNdnlepeeg :v11trl{1snv NdaJsa^|pautwoxa suawrcadspalca\ag

'ueestou afsdo) qsrlurd'opr.,lr 'c '2 utw E-g Z ow8r1g t'to11ef,'8uoluJuJ Z oturllod ,rro11ei(qsrueer8 puu 4utd,'utvt g 7-7 x g 7-a c 'pa3ur,tr ra{tuy'suorsnl;nspue seqclolq lurd qtr^\^\ollo,{ du.tue:c flpeo:q'uu g-9 x 7I-ZI uwryo) 'a11sses 'llel 'pedeqs-{rns 'es€q Sumrocaqpue xedu sprer'ro1 luecsoJcep uur g'I r lse8uoleql JIoA le '(fllerurxord 'run11equ1 e1rq,nseurleruos reyed)lurd 1rup eqlJo q18ueleqt t/€{/Z lsBellB Surpuexe slror t tn r11ocourwoT'xede aql sp.re,ltolluecsercep rtlpc esnlqo 3urce;-pre,n:og peoJq uoqs qll^\ sufreru eqolplui:eqolplru J?ou luocseJcap ,{yuere .ro fpdruqe ere qcrq,tr 3uo1 rurx g ol rlleJrrreerJ ol '^\s[r 4urd4rep uuo;rsry dl,,rloJruu peqqnlo rapuals qlrm eleuqurg Auruoceq eglJeeu sur8reur arnuo qlr,r 8urpuacsed1anb11qo seqol 1era1u1 lq1uc Eurpuecsu ,{1enbr1qo dq paleuluuelpup spls/r\dn perunc 'pea:ncer 'leluozuoq ,{leluepourlurod 1sep1,n1e sulSreu {1fueqsprrqt yecrdz ,{llceupJlql elppnu 'l€luozuoq 'peuellEU ol l'aro ruor;8ur,uncprrql lesEq'wuJZl-LxgI-lI ueq^\eu!0no u,r elepJoJ-JEeurl 'xedB Eultuul:eprmtuur g'I J m?lf,B uo olslnJluD ,{lJJlls po^rncaru q1r,r^lurd )lJup,{luro;run;Ieq1e1qp 'seduls 'pe.rnolor-g 'peqolg Surlerper{urd eledqlpr elrqmeurruBl JoJtsq IesBq dJluequrord dle.rncsqo 'sacrde wrypqo1'trJurl-e x ruca't-€ lecruel qlra seurleuosperuncu,rop ueql leluozrroq Surpeerds 'Jprlue^ sptad rJJurL-A x uJc8-g ol pe,,uncu,n'opflanbqqo uegl Surpeerds sladas lotato1 peut:rcur 'elE8uole i(llq8llspue lceJe'rIJut g-7xwc 7-g'trlodas 1asro6 pcupuq,{c srreqrelnpuelS :eroqdouso 'ElI-+fi luecsournlz 3un1cu1xedu elzurunce-3uo1 e o1 Sur,norruu ,{lldruqe uoql Vsequr oleloeruzl 'pleq '1urd -Jeaull f,9111ss1o1ad puo slzdag lee,rs{11crs rnopo lerog isSur4reurelrq,tr qu,{\ eyudo1 'ssoJre 'r't-I deop ur r-g sra oll'\elwc 6tr-aTadocg'eldtnd-par q11,t peqcloyq,{pzln8eu dllensn 'uaer3 'ruru p:rqlleseq eled g1-9 x urcAZ-;I'lr.eurl'loaro lDaZ'saluolot esool ur so f,se1r1osluo14

'(gOOf) 'u:o1g '(spe) eet d paualee.qls,eqerlsny ua1sa6 lueqcjEwN T,'sueo-uosuoqJ'c'u,,t\oJgy:(9661) 36 d' 1ddnsql!^{upo puz ^ol pue(7661)76'd'qa 'eqerlsnvlsed\-qlnosJo pu7'(yg61)l'dsoruapzlapsel96'd'upa lsI sprqcro'u^\olgV ? uEruJJoHN 'gggg 'q'g 'ds i[prqug reprdgs.uolSurueg reddog (lserogu:eqlnos) ?ruepels3su] (9661) 19 e1y1d 'BrolC peroAuepugs,elleJlsnvualsed\'loul€d S? unaorgV'ur^\norl uel S'raddo11'gsuotqo4sryy

'(i993 :osr:69VZ6I10 'O'S 'L86I.teqopo 'ellerlsnv 'uouaque4 HIUAd .o1o{) ggggnddog 6Z urelsa^\ neu :sndt1

'gegrp e8uolruu 9-7 pe e,re:q1pur8:eru euqunf 'lpu!'I ollaqplle slesor-op111edsrarud snquog snqrurJJe opnoct8uololuapDp) srlp snqarcedsy

N'lyrsidVol. 14, No. 1/2 (2001) and ConservationGroup for the period 1981-1983 during which we also servedon the Committee. fai Alisondevelopedan interestin terrestrialorchids in SouthAustralia,andhas enthusiastically promoted afl the study and conservationof WesternAustralian orchids. 26 shr Notes.Caladenia harringtoniae is declaredas Rare Flora (Brown et a/ 1998).We haveseen only a few ve widely scattered populations between Albany and Nannup. At one location it grows with sle C. winfteldii, which flowers at the sametime, but hybrids have not been recorded.C- harringtoniae ab hasalso been collected once at the samesite as C. christineae. It often grows with, but flowers a month sol earlier than C. serotinL- atl thc brr Caladeniaharringtonice is one of the smallesFfloweredmembers of the C. longicauda complex. ye. Its nearestrelative appearsto be C. winfieldii, b[t C. harringtoniae differs in its slightly smaller paler 12 pink flowers, its narrower sepalswith tapering apices; its smaller labellum, white near the base becomingpink towardsthe apex,and its shorterlabellum frin ge.C. horringtoniae is also similar to C, christineae,but differsin its sickly sweetodour, its pink floral colour, somewhatbroader lateral sepals Se, and labellum, and its occuflencein wet peaty soils. ch rot There are small-flowered membersof the Caladeniapatersonii complex in South Australia and 00: Victoda that resembleC.harringtoniae (e.g.C. rosellaG.W . Carr) in the sizeoftheir flowers andtheir s.l of shortlabellum fringe, but thesetaxa differ in theirdarkermore glandularsepals and petals, theirshorter Brr squatlabellum, and thicker clubbed labellum fringe segments.We have no data on how the tepalsof (Pl theseplants are held when fresh, nor on floral odour. 11r Co Caladenia heberleana Hopper & A.P. Br., sp. nov. Wt (Pl A speciebusceteris gregisCaladenia huegelii H. G. Reichb. petalissepilisque plerumque diluto- luteis vartiabilibus suffusionibus hebetato-marroninis,deflexis cum clavis longis angustiscernuis, sepalislateralibus 4 9.5 cm longis,3-6 mm latis cum claviosdiluto-aureo-brunneis 25-75 mm longis, Dit petalis4.2-8.5 cm longis, 2-4 mm latis cum clavis pallido-aureo-brunneis20-52 rnm longis, labello to€ 1716 mm longo, 10-15 mm lato, lamina basali alba cum lineis soseisradiantibus, labelli fimbria fra segrnentisgracilibus acutis, ad 9 mm longis, albarum,irregulariter maculatis cum roseisad marroninis hei diffefi.

Flc Typas: Hassell National Park, c. 29 km west-north-westof SandalwoodRoad on Hassell Highway, 34'40'S, 118'29'E, WesternAustralia, 6 October1981, S.D. Hopper 6195(holo: PERTH 01751581; Et, iso: AD!, CBG!, K!, MEL). ent has Illustrations.N. Hoffman & A. Brown, Orchidsof South-WestAustralia,2nd edn,p. 95 (1992)and rev. ins 2nd ednwith suppl.,p. 95 (1998).

Nol Plant solitary or in loose clumps.lea/ ercct, linear, 8-20 cm x 5-15 mm, pale green,basal third cor usually irregularlyblotched with red-purple.Scape2045 cmtall. Flowers 1 or2(3), c. 6-12 cm across, osn predominantlypale yellow with variablesuffusions,lines and spots of redmaroon; floral odour absent. stu( Sepalsand petals stiffly held, linearJanceolatein basal 1/6-115,then abruptly narrowing to a long- poF acuminateapex; osmophoretumescent, 20-65 mm long on dorsal sepa|2O 15 mm long on lateral sepals,20-52 mm long on petals,light brown, consistingof minute denselypacked globular sessile glandular cells. Dorsal sepal erect and slightly incurved, 4.5-10 cm x 25-3 n\m. Lateral sepals scal obliquely spreadingand downcurved,4 l0 cm x 3-6 mm. Petalsspreadingthen obliquely downcurved, mol 4-8.5 cm x 2-4 mm. Labellum obscurely3-lobed, prominently 2-coloured,white, occasionallywith 'sureldpues qll,rr -relurarur dllensn uraqgou aql ur sJnccoos[€ za.rol 3 seduls Surlerperlueururord eroru 'elrq,^ 'seroqdouso 'pe^ qlr.4d u€r{lJeqler elrq,tr-qstlutd eururel unllaqpl Ieseqeqt uI pue 1ue:rsauqdlacrecs qod uello,\^sssolslr ur sraJJrpqJrq,r'"a./o/ J eq olueadde ouoaltaqaqotuafDpJIoeNNIQJ lserceueqJ alrss 'lq8rr IPIA] u,nros1r ur sarcedse,{pua1c sr 1rsnql'suopelndod -3uc ernd a?:e1snoreurnu ur sJr.JaoouDaltaga{ , leql u,&\oqseleq selleslno pu€ epeqeg uoX ,{qsepnls 'luer 'ra,,re,r,rog uo4elndode,llsuelxe (1 11 :t86I u,llorq ? ueruJJog 3 e) uollernoloc elyd puuseroqdoruso 'sso. alu8uolo s1rot e(e 'suasnla8anq 'J pw Dpnn8uol puqdq € eq ol poJoprsuoc lol 3;o lernleu prlq ueeq saq DaDa4aqaqoluapolo) pu?lut elpll E pue lseoJ qlnos eql Jo sercedsuoruruoc y saJolg

's,{EA\ 'sprqcro Jeqloduetu ur qc$eser rno pelsrssesEq pue Jo qtrposuI .AEJ sdrrl plar; 1u.ro,losuo sn perueduroJJcscq uod Bxr?lpeuvuun snoJarxnuuouuollp Jno ol lq?noJqseq 'raqderSoloqd puBlse,t1-qlnos aql;o sprqcroaql;o e?pel,nou1puorldecxeue seqoq,r,r pue lsursnqluo 'dueqly 't3o1out{19 prqrro pelecrpeppu€ ueuuaqsrJ go (-g 161) elraqeH I ppuog rhl reg€ pawe.1tr :I8! 'f,ut ':eqolog o1requeldag'potnd Sutnuolg

(yg1 e:n8rg) ,{puvs.{11ensn ere spog sdorolnoeyruerS uo qleeq pue qnrJs ur pu?'qlsaq slull ae11ewuado suardrcap swdQocng 'puelpoo,tr ,,'ro1(r;aals snld{1ocng) llnq4tulg fueqyyl(ououaso{ EIIq omtonsocolly)Teoaqs'puulpoo,ri. ruet\L/q€reISurpnlJur'slElrqeq;o eBuer e urs,rorg ecueredsg;olseeo1 ollei dr4s plsuoc,tro.uuuu ur sprenlsvea8uua 3u1gqg eqg puu duuqlv tuor; srncco tr,r qul puo uounqtqsle 'sr3l 'sInl .(elgZZOOO HrUga).u.stuaLFnX.t gT.t C -oln 'ZL6I1ro 6'puotp>yreg 1uno1.1-dnur1fue1,1 uodnrurlue1.1;o g Inr1 tr 9]sepru 9'g :(/Z88ZSI HIUAd) 'A,92.6I 'S, 7gg2nddopqg'96 lro € I EI.it'{red lBuortelqre,,uyplure8zlrgeqlur uerrug thl lsel6 'g,6g.gg',{u,trqSrq :(9rS80600HIUAd)g6gpnddop'q g'9g6l'tco6'A,6t.tZI ecueredsg-arpreEloo3 ',{eq 'iI,Zt.8II uo uosqrgJo 1,1ur1 1 1 {rrut :(9r6t9200 g1Ag4) trtr7pnddolq O'S'Vg6f lco 9 ,g,1g.yg,eqcrX 'pU eduJJo A\ mI 8 eqcryode3 uo pg sranlal Jo S ru)t€.1I :(/SOISZOOHfUga) '9,97.y9',{eg '{red SI g77pnddog q g'pg6l tr19'A,EZ"6L1 reuergJo S ru{ Z uz,rere3,{egreruorg JO 'S,ZZ.i€'IoorquerC ieu( JolA ru002:(8I17SZ69 HJUAd) 66tg nddog q'g'9961 pO L'g,VE.Lfi Jo JIAq ASSu{6'e^raseU ernleN'uepralueJJo ASIu)I Z:(92t0€€00 HJUAd'X'C€IC'OV) 60nEDddoH'e S '986I 'des 'a,99.t 'S,00.9f 'r{releura3 ',{ueq1y;o puP 0t I I erqurelly1o .{repunoq g ltN ru)t9 :(02610900 'eJuBIodsA'eas 111a3.4)'u'suo13ur.uvH'I'V'LL6l'desI ulo4 tu19',{egsueopg a>1nq o13u1pee1puor 'A,'0.IZ 'S,8S"Z€')ued ;o a8pe:(67999699 g1Ag4) ggTuuotg V'986I des 9Z I leuolleNsolrEqC {eed'selr?q3{sod Jo 169 uq g1'1cog3oO :VITVUJSnV NIAISAII.'pautwDxasuaunads papaps syed 5a (w-nzt ase( 'eptl\wwl2 ',nio11ed'8uol Jale ern8rg) ueas1ouaJnsdz3u,re.g-,ro11a,{ ow8ttS uru 7-g't otur11o4mo11ef, 'uruJ 'pe8ur,r 'xel qsruoal8 t-g x V-E'J nquv seqclolq4urd-uooreru eyed qtr,n ,ro11efdrueerJ ,{[peoJq 'uur '[e1 Zt-6 x 0Z-gI ?uar7o3 alssas Sururocaqpue xede sprB,rollueJseJcep uru g e 1sa3uo1eq1 'padeqs-1cps;1o3'eururel 'uooreru 'unlloq€l Iesequo tueelc?u[uoceq UBp eq]Joql?uel eql €/Zlsuel l€ ?urpuelxes,tror; ur 41ocourwoT'xade aql splc^\ol luaJserJeprllEJ uooJeru{rsp pe{ooq seurleuos qlu( asnlqo 3urce4-pru,t.ro;,{pq31ys peorq uoqs qlr,trsut3reru eqolpru :eqolprurJeeu luecsercep ,{pdruqu aD!L erequq,,rr Suol ruu 6 o1qlec (peddq-a1rq,nserurleruos) uruerc o1 uooreur elud reeuq eleururnJ€ Jepuels qll^ qlrr'relerrqurS 3u[uocaq''{\eJc oqlJPeu surSreur erqua q1r,r 1ce]e seqoI IeJele[:rler Surpuecse,{1lecrga,r /I\aJ 'pe^rnrel o1,{yenbrlqo fq peleunu:e1pue spre,trdnperunc dlelereporu lqod 1sapr,r,r1u sur8reru dldJeqs prrqylecrde'pluozuoq ogBur,r:nc prrql elpptu'enbtlqo ol pe.Iauro.g 8ut,,unc prtql I€sEq'ulru9I-0I x9Z -Z 'peueu€lJ I ueq.,'\aurllno ur elepJocolelEproJ-rBrurI eurul?l:Jpr,r tuur9'Z-9 I J raulaB uo elBlncrus Pel( 'xode 'seduls ^UJrls pa^rnral uoorelu 1:ep ,{luro;run e ur Surteuruuet Surlurperper o1 lurd lure;

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sar rul pol ibll

Ca Rir 18:

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Figure 13. Djstributionmaps. A - Caladeniaheberkana: B - C ,irla subsp.hifta . and C. hirla svbsp.rosea. ; C - C. hoffnanii snbsp.hoflmanii . znd C. hofrndnii snbsp.granitioln .; D C. huegelii. 1: :I surqdsqns i::1:::::T:1::::T:::.:::;:',ff.#"1 '3uo1ruc '{urd-dueorc 7-7 s1e1edpu€ sledesqlr,tr eled sre,tolg I

ot nq muapqoJ lo segcedsqnso1 ,{ay

'osnllns '3 x ecnpordo1 opnon8uol 3 q1r.,neaprrq,{q sercedsqns qlog 'uollnqrJlslp rtoql ur deye,ro f,1ererexel o,tr1eqJ'slenpr^rpur peJe ers se sJnrco pue sro^\olJ reyed:a8re1 seq o/.rrq dsqnso1ut1 , lse.r-qlnos Jo,4ol orll Jo spaJsI[?JutcJ q8rq ur pue lseoceq1 ruou eyq,tr'porred Surre,rog .{geeue pue lrqeq SurruJoJdunlJ ?'s.re,,rroglurd ryep lprus seq aasoldsqns ou?q ouapolv) seeJepuelur reup uI sercodsqnso,n1 q1r,r,r sorcads uoruuroc puu peerdsepr,try sa1o,y

'JeqrueloN ot eunl pouad 3uta,to1g

'sruuolcrluelel ,{,rueqpuu s,{e1cdpuus o1 spues deep ruo.rg 'spuulpoo,r 'seare ,{ru,lsltog sut?reure4e1l1us puu sdorclno elruerS eellErupuelur lseroJpue spu€lpoolr 'fug 'tolqoq Flseoc trt srnccg elrleeJslpuu purg seude4 uee,Lrleqpeo'tdsepr16 puo uo!fiqutslg

'uees lou alnsdv) 1u1do1 ueer8 'c -,rolle,{ ,{uuerr'epl,\\ ruur S't-Z c ow34g Noylal'?uol ruru t-Z otut11o4'4urdol tttollef qsrueerS 'IJtw 'J 'seqq 'pe8ur,tr 'ruru e-A x t-Z rapuv o1q1u1d 1-rep q1t,,ro. lurd o1ruue:c ,(1,troueu g-g x gI-6 'llel 'pedsqs uunlo, elrssesSuluroceq pue xede spJe,trolluecserJap urur t r 1se3uo1eql 'e11q,tr. '1urd 'run11eqz1 ->gc11s;1o? esuq eqt Jo q18uoleql t/€ lseel le ?urpuelxes^\ot , ul tllor outwoT 'xede 'JepeoJq eq1spre,trotr pu? Surlrun uouo 1u$soJcep JIIBcesnlqo ro eluurunce Surceg-pre,luo; n oJJeuuoqs qlrn sur8Jetueqolp[u :oqoyplurreeu (luecsercep lou) ezrsur ue,tee:e qcrg,n?uo1 urur 1 o1 t11ecpeddtl-1u1d q1,t elrq,rnreeutl ,{1,touPu oleulurnie Jepuels qll^\ elEJJes3uItuocaq'^\elc aqlJo ruru8 -9 u1q11.rsulSreur erlluo qll^r lJero seqol 1ue1e11111ec Surpuecse .{pq8qs ,{q peleuru-r:elpue spremdn 'pea:ncer 'luluozuoq perunc ,{lacrucslurod lsopr,nn1e surSruu d1d:eqs971 lecrde ,{lruou S/Z elppnu 'leluozuoq 'peueuEU o1lcere ruor; ?urrun3 S/Z Iessq'uru 8-g x 0Z-{ I ueq,r eurllno ur Ieproquoqt 'saduls -reaurl euruel :opr,l ultu Z-g t ? ^\BIc p uo el€lncruB,{g;11s Surterpereled ]o suotsnJJns 'peqoy-6 'ww lurd leuorseccoldacxe parnoloc .{1u:o;run ,{lerncsqownfiaqo1 t-Z x wc S'E-g'I 'spJe,rlno 'uJw 'sacrde Surqcru ro Sulpeerds splad ,-€ x rrrJ 1g-9 1 paruncu,,nop,{1enb1yqo 'spJe,rlno 'utunloJ qll^\ ueuo Surqcre:o Surpeerdsslodas |ota1o'J uru S €-g Z x ruc g'€-g I ol passudde,{1aso1c prB,^droJ 3ur^lnr puElcata Todas lostog'xedu spre,tol pelced flesuep Sururoceqslec rulnpuul? eltssasre1nqo13 alnurur yo Surlsrsuoos.n€rl JulnpuelS :eJoqdouso luerseunl u 3urpe1 xedu eleulunJe ,{proqs reynpuey8flesuep u,truy-gsru,r.orqe o1 Sur,r,rolreu^llenp€J8 'eleloecuel fl,troueu 'p1aq 'suorsnJJns o1 fpeorq .(ggrtsslotad puo slodag luosqeJnopo lerog ilurd esor o1lurd ro {urd leuorsBccoqtr,{{ elrq,\('ssorc8 ruc g-Z r'g IsJa$olC l|etulc g9-al adocg'uaat?eled'uru 0Z-g x urc0Z 'reeurl 'Surpeerds 1 dlpeorq flleluoz.rorqto parc loa7'sdutnlc asuopol asool ur ro ,{relqosgzp

'(99 'u's arn?rg'ueaso1oqd1 a alg'a'z ryg @gernSrg) puoaau1't'6EgI 're,ug ue,trg.'arl(ru,{spapryxg ((121:-1261)e8rce5ap1l'ueaso1oqd1-;:orrai) u s to11o1,t1st1tr1'nt.la '8aA 'Jog 'Ipur.I esse,1:adK1 (Otgt) lll pueddy ra,rrX uu.rs, :EZ-I s.sptottpg vr BIlq BluapeleC

'qoreaser.requn; 3u1,ro11o; uorlruSocertluouoxel luer:e,u.,{uurpue'e8re1 erB sr?qlo elq,r\ lprrrs ,{puelslsuocara suorlelndod euos 'sre^\og slrJo eztseql ur uorleue^alqereprsuoo s,lloqs ,uoaltaqaq'2'(snwtta44nd'ypue sn{nt '3 soqluozo8tuysmed oo.re?uu1 eq1 e) ereueSlse,r-q1nos reqlo ,{ueruur ueesse .rrud sarcads urcldpues 'snql 'slulrqeq uequou-uteldpuesu.Ieqlnos u;o eydurexepoo? e an oanl D pue Duoayaqaq? lo,tr

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kaf 4-10 cm long. ... subsProsea

Caladeniahirta Lindl. subsp.hirta

CaladeniatenuisFrtzg., Gard.. Chron. (new ser.) 17: 461 (1882). Type; Saint Werburgh's Chapel Iust southof MountBarker], Westem Australia, R.D. Fitzgerald s.n. (lrolo; BM!).

Illustrations.E.Pelloe,West Australian Orchids, frontispiece colour plate no. 11 (1930); R. Erickson, Orchidsof theWesI,znd edn, Plate 29 No. 16 (1965);W. Nicholls,Orchids olAustralia, plate 233a (1969);A.S. George& H.E. Foote,Orchids of WestemAustralia, p. 12 right photo (undated); C. Woolcock& D. Woolcock,Australian Terrestrial Orchids, plate 16B (1984);E. Bennett,The BushlandPlants of KingsPark Western Au stralia,figure 222 (1988); M. Hodgson& R. Paine,Field cuide toAustralianorchids, p.67 (1989);N. Hoffman& A. Brown,orchids of south-westAustralia, 2ndedn, p. 140(1992) and rev. 2nd edn with suppl.,p. 140(1998).

P/czlusuallysolitary.Leaf 6-20 cmlong. Scape 1c_!6O cmtall F lowers1'4, c.3-5 cmacross, white with occasionalpink suffusions.sep als 1..8-3.5cm long.Petals L.7-3.5 cm long.Labellum lamina 12-20x 6-8 mm.(Figures 14A-P)

Selectedspecimens examined. WESTERN AUSTRALLA,: Muirs Highway, c. 200mW of Thompsons Rd,34"27'S,116'38'F-,16Qct.1986,A. Brown492(PERTHl1697919);Kewdale,31'58'S, 115"58'E, 7 Sep.1976,R.Coveny 8216 (PERTH 00262188);New Norcia, towards Victoria Plains,29 Aug 1901' L. Dielss.n. (PERTH 00324132); Quairading, 11' Sep- 1931, Ednondson s'n' (PERTII 00324582); SofYallingup,8 Oct.1967,A.5. George9206 (PERTH 00324094);6km SSEofGracetown, Tkm NW of MargaretRiver, 33"55'S, 115'00'E, 9 Oct.1984,5.D.Hopper 4292 (PER'[H 00261238);37 '3 U'm Sof Mandurahon the Old Coast Rd, 10.7 km N of PrestonBeach Rd,32"50'S, 115"41'E 9Sep'1985' S.D.Hopper 4492 (PERTH 00908614); S vergeof MuirsHighway,0.2 km W ofThompsonRd atthe "MJ6O"sign, 37 krn WNW of RockyGully, 34'27'5, L16"38'E'16 Oct. 1986,S.D. Hopper 5754 (PERTH01198785); Walpole, Oct. L96-1,W.Rogerson !03 (PERTH00324140); Yarloop, Sep. 1941' E. Scouters.n. (PERTH 00262196); Walpole, ? Oct. 1973,E. WittwerW.1161 (PERTH 00325066)'

Distributionqnd habitct Foundbetween Arrowsmith and Albany in Banksia,Tuartand PePpermint woodlands,Jarrah forest and swampmargins. soils vary from deepsand to heavylatedtic loam. (Figure138)

Floweringperiod, September to November.

Noles.A commonsubspecies of thehigher rainfall areas of south-westwestem Australia. Although someintergradation does occurwith Ccla deni7 hirta stbsp.rosea along the eastern and northem edges of its distribution,C. llirl4 subsplrirla chamcteristicallyhas more flowers per scape,larger paler- colouredflowers to 5 cm across,taller scapes. a longerleaf anda laterflowering period.

Caladeniahirta subsp.ros€a Hopper & A.P.Bt., subsp.nov.

A subspecietypica floribus roseis parvioribus differt. Figuft hairs( -peta Tlpas:Mt HamptonNature Reserve, east boundary, T2 km north-eastofNarembeen, 81 km south-east lamin ofMerredin, 31'45'S, 119'04'E,Westem Australia, 5 Septembert984, S.D.Hopper 4058(holo: N-c 'sauof-'lC,{q u^\ErC Erurllod- d :aprsurorJ ulunlo. - O luo{ ruo{ ulunlm N :olo - :xadE ruau rllEr surruel unlloq?l hl :snllrr ?ururel ulnlleqel Iesoq 1 :lllp. eulurEl lsee ulnlleqrllBspqrDeu-):rprsLUorJ unllaqelpauort.es trlluurpnlfuol f:c^oqE luo{ runllcqDlpcueltEll l:luo4uroq lEtod- H luoq ruo{ I"d:s FrrlEI- C :ruorl[uo4 ledrsIesrop C :aplsurorJ rc^\oU g :luo.{uro{ rc^\o[ C :od?csroddn uo srl€q -J l:drJs ra^\oluo srert g:lupld V /s sp.r,plY gN'E E r'n:.,{er{qeql LUo{rr.r7{ dsqnsDulqD apqD) tl.jne'{

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90 Nr)/sia Vol. la. No. U2 (2001)

PERTH 00260827;iso: ADl, CBG!,K!). blo Illustrations.W. Nicholls,Orchids of Australia,plate 233, unnumbered pink flowerto thedght of a toy (1969);N. Hoffman& A. Brown,Orchids of South-WestAustralia, 1st edn, p. 166(1984), 2nd edn, p. seF 141(1,992) and rev. 2nd ednwith suppl.,p. 141(1998). to tuII dar P/anrusually clump ed. Leaf 4-10 cmlong.Scape lV25 cm tall.Flowers 1-3, c. 2-3 cm across, and pink to rosepink. Sepals 1.5-2.5 cm long.Petqls 1.V2.2 cnlong.Labellum lamfua 10-15 x 5-8 mm. late (Figures12N-S) hor 2-c' c. 30km WSWof Selectedspecimens examined. WESTERN AUSTRALIA: Great Northern Highway or River' PaynesFind, 29'20'5,117"23'E,23 A:ug.1988, A. Brown836 (PERTH 01195069); Oldfield sub StirlingRange, Ravensthorpe-Esperanceroad, 10 Sep. 1911,A.5. George 10990 (PERTH 00325562); arti on Ocl 1920,B.T. Goadby 1625 (PERTH 00324655); 3 km SEof KarlgarinHill, 30 km W of Hyden 12- (PERTH00261696); Kondinin-Hydenroad, 32'30'S, 118'34'E,16 Aug. 1978,S.D. Hopper 7055 bas 1984, KarominHill, 12km N ofNungarin,16 km ENEof Kununoppin,31'05'S, 118'05'E,31Aug. wid km SE of S.D.Hopper 4000(AD, CBG,PERTH 00261262); King Rocks,30 km NE of Hyden,75 call Rock Narembeen,32'19'S, 119'09'E, 5 Sep.1984, S.D. Hopper 4072 (PERTH 00261319); Pallarup sler 1984' NatureReserve, Pallarup Rock, 44.5 NNW of Ravensthorpe,33'15'5,119'45'E,6 Sep. dec (No 31 km N of S.D.Hopper 4093 (CBG, PERTH 00261211); Dragon Rock Nature Reserve 36128), hoo Newdegate,32"49'5,1'19"O2'E, 13 Sep.1985, S.D. Hopper 4568 (PERTH 00909041); Birdwhistle 4ts (PERTH Rock,c.27 km ENE of Narrogin,32"53'5, 11'7'28'F,,23Sep. 1988, S.D Hopper6768 topl 01667513);MtRidley, EofGrass Patch, 20 Aug.7918,D.R. Vot8,54P.P. eERTH 00325112); Kalbarri' sess 3 Aug. 1980,R.C. Wenm 1859 (PER IH 00325104). Anh c. 1 Distributionandhabilat. Ranges between Kalbarri and Israelite Bay, extending to thewestem margins of thewheatbelt. Grows often on graniteoutcrops, on themargins of saltlakes and other areas where Dr, (Figure soilmoisture accumulates. Soils vary from red clay-loams to sands. 138) den Pinl Floweringperiotl. June to September. Flot Named from the Latin - roseus (rose coloured or reddening), alluding to the floral Et!, of( Noles.A particularly common andwidespread subspecies ofthe wheatbeltand the adjacentgoldfields Mur and pastoral corntry. Caladenia rirla subsp. rosea is readily distinguished from the nominate kno' subspeciesby its pink colouration,clump forming habit, smaller statureand earlier flowering. Noh Caladenia hoffmanii Hopper & A.P. Br., .1p.ttov. rem

A Caladenia corynephora A. S. George petalis sepalisquecum clavis minus camosis, labello ( aliquantum parviore, L2-77 mm longo et 6-8 mm lato, sine apice glandulareaureo-brunneo, labelli C. c' lamina dimidio basali alba cum lineis marroninis radiantibuset prope margines cum suffusionibus tumr marroninis, labelli fimbria breviore ad 5 mm longa, et callis pawiorbus in zonis angustioribus basa centralibusad 3 mm latis dispositis differt. sma

?ypus; Morseby Range,Western Australia, September 1984,K Miller s n. (holo: PERTH 00899623; ! isorAD!. CBG!.MEL!). (Cal 'uloatoq dsqrs opnoc8uol '2 qtr,r sezrprrqf,qfllenolsecco (ltuotutlorq'dsqns nuouttlo4 oruapo1o2) 'pazruSo.rar qJrq^\Jo Juo pueEroll JreUse pJrplJJpeJe qJrq^\ 1o qtoq ue sarl:dsqnson1

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'iu.,i\org DluapDto) Z:dSotopq.ro uDIIeIlsnV ur4s!/d d.V t reddoH OS (r( 92 NuytsiaVol. 14, No. 1i2 (2001)

Key to subsp€cies oI Cahdenia hofJnanii

Labellum lamina usually 12-14 mm long, linear-cordateto Ilh cordatein outlinewhen flattened, with the maroonapical midlobe pla narrowly triangular and acute;lamina calli decreasingin length N. evenlyftom baseto nearapex, the longestto 1.5mm tall. A. Column10-13 mm tall ...... subso. hoffmani t: Labellumlamina 15-20 mm long,linear-cordale (never cordate) in outlinewhen flattened, vr'ith the maroonapical midlobe narrowly z.J tdangularto almostparallel sided with apexobtuse and mucrcnate, wil rarelyacute; lamina calli decreasingin lengthabruptly beyond the mu basalcluster towards apex, the longeist to 3 mm tall. Column14-17 mm tall ...... subsp.graniticola lp' Sel Caladeniahoffrnanii Hopper & A.P.Br. subsp.hoffmanii 45(

Dir Illustrations.N. Hoffman & A. Brown, Orchidsof South-WestAustralia, 2nd edn,p. 124, [as C, hoffnaniil (7992),rcv,2nd ednwith suppl.,p. 124 (1998);A. Brown, C. Thomson-Dans,& U.er N. Marchant(eds), Westem Australia's Threatened Flora, p. 34 (1998). qk Dorsalsepal2-2.8 cmlong. Lateral sepals 2-2.8 cm x3-3.5 mm.Petals L.7-2.5 cm x2-2.5 mrn. Labellumlamina linearcordate to cordatein outlinewhen flattened, 12-14 mm long,with maroon apicalmidlobe nanowly triangular and ac e.Lamina calli decreasingin lengthevenly ftom baseto nearapex, the longestto 1.5 mm tall, Column10-13 x 5-6 mm.Anther c. 7.5-2 x 1.5-2 mm. (Figue 72T-Z)

Selectedspecimensemrflired WESTERNAUSTRALIA: Moresby Range,23 Aug. 1985,A. Browns.n. (PERTH 00905402);near Northampton,25 .Aug. 1982,A. Brown s.z. (PERTH 00267538)tne r Geraldton,23 Aug. 1984,A. Browns.n. (PERTH 00267554); Murchison River Gorge, 7 Sep.1966, A,S. Georges,n, (PERTH00267546); NE of Geraldton,27 htg.7980, G.J, Keighery 3328(PERTH 00330841);Murchison River, Sep. L966, J. Tonkinsons.n. (PERTH 00267929).

Distribution and.habirat Rangesftom the lower MurchisonRiver and Geraldton,growing beneath denseheath in clay loams.on hillslopesand near breakaways. (Figure 13C)

Flowering period. August to September. ,r il Notes.Caladenia hoflinanii slbsp.hofrnanii dilfers fiom C. hoftnanii stbsp.graniticola in its smaller t? flowerswith shofierbasal calli and columl, its earlierflowering period, and its more northetly distributionin clay loamsnear lateritic sandstone breakaways.

Caladenia hoffmanii subsp.graniticola Hopper& A.P. Br., subsp.nw.

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91 Nryrri4 vol. 14, No. 1/2 (2001) s.t

'7 Lateral sepals obliquely spreadingdownwards, 4-12 cm x 4 mm. Petals spreadingsometimes tht obliquely downcurved, 3 6 cm x 3-5 mm. Labellum obsc:urely3-lobed, prominently 2-coloured, tn( cream,becoming greenishtowards fringe, with pale red radiating stripes,terminating in a uniformly coi dark maroon recurvedapex, the latterprominently channelledand infundibularwhen viewed from the shr front, stiffly articulatedon a claw c. 1.5-2.5 mm wide; lamina linear-cordateto cordate in outline, 19 23-30 x13 20mm, with dark midlobe almostparallel-sided and obtuse with a shofily acuteapexwhen vis flattened, basal third cuwing from erect to oblique, middle third curving to horizontal, apical third flo sharply recurved,margins at widest point moderatelycurved upwards and terminatedby vertically flo ascendingcalli; laterallobes erect with entiremargins near the claw, becomingfimbriate with slender Hu acuminatelinear sometimesbifurcate greenish-creamsuffused maroon usually white{ipped calli to 15 mm long which areabruptly decrescentnear midlobe; midlobe marginswith sho (to 3mm) slender slightly forward-facing obtuse (rarely acute) sometimes hooked or bifurcate dark maroon calli to decrescenttowards the apex.Lamina calh in 4 rows extendingat least3/4 the length of the labellum, toE dark maroon, becomingcream towardsthe baseof the lamina, golf stick-shaped,the longestc. 2 mm pri tall, decrescenttowards apex and becoming sessile.Column 17-22 x 10-74 mm, broadly winged, greenishyellow greenishyellowwith palemaroon blotches,Antherc.5 x 4mm, with maroonsuffusions. Ca yellow-fawn. Pollinia c. 4 mm long, yellow. Stigmc c. 3-4 mm wide, Capsule rot seen. tur PE Selectedspecimens examined. WESTERN AUSTRALTA: Thornlie, 7 Sep, 7971, A.S. Ceorge 14856 (CBG, (PERTH00255971); Yallingup, 8 Oct.1967,A.5. George9207 PERTH00256404); Jandakot, Ith (PERTH 3397(PERTH 7 Sep.1958,.4.S. Georgcs.a. 00256021);Leeming,2'lSep.1983,5.D. Hoppcr Wr Yates,2lSep. 00255955);Canningvale,26 Sep. 1983, S.D. Hopper3400(PERTH 00256463); near Mt sul 7983, G.J. Keighery 6100 (PERTH 00309869); Pinjarra, Sep. 1925, State School s.z. (PERTH 00321492);Queens Park, Sep.1912,M.E. Wood8.2319 (PERTH 00255939). rhi Distribution and habitat. A speciesof scatteredoccurr€nce rn Banksia, lanah and Marri woodlands acl ftom just northof Perthto theMargaret River area, usually within 20 km of thecoast. Grows amongst denselow shrubsin deepsandy soils, flowering in greaterprofusion following summerfire. (Figure13D) hel slil Flowering period. Septemberto October. Iigl ere Notes.A rarespecies (Declared Rare), probably once common on the coastalplain but due to extensive 3.5 clearing now confined to scatteredsmall areasof remnantbushland. Lat sor Since its descriptionby Reichenbachin 1871 a good deal of confusionhas surrounded thc correct ten identity of CaladeniahuegeLii.It hasbeen regarded by most authorsas a widespread,variable species anr and assuch has embraced a numberof relatedbut neverthelessdistinct taxaincludingC. pectinata and flal C.ferruginea.'fhe type sheetcontains three distinct taxa,includingC. ensata.Ceorge (1971) selected cur "best a lectotype from one of the remaining two, remarking that it agreeswith Reichenbach's SO description"ofthe species.However, the original description, published in themiddle of a paragraph, up\ appearsto more closely match the third specimenfound on the left side of the sheet,especially the cla referenceto an oblong labellum, toothed at the front and with a rounded, shallowly notched end. wh Hopper & Clements (1989) recognizedthis and proposedthe specimenon the left (labelled as the obt syntype)be re-designatedas the lectotypeof C. huegelii.This was recordedon a determinavitplaced rl3 on thetype sheet by thesenior author on 17April 1991.The specimen previously labelled as lectotype c.1 is describedherein as C, paludosa. yel yel "K.G.S. The location of King George Sound (actually Hugel") on the type sheet is given immediately below the specimenof Caladenia ensqtaand may be accuratefor that specimen(given ,Sel Jo eprs rlA eql uo ElsnSnv Jo N uq I r :YITydJsnv NuEJSa,/\\ paulutota suaunads pa7ca1a5 ueA ueA 'epI^A (g y91 ernSrg) uaas1ou a1nsdo2 u,trorqqs1,t'ioy1e.{ qrtp ulu g € { g'c ou3t1g'No11e[ '3uo1 'c 'uru ruur g g-1 g orur11o4'ueat?qsr,^\oll?{ t x t J;a4tay's8uqleur uooreuraled q1t,tmo11o,{ 'pe8urrr qsrueer8 dlpeorq'uur 0I-€ x 07-91uwn1o) xeduspre^rol luacsercep ,{pq311s'1e1uru g 1 c ed,i 'pedeqs-{crls 'ueeI3-qsr^\o11ad'run11equ1 lseBuol eq1 JIoB eqt ;o qtBuol eW ZII-tlI paJ Sqpuelxe saoJ ur Durwol xede eq1 sprearol luecseJJepIIIeJ pe{ooq seurteuos esnlqo eql t Ulo) 'pul ?urre;-pre,trog,{pqArTs peorq uoqs qll^\sur8rerueqolpru laqolpltrIruau tueasalrep ,{pdruqe ere qcrq,tr 3uo1ruru o1qpc ueerS-qs1,ro11e,{o1ueerS reeutl eleurrunceJepuels qtl^d elEIJquIJ Suttuoceq ',l^elc eql 9 'qd, eql ruau sur?reurerllue qll^\ lceJeseqol leJelel:lTJcc ?utpuacse ,{pq311s {q peleulural put spre,trdn peunc i(lecrecslurod 1sapr.,',tle surSrsu'leuunJ B SuIuuoJlsotule',{lFlpelu pelleuueqceq ol sEos s,q: surSrerupe,rrncur qlr,trpe,rrncu,,nop,{yfueqsZIlfilIl!..'Je',{llzJelEI peuelleI puBIeluozuoq ol pe^inc Polr 'enb1lqo 'peuellug [11r1?r1s917-a11e1ppnu ol l]eJe ruoq Sur,unc:agenb les[q'ulu 9I-II x tZ-{Z pu! uaq,r ourTlnour ruyn?ueu1:oelepioc ol elepJoc-JeaullculruBl :epr,r ruru Z I J ,reJJ B uo alElncru? seli dl;Jrls'eqolptu aql i/g-771 8ur,{dnccofllensn xaduporuncer uooreur ryep ,{1uuo;tune ut Surleutuuol lce. 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!u,{org DluapDlDJ Z:^Soloprqdo uell€Isnv Ulatser1[ d-V d, reddoH CS (rr 98 Nulrsid Vol. 14, No. 1/2 (2001) thencurving inwardsand obliquely upwards,4-6 cm x 3.5-5 mm, basenarrowly lunate,then abruptly nanowing asfor dorsalsepal. Petru ls usually straight,spreading obliquely downwardsand backwards, 3.54.5 cmx2.5-3.5 mm. Labellumprominently 3Jobed,2- or3-coloured,yellow to yellowish-green, terminatingin a uniformly dark purple forward projectingapex, loosely articulateon a claw c. 1.5 mm wide; lamina obtuselyhastate, 1ti-22 x l5-20 mm, with the laterallobe apicesfacing outward (rarely curvedobliquely forward and somewhatacute), the midlobe 7-12 mm wide, narrowly triangularwith a long acute apex (rarely somewhat dilated apically) when flattened, basal third erect, distal 2/3 horizontal, margins at widest point deeply curved upwards and becoming obliquely to veflically ascending;lateral lobes erectwith entire proximal margins;midlobe margins entire,rarely becoming shortly dentatewith broad slightly forward-facing obtusesimple calli apically.I amina calli densely congestednear base,separating apically in a medial band extending at least half the length of the labellum terminatingbefore the dark purple apex,dark purplish-maroon,linear to slightly clavate,the longest c. 5 mm tall, decrescenttowards apex and becoming sessile. Column 77-24 x 8-10 mm, narrowly winged, wings flat to undulatenear base, pale yellow-greenwith prominentpale maroon blotches.A nther c. 34 x 3.5 mm, greenish-yello\a. Pollinia c. 4 mm long, yellow. Srignm c. 5 mm wide, dark dull maroon to pale gteen.Capsule notseen.(Figure 15G-N)

Selectedspecimens examinetl. WESTERN AUSTRALIA: PaulsValley , 34'08'S, I17'23'E, 30 Sep. 193O,R. Ericlcsons.n. (PERTH 00264644);Tutanning Reserve(c. 25 km E of Pingelly), 32"33'S, 117"20'8, 16 Oct. 1964, A.S. George 6449 (PERTH 00264199); Mt Bakewell, York, 31'51'S, 116'45'E,24 Sep.1.961,A.5.George s.n. (PERTH 00578126); Tenterden Nature Reserve Nurnber 30774,34"22'5,117'34'F,29 Oct.1990, M.5. Graham MSG299 (PERTH 01609475); nearTower Hill, c. 5.5km SW from Wagin,33"20'5,117"18'E, 12 Oct, 1986,5.D.Hopper 5644(PERTH 01196146); BirdwhistleRock, c. 27 km ENE of Narrogin,32'53'5, 117'28'E,23 Sep.1988, S.D. Hopper 6765 (PERTH 01195123);Kendenup, 34'29'5, 117"38'F,,1934, F.W. Rowe s.n. (PERTH 00264121); Murchison River, 23 Sep. 1948.B. Shipway s.n. (PERTH 00264598).

Distribution and habila/. Occurs in isolatedpopulations between Tenterden and Clackline. There is a disjunctoccuuence ofa smaller-floweredform nearKalbani whereit hasnotbeenseen in recentyears. Preferredhabitat appears to be underdense Rock Oak adjacentto graniteoutcrops, but it hasalso been foundin openWandoo woodland. Soils are sandy clays or graniticloams. (Figure 168)

Flowering period. Septemberto October.

Noles. A rare speciesof scatteredoccunence between Tenterden and Kalbarri. lt is a member of the Caladeniadilatata complexfiom which it is easily identifiedby its entire,rather than fringed labellum margins. Rare hybrids have been found between C. integra and C- falcatq in the Williams area. C. €rsl.rzsis closely relatedtoC. integrabut differs in its smallerflowers, less obviously falcate sepals, shortermore prominentlylobed labellum with shortergolf-stick shapedcalli extcndinginto the maroon apex and its more easterlydistribution betweenEsperance and IsraeliteBay.

Caladenia interjacens Hopper & A.P. Br., sp.nov.

A speciebusaliis affinibusCqladenia huegelii H.C. Reichb.petalis sepalisque cremeis saepe suffusispallido-roseis, sepalis lateralibus 5.5-11 cm longis et labello plerumquealbido callis fimbriisqueroseis, interdum dimidio apicis atroroseo differt.

Zypus: west side of Mandalay beachroad, c. 16.7 km south-westof the ranger's house,in Walpole Figu National Park, 34'59'S, 116'33'E, Westem Australia, 16 October 1986, S.D. Hopper 5733 (holo: ',,uragpol '.slrqnqryu4lui J- q:suarDttdtu! J J:nJ8)tu! D - g oluapotDJ- v sdpu uorlnqulsrc 9l ern8rc

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PERTTI01708104; iso: AD!, CBG!,K!, MEL!,NSW!). f Illustrations.N.Hoffman & A. Brown, Orchidsof South-WestAustralia,2ndedn, p. 97 (1992)and rev. li 2nd edn with suppl., p. 97 (1998). d d P/ant solitary or in loose colonies.Iec/erect, linear, 8 20 cm x 5-15 mm, pale green,basal third usually irregularly blotchedwith red-purple.Sccpe 30-60 cmtall. Flowers 1 or 2, c. 5-10 cm across, white with pale pink suffusionsand markings;floral odour unknown. Sepalsand petals stiffly held, linear-lanceolatein basal 1/4-113, then abruptly narrowing to a long-acuminateapex; osmophore slenderto prominently tumescent,20-70 mm long in sepals,absent ftom petals,greyish-pink to light brown, consistingof minute denselypacked globular sessileglandular cells. Dorsal sepal erect and vertical, 7-12 cm x slightly incurved, 6.5-10 cm x 34 mm. Lateral sepah acutely downcurved to T, obscurely 5-9 mm. Peralsspreading horizontally then downcurved,4-5.5 cm x 3.5-5 mm. Zabellum 1 3Jobed, concolorous(rarely suffusedwith pink) with pale pink radiating stripes,distal half of lamina with a recurvedapex, stiffly articulateon a claw c. 2 mm wide; laminalinear-cordate to cordatein outline when flattened,20-25 x 10-15 mm, basalthird curving from erect to horizontal,middle third nearly p, horizontal, apical third sharply recurved, margins at widest point scarcely curved upwards and terminated by slighdy to obliquely ascendingcalli; lateral lobes obliquely ascendingwith entire marginsnear the claw, becomingfimbriate with slenderclubbed narrowly fusiform palepink to white calli to 7 mm long which are abruptly decrescentnear midlobe; midlobe margins with short broad ul forward-facing obtusecalli decrescenttowards the apex.Lamina calli in 4 rows extending at least cl 314-41516" length of the labellum, cream or pale pink, golf stick-shaped,the longest c. 2 mm tall, & decrescenttowards apex and becoming sessile.Colazn 18-20 x 8-12 mm, broadly winged, creamy a( yellow with pink blotches.Arlher c. 34 x 3-4 mm, dark pink. Pollinia c. 3-4 mm long, yellow. m Stigma c.34 mmwide, pinkish. Capsule notseen. (Figure 15G-S) D 5. ot Selectedspecimens exazized WESTERN AUSTRALIA: CrystalSprings,2l Sep.1976,A. Browns.n. IC (PERTH00265543);just NWof Kulikup,33'50'S,116'40'E,3 Nov. 1977,A.S. George 15046 (PERTH 01035355);Walpole Nomalup National Park, 13 km WSW of Walpole,7 km NW of Mt Hopkins, hc 35'01'S,116'36'E,9 Oct.7983,5.D.Hopp€r 3541 (AD, BRl, BM, CBG,CANB, DNA, HO, K, MEL, t€l NT, PERTH 00265616);Mandalay Beach road, c. 11.4km SW from the Rangers'house, in Walpole mt NationalPark,34'59'S, 116'33'E, 16 Oct.1986,5.D. Hopper 5732 (CBG, PERTH 01698478); Banksia wl Track behind Cliffy Head,c. 25 km WSW of Walpole,35'01'S,"116'29'E,28 Ocl1981,5.D. Hopper sh 6295(PERT1I 01698451); Fish Creek Rd, c. 9 km SE of LakeMarginup, 34'53'5, 116"14'8,29 Oct. at 1987,S.D. Hopper 6301(PERTII 01208896). c." cft habit4l. Occu6 on the south coastftom Walpole to West Cliff Point over a naffow Distribution and c.. rangeof30 km. Grows in low heathnear the coastin deepsand on consolidateddunes, and occasionally in Peppermintand Yate low woodland. Flowers in greaterprofusion after summerfire. (Figure 16C) Se, Rd Flowering period. Septemberto October.

Dit Named from lhe L^tir interjacets - intervening, coming between, alluding to the Etymology. ma flowerwhich has a mixture of chancteristicsof Caladenia longicauda and species appearanceofthe Me of the C. huegelii complex such as C. applanqta.

Noles.A loiaily commonspecies ofthe southcoast with a very restrictedhabitat and geographical range (Priority Four1.Caladenia interjacenshasno known closerelatives, differing from other membersof the C. huegetii cctmplexnoticeably in its large white to pale pink sepalswith long pale clubs, and its SlIP Jo sr eBur 'Joqtrraceq,{gea o1 :eqop6 a1e1'pouad Swauolg

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C. longicauda tolle specifically distinct. Reichenbach(1871) agreedwith Lindley that C. longicauda was a distinct species,differing from C. patersonii in rts oblonglabellum with calli becomingsmall el anddensely aggregated towards the apex.In contrast,Bentham (1873) did not recogtrseC. longicauda at all, and reducedit to a synonym of his C. patersonii var. dikttata (R. Br.) Benth. This view was supportedby Mueller (1882,1889). lar C. Almost fofiy yearsafter Bentham's publication, Domin (1912) reinstatedCaladenia longicauda asa species,and nameda new variety (eflirers). Subsequently,Rogers (1920) reducedC.longicauda to a variety within C. patersonii, a view followed by Pelloe(1930), Gardner(1930), Erickson (1965), mi Nicholls(1969) and George (1971). its flc "recent Clements(1985) listed Cahdenia longicauda al specific rar*, and statedthat revisionary " studiesby Hopper (pers.comm.) suggestthat speciesrank is appropriate frc

"apparently Clements(1989: 27) consideredCalatlenia longicaudn to be restrictedto the sandy coastalplain around Perth" but providedno discussionor evidence.Jones (1988: 125), who bascdhis lar "Endemic taxonomy on Clements(1989), stated for C. longicauda to WA (Darling Scarp).. This col specieshas been confused until very recentlywith the CommonWhite SpiderOrchid of WA, thecorrect cal nameofwhich is C. eminens...C.logicaula (sic)grows in swampyareas fairly closeto Perthand appears cal to be poorly known." Ke We have examincdthe types of both Cdladenia longicauda andC. eminens.We considerthat the taxon known to occur in swampy areasnear the Darling Scarpis the distinct speciesdescribed herein 1. asC. splendens,whichis more robustthan that representedby rhetype of C. longicauda.'fhe labellum 2. of C. splendenswhen fresh is l5-22 mm wide and its lateralsepals are 10.5-19 cm long and 8-11 mm wide. The dried lectotypeof C. longicautla has a labellum 9 mm wide and lateral sepals10 cm long and4 mm wide.Allowing for shrinkage,the lectotype falls near the small end offresh material ofour 2: conceptof typicalC. longicauda(i.e.labellum lamina 10-15 mm wide; lateralsepals 9-13 cm x 5- 8 mm).

Lindley clearly illustrated on the type sheetand in the protologue of Caladenia longicauda the presenceof more than four rows of calli towardsthe labellum apex.However, this is not diagnostic, being found in both C. longicauda and C. splendens.

TypicalCaladenia longicaudaiswidespreadin well-drainedsoils in theJarrah forest and the inland side of the Swan Coastal Plain benveen Lancelin and Mount Barker. Furthermore, despite the distinctnessofthe types ofC. longicauda andC. eminens,which we understandwas instrumentalin convincing M. Clements (pers. comm. 1987) that these taxa were distinct species,our studies of population variation throughoutthe rangeof the C. longicauda complex show that intergradationof longicauda andemfu €rs occursat many siteswhere their rangesoverlap. Even with fresh materialon 4. defy clearplacement as eitherlongicauda hand,there are many populationsin this zoneofoverlap that 5. or ezizezs. Elsewhere,thc two taxaare consistently distinct. With this in mind, subspecificstatus seems more appropriate,and is consistentwithhowwe havetreated othertaxa in the complexthat showsimilar patterns of intergradation.Our concern is that, should longicauda and eminensbe recognisedas 5: species,all 11 subspeciesof C. longicaudawe recognizeshould be so treatedfor consistency.This would pose significant identification problems in the numerousareas where taxa intergrade. (

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inland from coast 7. I-abellum lamina 12 15 x 6-8 mm when flattened. Waterlogged t winter-wetsoils ..... subsp.albella 7: labellum lamina 15 25 x 7-10 mm when flattened. Well drained soils 8. Labellum marginal calli to 10 mm long; lamina calli usually in up to l- 8 rows towardsapex ...... subsp.borealis 8: l-abellum marginal calli to 5 mm long; lamina calli usually in 2 or lf 4 rows towardsapex IT 9. l-ateral sepalsless than 9 cm long. Darling Plateaubetween Collie and Darkansouth-east to Mount Barker...... subsp.redacta 9: Lateral sepalsmore than 9 cm long. Darling Scarpand near l1 Dunsborough...... subsp. clivicola 4: Labellumwhen flattencd more than 10 mm wide 10.Lateral sepals more than 9 cm long,6-12 mm wide. Inlandareas, acidicsoils...... subsp.eminens I 10: Lateralsepals less than 9 cm long,5-7 rnmwide. Coastalareas, calcareoussoils...... subsp. australora F

Caladenia longicauda Lindl. subsp.Iongicauda

Illustrqtions. E. Pelloe,West AustralianOrchids, frontispiece colour plate no. 4las C. patersonii var, longicaudal(1,930);R. Erickson,Orchids ofthe West,2nd edn,frontispiece No. 5 las C.patersoniivat. longicaudal (1965); R. Erickson, A. George,N. Marchant & M. Morcombe, Flowers and Plantsof WesternAustralia, l stedn, p. 50 plate1 22 (1973); D. Jones,Native Orchids ofAustralia, p. 124( 1988); E. Bennett,The BushlandPlants of Kings Park WesternAustralia, Figure227 (1988); M. Hodgson& R. Paine,Field Guide to Australian Orchids,p. 74,las Caladeniapatersonii var.patersoniil (1989); ,f:l N. Hoffman& A. Brown,Orchids of South-WestAustralia,2nd edn, p. 80 (1992)and rev. 2nd edn with suppl.,p. 80 (1998).

Plant usually solitary, occasionallyin small clumps.Ieal5-15 mm wide. Sccpe 35-60 cm tall. Flowers c.6-9 cm across.Sepals and petals stilfly held basally,with a lax filamentousapex, linear- lanceolatein basal 1/5-114.Dorsal sepal T-11 cm x 3 mm. Lateral sepals spreadingbasally, then verticallyhanging,9-13 cm x 5-8 mm. Peralshorizontal basally, then vertically hanging, 7.5-9 cm x 34 mm, Labellum lamina narrowly cordatein outline when flattened,17 24 x 1O 15 mm; lateral lobes with marginal calli to 8 mm long. Lamina calli somctimesin up to 8 rows towards apex, to c. 2 mm tall. Column 18-22 x 8-10 mm. (Figures 15T-X)

Selectedspecimens excm jned WESTERNAUSTRALIA: Kalamunda,2Sep. 1939,A.8. Cashmore 85 (PERTH00271802); Kewdale, 31o58'S, 115458'8,7 Oct. 1976, R. Coveny8274 (PERTH 00277606); r S ofYallingup,8 Oct.1.961,A.5.George 9204a (PERTH 01935119); 6 km NW ofNannupon Mowen _L Rd,9.4km W ofBlackwoodRiverBridge,33a5T'S, 115a42'E,70Oct.1983,5.D. Hopper3559 (PERTH 00271357);Jilakin Rock, 14 km W of Kulin,20 km SSEof Kondinin,32040'S, 118420'E, 7 Sep.1984, S.D.Hopper 41'16(CBG, PERTH 00279072);N side of BeermullahWest Rd, on a farm, 11.4km E of CowallisRd, c 24 km NW of Gingin,31q14'S,115442'E, 18 Sep.7987,5.D.Hopper 6079(CBG, PERTII Figuft subsp. 01190830);Yana Rd,5.6km N ofBrooktonHighway, c. 40 km E ofArmadale,32a12'5,11,6426'F,,23 Sep.1988, S.D. llopper 6758 (CBG, PERTH 01198823);Helena Valley, 7 Sep.1977,J. Seabrook203 calcig (PERTH 00278971);Hay River, c. 8 km SW of Mount Barker, 4 Oct. 1975,R. Tirelli s.r. (PERTH longif, 00874698). 'olouqw4lduot HJ] DlualntD) q'.-.7 DpDp2t dsqnsDpn'rBuol 7 pw tsuaunua dsqrs opnDr8uot )'.DuaBDp3 'dsqns -dsqns Ejz o nduq J )'. -zltultnu opn\nSuot )puer Dssorr dsqnsDpnDrlSuot J'.Dlorl^tt3 ' dsqns DpflD18ltol J . s\natoq .Jstlns opnDrBuol J - g'. -v olnplSt! dsqns opnntSuol J pu! v rro1r.4sr, dsqns -dsqlA opnortBuol )' . D aqD ds'lns DrytrlSuot J'. olhotiSuot opnor8uot 3-y sdeuruoqnqr.rlsrq 91 ern8rg HJ] JOE 'i1l( HJ] ue{ :(sc 98;

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Distribution and habilat Rangesdown the Swan CoastalPlain inland from Lancelin to the southern suburbs of Perth, and is common throughout the Jarah forest between Perth, Mount Barker and Nannup.Occurs on well-drained sandsin low woodlandsof Banksia and Jarrahon the Swan Coastal Plain. In the Jarrah forest Csladenia longicauda slbsp. longicautla favours well-drained gravelly is loams and sands.(Figure 18A) ln M Flowering period. Septemberto October.

Notes.Caladenielongicaudaslbsp.longicaada is distinguishedfrom othersubspeciesbyacombination of its relatively large flowers, and its long narrow labellum with long marginal calli. The basallamina Et of the lateral sepalsof subsp.longicauda is narrow comparedwith that of subsp.eminezs. Subsp. to longicauda is us]uallysolitary in habit, whereassubsp, ernizens often forms large clumps.These two subspeciesintergrade where Wandoo woodland abutsJarrah forest. lr'( dil Caladenia longicauda subsp.longicauda also appearsto intergradewith C. longicauda ssbsp. lor borealis near Cataby (e.g. S.D. Hopper 6004\, and with C. longicauda sttbsp. calcigena where the BassendeanDunes meet the Spearwood Dunes on the Swan Coastal Plain (e.g. at Joondalup). theselatter subspeciesin its larger labellum and C. longicauda sut>sp.longicauda differs from both lat longercolumn. for

Caladenia longicauda subsp.albella Hopper & A.P. Br., sabsp.zov. Ca

A subspeciebusaliis Caladenia longicauda Lindl. petalis angustispendulis et sepalislateralibus 5 11 cm longis et 3-5 mm latis, labello angusto12-15 mm longo et 6-8 mm lato fimbria marginali latr 4-6 mm longa, columna 12-15 mm alta, florum odoribus acris differt. dif

T1,pus;Beermullah West Rd, 5.3 km eastof CowallaRd, c. 30 km north-westof Gingin,31'Q14'S, Tvl (iolo; PERTH01751530; 115038'E',Western Australia, 18 September1987, S.D. Hopper 6073 19t jso:AD!, CBG!, K!, MEL!,NSW!, PERTH 01751549). Illu I/lzstratiozs. N. Hoffman & A. Brown, OrchidsofSouth-WestAustralia,2nd edn, p. 74 (1992\ andrev. lon, 2nd ednwith suppl.,p. 7a (1998). and

P/czt usually solitary, occasionallyin small ctumps.Zeal 3-11 mrn wide. Scape 25-45 cm tall. petals held basally,with a lax filamentousapex, linear- Flowers c. 5-\0 cm across.Sepals and stiffly Flo Lateral sepalsspreading basally, then lanceolatein basal 115-I14.Dorsal sepal 6-9 cm x 2-2.5 mm. lan< downcurved to vertically vertically hanging, 6-11 cm x 3-5 mm. Petals horizontal basally, then ven cordatein outline when flattened,12-15 x hanging4.5-8.5 cm x2_3 mm. Labellum lamina narrowly han ,t-6 tusuallyin 2-4 rows towards 6-8 mm; laterallobes with marginal calli to mm long. Z amina calli 18- x 4-6 mm. (Figure 19A-F) apex,mrely up to 8 rows, to c. 1.5 mm tall. Column 12-15 aPei

Selectedspecimens examined. WES'IERN AUSTRALIA: BoothendanaHill, c. 60 km NW of Moora, Sele 30416'5,115033'E, 1.0 $ep.1.987, S.D. Hopper 6018a(AD, CBG, PERTH01668595);9 km NW of Mt. Dobadeny Swamp; c. 35 km W of Beverley, 32"10'S, 116a31'E,11 Sep. 1987, S.D. Hopper 6027 Nati (PERTH 01676504);Beermullah West Rd, 5.3 km E of Cowallis Rd, c. 30 km NW of Gingin, 31014'S, Brer 11538'E, 18 Sep.1987,S.D. Hopper 6074 (PERTH 01711636);Gingin AccessRd, 0.2 km E across 1821 the railway line, at the foot of the scarp,c. 5 km S of Gingin, 31o23'S,115055'8, 20 Sep. 1988,S.D. Hopper 6725 (AD,MEL, PERTH 01667475);Yeal Swamp Rd, YanchepNational Park, 50 km N of Jol'a' .o'S '9L6I '3ny '(edroqrsue,,rua gg oddo11 67 1o g) e8pug re^ru plerJplo Jo lds UDI9I :(988828I 'g,tZ66I 'S,I SSO Hl-dF'd,)gLgL pddoH O S'06 IrO e I Idt€'uoIIBg lI i lso^AJoi&N rqg puuf,eg reue.rg 's, uD{ :(wAAZet g1ag4) nddo11 'OS'066I des Jo N €Z 2tr97 t'a.Sgo6tt'S,90.t€'Ued leuolleN LZ( :a,trg pp.re8zllg felsraureg :(ttOgtZOO ultdv g 'des 'ueueg lelu1 HJUAd) 09f€ H J'01.6I lI,{ Jo, elpprhl ol lelul Ja^rUplere8zlrg ruo:;1cel :yITVUJSnV NUAJSA1I ?a!?&r21?suaunads paqalag 'eJ(

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Aug. 90, S.D. Hopper 7820 (PERTH 1829750);Jurien Bay, 9 Aug. 1967, S.K /{alr s.n. (PERTH 0: 00912204). s.

Distribution and habilat Extendsfrom Catabynorth to Kalbarri National Park,often growing in clay ln loams abovecreek lines in Wandoo woodland or heath,but sometimesin sandysoils beneathsheoak low woodland. (Figure 18B) D S1 Flowering period. July to September. cc

Etymology. Named from the LatilJ'borealis (norlbern),alluding to the distribution of the subspecies. FI

Notes. A sporadically distributed subspeciesidentified by its short column, stiffly held tepal bases, EI small labellum with a relatively long fringe, and its calli in even rows towards the labellum apex. It pl is similar to C. longicauda suttsp.calcigena, whi.ch dtffers in its longer sepalsand petals,and its small apical calli tending to aggregatein an inegular agglomerationrather than terminating in neat rows, and its confinementto calcareoussands. co

Caladenia longicauda slbsp. borealis overlapsin distribution with subsp.a/bel1a. The latter has sn paler colouration, a smaller labellum with shorter marginal calli on the labellum, and grows in waterloggedwinter-wet soils in swamps,along creeklines and on lakemargins. ab

Caladenia longicauda subsp.calcigena Hopper & A.P. Br., subsp.nov.

A subspeciebusaliis Celadenia longicauda Lindl. floribus labello relative parvo angusto, tal segmentisfimbriae labelli gracilibus ad ,1-8mm longiset callisparvis ad 2 mm Iongisdiminuentibus lat et aggregatisin maculatiscoloribus parvissimisprope apicem labelli differt. sin to to Typus: Madora,9 km north of Mandurah towards Perth, Western Australia, 17 September1983, G.J. Keighery 6420 (ftolo; PERTH 00261815).

Illustrati.ons. D. Clyne, Australian Ground Orchids, pp. 38, 107, las Caladenia patersonii var. longicauda\(1970);N. Hoffman & A. Brown, Orchidsof South-WestAustmlia, 2ndedn,p.76 (1992) and rev. 2nd edn with suppl.,p. 76 (1998).

Plaz, usually solitary, occasionallyin small c\tmps. Leaf 8-12 mm wide. Scape 25-40 cm tall. Tvt 11: Flowers c.3-10 cm across.Sepals and petals stiffly held and horizontal to obliquely downcurved basally, then with a lax vertical filamentous apex, linearJanceolatein basal ll7-I15. Dorsal sepal 60 7-I2 cm x 2-3 mm. Lateral sepals spreading basally, then obliquely downcurved to vertically hanglng, 7-14 cm x 4-7 mm. Petals horizontal basally, then obliquely downcurved to vertically Illa hanging, 6.5-10.5 cm x 2-3.5 mrn. Labellum ktmina narrowly cordate in outline when flattened, 2nt 16-22 x 7-IO mm lateral lobes with marginal calli to 7 mm long. Lamina cclll usually inegularly aggregated,towards apex,to c. 1.5 mm tall. Columr 13-18 x 6-8 mm. (Figure 19G-L) Fla Selectedspecimew examined.WESTERN AUSTRALIA: Wanneroo,Sep. 1949,M.C. George s.n. bas (PERTH 00277614);300m E ofMandurah-Frernantleroad on PaganoniRd, 12 km NNE of Mandumh, 12l 32a26'5,1J5a4'7'E,12Sep.1984,5.D.Hopper 4135 (PERTH 00277525);Quinns Rd, W of Lancelin 9*1 Rd, c. 12 km NNW of Wanneroo, 31040'5, 115443'E, 13 Sep. 1987, S.D. Hopper 6031 (PERTH obl COII Lar' 'urru 'e 'xede 8-9 x LI-ZI uwryoJ II€l turu g I ol sp.rs,^Aolslror tr :o 7 ut ,{11ensnl oJ outaoT '3uo1 rurugot r11ecl€ur8reru qlr^\ saqol plelsl:uur0I-/ x gZ-gI'paue eu uoqn eulltnouI olepro, 'q6uel ol elepJoc f,llnoueu ou1wo1wnnaqlT uJurr-Z x uc 0I-9 eloqn ro3 pearncu,tropdlenbtlqo IIJ ro'Sur8uuq fllecrge,t o1pea:ncu,trop ,41enb11qo ueqt'dlpseq Ietuozroq qrtad tutu L-l x wr VI b UII '3ur8ueq '.{11usuq 'qr f,11ecrge,rot pa^rnJu^\op,{lenbrtqo ueqt ?ulpeasdsslodas lotatD'J rnw ,-t x w) Zl 'xede '{llBSEq 'u' -6\odas psto6'y1I-Z/I lesEqur eleloeJuel-Jueull snolueuellJ IE]IuaA xel e qll^\ ueql pe^rncu^\op i(lenbqqo o1 Isluozuoq pue pleq dgytts slotad puo slrdas ssorat wJ 1I-L J snttoll '[v1 'apru. 'sdwqc ',{]elllos ruc 09-!e adocg utut Tlj loaT lyerusur ,{lyeuorsecco ,(llensnlurld {lr 'kOOt) ' tt d 1ddnsqlrm upe pug 'r,otpue(7661) 'ErTurlsnv 'u,rorg 77 d'upe puz lseld-qlnos Jo splqf,io vTuetuJJoH N SuouDtlsnl ^tl t(tt 'i) 'icgJ 'i(tv '(LLzgLnz\HruEd'i1(sN'i.Iaht iosl lo( 'OS '186I 'erlertsnv 'g.tgdstt p0. iTIIIL}LO HIUgd :o/o{) yglg nddog raqruesdag9Z ulelsel1A 'g,99ogg',{erueg 'punorg 'III reeu crurrd .(oq{cElg s.I ITVJ Jo pue lsee ruo4 lsue-qlnosuI 00t jsrd,(J

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'u^\org oluapotD)'Z r{3o{oprqorou?rl€Usnv ruelsaiA dV t loddoH OS (Io Nu)rsia Vol. 14, No. 1/2 (2001) S.

(Figure 19M-S) a( Selectedspecimens examined. WESTERN AUSTRAIIA: on Cape NaturalisteRd, 2.8 km NW of atr Dunsborough,33o36'S,115404'E, 9 Sep.7985,S.D. Hopper 45164 (PERTH 01193465);on the South bi WesternHighway 400 mNof TalathaltaRd, c. 6.7kmNof Waroona,32a48'S,115a54'8,17Sep. 1985, br S.D. Hopper 4604 (PERTll 01 194623); E end of Bunkers Bay , 33033'S,115403'E, 22 Sep. 1986' c( ca S.D. Hopper 55L2 (PERTH 008?3659);400 m SE from E end of Blackboy Picnic Ground near the carpark at Departmentof Conservationand Land Management,Harvey, 33005'S,115054'E, 25 Sep. 1987, S.D. Hopper 6104 (PERTH 01198734); Meelup-Eagte Bay, W of Busselton, 7 Sep. 1971, S. Pcusr 130 (PERTH 00278068);below Lesmurdie Falls, 2l Aug. 1954' G M Srorr s.n. (PERTH Sr 0091.3324). s.l 0( 1l Distribution andhabital. Known on the Darling Scalpbetween North DandalupDam and Collie, with a southem outlier near Dunsborough. crows in moist Marri/Jarrah forest or adjacent to Bullich Y (Eucalyptusmegacarpa) woodland, often nearoutcropping granite. Especially abundant afterfire. The 1I population near Dunsboroughgrows on coastal granitic slopes in low heath of Hakeq trifurcata, 0( Daviesia horrida, Dodonaeaceratocarpa and Pimelea ferruginea. Soilsare acidic loams.(Figure 18B) D n€ Flowering period. Septemberto October. Et in Etymology.Namedfrom the Latin c/ivus (slopeof a hill) and the suffix -cola (dweller), alluding to the (F slopesof the DarlingScarp which the subspeciesoccupies.

Notes.A geographicallyrestricted subspecies (Priority One) confined to the southernDarling Scarp and the northem Leeuwin-NaturalisteRidge. Caladenialongicauda slbsp. clivicola is distinguished from other subspecies of C. longicaudaby its sho column, its relatively small narrow labellum with EI slendermarginal calli, and small lamina calli arrangedin rows towardsthe apex.It doesnot appearto ap grow in local sympatry with other subspecies.Scattered populations of subsp.erzinezs occur nearby on the Darling Scarp in Wandoo woodlands. The well-watered forest slopes favoured by subsp. clivicola are also occupied by C. uliginosa sttbsp.patulens, which differs in its shorter fringe and projecting labellum. co Pc Caladenia longicauda subsp.cLivicola is most similar to subsp.redactL, from which it differs in su its longer sepalsand petals,usually taller scapes,more solitary habit and more westerly distribution. It is also similar to srbsp. calcigena, but differs in its taller scapes(o 50 cm), its shorter labellum marginal calti, its lamina calli in uniform rows towardsthe labellum apex,and its occurrencein acidic its Ioamy soils near exposedgranite. Cfl ha Caladenia longicauda subsp.crassa Hopper & A.P.Fr., subsp.nov.

A Caladenia longicauda snbsp.eminenti (Domin) Hopper & A.P. Br. foliis crassioribusapicibus petalorum sepalorumquecrassis et fimbria labelli longiore differt. Ct

Typus: CapeArid National Park on road to Yokinup Bay, 100 metres south-eastof Merivale Rd, 33048'S,122058'E', WestemAustnlia, 10September 1991,S D. Hopper8768(holo:PERTH 01829076).

Illustrotions.N.Hoffman& A. Brown,Orchids of South-WestAustralia,2ndedn. p 83(1992)andrev 2nd ednwith suppl.,p. 83 (1998). Illl 'u€qroqtou otuapoloSse]'\tr e1e1d'rno1o3u1sprqsro e^rleN uerl€rlsnv g ? f,pe3 1 suot1tt4sry11

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ru.,'..org DluapDlDJ Z:,{Soloprq O rerlellsnv u.}sey'A dV T raddoH OS (r0 116 Nr)lJil? Vol. 14, No. 1/2 (2001) S.

Austlalia, inside front cover, -Catadeniip,atersoniivar.longicaudal(undated);patersoniil (1970); A.s. George& H.E. Foote, Orchids of westem [as D. Jones,Native OrchidsofAustratia, p' 618 (1988); rtr N. Hoffman & A. Brown, orchids of South-westAustralia,1stedn,p.62,lascal^deniapatersoniivat. longicaudaf (1984),2nd edn, p. 82 (1992) and rcv.znd edn with suppl , p 82 (1998)'

Planl in small to large clumps, or solitary.Leaf 5-16 mmwtde. scape 30-60 cm tall. Flowers c. rtr g-12 cm across. Sepalsand petals stiffly held, with an obliquely downcurved to vertically hanging aF g-ll filamentousapex, linearlanceolate in b asal1.16-1.14.Dorsal sepal cmx24 mm.Lateral sepals in spreadingbasally, then obliquely downcurved to verticatly hanging, 9-14 cm x 6-12 mm' Petals horizontal basally, then obliquely downcurved to ve ically hanging, 6-1'l cm x 3-6 mn Labellum lamina natowly cordateto cordatein outline when flattened, 18-24 x 10-15 mm; lateral lobes with marginal calli to 6 m mlong. Lamina cal,liusually in 2 or 4 rows towardsapex, to c.2mm Lall.Column t-)-ld x /-tz mm, AT Sekcted specimensexamined. WESTERN AUSTRALIA: Bobakine Hills, 15 km W of Northam, on 31"40's, i16"30'8, 30 Sep. 1986,.LJ. A fford 439 (PERTH 00791202);Gold Holes, 5 km N along UT ChesterPass Rd from S boundary of Stirling Range National Park, 75 km N of Albany, 34o26'5, thi 118005'E,20Sep. 1987,8. CockmanBC2S (PERTH 00875236); YoungRivercrossingon RavensthorPe-- TI Esperancemain road, 70 km W of Espemnce,8 Oct. 1968,MN. Donner 2920 (PERTH 00271845); br, Gordon River bridge, 3 Oct. 1985,R. Heberlefor R. Peakall O048(PERTH 00848840);23 km NNE lal of BoyupBrook, 23 km ENE of Wilga Siding,on MooreRogers Rd' 33438'S,116!29'E,6Oct 1983, to S.D.Hopper 3469(AD, CBG, K, PERTH 00272760); Albany Highway, 800 m S ofthe Woodanilling turnoff, i. 33.3 km N of Kojonup, 33432'5, 117009'E,20 Sep. 1985, S.D Hopper 4631 (PERTH 01717563);Tenterden Nature Reserve,34a22'5, 1'na33'E, 15 Oct. 1986, S D Hopper 5714 (AD' cBG, PERTH 01208853);West River, 1.4 km S of the N boundaryof FitzgeraldRiver National Park on Moir Rd,33048'5,119057'E,30Sep. 1987,SD Hopper6164 (PERTH 01191349); Puntapin Rock S.D.Hopper 8202 (PERTH 1829300);Bickley c. 5 km ESEof Wagin,33016'S, 117q25'E,14 Sep.91, dit Valley,Darling Scarp, 3105?'S, 116a04'E, 22 Sep.1987, K.F' Kenneallys.z. (PERTH 00849480); 11 km W of Manmanning, g Sep. 1972,8.&M. Szith s.z. (PERTH 002?8084)' Ty, 1,3 Distribution and habitat. cornmon and widespreadfrom Moora south down the Dalling scarp in wandoo woodlandsto Harvey, and further south and eastin wandoo country to Frankland.Extends IIh eastwardsto nearRavensthorpein SwampYate swampsand sheoak thickets. Preferred soils are usually 2n loamy, often mixed with clay in Wandoo country. (Figure 18C)

Flowering period. SePtemberto October. c. "This vel to full specific statuswith the comment that is the Not€s. Clements(1989) elevatedthis taxon 2- flowers, thatwas previously known asCalcde nia var, common large Caladeaic with white Patersonii 9.5 Hoffman & Brown (1984)and on page618 in Jones(1988)"' longicauda". . .."lllustrated on page62 of 9- (seenotes rnder C. longicauda subsp.longicauda). We considersubspecific status more appropriate lat( 1.5 Calsdeniq lc.tngicaudasubsp. eminensis the most widespreadof the subspecieswe recognise' where Wandoo woodland abuts Jarrah folest, subsp. While intergrading with subsp. longicauda Sel column,inusually forming largeclumps, in itsbroader eminensin |:ure populations diffen in its shorter Hit 2 or 4 lateral sepais,and its usually more cordatelabellum with the lamina calli towards the apex in oot rows. s., Rd Bri Nil 't96T 'pBor 'u's '7 ' 'dn1[y1 6y7 uouaSogril dnuueg-uogaqrue4:(StSSZZOO HJUAa) tunqtop p s '16 'g,II-SII 'S,gl.t€'pU :(988628111111E4) 6179 nddo11 OS tro gI uetClerueld uo a8prrg 'a,9069I 'S,S9o€t'pd uetCreureldJoSru11 g:G976LZ0OHI614) ygTy nddoll OS't86I rco 6 i eurSugpua pg yar51,OJouopJun['relrd lue8rrprq;o 161q ru19 :(99899200 HIUE 4.)trg7y oddo11'6 9 't86t 'g,II 'S,00 'aJJllcqrll,t tro 6 .9II dte JoAN ur{ 8're,rrglere?reyr11o gS u{ 6:(tICIl.Z66 'CgC) 'S,rgdeg'pU HIUEd 999Enddo11 OS'e86I TrO 0I'E,9y69II ue,troyquo fe,nrq?rg I 'dnuueg;o l assBAJold rrr{/ 0 1691quq Z :VITyUIS1V NUAIS11 paulaDxasuawtrads papaps

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'lou t {r dsqns tg 4y ry reddoll rrlluraru dsqnsepnerlSuol uluape;e3 '( H ;o ed{losruB rou sr ^rreorr t! pue 'otcopal 'dsqns opnou,uo:, ., ;i##;j""17fili':trio, s8uoyequeurceds srql',^ or,^Jno ul 3uo1uur tr o1111uo [email protected] sgr pue ep1,^a.urur g r,{1uo runJloqzl gl '3uo1 '8uo1 'patsr^alqqs aqt qt1.,',r ruu 9t lssel lu slBled ruru gg tsuelty ludoslBsrop eql pueJJo ue{oJq 'ruru 11eere sludas pue sle1eds11 11e1 uc 47 adecspere,rrog-e13u1s u 9 x ruc 8 JEele szq uerurcedseq1 'suaulaa !p,^Dpno 3ao1 3 srqse uoxul erxEseql eq ol ueturcedseql reprsuocgou prp unuo(I leql srql .S ',, ruor; ruelcsr 1y 1dure,'tg'gttuosn|odotuapoloC,,pelelolornpueq s,ururo6 ) uJlr^Buruuelep pal€pun ussBq'lruoueurcedsa13urseqlr.^nleeqsoql'ra^o^\oH,1J611sn8ny77pelupdrlslr,reururralepuuo'II qcns se ,,ed,{1osr,,srql pelelouueslueuel3 ed,{1o1oqeql se elep errreseql uo pup uorl€JolerrJes eql lE pelJelloJ suautwa dsqrs opnoct8uolDruapDlDj Jo lr\et 1eed,{1osr ue pa11c(y7 :6961) s1ueue13 ut) '(sanodsqns leql repun selou aes)azrs lerog rellurrrsslr ur Surre;;rp qll 'st/a r€ dsqnsol rrlnurs oslu sr rrtr"pa t'dsqns opnoct8uol J lrqr?qSururoJ-dunlc puslEtlqeq uI utl SIL 'sercedsqns o,rr1eseql ;o sepur8relur SlL aq ,{uruarueredsg;o lse,r lsuoceql Jeeuopnot8uol S ;o suoqulndo4 sledaspue slu1edaq1 o1 secrdu 3u snoluaurel13re3uo1 ,{lo^rlel?J slr puB'paue uU uaq.r unlleqel eleproco1 aleproc dl^\olreu rellsus slr '), 'urrlnloorouoqs slr ursrc1lp suautwa dsqns'rssrl, dsqnsI7pnnc8uol aruapolo3 ot JelrturselrqiN

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Distributictnandhabitcl,Known ftom a restdctedareabetween Margaret River, Karridale and Nannup, growing in Janah,Marri forest or low woodland with Persoonia longfolia, Peppermilt"Xylomelum occidentale,Xa thorrhoea preissii, Acacia myrtifolia, Adenanthos barbigerus,Agonis parviceps, Conostylislaxiflora andAnigozanthos flcvidus. Associatedorchids include Caladeniaferruginea, C. brownii, C. attingensand C. flava. (Figure 188)

Flowering period. Late Septemberto October.

Etymology. Named after Mr wayne Merritt (1947-), landscapesupplier, businessman,and keen memberof the Westem Australian Native Orchid Study and ConservationGroup, who has helpedus in finding many interestingorchid populations,ard first alertedus about the presenceof this large- flowered white spider orchid near the Blackwood River.

Notes. Caladenia longicauda stbsp. mefiittii is a distinctive subspecies,most similar to subsp. longicauda, but having exceptionally long and slendersepals, petals and labellum. Its long column is anotherfeature. It flowers best after fire, and is difficult to locate in unbumt vegetation.

A rare hybrid of Caladenia longicauda s\bsp. mer ttii and C. ferruginea has been collected (5.D. H opp er 822O,PERT H).

Caladenia longicauda subsp.redacta Hopper & A.P. Br., subsp.nov.

A subspeciebusaliis Caladenia longicauda Lindl. floribus parvis segmentisfimbriae labelli gracilibus brevis ad 2-4 mm longis differt.

Iypasr 13 km eastof Mount Barkeron BarrowRd, 34037'5, 117448'E, Western Australia, 7 October 1990,S.D. Hopper 1890 (holo: PERTH 02212579;iso: AD!, CBG!, MEL!).

Illustration. N. Hoffman & A. Brown, Orchidsof South-WestAustralia, rev. 2nd edn with suppl.,p. 78 (1998).

Plant solitary, or in small to large clumps.Leaf 8-72 mn wlde. Scape204O cm tall. Flowers c. 6-8 cm across.Sepals and petals stiffly held and horizontal to obliquely downcurvedbasally, then with a fax vertical filamentous apex, linear-lanceolatein basal ll5-114. Dorsal sepal 6-8 cm x 2.5- 4 mm. Lateral sepalsspreading basally, then obliquely downcurvedto vefically hanging, 6-9 cm x 4-8 mm. Petals horizontalbasally, then obliquely downcurvedto vertically hanging,5-8 cm x 2.5-4 mm.Labellum lomina narrowly cordateto cordatein outline when flattened,15-18 x 7-10 mm; lateral lobeswith marginal calli to 5 mm long.I amina calli us;uallyln 2 or 4 rows towardsapex, to c. 1 mm tall. Column 12-15 x 6-8 mm. (Figure 20)

Selectedspecimens exemined. WES'|ERN AUSTRAIIA: c. 10.5miles 117.7kml NE of Denmark,11 Oct. 1969,A.S.George 9698 (PERTH 00272272);20kmNW ofDarkin on the Quindanning-Darkan road, 33013'S,116034'E, 27 Attg.89, S.D. Hopper 7614 road and 1.4 km S of the Collie-Williams Figu (PERTH 1829823);9km SWof Darkin on GibbsRd,33432'S,Il6e39'E,27 Aug.89,S.D.Hopper7619 Iron (PERTH 1829866);c. 30 km NE of Boyup Brook on the Boyup Brook Rd, 12.3 km S of Cordering, sidej 33040'S, 116035'E,21 Aug.89, S.D. Hopper 7626 (PER'IH L829890);13 km E of Mount Barker on L_ 'nllsss^ J ^q u^\Ero s$llloo -.I u( :eplsurorJuurnloa-y:luo+tuo{u(unlot-[:!lFc-IlePrsurorJl[nlleqelpouoluos,{lFulpnllSuol-H:opls uro{unlleqrl-C:o^oqeurorJllrnllaqBl-Clsplodpuespdasuospu?13-g:luor]tuor}.Io^\oU-C:odetsroddnuolJ 6l $!pq - :odeJsro.{ol uro4 srreq- g :lu?ld - 'eels US,WCeql uorJ D12op2!dsq..s opnorSuol otuapqo) J V 0Z.rtl8ll nl UI II

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BarrowRd, 1km N of Porongorupsroad,3403?'S, 117a48'E,7 Oct.90,S.D. Hopper 7890 (PER'[I| 7 18288s1). 8

Distribution and habila/. Known from winter-wet Wandooflats andslopes over a 60 km rangebetween II Collie andDarkan, and further south-eastin a disjunctoccurrence near MountBarker in a SwampYate pi swamp and adjacentJanahMarri woodland. Soils are clay-loams.(Figure 18C) ST

Flowering period. Late Septemberto October. a( Etymology. Named from the Latin redactus(red\ced, diminished), alluding to the flower size of the la subspecieswhen comparedwith C. Longicaudasubsp. erninens. ol ?, & Notes. A subspecieswith geographicallydisjunct populations. Its occurence in country between aI Mount Barker and Darkan requires further exploration. Caladenia longicauda subsp. /edacla is characterizedby a short column, a small labellum with short marginal calli and relatively short petals and sepals.It is similar to C. longicauda subsp.clivicola, differing in its shortersepals and petals,its Se shorter stature, and its clump-forming habit. Calqdeniq longicauda svbsp. redacta also occupies 9 winter-wet Wandooflats, whereas subsp . clivicolafavoursmoist Jarrah/Marriforest orcoastal gmnitic M heath. br SI 00 In habitat and habit Caladenia longicauda s\bsp. redacta is more similar to subsp. eminens, 00 differing in its smaller floral size. These two subspeciesintergrade in the Cordering area Ju (e.g.S.D.Hopper1626) andnearMount Barker (A.P. Brown10"18; S-D- Hopper 1890).Although flower 00 size appearsto be the main consistentdifference between subsp.redacta and subsp.eminens, we 11 considerthis to be biologically important,because different-sized labella in other caladeniasattract 33 different pollinators (Stoutamire 19'74, 1983), and probably also do so in these subspeciesof Gr C, longicauda. Moreover, subsp. retlacta forms pure populations throughout its narrow range, of intergradingwith C, longicauda suljsp eminensonly near its margins.Hence, subspecificstatus for C, longicauclasubsp. redocta is advoc"led,rather than consideringit merely a small-floweredvariant of C, longicauda subsp.eminens. Di,

Ca Caladenia longicauda subsp.redacta hybridDes with C. harringtonice (photo in Hoffman & leh Brown 1992: 78) and possibly with membersof the C. huegelii complex. asi ser longicauda subsp.rigidula Hopper & A.P. Br., subsP.nov. Caladenia mt

insularis Hopper & A.P. Br. nom. inval. in Hoffman & Brown (1992), Calaclenialongicauda subsp. FIc Orchids of South-WestAustralia, 2nd edn, 73. Ety (1995), Caladenie christineaesubsp. insalru ris Hopper & A.P. Br. zorz. inval. in Hoffman & Brown smi Orchids of South-WestAustralia, revisedpaperback edn, 73.

Not insularisHopper & A.P. Br. nom.inval. inHoffman & Brown (1998),Orchids of South-West Caladenia peti Australia,rev.2nd ednwith suppl.,73. occ inS A subspeciebusaliis Caladcnia longicauda Lindl. scapisbrevibus et petalis sepalisquebrevibus to( rigide effusis horizontalitervel oblique differt. 'o1np131t'dsqns 'suorsueurp pJog lsoru ut roSrel t pae opnoctSuol 2 o1 snql 'le^e,,t\oH esolJpepJoJeJ ueoq 1ou seq sanedsqns sltll sl€Ule,t'-Jelul^d so sPu€lpoom:1e1 dulemg ut 'dsqts puesdrue,trs pelela8a,r dlesuep ur ussz.rl opnou?uol oluapop) seqeaJeeJue'tadsg aq1 srnlco 'spdes plre-tues pue fgelsee 'aloual eq1setdncco pue s1e1ed sarcedsoql qr1{1,rur slellqeq lsoru 11 lsed pelul^erqqeqlr,t, sJe,rog pleq-,{ggpslyurus sll pss uunloc uoqs sll ul e^llJulls!p satradsqns\7 salo,y

'sercedsqns eq1;o sra.uogpleq-i(gltts lptus .;;qs) \>or eq1o1 Surpnlp 'z1a-xgJns elrlnululp eqt pue (pr3r: sra&r urlB'I eql ruoq pe'uu11{3o1owt1g

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The geographicallyclosest member of the Caladenia longicaud.rcomplex to subsp.rigidula is C. cruscula,a diminttive very short-segmentedspider orchid confinedto seepsassociated with salt lakes. C. longicauda s\bsp. rigidula differs in its flowers usually larger with longer petalsand sepalsand a longerlabellum (rareuppermost flowers of multiflowered scapesolC. longicaudasubsp, rigidula rnay be smaller and overlap in dimensionswith thoseoi C. cruscula).

Previousfywe considereda disjunct insularpopulation ofCcladenia longicaudaeast ofEsperance to be distinct, andtentatively placed it first asa subspeciesof C. longicauda(Hoffm an & Brown 1992), then as a subspeciesof C. christineae (Hoffman & Brown 1995) and finally as a distinct species, C. insularisnom. invaL (Hoffman & Brown 1998).However, with fufiher researchand bettercollections available,it is now clearthat this populationfallswithin C. /ongicauda ssbsp. rigidala ascircumscribed above.

Caladenia longicfavata E. Coleman, Victorian NLturalist 46 1.96,f. (1930). Type: south-westof WesternAustralia, 7928-1929, s.coll. s.n. Iunlabelledpart of mixed collection as given for the type citationl(lecto: MEL 1002450p.p., fide George(1971: 173)). Western Australia, September-October 1928,1929, Corkcr, HilL Mitchell, E. Bryant ex herb,E. Colemans.n.

Illustrations.W.Nicholls, Orchids ofAustralia, plate 246 (1969); D. Jones,Native Orchids ofAustralia, p. 125,photo and line drawing (1988); N. Hoffman& A. Brown,Orchids of South-WestAustralia, 1st edn,p. 100(1984),2nd edn, p. 127(1992) and rev.2nd ednwith suppl.,p. 127 (1998).

Plant solitary or rarely in looseclumps. Leaf ercct,linear,9-18 cm x 7-20 mm, pale green,basal third usuallyirregularly blotched with red-purple. Scape 2O-35 cmtall. Flowers\ or 2, c. 4-5 cm across, predominantlypale yellow to yellow-greenwith variablesuffusions, Iines and spots of dull maroon; floral odour absent.Sepals ancl petals stiffly held, linear in basalhali then abruptly narrowing for 1- 5 mm before expandingto an osmophore;osmophore tumescent, 7-20 mm long on sepals,5-12 mm longon petals,light brownto yellow,consisting of minutedensely packed globular sessile glandular cells. Dorsal sepal erect and slightly incurved, 2.5-4.5 cm x 2-3.5 mm. Lateral sepals straight, spreadingobliquely downwards, 2.5-4.5 cm x 5-8 mffi. Petdls spreadingobliquely outwards and downwards, 2-3.5 cm x 2-3 mm. Labellum obscurely 3lobed, prominently 2-coloured,yellowish- greenwith palepinktopale redradiating stripes, terminating in a uniformly dark maroonrecurvedapex, stiffly articulateon a claw c. 2.5 mm wide; laminacordate with an acuteapex in outline when flattened, '13-18 x 7-14 mm, basalthird curving from erectto oblique, middle third curving to horizontal,apical third sharply recurved,margins at widest point scarcclyto moderatelycurved upwards and terminated by obliquely ascendingmargins and calli; laterallobes erectto obliquely ascendingwith entire marginsnear the claw, becoming fimbriate with slenderto broadsimple linear yellow-green marginal calli to 3 mm long which are slightly decrescentnear midlobe; midlobe margins with short broad slightly forward-facing obtuse sometimeshooked dark maroon calli decrescenttowards the apex. Lamina calli in 4 denserows (lacking clear gapsbetween them) extendingat least 3/4 the length of the labellurn, dark maroon, golf stick-shaped,the longestc. 2 mm tall, decrescenttowards apex and becoming sessile.Column 72 1.5x 7-10 rnm, broadly winged, dull yellow-green to maroon.Atrlxer c. 2.5 x2.5 mm, yellow. Pollfu i(. c. 2 mm long, yellow. Stlgza c. 3 mm wide, dull yellow maroon. Capsule not seen.(Figure 21A D)

Selectedspecimens examined. WESTERN AUSTRALIA: Walpole, 10 Nov. 1980, A. Brown s.n. Figur (PERTH00275166); Clackline Nature Resewe (18 km WSW of Northam),8Sep.1985,J. Brown& frontl front; J.J. Alfurd 3 (PER'IH 00578401);Mundaring, 30 Aug. 1944,CA. GQrdners.n. (PERTH 00333689); s.r. s.D., front; lrrlted IS ,{q u,relc ?rul od - U uro{ uurnlor- O:rtFc . d:aprs ruo{ ulunlor pup unlloqel - O:tuog uro{ r.^rou - N:]rueld-]^ Sggt raddoH 'eoie dr€urtpl oql urolJstrar , U-hl o8uuj urn eqsl -1luorJ uorJ.re^,\og-) lu?ld - I66Ztraddoq 'eeje .I-I :(6 re^ru loI3Br€IAIaqt wor! oro^ol.lu3ou J tuorJ ruor] uunloc - I :IIso - H :e8uuJ unlloq?l - D '.rrueld rrog rr^rog - C - g us arclg d'y',{ltnC IIoqseFJcoC\toq o ol ) t{ l pc - d:o8uuJ unlloq?l -C 6'1 'er'nrse\ 'U'l urog ra^{olJ - g :lu?ld - V 9ZI u,\o.tg d V oinleN oulpJt€lJ woq oto^op8uq DfuapopC e-v IZ

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Etymology. Named from the Latln loratus (strap-shaped),alluding to the very long parallel-sided glandular osmophoreson the sepalsand petals. s Not€s. An uncommon speciessporadically distributed in woodlandsin the northernsandplains, with 1 a southemoutlier near Capel Caladenia loreqbas the dark maroon labellurn apex of the C- huegelii 3 complex, but differs from all other speciesexcept C. heberlecza in its long filiform sepalsand petals which are only slightly swollen into apicalosmophores. In this respect,C. /orea forms a link between R the C. huegelii cornplexand membersof the C, longicauda complex such as C. elcelsa, which also c. hasa dark maroon labellum apex,but differs in its taller scapes,much larger flowers, and preference 1i for well drained soils. C. lorea closely resemblesnatural hybrids between C. longicauda and s. C. arenicola or C.paludosa,brtforms puremorphologically uniform populations.C. /orea itselfnow c, hybridizes with C. longicauda when sympatric with it, and may atso hybridize with C. arenicola in the southempart of its range. D nl The nearestrelative of Caladenia lorea appeanto be C. heberleana,frorn which C. lorea differc in its lessswollen scarcelytumescent osmophores, the basallabellum lamina pinkish-whiteratherthan F whitc, with more prominent radiating stripes,and its northerly distribution in or on the margins of winter-wet depressionsand drainagelines. a' Cafadenia magniclavata Nicholls, Victorian Naturalist 64:135, f. (1947).- Caladenia longiclavata th var. magniclavato (Nicholls) A.S. George,Nuytsia 1: 173 (1971). Type: l*smurdie in the Darling JC Range,Westem Australia, 14 September1946, Mr and Mrs W.H. Nicholls s.n. (holo: MEL!). L

Illustrations.W.Nicholls,VictorianNaturalist64:135,f.(1947).W. Nicholls,OrchidsofAustralia,plate 248 (1969);D. Jones,Native Orchids ofAustralia, p. 127,top right line drawing(1988); N. Hoffman & A. Brown, Orchidsof South-WestAustralia, 2nd edn,p. 128(1992) and rev. 2nd ednwith suppl., P( p. 128 (1998). hi Plant solitaryor rarely in looseclumps. Leaf erect,linear,l0*30 cm x c. 15 mm, pale green,basal m third usually irregularly blotchedwith red-purple.Scape 30-60 cm tall. Flowers 1 or 2(3), c. 4-5 cm OI across,predominantly pale yellow to yellow-green with variable suffusions,lines and spotsof dull maroon;floral odour absent.Sepals andpelals stiffly held,linearin basalthird, thenabruptly narrowing for 1-5 mm before expandingto an osmophore;osmophore tumescent, 15-25 mm long on sepals, cc 6-12 mm tong, Iight brown to yellow, consistingof minute denselypacked globular sessileglandular SO cells.Dorsal sepal erectand slightly incurved,3.5-4.5cmx 2-3 mm. Lateral sepalsstraight, spreading NJ obliquely downwards, 3-4.5 cm x 4 { mm. Petals spreadingobliquely outwards and downwards, an 2.5-3.5 cmx21mm. Labellum obscrrely3-lobed, prominently 2-coloured, yellowish-green with pale fawn radiating stripes,terminating in a uniformly dark maroon recurvedapex, stiffly afiiculate on a Cr claw c. 2 mm wide; lamina cordatewith an acuteapex in outline when flattened,12-14 x 1F12 mm, basal third cuwing from erect to oblique, middle third curving to hodzontal, apical third sharply recurved,margins at widest point modemtelycurved upwards and terminatedby obliquely ascending atl calli; laterallobes erect to obliquely ascendingwith entire marginsnear the claw, becomingfimbriate atr with slender to broad simple linear yellow-green marginal calli to 4 mm long which are slightly decrescentnear midlobe; midlobe marginswith shortbroad slightly forward-facingobtuse sometimes hookeddark marooncalli decrescenttow ardstheapex. Lamina calli in 4 denserows (lacking cleargaps Ty betweenthem) extendingat least 3/4 the length of the labellum, dark maroon, golf stick-shaped,th€ c. longest c. 1 mm tall, decrescenttowards apex and becoming sessile. Column 12-14 x 46 6-8 mrn, broadly winged, dull yellow-green to maroon. Anther c. 2 x 2 mn, yellow. Pollinia Illl zn '(eOOt)gO d'1ddnsqlpr upepu7 ',rer pue(7661) 96 d'upepuz'€rlellsnv lsold-qlnosJo splqcro'u^\oJg'v T, uErulJoH'N'suorl'4sn I D1 '(iX 'iCgJ 'iCV :oti :emlotl0 HJUAd :qoL!)999V '6'9'9961 'elletsnv '4,000911'5,7gogg 'dn8urllul eq nddog tequreldos,Z urolseid Joquou uq 6 , '{red '4red sd leuol}uNelsllernlsN-ullmea-I ul rer lcog;eope8n5;o qlnoslsnf 11our1 ,(4cor uq :szd,{; SE ft 'IeJJrp slbuol ulru g pE IUn.IopllEAtuluouruolJetuol? 'eeuluou8luoJlE ruruolueurSeselrqurrg'u1eue1du-rot euollJes uI osoulsJ opt8tr o11eqe1la 'qqcleg ouapoloS snqIutJJEstlle snq:trads y rlleqel ocrde srprqls snquog C H na7anq d1 'u 'rtou'ds'' "tg tg' 4'y teddoHsllE^lu sluepEluJ er el ',,lseroJ qeltf aqt Jo qrucs ,,(,teeqlsSuotuu 'sl 'dtlunoc auolsuorr,{y1e,ryr8 u1 sraqurnu pelluq ur,,orprntusrl lu e?uug 3u1Feqeql uI 9t6I uI s[oqtlN sII4l pue rhl dq pe1ce11ocsu,tr ad,{1o1oq eq; ulsn8ny pue ,{ueq1yuae,trteq slseroJ qsuul tleqlnos ]B pue rust ur dluleru sJrc)o oto^optu?pu , IruJlslp ue sercedsesaql leql slloqclN qlt,tr Jncuot '.IaIi{ '3 puE p olotrolct?uol pue o|orto1c1ugowoluapop) lo seddloloqaql peultuexee^Bq old llt '(tsarol Y:e1aq1;o tu '3 epuqsdaop aql uror; oloaolcr?uol ? Jo uuoJ e s? ol peue;er re11u1aq1) zJcatto pue o\onolctuSow I3 'X 'olottolct7uol '9;o sueurcedsqser; pelurlsnlyr(977-9tr7 se1e1d'6961) slloqcrp ueq,,a.palqftlqEtq eroasralJaJ€qccrlsou?e1p eseql luluozIJoq ^\oleq spJB^'qnoSulpeoJds ,iUJIls s? u,trerp s1e1ed eql qltr'r 'qtBuolrleqlgpq,(11ny uoUo'eJoqdorusolueurruotd aroru u q1r,trsluledpuz sledes eqt'runlleqBl el?ulltod "l ,(pueuluord arourrellBtuslJqEq lsnqoJ erowslr-olorrolct?uol'SolpercdwocolotolcruSowouapolo3 ut 'wSi 're^e,{\oH Jo senlBal crlsou8elp eql paqycsep ,{lelernccupue peleilsnlll (AgOt slloqtlN

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Plazl solitary or in small clumps.Iealerect, linear, 10-18 cm x zl-15 mm, pale green,basal third usually inegularly blotchedwith red-purple.Scape 12-20 cmtall. Flowers L1(3), c. 5-8 cm across, predominantlywhite, rarely pale pink, with occasionaldeeper pink suffusions,the osmophoresdark fawn and the labellum apexrich rosepink to red; floral odour unknown.Sepals a nd petals stiffly held, linear-lanceolatein basal quarter, then abruptly narrowing to a long-acuminateapex; osmophore tumescent,!2-25 mm long on sepals,absent from petals, dark fawn, consisting of minute densely packed globular sessileglandular cells. Dorsal sepal erect and slightly incurved, 3.5-5.5 cm x ( H mrrl. Laterql sepals spreadingand slightly downcurved, 3.5-5.5 cm x 5-7 mm. Pela/s sughtly ascendingto somewhatdowncuwed,3-5 cm x 4-5 mm. Labellum obscurely3lobed, prominently 2-coloured, white to pale pink, occasionally with deeper pink radiating stdpes, terminating in a T. uniformly rich rosepink to red recurvedapex, stiffly articulateon a claw c. 2 mm wide; lamina linear- 2. cordatein outline when flattened, 18-25 x 10-12 mm, with a prominently elongatedrnidlobe, basal third curving frorn erectto oblique, middle third curving to horizontal, apical third sharply recurved, II margins at widest point scarcelycurved upwards and terminatedby slightly ascendingmargins and p' calli; lateral lobes erect with entire margins near the claw, becoming fimbriate with thickened (r acuminatelineardark rosepink to redcalli to 2.5 mm longwhich aregradually decrescent near midlobe; midlobe marginswith short broad slightly forward-facingobtuse hooked calli decrescenttowards the apex.Lamina calli in 4 rows extendingat least9/10 the length of the labellum, dark rosepink to red, sometimeswhite at base,golf stick-shaped,the longestc. 1.5 mm tall, decrescenttowards apex and UI becomingsessile. C olumn 14-1.6x 5-1.0mm, broadly winged, creamyyellow with red-pink blotches. pl Antherc.!4x34 mm, darkmaroon to yellow.Pollinia c. 2 mrnlong, yellow. Stigma c.4 mm wide, o( dark yellow-green. Capsule not.seen. (Figure 21M-R) ni at Selectedspecimenseran lzed WESTERNAUSTRALIA: 250m NWofgravel pit, Nof SugarloafRock, ct 33033'S,115401'E, 23 Sep.1986, S.D. Hopper 5527(PERTll 00874116);N end of SmithsBeach, d( Yallingup,W ofparkingbay,33q39'S, 115001'8,24 Sep. 1986,5.D. Hopper 5542(PERTH 00874132); ot 2 km SofCanal Rocks,33041'S,114459'E,25 Sep. 1986,S.D. Hopper 5547 (PERTTI00874159);Moses te Rock,Cape Ireuwin-Naturaliste NationalPark,21Sep. 1988, G. J. Keighery70478 (PERTH 01123351); la SugarloafRock l-ookout, CapeNatumliste, 26 Aug. 7985, G.J. Keighery 8370 (PERTH 007S2691). to m Distribution and habitat. Occurs from Cape Naturaliste south to Moses Rock on the lreuwin- ef (s, NaturalisteRidge, a rangeof25 km. It is alwayswithin a few kilometresofthe coast,growing on gnnite m outcrops in low coastalheath or rarely Peppermintlow woodland. (Figure 22D) th SO Flowering period. Septemberto October. be At Etymolog. Named from the Latin nivclls (snowy), alluding to the purewhite colourationofthe upper da basallamina of the petals and sepalsin most individuals. Se Nores.A locally common coastalspecieswith a very restrictedhabitat and narrow geographicalrange. w Caladenianivalis ls distinct in its striking white andred colouration,its stiffly splayedpetals and sepals kn with a downcurved apex, and its flattened labellum with a white basal lamina. It has the shortest 19 labellum marginal calli ofany WestemAustralian mernberoftheC. huegelii complex,a featureshared H. with allied eastemAustralian taxa such as C. reticulqtaFitz., C. calcicolaG.N.Can andC.fitzgeradii tur Rupp. Thus, C nivalis rnay be arclictual speciesthat has divergedlittle from the ancestralstock that Bc rangedacrossAustralia before the eastwas isolatedfrom the south-west.This could be testedby DNA (Pr gene sequencingand the developmentof a molecular phylogeny for the C. huegelii complex. 77

Csbdenia nivalis is not known to hybridize with ary other co-occurring species,including 3u

'1cA '.{e11e1 'q'g '186I 'tco 91 :a.rtU euolaHro,rot :(OgggOZtOHtUqa) ggTg nddop gZ'g,tZ69II 'S,ttdg€ 'uollessng 'pU 'a^rosau Jo gS ru){0I 1red uorlrv Jo g u.r00t pd qslC :(Z99IIrI0 HJUSd) 'des 'a,gS"Stt '9,91o19'ur8urg;o vt 6gtrgoddog Os'986I lf IINN urt ZI I'1ear3 Suuuuuuoog ler e8pe :(Z;Z'LZOo 'DAJ) nddo11 g g 'e86I 'A,IOd9II 'S,Ii6te lo HIUAd LnnE rro S JJournl !lp dnpu,{169o5 ru4 g 1'pg sa,ru3uo dn8unl?IJo idSS ur{ t:(60821.200 HJUgd) gTgyq ztowaq p pe '6t6I 'esrnoc;1o3 'eleplseroC 'u's 'q'gg6y ItO 8I pue looqrs uee^\leq :(60gErZ00HL6E4) ndoo2 'pO 'S,Ot-tg 'prEog 'uotlessngJo ls€ 6'A,6I69II relB^dpurqoq enuo^V ql?qBzrTA ueanoJo eprs A A\SuDl SF 'u's 'V'S86I 'A,6C69II '9,17079'a8ueg 9 Z :(It6S0600 HIUg.d) ut',1otg rro tI egrX ,{rnqung;o,16 ,^e '.&nqunggogg ur4l r'peor ssed-f,q,{-rnqung:VI'IVUJS1VNt1'g1,s1q\'pauluoxa suawnadspalcalag

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Figure 25. A-D. Caladenia paludosa from the Gingin arca, S,D, Hopper 5489. A - plant; B - flower ftom front; C - labellum and column from side; D - calli. E_l, C, pectinato ftom the Kojonup $ea, A.P. Brown 258. E - plant; F-flowerfromfroDt;G-labellumandcolllmnfromftont;H-labellumfringe;I-columnfromfront;J-pollinia. K4. C. pholcoaea sftq. pholcoidea from the Augusta arc , S,D. Hopper 4141. K - plznt; L - flower from front; M - lab€llum and column from side; N - calli; O - column from ftont. P-U. c' rhomboidifomis ftom the Witchcliffe arca,S.D.Hopper3438.P-plant;Q-flowerfromfronl;R-labellumfringe;S-calli;T-columnfromfront; U - Dollinia.Dmwn bv S.J.Patrick. g rBauIT :eqolpnu JEeutuoJsarcap fyldruqe ere qcrq,t ?uo1urru o1tlec aolef ueplo8 ol uooJulrrUep lu ',,t\e[t alnJeJepuels rllr,^d eleuqrug Sunuoceq eqt J?eusuISJEIrr eJllue qu,t]\ lceJe seqol l€Jelel:llPc pue EJJ sur8reruSurpuecse ,(lecrgea f,q peluurtu.Ialpue sprearrdnperunc ,{lalerepour1u1od lsepr,t 1esur8ruru lu, 'pe^rnJeJ 'leluozuoq 'enbllqo 'elt .{l&eqs pJlql Iecrde o1Sur,rrnc p:rql elppltu ol tJere uror;8uta:nc prtql 'ruu 'peueu€U :lul Ies€q gl-ZI x gZ-8I ueq,^^eulllno q elepJoool eluproc,{1,troueu euIuEI :epl\\ turuZ t :lu, 'soduls ,trup e uo a1e1nc1pe,{g;qs'xede pa,uncar uooreruryup dluuoyunllnpu ut Suqeuruuel 8ut1u1pei peJ ol uoorpru ylnp q1r,t,to1ed qsrlurd eled 'petnoloc-Z dpueuluord 'paqo1-gAprosqo wnpaqoT 'urru 'SurpueJse 'pe^lntu,top t-t x urc g t-g g .{1enb11qosJzlaa' rulll 6-9 x tuJ /-t pue ?urpeerds 'ww 'pe,r-rncur 's11ac qodas ptaqo7 S-a x w) L-l dpq8tls pue parc pdas psto6' :e1npue13eltssos 'u,rorq 's1u1ed 'spdes re1nqo13pelced ,{lesuepelnurur;o Suqslsuoc {Iup ot tq311 eq1uroq luasqe eql uo Suol uur gglg lueJsetunl dllueuruord eroqdoursolxade eleullunce-3uo1uol Sutator'Ieud11dn:qe 'plaq ua\t'f.lL-Afi psBq uI elBlooJuel-Ieeull f,gl1tsslotad puo s1zda5 luesqe rnopo prog llutd o1 'suorsnJJns uooruu 11np1oslods pue seul[ alqeue,rq1r,ra. alo11e,{ (qsrueer8 flerur) qslpper,(puequoperd 'ssorre rur Lj'?'e-L snnol1'lle! rur 09-9€ ador5 a1fund-pe.rqll^\ peqclolq ,{peln8ar:t ,(11ensn 'ueeJ8 'urur 'reeuly'pere pJrqlIuseq elud 97 c x ruc gg-91 /zaT sdunlc asool ut ro frelqos Juz14'

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'u.{ora Dluapop) z :ISotoprq'lo uerlersnv uetse/A d y p r:ddog q g (ro lr'ryrsia Vol. 14, No. 1/2 (2001) midlobe marginswith short broad slightly forward-facingobtuse sometimes hooked calli decrescent towards the apex.Lamina calli in 4 rows extendingat least 213-314the length of the labellum, dark m maroon,sometimes white at base,golf stick-shaped,the longestc. 2 mm tall, decrescenttowards apex in and becoming sessile.Column 17-22 x &-70 mm, broadly winged, creamy yellow with red-pink d€ blotches.Anther c.4 x 4 mm, yellow with maroon markings.Pollinia c. 4 mm long, yellow. Sagza c. 4 mm wide, dark yellow-green.Ccp.rrle not seen.(Figure 25E-J) SI' ill Selectedspecimens examined. WESTERN AUSTRAIIA: Towerlup Rd between Frankland and by Kojonup, c. 48 km S of Kojonup, c. 48 km S of Kojonup, 26.9 km S of Jingalup,34412'5, 116459'E, to 77 Oct.7985,A. Browz 258 (PERTH 00906492);Stirling RangeNational Park,300m NE of Moingup Spring,Chestor Pass Rd, 75 km N of Albany,34025'S, 118006'8,20 Sep. 1987, B. CockmanBC47 (PERTI-I00875198); 31 km N of Franklandon Kojonup Rd, 34a11'S,116059'E, 3 Oct. 1978, A.S. George15248(AD, CBG, K, MEL, PERTH 00238392);4.3kmS ofold OngerupRd on Hamersley Hr Drive,26 km ESEofFitzgerald,33045'S,119045'E,4 Oct. 1984,5.D.Hopper 4187(PERTH 00302147); 200 m W of Bremer Bay CaravanPark, 34e25'5,11,9e23'E,6Oct. 1984,S.D. Hopper 4229 (PERTH (1, 00238376); 11.3 km S of Mettlers Rd on CapeRiche Rd, 8 km W of Cape Riche, 34437'S,l18a42'8, 6Oct.1984,5.D. Hopper 4243(AD, CBG, PERTH 00238333);Sside ofBeermullah West Rd,0.2 km pastNine Mile SwampRd tumoff, c. 16 km NNW of Gingin,31414'5, 115447'8, 18 Sep.1987, S.D.Hopper 6083(PERTH 01190849);FranklandRiver-Muirs Highway Bridge,Nof Muirs Highway (o, c. 300 m and W of river, 20 Oct. 1990,W.JacksonN 180 (PERTH 01699970);Mt Manypeaks,40 km sh, E of Albany,25 Aug.1986,G.J. Keighery 8657(PERTH 00873063);LakeWilliam, West CapeHowe, de 30 km W ofAlbany,30 Sep.1986, G.J. Keighery 9831. (PERTH 00873071); Maylands, Sep. 1912, th( M.E. Wood 82318 (PERTH 00232564). thr ar( Distribution and habilat Found betweenthe Fitzgemld River National Park and Rocky Gully, with he rare scatteredpopulations w€st to Boyup Brook and north to Cataby on the Swan Coastal Plain. Br Preferedhabitat issandy-clayloams in winter-wetflats andmoist run-offareasaround granite outcrops. abr Flowering is more prolific following summerfires. (Figure 24C)

Flowering period. Late Septemberto October. anr Not€s.The correctidentity ofthis specieshas been confused from its original description(Rogers 1920) sm right up to the most recent relevantpublications (Clements 1989). Dr Rogersincluded at least three speciesamong the synlypesof Caladeniapecti ata. The lectotypeftom l-ower King River is labelled Ca "type" in Rogers' hand, and matchesthe protologuein almost all respects.Sargent's collection from York andMrs Tapp's collectionfrom Cork SwampnearPerth match the lectotype and we considerthem to be typical C. pectinata. Howeye\ Ihe other excludedsyntypes, collected by Mrs Cookefrom Swan lab View, are a mixture of C. huegelii and C. arenicola.

lyl The inclusionofCcladenia huegeliispecimensprobably accounts for Rogers'erroneous description "often 74 of the labellum frin ge of C. pectinata as having segmentswhich are forked or dentateat their free extremities". Typrcal C. pectinata always has entire fringe segments,whereas C. huegelii often hasone or two short bifurcations.The selectionby George(1971) ofthe Rogersspecimen as lectotype gre is alsosupported by otherparts ofthe protologuewhich providesmany other charactersthat fall outside "lateral c.5 the range of typical C. huegelii (e.g."flowers ...yellowish", sepals...total length about 5 cm, flor dilatedpart (i.e. clubs) about2 cm, greatestbreadth about 5 mm", and "petals...about3.5 crn long and lint about 4 mm in the widest Dart"). fila 'e1u?uo1e pdas 1,ostoq'pc1tpu11f,c srreqrulnpuel? leroqdoursoluecserunl e ?ur1ce1xede snoluerueg eleurunce-3uo1:e1npue13 ,{lasuap r o1Sul,torreu ,tndnlqe uaql'0I/[-gll lesuq ur elBloecuEl-]eeull 'x?du 'pleq 'petrs'dlurp+ pr snolnpuedxEI ol peunru,li.op E qt1,n' fgyqs sJzod puo slodag JnopoIUJoU 'u 'suorsnJJns 'ssorce iuoorrru 1np;o slodspuB seull luruJluuorsucoo q1r,r,r rueerc og ,tolyed epd ruc 9r-9 a '@)g-1snao1g el ye1uc gg-ag adoc5 elfund-parqlr^\ peqcloyqdguynSe.ur ,{11unsn plql lvsuq'uear3 'ruru 'J€eull 'fteylos eyed 61j x ruJ 0Z {I lceJe/za7 seruoloce8rel ur sdrunlcesool ur to 1uo14 Jlr '(igNVC'iCV '4 .os?:S869 0/10 HJUAd i oloq) ggl u,t,otg y't86I reqrueceqtI u( 'erler1snv 'g.4969II 'S,l,Zotg 'pd ',{e,t'q8rg urelseld suosdruoql;o lse^\ tu{ 9 I r srrn1,1. snd(";

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ru.,.1org'dy otuaprt1) Z:,{3olop[tJro uEllqsnv ul!]saA\ ? reddoH CS (r0 138 Nrlrsia Vol. 14, No. 1/2 (2001) basallyerect, then curving forward anddownwards,5-14 cm x25l mm.Lateral sepalsspreading and downcurvedto vertical, 4.5-15 cm x 4-5 mm. Petals horizontalbasally, then downcurvedto vertical, 3.5-10.5 cm x 3-4 mrn.Labellum obsctsrely3Jobed, uniformly creamexcept for dull maroonradiating stripesnear basal marginal calli, stiffly articulateon a claw c. 1.5 mm wide; lamina narrowly cordate Cr in outline when flattened,15-20 x 8-10 mm, basalthird curving ftom erectto horizontal,middle third point curved upwards nearly horizontal, apical third sharptyrecurved, margins at widest moderately Ilh entiremargins within and terminatedby vertically ascendingmargins and calli; laterallobes erectwith sp. 2mm oftheclaw, becomingfimbriate with slenderacuminateto slightly obtusenarrowlyfusiforrn dull maroonwhite-tipped calli to 6 mm longwhich areabruptly decrescentnear midlobe;midlobe margins with short narrow forward-facing obtusecalli decrescenttowards the apex.Lamina calli in 4 rcws extendingat least3/4 the length ofthe labellum,pink, with a white baseand tip, golf stick-shaped'the 5.5 longestc. 1 mm tall, decrescenttowards apex and becoming sessile. Column LVI4 x 5-7 mrn,winged, crearnyyellow with dull maroon blotches.Antherc.2.5x23 nm, pale greenishyellow Pollinia c.2 mm long, yellow. Stigmq c. 2.5 mm wide, yellow-grcen Capsule aot seen. Ser Rd ofl Distribution and habilat Rangesfrom Augustato Gleenbushesand Manypeaks, adjacent to seasonally S,N wet sitessuch as riverbanks, swampy flats, andgranite outcrops, or in winter-wet swampyflats. Grcws 33! in forestofJanah, Marri, paperbarks(Me laleuca spp.\ andbanksi as, but flowerswell only afterthedense Na underctoreyhas been burnt. Soils are usually sandy loams.The Manypeakspopulation is a disjunct CE outlier at the foot of a large granite outcrop. 11: Ri\ Flowering period. October to January. 01" (PI E tymology. Named after the cosmopol itan Daddy L.ongLegs splder, Pholcus phalangeroides, all:uding with the smalllabellum to the elongatesepals and petals contrasting Dit sea Notes.Caladenia pholcoidea is an uncommon speciesthat is widely but sporadically distributed Ma through the high rainfall south-westemforests. Several specimens ofthis specieswere sentby vadous bee collectorsto R.S. Rogersin Adelaide earlier this century,but Dr Rogersdid not formally namethem ofi as a new taxon. C. p holcoidea is similar to C. longicauda stbsp. albella,blut differs in its pale yellow flowers with relatively longer sepals,its shorterlabellum fringe, and its much later flowering season. It also resemblesC. christineae,with which it sometimesgrows, but differs again in its pale yellow colouration,much longer sepalsand petals,and later flowering season.The only other memberof the C. longicauda complex that flowers as late as C. pholcoidea is C. serctina, which has shorter more abr robust and colourful petals and sepals,and a larger labellurn than C' pholcoidea. These two species anc occasionallyhybridize nearAugusta.

The short labellum fringe of Calad.eniapholcoidea is possibly a primitive feature,found in other WesternAustralian speciessuch as C. ttliginosaandC christineae,and alsocommon in eastemStates membersof the C. patersonii complex-

Near Augusta, Caladenia pholcoidea shows morphologicalvariation associatedwith distinctive habitats.We recognisetwo subspecieswhich are distinguishedin the following key: Tvt 009

K€y to subspeciesof Calatknia pholcoidea Illu 1. Flowers pale yellow with a cream labellum. Lateralsepals 8 15 cm. Flowering period late November to January subsp.Pholcoidea 'Gaa:Dwv d 'yddns 'Aer'prlBrlsnv 'u^\otg qlr,trupe puz lseld-qlnosJo sprqcjo V T uEurJJoHN:suottousn l

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'u^\org oluapolDJ Z :,{Soloprrlr.rou€ll?Isnv ule}se/A d V ?9 raddoH O S NuytsiaVd. 14, No. 1/2 (2001) outline when flattened, 15-20 x 10-14 mm, basal third cuwing from erect to oblique, middle third curving to horizontal,apical third sharplyrecurved, margins at widest point scarcelycurved upwards and terminatedby slightly ascendingmargins and calli; lateral lobes slightly ascendingwith entire margins near the claw, becoming fimbriate halfway to midlobe with slenderto broad simple linear yellow-greenmarginal calli to 2 mm long which are gradually decrescenttowards midlobe; midlobe margins with short broad slightly forward-facing obtuse sometimes hooked dark maroon calli decrescenttowards the apex.Lamina calli denselyaggregated, rarely in 4 discerniblerows (lacking clear gapsbetween them) extending at least 4/5 the length of the labellum, dark maroon, golf stick- shaped,the longestc. 2 mm tall, decrescenttowards apex and becoming sessile.Column 14-77 x8- 10 mm, broadly winged, dull yellow-greento maroon.Azdrer c. 3 x 3 mm, yellow. Pollinio c. 2 mm long, yellow. Stigna c. 3 mm wide, dull yellow maroon. Crzpsllenot seen.(Figure 25P-U)

Selectedspecimens examined. WESTERN AUSTRAIIA: S of Yallingup, 8 Oct. 1967,A.S. George 9205d (PERTH 00934496);Karridale, 12Ocl19'17,R. Heberle s.n. (PERTH 00308447);1.5 km NE of Witchcliffe7.5 km SSEof MargaretRiver 3 km E of BussellHighway, 34o01 'S, I 15007'8,5 Oct. 1983,5.D.Hopper 3438 (PERTH 00246921);2km NW ofDunsborough,9 km SE ofCape Naturaliste, 33'035'S,115!105'E', 5 Oct.1983, S.D. Hopper 3453 (PERTH 00246549);Mowen Rd, c. 24.8 km NW "1983,5.D. of Nannup,33q56'S,115037'E, 10 Oct. Hopper3564(PERTH 01195042); 22 km WNW of Nannup,junction of Mowen Rd andJalbarragup Rd, 18km SW of Jarrahwood,33!55'S, 1 15033'E', l0 Oct.1984,5.D.Hopper4303 (PERTH 00792918);onCape Naturaliste Rd,2.8 km NWof Dunsborough, 33036'S,I 15004'E,9 Sep.1985, S.D. l/opper 4516b(PERTH 01 193457); Haddleton Nature Reserve on W boundryat GraniteFlatrock, 33a40'S, 116435'8, 16 Oct. 1991,S.D. Hopper 8224 (PERTH l 1829416). I Distribution and habitat, Mainly found in the Busselton-Augusta area, but also of scattered I occurrencenorthwards to near Perth. Inhabits Jarrah forest and Banksialsheoak(Allocasuarina\ woodlandsin deepsand and lateriticloams. (Figure 27C)

Flowering period. Septemberto October.

Notes. Caladenia rhomboidifurmis was first describedby Edith Coleman in 1930 as a variety of C. dilatata. George (1971) removed it from that species and placed it with the closely related C. longiclavata.However, it differs ftom C. longiclavata andthe relatcdC. nragniclavata in itspetals lackingan osmophore,and its labellumlamina with almosthorizontal lateral lobes and with shorter marginalcalli. Recognizingthese differences Clements & Hopper (1989)elevated C. rhomboitlifurmis to full speciesstatus. n f Caladeniaarrecta is also relatedto C. rhomboidifurmisbtt is readily distinguishedby its upswept d petals with an osmophore and its calli in two pairs of rows with a clear gap between them. C. rhomboidifurmisis a common speciesofthe Busselton-Augustaarea where it freely hybridizeswith C. citrina.

Caladenia serotina Hopper & A.P. Br., sp. nov. d b A Caladenia longicauda Lindl. floribus plus coloratis petalis sepalisque saepissimerigide ferentibuset posteaflorescentia differt. T. tr Typas:c. 16km northof Manjimupon SouthWestern Highway,34'p05'S, 116411'E, Westem Australia, (r 'in&sN'ilal 'ix 'icgl 'iov 'kstgtvzo IIJuad I :osl:6r0Lan0HJugd rolo{) 'q'5'9961 'urlErlsnv 'g,Oio9I 'S,ZZo€€'tllnos g119ynddog reqrueldeg6 u.I?lseiA I SuIIIsAeIlJJoujnl 'peor ,(€^\qArHuralsed\ qlnog eqt tseduq g I sse6-,{g,{rnqung eql Jo spISls€e-qlnos eql uo .sttd,{7

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'd '1ddns (SOO1)SS q11,trupe pu7 'rer 'u,roJg'V pur (7661) 99 d'upa puz'erlur1snvlsei6-qtnosJo sprqrJo ? uuruJJoH'N'suottz qsryl l

'Z ru.,'{org DluapDID) :,{Sotoprqcrou€lletsnv uralsotd dV ?t reddoH (S Nryrsid vol. 14, No. 1/2 (2001) to replaceC. longicaudain this region.These two speciesare readily distinguished, C. speciosahav ing pinkish flowers with a very robustlabellum and prominentsometimes bifurcated fringe. C. splendens attainsthe size of C. speciosa,but differs in its white colouration,shorter more ovate labellum and shorter simple labellum fringe. C. speciosagrows with severalspecies of the C. huegelii complex, occasionallyhybridizing with C. huegelii, C. georgei and C. paludosa.

The northernmostpopulation of Caladenio speciosa near Mundijong tends to have a smaller labellum than southempopulations, and warrantsfurther taxonomic research.Near Manjimup occur someother anomalouspopulations, which resembleC. speclosain having pale pink floral colouration and long sometimesbifurcate calli on the labellum margin, but differ in their larger flowen, later I flowering period and occurrencein winter-wet flats. Further researchon thesepopulations is needed. l" Caladenia splendensHopper & A.P. Br., sp.nov. I

A speciebusCaladenia LongicautlaLindl. floribus magnis labello amplissimo et segmentis I fimbriae labelli robustisad 5-14 mm lonsis differt.

Iyprs: foot ofGingin scarpon Gingin Businessl-oop, c. 0.2 km nofih-eastofBrand Highway tumoff, '16 Iir c. 5 km southof Gingin, 31o24'S,I 15054'8,Western Australia, September1986, S.D. Hopper 5480 (holorPERTH 01706993;iso: AD!, CBG!,K!).

Illustrations. W. Nicholls, Orchids of Australia,plate 261,las Caladeniapatersoniivar. longicaudaf (1969);N. Hoffman& A. Brown,Orchids of South-WestAustralia, 2nd edn, p. 84 (1992)andrev.2nd ednwith suppl.,p. 84 (1998).

P/cnt solitary or in small clumps.l,ealerect, Iinear, 15-30 cm x 8-15 mm, pale green,basal third usually irregularly blotchedwith red-purple.Scape 30-80 cm t all.F lowers 1*3(4), c. 10-22 cm across, white to crearny-yellowexcept for maroonmarkings on calli and pale maroonto pink lines on the back of petalsand sepals;floral odour strongly svleei.Sepals and pelals stiffly held to lax, linearlanceolate in basal 1/6-114,then abruptly narrowing to a denselyglandular long-acuminatefilamentous apex lacking a tumescentosmophore; glandular hairs elongate,cylindrical. Dorsal sepal erectto curving forward near apex, 9.5-16.5 cm x 3-11 mm. Lateral sepals spreading,obliquely downcurved or vertically hanging, 10.5-l9 cm x 8-11 mm. Pelc/s horizontalbasally, then somewhatto prominently downcurved or vertically hanging, 8.5-13.5 cm x 4-6 mm. Labellum obscurely 3Jobed, uniformly coloured exceptbasal part of lamina sometimeswith pale maroon radiating stripes,stiffly a iculat€ on a claw c. 2-3 mm wide; lamina narrowly cordateto cordate in outline when flattened, 30-35 x 15-22 mm, basal third curving from erect to horizontal, middle third nearly horizontal, apical third sharply recurved; lateral lobes erect with entire margins within 7-10 mm of the claw, becoming fimbriate with slenderacuminate to clubbednarrowly fusiform pale to rich maroonwhite-tipped calli to 14 mm longwhich areabruptly decrescentnearmidlobe; midlobe marginswith shortbroadforward- facing obtusecalli decrescenttowards the apex.Lamina calli in 4 rows (rarely 8 nearapex) extending 3/4 or more the lengthofthe labellum,pale to dark maroon,golf stick-shaped,the longestc. 3 mm tall, decrescenttowards apex and becomingsessrle. Column 18-24 x 10-13 mm, winged, greenishyellow with maroon blotchesand suffusions.Anfier c. 4-5 x 4 5 mm, maroon with yellowish suffusions. Pollinia c.5 mm long, yellow. Stigma c. 5 mm wide, yellow-green. Capsule not seen. (Figure 28 M--R)

Selectedspeci mens examined. WESTERN AUSTRAIIA: Dardanup,1968,1.R. Beltran s.n. (PERTE 009L-1772);iJ.8 l

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R.J. Cranfield 4122 (PERTII 00329843);Frankland River, 16 Sep. 1958,I. lllggezs s.n.a(PERTH tl 00911747);OId Muirs Bridge,0.6km N of Muirs Highway,10 km WNW of RockyGully,34029'S, n 116054'E,8 Oct. 1983,5.D.Hopper 3524 (CBG, PERTH 00278998);2.1 km SSW of WannamalWest Rd on edgeof Gingin Scarp,31a11'S,115q52'E, 18 Sep. 1986,5.D. Hopper 5494(AD, CBG, K, PERTH S 00910198);on N faceof S QualenRd Rock,c. 17.5km E of Mt Dale,32a09'S,116428'E, 11 Sep. 1987, 2 S.D.Hopper 6028(PERTH 01208829);GinginAccess Rd,0.2 km E acrossthe Railway line, at the foot of the scarp, c. 5 km S of Gingin, 31023'S, 115455'E,20 Sep. 1988, S.D. Hopper 6722 (PERTH fl 01208845);Yarloop,Sep.1941,E.Scouter s.n. (PERTH 00289981);1.5 krn N of Greenbushes,21 Sep. h 1980,7.G. l./l/son s.r. (PERTH 00278564). tt Distribution and habiraL Known from Wannamal and Julimar south throughout high rainfall Jarah forest areasto Balingup,and south-eastwardsto Frankland,always inhabiting seasonallywaterlogged fc soils on rock outcrops,moist gullies and flats. (Figure 29B) th Flowering period. Septemberto October. 7- AI

Etymology. Named from the Latin splendens(shining, brilliant), alluding to the brilliant white colouralionand splendidsize of lhc spccies. Je at

Nores.This is one of the larges!flowered membersof the Calqdenia longicauda complex found in WesternAustralia, surpassed in size only by C. excelsa.lt is characterisedby tall scapes,a very robust Di labellum with a long fringe (in most populations),and very long broad pendulouspetals and sepals. M

sci Due to its obvious relationshipswith membersof lhe Caladenia longicauda complex we have an found assigning rank to C. splendensa difficult task. Within its seasonally-waterloggedhabitats, dri C. splendensis uniformly larger than C. longicauda, notably in labellum dimensions,lateral sePal Ne width andscape height. At the drier marginsof its wet habitat,C.splendens does hybridise with larger- flowered subspeciesof C. longicauda in a narrow ecotone.However, small-flowered subspeciesof C. longicauda(e.g.stbspp. albelh andredqctq) grow sympatdcallywith C. splendezs in wet soils and no hybrids havebeen recorded. On balance,we considerspecific rank is appropriatefor C. splendens, ED Ro Cafadeniastarteorum Hopper & A.P.Br.,sp. nov. bur bri allis huegelli H.G. Reich affinibus colore florum atro vel dilute roseo, A speciebus Caladenia ofr petalis sepalisquead basin crassioreferentibus apicibuspendulis, sepalis lateralibus 4-5 cm longis, 4-5 mm latis plerumque exstendentibusoblique deorsum tum verticalibus pendentibusclavibus exilibus filiformibus cinereo-roseisfascientibus differt. Stur Pal, Typus:c. 25 kn northofthe SouthCoast Highway on the eastside ofthe Denmark-Mount Barkerroad, osn 34045'S,117a30'E, Westem Australia, 4 October1991, J. Starts.n. (holo: PERTH01935143). tol osn ///zstrcrions.N. Hoffman &A. Brown, OrchidsofSouth-West Australia,2nd edn,p.99(1992) andrev. fror 2nd ednwith suppl.,p. 99 (1998). its I

Planr solitary or in loosecolonies. Iealerect, linear, t 0-20 cm x 7-10 mm, pale green,basal third usually irregularly blotchedwith red-purple.Scape 2040 cm tall. Flowers 1 or 2, c. 6-9 cm across, in1 predominantlydark pink with white markings; floral odour unknown. SePalsand petals stiffly held, hab. linearlanceolate in basal 1/3-112,then abruptly narrowing to a long-acuminateapex; osmophore eJo 'sJoqunu peonporqcnur ur sercedseql punoSe,ruq sree{ luenbesqnsur setrsesaql ol slrsr1 lelrqeq 'pll 'sesur 1u:nq,{11uacer ut puno3se,t sercedseql oarqllyu u1 (rrn4 e1e1) 9661 pue(sdun8uo-ro4) 9661 ur 'ss( punoJeJe^\ suorlelndod:eqgq o,t1'1661 ur (re1:eg luno4;o lse.tr)papelloc lstr; se,,lserceds aqa prl

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'u^\olg 'd-V .C.S otuapDloJ Z:ISoloprqJr0 uBrlBrtsnv ualsrlA T raddoH (ro 152 Nuytsiavol. 14, No. l/2 (2001)

Cafadenia thinicola Hopper & A.P. Br., sp.nov. al A speciebusaliis affinlbus Caledeniahuegelii H.G. Reichb.petalis sepalisque plerumque pallido- c( viridibus suffusishebetibus pallido-marroninis, sepalis lateralibus clavis gracilibuspallido glandaceis SC 10-15 mm longis, et fimbria labelli segmentorumacutorum gracilium pallido-viridibus differt. o(

Typas.baseofYeagarupDunes,20km south-west of Pemberton,34'33'S,115"52'E, WestemAustralia, C 8 October 1984,S.D. Hopper 1265 (holo: PERTH 00255548). w K Illustrations. N. Hoffman & A. Brown, Orchids of South-WestAustralia, rev. 2nd edn with suppl., p.a2s (1998). thr Plant solitaty or in loose clumps.I eaf ercc|lineat, L3-26 cm x 6-7 mm, pale green,basal third ye usually irregularfy blotchedwith red-purple.Scape 45-50 cm tall. Flowers 1-3(4), c. 5-6 cm across, to predominantlyyellowish-green with variable suffusions,lines and spotsof dull maroon;floral odour an absent.Sepals and petals stlffly held, linearJanceolatein basal 113-U4, then abruptly narowing to Ila a long-acuminateapex; osmophore slightly to prominentlytumescent, 10 15 mm long on sepals, glr absentfrom petals,light brown,consisting of minutedensely packed globular sessile glandular cells. Dorsal sepal erect and slightly incurved, c. 4 cm x 2 mm. Lateral sepals obliquely downcurved, wi c. 4 cm x 3 mm. Percls horizontal to obliquely downcurved,c. 3.5 cm x 2 mm. Lqbellum obsurely wi 3Jobed, prominently2-coloured, yellowish-green to cream with dull maroon radiatingstrip€s, or terminatingin a uniformlydark maroon recurved apex, stiffly articulateon a clawc. 2 mm wide;lamina or narrowly cordateto cordatein outlino when flattened,15-16 x 72-13 mm, basalthird curving from in, erectto obliqu€,middle third curvingto horizontal,apical third sharplyrecurved; lateral lobes erect hor with entiremargins near the claw, becoming fimbriate with slenderacuminate linear greenish yellow ter calli to 8 mm long which areabruptly decrescent near midlobe; midlobe margins with sho broad wi1 slightly forward-facing obtusesometimes hooked calli decrescenttowards the apex.Lamina calli in dar 4 rowsextending at least3/4 the lengthof the labellum,dark maroon,sometimes white at base,golf mir stick-shaped,the longest c. 1,2 mm tall, decrescenttowards apex and becoming sessile.Column cal l7-20 x 6 mm, broadly winged, yellowish greenwith maroonblolches.Anther c. 4 x 4 mm, yellowish wh greenand dark maroon.Pollinia c. 4 mm long, yellow. Stigma c. 4 mm wide, dark yellowish brown. bec Capsule not seer. c.2 yel

Selectedspecimens eramined. WESTERN AUSTRALIA: 3.3 km E of Gracetownon GracetownRd, 10km NWof MargaretRiver,33"51'S, 115'00'E,9 Oct. 1984,5.D. Hopper 4291(PERTH 00330809); Dis CapeNaturaliste road,3 km NW ofDunsborough,33'36'S,115'05'E,25 Sep. 1985,5.D. Hopper 4651 Bar (PERTH01710524);700 m W ofRockyPoint,300 m up ftom ocean,33'33'S,115'03'8,22 Sep. 1986, S.D. Hopper 5515 (PERTH 00874078);S of Rocky Point, 33'34'5, 115'04'8, 22 Sep. 1986, Flo S.D. Hopper 5520 (PERTH 00874108); Scott National Park, track to Twinhams Bend, 150 m S of crossing,26 Sep. 1990, C.J. Robinson-1958(PERTH 01824074). Not 198 Distribution andhabiat Extremesouth-west coast from CapeNaturaliste to the Warren River, south- and west ofPemberton.Grows in deepsand in low coastalheath or woodlandofPeppermint, Jarrah, Marri, toe ChristmasTree, Ila kea trifurcata, H. nitida andDarwiniq citriodora. (Figure 29D) lab€ subr Flowering period. Late Septemberto early November.

Etymology.Naned fromtheLatin thinium (dune)and -cola (dweller,inhabitant), alluding to the habitat four of the species. oftl inm 'dnuuep pue daa-Ieguae,rleq lsoJoJrJ.l€ruq€rJef uI selrspepeqs lsroru ur 'seeJe squqs esuepts8uorue sxrcco sualn\od dsqts osoutBtln J lseJoJluoJB fpe pue lleqlEeq,r orllJo e8pe urelse,r eql Suol€ tseJoJurEI I/qEUe[pue puElpoo,troopuel6 uedo ul selrs1e,r-Jelur,{\ ut punoJ eru osarrSrln dsqnspue suottpuoc 'dsqnsosou1?t1n o1uapo1o2 pezuSooare:e sercedsqnseerql

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Dtuat'lrJ Z:dSotoprqrro uEriErsnvuolsay'A'u^\org dV T roddoH CS (Im 154 /Vlll.lir Vol. 14. No. .l/2 (2001)

Key to subspecies of Caladenia uliginosa

l. Labellumwith a maroonapex ...... subsp.uliginosa 1: Labellum with a white or yellowish-creamaPex 2. Petalsand lateral sepalsyellowish-cream, horizontal nearbase. I-abellum cream,suffused yellow on lateral lobes adjacentto longestmarginal ca11i...... subspcandicans 2: Petalsand lateral sepalsgreenish-yellow, obliquely downcurved nearbase. Labellum white, suffusedgreen on lateral lobes adjacent to longestmarginal ca11i...... subsp.Patulens

Caladenia uliginosa A,S. Georgesubsp. uliginosa

Illustrotions.D. Jones,Native Orchids ofAustralia, p. 134line drawing,not photoon p. 135(1988); N. Hoffman& A. Brorvn,Orchids of South-WestAustralia,1st edn, p. 124(l984),2ttd edn, p. 91 (1992) andrev.2nd edn with suppl.,p.91 (199ti).

P/ant solitaryor in looseto dcnseclumps, Flowers 14,predominantly greettishcream, with a dark maroon labellum apex; floral odour absent.Loteral sepalsand petals steeplydownctlrved near base. LabeLlumcream, suffirsed green on lateral lobes adjacentto longestmarginal calli. (Figure 30A-E)

Selectedspecimens examined. WESTERN AUSTRALIA: Towerlup Rd between Frankland and Kojonup,c. 26.9km S of Jingalup,34412'S, 116a59'8, 17Oct. 1985,A Brol'l 260(CBG, PERTH 00906506);0.3 knr W of Corderingadjacent to old CorderingMill site,33!30'S, 1 16040'E, 20 Sep. 1984,E. Chapmans.r. (PERTH 00404268);near Dryandra, 29 Sep.1971,A S. George11053 (PERTH 00251356);12.5 km W of FranklandRiver, Muir Highway, 3402715,116a46'E, 2 Nov. 1977, A.S. George 15023 (AD, CANB, K, MEL, NSW, PERTH 00251275);Woodanilling, turnoff from AlbanyHighway,33a32'S, 117005'E,3 Oct.19'18,A.5. George 15263 (FERTIi00251739);26 knt ENE ofWifga Siding,25km NNE ofBoyupBrook,33439'S, 116!30'8,6 Oct 1983,S.D. Hopper3419 (AD, CBG, K, MEL, PERTH00250856): 12 km NNE of ChowerupMill, 18 km SSEof Kulikup Siding, 33!159'S,116a48'8,6 Oct. 1983,S.r. Hopper 3490(PERTH 00250821); 8 km WSW of Kojonup, 0.5km N of FanarSidingon KojonupBoyup Brookroad,33o50'S, I 17!105'E,6 Oct.1983,S.D. Hopper 3492 (CBG, PERTH 00250848).

Distribution and habilat Found betweenthe York areasouthwards to Manjimup and Rocky Gully in winter^wetflats, often in the presenceof Wandoo,along the western edge ofthe\Yheatbelt, and adjacent forest areas.Flowering appearsto be enhancedby summerfire. (Figure 31A)

Flowering period. S€ptemberto November.

Notes.Calatlenia u/iginosn subsp.uliginosa is readrly distinguishedfrom the other subspeciesby its maroon labellum apex.It grows with C. uliginosa subsp.cazdicazs in the no hem part of its range C. uliginosa stbsp.u/iginosa crosses with C. longicaudato producethe hybrid C x exerra.This hybrid Fig is illustrated C. uliginosa]byJones (1988: 135). fas fror

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Cafadenia uliginosa A.S. Georgesubsp. candicans Hopper & A.P.Br., subsp.nov.

A subspecietypica floribus citrinis tepalisbrevioribus, petalis brevioribus et lamina labelli omnino citrina differt.

Typas: Dale West Rd, c. 4.2 km east-north-eastof Brookton Highway, 32014'S,116029'E, Westem Australia, 12 octob er L986,S.D. Hopper 5639(holo: PERTH 01708090;lso: AD!, CBG!, K!, MEL!).

Illustrations.N.HotTman& A. Brown, Orchidsof South-WestAustralia, 2nd edn,p. 89 (1992)and rev' 2nd ednwith suppl.,p.89 (1998).

Plnzt solitary or in loose to denseclumps. Flowers 1. 3, predominantlyyellowish cream,without a dark maroon labellum apex; floral odour strongly svreet.Lateral sepalsand petals horizonlal near base.Labellum yellowish-cream,suffused yellow on lateral lobes adjacentto longestmarginal calli. (Figure30F,G)

Selectedspecimens examined. WESTERN AUSTRALIA: 26 km ENE of Wilga, 33039'S,116!130'E, 2 Oct. 1975, E. Chapman s.z. (PERTH 00251.267);4 miles [6 km] E of Williams,21 Sep. 1957, '1924, A.S. Georges.n. (PERTH 00252220);Highbury and Pindalup,Oct. B.T. Goadby s.n. (PERTH 00870404); Highbury, Oct. 1924, B.T. Goadby s.r. (PERTH 00309419); Dryandra State Forest, NarroginMap 1:100,000, Grid Reference003730, 16 Sep. 1987, D.M. Rose245a(PERT'II 01699423).

Distribution and habila/, Occurs in a narrow strip along the westernedge of the wheatbeltbetween Kojonup and York. Grows under scatteredWandoo amongstdense sedges and annualsin lowJying clay flats.Soil is sandy-clay.(Figure 31B)

Flowering period. Septemberto October.

Etymology. Named from the Latin candicans(becoming pure white), alluding to the creamy-white colouration of this subspecies.

Notes.A subspeciesof restricteddistdbution betweenKojonup and York. It andCaladenia uliginosa stbsp.uliginosa rarelygrow sympatrically,although their distdbutionsoverlap and both occur in large numbersin areasoffavourable habitat.Flowers of subsp.crzndicczs are yellowish-cream,lacking the maroon labellum apex of the typical subspecies.Subsp. car'dicans is similar to subsp.patulens,b\t differs in having yellowish-creamflowers and a more easterlydistribution in Wandoowoodland flats, I I Caladenia u/iginosa subsp.candicans hybridizes freely with C. longicauda. tI Caladenia uliginosa A.S.Georgesubsp. patulens Hopper & AP.Br., subsp.nov. I A subspeciebusaliis Caladeniauliginosae A.S. Georgefloribus pallido-viridibus, petalis sepalisque longioribusminus rigide ferentibus,et apicelabelli albido tenentisuffusiones pallido-virides gradatim recurvatasdiffefi.

?ypas: 400 m south-eastfrom eastend of CAIM's Blackboy Picnic Ground, nearHarvey, 33005'S, (holo: fH 01071130; 115054'E, Westem Australia, 25 September 1987, S.D. HoPPer 61'05 PER c iso:AD!. CBG!). 's arsaplrl^ :sralrlrd dsqnsosou8un J O J J :09 '.suorjprfix dsqr.sosou18lln ) - g:Dso1t131[ dsqns zsoar8rlz oluapolD) - V sdelu uotlnqulslq I€ eln€Ij

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Illustrations.N.Hoffman & A. Brown, OrchidsofSouth-WestAustralia,2nd edn, p. 90 (1992)and rev. s 2nd edn with suppl.,p. 90 (1998).

Plant solitary.Flowers 1-3, predominantlygreenish cream, without a dark maroonlabellum apex; S floral odour strongly sweet.tdleral sepals and petah obliquely downcuwed near base.Labellum l basally white, suffusedgreen on lateral lobes adjacentto longest marginal calli. s a c Selectedspecimens examinetl.WESTERN AUSTRALIA:junction of HoneymoonRd andSouth West I Highway, c. 20 km S of Waroona(c. 5 km N of Harvey), 33002'S,LL5a55'E,21Sep.1984, A. Brown c 1.23(K, PERT"I1 00252239). lr tr Distribution and habirar Known from just two small populationsnear Harvey and Nannup where it v grows amongstdense shrubs in Jarrah,Marriforest. Soil is clayJoam. (Figure 31C) s Flowering period. Late Septemberto October. s 4 Etymology. Named from the Latin patulus (spread,outspread), alluding to the more spreadingPetals and sepalsof this subspeciescompared to the nominate subspecies. L i! Noles.This is a raresubspecies ofvery restrictedoccurrence (Priority One), regardedas poorly known and in urgent needof further survey (Hopper et al. 1990). It has only been recordedflowering in the first spring following summerwildfires.

Caladeniauliginosasubsp.patulezsdiffersnotably from theother two subspeciesin itspredominantly Pl white labellum,the intermediate downcurved angle ofthe basallamina of its lateralsepals and petals, and its more westerly occurrencein moist soils in Jarrah/Marriforest on the Darling Scarp. 1! Caladenia viridescens Hopper & A.P. Br., sp. nov. S( AI A speciebusaffinib:us Caladenia huegelll H.G. Reichb.petalis sepalisque pallido-viridibus rigide al tenentibusel labelloungusto differl. D

Typus: Cape Naturaliste,Western Australia,26 September1985, S.D. Hopper 4657 (,olo: PERTH 01099620;iiso; AD!, CBG!,MEL!).

Illustrations. S.Hopper,S. van l-eeuwin,A. Brown & S. Patrick,Westem Australia's EndangeredFlora 'Dunsborough plate 53las Caladezia sp.(Dunsborough) S.D. Hopper 5520b Spider Orchid'l (1990); p. (1992)and rev.2nd edn with N. Hoffman & A. Brown, OrchidsofSouth-West Australia,2nd edn, 103 T1 (1998); N. Marchant (eds), Westem Australia's suppl., p. 103 A. Brown, C. Thomson-Dans,& 01 ThreatenedFlora, p. 1l6 (1998). I palegreen, Plant solitaryor in looseclumps.Ieclerect, linear, 15-20cmx5 8 mm, basalthird zn usually inegularly blotchedwith red-purple.Scape 2540 cm tall. Flowers 1-3(4),c.5 7 cm across, predominantlypale greenishyellow with variable suffusions,lines and spotsof dull maroon to pink; floral odour absent.Sepals and petah stiffly held, linearlanceolate in basal l/4-ll3, then abruptly nanowing to a long-acuminateapex; osmophoreprominently tumescent,5-14 mm long on sepals, thi absentftom petals,light to dark brcwn, consistingof minute denselypacked globular sessileglandular acl cells.Dorsalsepal erectand slightly incurved,,l-5 cm x 2.5-3 mm.Lateral sepalshorizontalobliquely 'p1oq 'sso.rcu ^la /I lusequr eteloecuel-reeuq dp;r1ss7olad puo spdag'pe,trs !u1u; lerog l1urd ryup ol epd 'z 'eldInd-pa.I r€lr rur 0I 9 , ro I sp$ol.7'I1r1utt g9-1g adocg qtt.tr paqclolq .{1.re1n3errr.{11unsn prrql .SF 'ueer? 'uru x urJ gI-{)I 'lseurl sadecseerql ol dn ,{1eJer'^rr:.rlos leseq eled 8-g lcera /ra1 iuolA fn, '(SOOf) :IU Sgf d'erolg peueleerqls.erlerlsnv 'ssr '(spe) 'surq-uosurotlJ 'u,'\aorg '1ddns urols?/A tueqrrehl N ? J V :(366I) 96 d qtr^\ upa puz ',rer 'upe 'erlErlsnv ru^\olg prl pue(7661) 96 d puz lsert-qlnoS Jo splqr.ro V?urruJJoH N suouortsn l

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5-113 then abruptly nanowing to a long-acuminateapex; osmophoreslightly tumescent,10-30 mm long in sepals,absent frompetals, fawn, consistingofminute denselypacked globular sessileglandular cells. Dorsal sepal erect and slightly incurved, 3.5-7 cm x 24 mm. Lateral sepalssprcading then obliquely downcurved,3.5-7.5cmx+7 mm.P€talsspreadinghorizontallythen obliquely downcurved, 3-5.5 cm x 3-5 mm. Labellum obscurely 3Jobed, 2-coloured,basal half of lamina pale pink with slightly darker radiatingstripes, distal halfuniformly dark pink with a recurvedapex, stiffly articulate on a claw c. 2 mm wide; laminalinear-cordate in outlinewhen flattened,15-23 x 10-11 rnm,basal third curvirg from erectto horizontal,middle third nearlyhorizontal, apical third sharplyrecurved, margins at widest point moderatelycurved upwards and terminatedby obliquely ascendingmargins and calli; lateral lobesobliquely ascendingwith entire marginsnear the claw, becomingfimbriate with slender clubbed narrowly fusiform dark to pale pink calli to 6 mm long which are abruptly decrescentnear midlobe; midlobe marginswith shortslender forward-facing obtuse calli decrescenttowards the apex. Lamina calli n4 rows extendingat least4/5 the length of the labellum, dark pink (paler proximally), sometimeswhite at base,golf stick-shaped,the longest c. 2 mm tall, decrescenttowards apex and becomingsessile. C olumn 14-78 x 6-8 mm, broadlywinged, pink with darkerblotchesand pale yellow suffusions.Antler c. 3 x 3 mm, pink and greenishyellow. Pollinia c.3 mm long, yellow. Sttgmac. 3 mm wide, pinkish. Capsule nol seen.(Figure 32)

Distribution and habital. Confined to a small areanear the Tone River where it grows along the floor of subdued drainage lines and flats beneath open low woodland of Flooded Cum, Melaleuca preissiana,Xanthorchoea preissii, Acacia saligna andBanksia littoralis in dark grey sandyloam rich in humus. (Figure 33A)

Flowering period. Late October to November.

Etymology. Named after the late Mr Harry Winfield (1924-1993), field officer with the Western AustralianForests Department for 42 yearswho knew of andcultivated the speciessince the late 1970s, andwho first directedus to wild populationsin 1987.Harry hada life-longinterest in theorchids of the south-west,and was a keen photographerand enthusiast.

Notes. A rare speciesof very restricted distribution (Declared Rare), known only from the type collection, currently on the scheduleof DeclaredThreatened Flora. Caladenia winfiellii is similar to C. starteorum,differing in its shortercolumn, the pale pink (rather than white) baseof its labellum lamina, its longer petalsand its larger lateral sepalswith a longer narrower osmophore.

Caladenia winfieldii is also similar lo C. harringtoniae, with which it grows, but differs in its somewhatbroader petals, its sepalswith an osmophore,its longer labellum, its taller broadercolumn, and uniformly pink colouration.C. winfieldii also resemblesC. gardneri in its pink colouration,but is darker and has slenderand taperingrather than swollen osmophores

Caladenia subgenusDrakonorchis Hopper & A.P. Bt., Lindleyana 75 (2): 12WI26 (20OO).Type: Caladenia barbarossaH.G. Reichb.,lectotype fide Hopper & Brown (2000: 124).

Drakonorchis Hopper & A.P. Br. nom. inval. lz N. Hoffman & A. Brown, Orchids of South-West Australia,2ndedn, p. 189 (1992)and rev. 2nd ednwith suppl.,p. 189 (1998). Ft Petals held obliquely or vertically downwards, and backwards, 1-2.5 cm long. LsbelLum claw hal longer than 2 mm, with paired horn-like appendages;lamina hirsute on margins above,insectiform, I. lacking capitatecalli except for three large basalones known as shoulder calli. C, .nllss^ .J ,{q u,,.er( erullod - hl :eprsuro{ uurnloc-'I :luo{ uro{ uurnlot - t :II9J - I :uoltas pue$€uol unlloq?l - l :eplsuro{ unlloq?l - H:a^oq? uro4 urnlloqel- C:dp l?dosuo puBIS-C:dq lsdos- A:luo{ uro{ ro^rog- C:.I!Bq Jeol-C:rrgq uroN- B:lu?ld-V 9Zt ua/nh227uo^ S''dnuIfuBII Jo lst \-qlnosuro4 trppy'rru ouapoloX 79 ar]6lg

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Notes. Calodeni.t slbgeuts Drakonorcftr'shas four species,three here describedas new, all of which are endemicin south-westernAustralia. All are commonly referredto as dragon orchids.

JamesDrummond,in aletterto Hooker at Kew dated14 October1839, argued thatthe single dragon orchid then known to him was genericallydistinct from Caladenia,bfihis vi.ewdid not prevail from the time Reichenbachdescribed the speci.esas Caladenia barbarossarn 1871.Initially, we were also of the view that the dragon orchids are removedfrom Calqdenia dlueto a number of attributes,and proposederecting the genusDrakonorciir to reflect this view (Hoffman & Brown 1992, 1998). The dragonorchids' floral featuresinclude a highly modified insectiform labellum lamina on an elongate hinged claw with two hornJike appendages.Calli are absenton the labellum lamina exceptfor three large complex retrorsebasal head-like structures,and the labellum lamina is coveredwith scattered tufts of elongatehairs rather than calli. This floral morphology is associatedwith pollination by the sexualdeception of male thynnid wasps(Stoutamire 1983), and closely parallelsthat seenin Drakoea flowers. Many other speciesof Caladenia have similar pollinators, but they display far less floral modification towards insect mimicry than is seenin the dragon orchids.

However, recent DNA sequencestudies of the CaLadeniaalliance in the Diurideae (Kores et al unpublished)have establishedthat the dragon orchids are deeply embeddedwithin Caladenia sens. lar. This is supportedby non-floral morphological evidence.For example,the dragon orchids have a sparselyhirsute leafand scape, and petals and sepals are similarto those seen in speciessuch as C. roei. Also,C. barbarossais associatedwith th ettngus Sebacinavermifera(M. Clementspers. comm.), the commonendophyte of Caladenia species (Warcup 1971). Also Pridgeon(1993, 1994) found no unique anatomicalfeatures in the leavesof C. barbarossain his studyof a limited numberof herbarium specimensof Caladeniaand alliedgenera.

Hence,we no longerconsider that the morphological differences between the dragon orchids and Caladenia aresuflicient to warrant separategeneric status. Rather, they havebeen placed as a distinct subgenuswithin Cqladenia (Hopper & Brown 2000). F Thedragon orchids have been considered for a longtime to bemonotypic, all belongingto a single lf variable speciesCaladenia barbarossa.However, over the past decade,it hasbecome apparent that there are four speciesol Caladenia suhgenusDrakonorchis, three of them describedas new below. IT

As in Drakqea the labellum of a Caladenia subgenusDra,tororcftls flower is recognizably insectiformand we haveused descriptive terms applied to insectsto describethe lamina.Thus, the I apicalarea ofthe laminais referredto asthe 'tail', themain body the'abdomen', and the enlarged calli L near the claw collectivelyas the 'head' subtendedby a nanower 'neck' which arisesftom th€ 'shoulders',each of the latterhaving a prominentcallus. The 'claw connection'refers to thatpart of I the labellum lamina linking the main insectiform body to the apical hinge of the claw where the two homJike appendagesare attached. tfr Rarehyb ds betweenCaladeniadrakeoides and C. exilis subsp.exilri andbetweenC. barbarossa -li and C. longicauda (Heberle 1982; Hoffman & Brown 1984) have been found, and are named as Caladenia x ornata and Caladenia x enigma rcspectivelyin this paper.

Caladenia barbarella Hopper & A.P. Br., sp. nov.

Fig Drakonorchis barbarellaHopper & A.P.Br.nom. inval. inN. Hoffman & A. Brown, OrchidsofSouth- c., West Australia, 2nd edn, p. 19I (1992) and rev. 2nd edn. with suppl., p. 19r (1998), A. Brown, C. Thomson-Dans,& N. Marchant(eds), Western Australia's Threatened Flora, p. 138(1998). ' . osuadu!'dsqnssrzrda.r ) pne . saDda) 'dsqns sr4dar J - Cl r ,r?r'dsqns tuDu J pue I orol dsqnsDuou J-J:r slrlsa^l(sdsqns,^rrf J pue . Dtoqzow dsqnsz,rali 3'.,^rlf dsqnsD^DI{ J - I'.tlna{ukt1 oluapolDJ- V sdeu uoqnqulsr( t€ orn8rl

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A Caladenia barbarosscH.G.Reichb. floribus parvioribus minus hirsutis glandulibusepiomidiis pawioribus brevioribus in lamina labelli differt.

Zypas:Cooloomia Nature Reserve,Westem Australia, 22 August 1983, S.D. Hopper 3272. (holo: PERTH 00255343;rso: AD, CBG, K, MEL).

Illustrotions. S. Hopper, S. van lreuwin, A. Brown & S. Patrick, Western Australia's Endangered Flora,plate 58 [asCaladeniasp.(Mtrchison)](1990);N. Hoffman &A. Brown, Orchidsof South-West Australia, 2nd edn, p. 191 (1992) and rev. 2nd edn with suppl.,p.l9l las Drakonorchis barbarellal (1998); A. Brown, C. Thomson-Dans,& N. Marchant (eds), WesternAustralia's ThreatenedFlora, p. 138 fas Drakonorchis barbarella] (1.998\.

Planr solitary or in small clumps.,Leclmoreor lessprostrate, Iinear, 2-8 cm x 3-6 mm, pale green. Scape8-25 cmlall. Flowers solitary,c,2cm across,cream to greenish-yellowwith maroonstripes and markings; floral odour absent.Sepcls and petals stiffly held, linearJanceolate,cream to greenish yellow with a thick medial linear maroon st pe, shortly constdcted at apex, glabrous, lacking a tumescentosmophore. Dorsal sepal obliquely ascendingbackwards, 1-1.5 cm x 1..5-2mm. Lateral repals thrust downwardssomewhat obliquely offvertical away from ovary, 1-1.5 cm x 1.5-2.5 mm, basal 2/3 nanowly lunate (when flattened) with outer margins recurved in proximal third before flattening at a sharp angular point, narrowing abruptly to the slightly incurved apex.Per.rls c. 1 cm x 1-1.5 mm, thrust downwardssomewhat obliquely off vertical away from ovary with apicesslightly incumed.Labellum creamto greenish-yellowwith dark maroon hairs and calli, stiffly articulateon a claw c. 2 mm x 1.5-2 mm heldobliquely upwards; claw connectionc. 1 x 1.5mm; abdomenve ical to recurved,held abovethe top ofthe ovary, ovatewith roundedentire hirsute margins in outline when flattened,5-6 x 3-4 mm, lJobed, obliquely descendingoutwards then recurved in the api,cal213, terminatingin an undifferentiatedshallowly channelled tail, margins at widestpoint vertical and flat, with 2 longitudinal rows of simple hairs converging near the tail. ShouLdercalli robust,capitate, c. 1 mm tall; headoblong, 1.5-2 mm wide, dark maroon in colour, with a lateralcranial depressionand two lateral anterior slight swellings (not antenna-like as in Caladenia barbarossa).Column &-10 x 3_5 mm, broadly winged, translucentgreenish-cream with maroon markings.Anther c. 1.5-2.0 x 1.5-2.0 mm, greenish-yellow . Pollinia c. 1.5-2 mm long, yello\ /. Stigma c.2-2.5 mmwide. Capsule not seen.(Figure 34A-F).

Selectedspecimens examined. WESTERN AUSTRALIA: N of Murchison River, 24 Aug. 1969, A.S.George9529 (K, MEL, PERTH 00255335);WSWof Nen€n Nenen Homestead,27a15'5,1,1441,4'E, 22 Aug. 1983, S.D. Hopper 3270 (PERTH OO255327).

Distibution arul habilat Confined to a small areasnear the lower Murchison River, where it grows in winter-wet depressionsin undulatingplain under low heathofBroom Bush (Melaleuca uncinata), or alongsidecreeklilesberrcath M. uncinata andAcacia scruband thickets.Soils arepale brown sandy loams.(Figure 35A)

Flowering period- Late August to September

Erymology.Named from the Latin barba (beard) and the diminutive suffix -ella (small) alluding to the smaller flower size comparedwith that of Caladenia barbarossa.Barbarella of the 1960sFrench comic strip wasllso a fictitious lady from outerspacewho usedsexual deception on malesto gainpower over them (Fo'ert 1984).The epithetis thereforeappropriately derived from this contextaswell, given Fie fro that the speciesirr pollinated by sexual deceptionof male thynnid wasps. 341 'ulurloo 'opls - 're/.\otJ- 'J?el - Iryted I S ,(qu^{sro erulllod- t - I tuo{ uullloo pu?unlloq?l I H qlB' lueld C tgte 'uulnloc-g 'urn[oqel-C 'opls trat!8qx f''lteAlgl|iogsN e8usu3uI4tS ruo{'Dsso.nqnq ouapolo) ,'-C:elullod-d uto{ ro,rog -C 1uo4 ruo+reA\og- g:pol qrl{{lu?ld-V'u s tu1^dq'd V'uJeqIeA]oquouwo4oltaroqrDqmuapDlbJ !l-Y Wejr.Ag Or*' Wv ,(p, ,(, '.051-' Slrt '9, '65

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Nole.r. This specieswas fint collected by A.S. George in 1969, and was surveyed for by us and S.van Leeuwenin the early 1980s.It wasfound to be sufficiently rareto be declaredas Rare Floraunder theWildlife ConservationAct(Hopperel al.1.990tBrovtn et a/. 1998).Presently, it is krown from seven populationscomprising severalthousand plants, but all are confined to an areajust a few hectaresin size. One small population occurs in Kalbarri National Park.

Caladenia barbarella is similar to C. drakeoidesin having a small labellum, but differs most noticeablyin its stiffly hinged shorterclaw c. 2 mm long that holds the abdomenabove the top ofthe ovary.The speciesoccurs much furthernofih thanothermembersofCsladeniasubgenusDrakonorchis.

'Swan Caladenia barbarossa H.G. Reichb., Beilr. Syst. Pflanzenk 64 (1,871). 71,pe. River', J. DrummondS6T(holo:W; iso: G,K,P).

Drakonorchis barbarossc(H.G. Reichb.)Hopper & A.P. Br. nom. invql. ir N. Hoffman & A. Brown, Orchids of South-WestAustralia, 2nd edn, p. 192 (1992), rev. 2nd edn. with suppl.,p. 192 (1998).

Illustrations. R. Erickson,Orchids of the West, 2nd edn,plate 28, Figure 9 [as Caladeniabarbarossa] (1965); A.S. Ceorge & H.E. Foote, Orchids of Western Australia, p. 21 top photo las Caladenia barbarossa)(undated); C. Woolcock & C. Woolcock, Australian TerrestrialOrchids, plate 11 B1 & 82las Calatlenia barbarossaf (i98a); C. Jones,Native Orchids of Australia, P. 108 [as Caladenia barbarossaf(1988); N. Hoffman & A. Brown, Orchids of South-WestAustralia, 1st edn, p. 150 [as Caladeniabqrbarosscl ( 1984),2nd ed.,p .192, andrev.2nd edn.with suppl.,p. 192,las Drakonorchis barbarossal (1998).

P/art solitaryor in small clumps.Lealmore or lessprostrate, linear,4-6 cm x 5-10 mm, palegreen. Scape10-30 cm tall. Flowers 1(2),c. 2-3 cm across,cream to greenishyellow with maroonstripes and F markings; floral odour absent.Sepals and petals stiffly held, cream to greenishyellow with a thick medial linear maroon stripe, linear-lanceolate, shortly constricted at apex, glabrous, lacking a tumescentosmophore. DorsaL sepal erect,7.8-2.5cmx-1.5-2mm, Lateralsepals obliquely descending F off horizontalwell away from ovary, 1.8-2.5 cm x 2-5 mm, basal2/3 narrowly lunate(when flattened) with outer margins recuwed in proximal third before flattening at a sharp angularpoint, narrowing abruptly to the slightly incurved apex.Petcls obliquely descendingoff horizontal well away from I ovary with apexslightly incurved, 1.4-2.4 cm x 1.5-2.0 mm. LabelLumcream to greenish-yellowwith I dark maroon hairsand calli, stiffly articulatedon a claw 3-5 x 2-3 mm held obliquely upwards;claw connectionc. 1 x 2.5 mm; abdomenvertical to recurved,held abovethe top of the ovary, ovatewith il rounded entire hirsute margins in outline when flattened, 8-10 x 6-8 mm, lJobed, obliquely descendingoutwards then recurved in the apical 2/3, terminating in an undifferentiated deeply I channelledtail, margins at widest point vertical and flat, with 2longitudinal rows of simple hairs converging near the tail. Shoulder calli robust, columnar, slightly capitate,about 1.5-2.0 mm tall; headshortly mallet-like,2.5-3 mm wide, dark plum to blackwith two pronouncedantenna-like lateral F anterior swellings. Column 73-L6 rnm x 5 7 mm, broadly winged, translucentgreenish-cream with maroon markings.A nther c. 2-3 x 2-3 mm, greenish-yellow.Polliniq c. 2 x 1 mm, yellow. Srigrza F c. 3 mm wide. Capsul€not seen.(Figure 34G-K).

Selecteclspecimensexanined WESTERNAUSTRALIA: Borden-BremerBay road,directly opposite Nightwell South Rd, due E of Amelup, 34'p14'S,118a24'E, 14 Oct. 1986,A. Brown 469 (PERTH 00928690);just E of Tone River on KulikupFrankland road, 34007'S,1'1'6e4'7'8,3 Nov. 1977,A.S. George 15037(PERTH 00248681);3.4 km W ofDrummond Track on Old OngerupRd, 3.2 km E of SusettaRiver,33048'S, 119028'E,4 Oct. 1984,S.D. Hopper 4190(PERTll00248150);Calyerup Rock, Fig 'olazosaw ') - - - J- A'.saploalDtp J'.ossoroqoq D g:ollatDqrDq biu2pDlrJ V sdeu uoqnqgNl( 9€ elnglC Jo .\ H el

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16 km ENE ofJerramungup,38km WSW of Fitzgerald,33054'S, 119405'E,4 Oct. 1984, S.D.Hopper 4204 (PERTII 00248703);100 m N of Pallinup River Bridge on W side of HassellRd, 5 km southof D BoxwoodHi11,34025'S, 118!14'8, 6 Oct.1984,S.D.Hopper 4237 (PERTH 00248207); 11.6 kmW of Williams on Williams-Pinjarra road, 33q04'S,116015'E, 17 Sep. 1985,S.D. Hopper 4619 (PERTH 00902209);5 km S ofBannisterRoadhouse, 8.2 km N ofHotham RiverBridge,32e43'5,716432'8, 1. 27 Sep.1987, S.D. Hopper 6177(PERTH 00902195);Aerodrome Rd, 500 m W of ThomasRd, on a r bendtuming WNW, c. l3 km NE ofRavensthorpe,33a33'S,119055'E,25Sep.1988, S D Hopper6828 II (PERTH01711091);Papa Colla Creek, below BluffKnoll, StirlingRange,15 Aug 1980,GJ.Keighery ol 3464 (PERTH 00248622);Dryandra StateForest, Naffogin map 1:100,000,Grid Reference023730, L 23 9ep.1987,C.M. Ros€300 (PERTH 01699008);River Avon commonagenear Mt Bakewell, York, lu 23 Oct. 190'1,O.H. Sargent s.n. (PERTH 00257265); Boyup Brook, Oct.1924, C.L. Serventys.n. al (PERTH 00257796). cl

Distribution arul habitat. Widespreadin the western and southernwheatbelt from the Jerdacuttup ol River, eastof Ravensthorpeto nearBindoon. Usually found in moist situationsadjacent to rivers and ol swamps.lt often forms densecolonies underthickets ofsheoak(Allocasuarina)and in areasof Wandoo rl woodland.Soils are variable but consistmainly of grey sandyclay. (Figure 35B) te AI lit Flowering period, Septemberto November. sI C and southernwheatbelt, Cal\denia barbarossa is the most Noles. Found throughout the western m common of the Calqdenia subgenusDrakonorchis species.It is often seenin large colonies under thicketsof sheoak(A llocasuarina\ adjacentto river coursesand in moist depressionsin areasof open Wandoo woodland. C. barbarossa1s mostlike C. mesocero,differing essentiallyin its shorter,often & morecolourfulpetalsand sepals, itsbroader, usually morehirsute labellum laminaand itsmorewesterly 4') and southerlydistribution. E 41 The specieswas first collectedby JamesDrummond in 1839 from nearToodyay. Sargent(1907) publishedan early descriptionofthe pollination ofthis speciesby flower wasps,without realisingthat D sexual deceptionmechanisms were involved (cf. Stoutamire 1983). M oI Caladeniq barbarossahybridizes with C. longicauda to produceC. x enigma

Cafadenia drakeoid€s Hopper & A.P. Br., sp.nov.

Drakonorchisdrakeoides Hopper & A.P.Br. nttm.inval. inN. Hoffman & A. Brown, OrchidsofSouth- tlt 2nd edn, p. 194 (1992) and rev. 2nd edn with suppl., p. 194 (1998), A. Brown, West Australia, lal C. Thomson-Dans,& N. Marchant(eds), Western Australia's ThreatenedFlora, p. 83 (1998).

mesocera Hopper & A.P.BI. floribus pawioribus lamina labelli tremula et laxe A Caladenia trz articulatadiffert. di of ?)rpls. north-westof Dalwallinu, WesternAustralia,23August 1988,S.D.Ilopper 6498(ftolo: PERTH 01708066;iso: AD, CBG, K, MEL, NSW, PERTH 02416302).

Illustrations. S. Hopper, S. van Leeuwin, A. Brown & S. Patrick, WesternAustralia's Endangered Flora, plate60 [asC aladenia sp.(saltlakes)] (1990);N. Hoffman & A. Brown, Orchidsof South-West Australia,2nd edn, p. 194 and rev. 2nd edn with suppl.,p. 194,las Drakonorchis drakeoidesl(7998); .. u.reql1relep ol repro ur slods relncruedJo uorluSrlso,\uresolc ornber qclq.r ?Bec€prqcJO :G 3ur1ce11ocroJ elquJno^eJgou sr ?u111e,rer1 epour luaso.Idrno poltorrp no,( se slrrds ;o lSi olur 1nd1 ueql;o euo puDJe^\oU ur palJalopoq plnoc sluuydaerql ,{yuo:uor1co11or a8rul ,{u;o pa 199 q1r,nrsnua3 ou.rus eql ot lr raJer{lqeqord p,tr qcrqalsrelceJeqr Jeqto qlr,r lnq (trs) oatlotq p dq'le,r,r.o1pe8urq eq1 Sur,req 1ue1d snoaceprqc:6 reln8urs e pereqle8l ouno.lrqlsJrJ Jno leeN,,

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Selectedspecimens erarzized. WESTERN AUSTRALIA: Lake Chinocup,c. 22 km E ofNyabingvia Chinduproad,33033'S, 118025'E, 12Aug.1.985,A. Broun223 (PERTH 00906433);Pigeon Rock NNE end,29km Sof Diemals,103 km NNWofKoolyanobbing,2955'S,119016'E,2 Sep.7984, S.D. Hopper 4026(PERTH 00249637); Weowanie Rock, 42 km ESEof SouthernCross, 31008'S, I 19045'E,4Sep. '1984, S.D.Hopper 4046(PERTH 00249653);HydenRock,4.3 km EofHyden,62km SEofNarambeen, SE cornerof Rock,32a27'5,71,8e52'8,5Sep. 1984, S.D.Hopper 4076(PERTH 00250066);SW edge ofLake Altham on RasmussenRd, 7.5 km E ofLake Grace-Pingruproad, 33425'S,1,1,3427'8,12Sep. 1985, S.D. Hopper 4559 (PERTH 00901717); Gunyidi-Wubin road, 2.7 km west of Masons Rd, c. 43 km north-westof Dalwallinu,30!108'S, 116'114'E',23 Aug. 1988, S.D.Hopper 6499(PERTH 0l 197797);Camel Soak, 3.3 km S ofCropersRd on theVermin ProofFenceroad, c. 33 km E ofPerenjori, 29e24'5,176a37'E,27 Aug. 198{3,S.D. Hopper 6564(PERTH 01197800); Wardagga Hill, SW of PaynesFind, 29023'S, 117030'E, 21 Aug.7982,R. Peakall s.r. (PERTH00929751); Mt Jackson,N of SouthernCross, 4 Sep. 1961,J. Tonkinsons.n. (PERTH 00254932);Mt Churchman,3 Sep. 1963, S.R.fiosicr 305 (PLRTH 00254q40).

Distribution and habitar. Widespreadfrom Pingrup north to the PaynesFind area,often growing on granite rock outcrops,ironstone hills and salflake margins.Soils are always seasonallymoist sandy to rockyloams. Associated vegetation varies considerably. At thetype location, in a gully on a banded ironstone hill, it was scrub and thickets of Exocarpos,Allocasuarina, Grevillea and Eucalyptus ewartiana. On granite rocks, the speciesgrows under scrub and thickets of speciessuch asAcacia lasiocalyx, Jam and Hakea recurva. Arotnd salt lakes,Melaleucrz thickets predominate,sometimes with scatteredtucalyplus sargentii. (Figure 35D)

Flowering period. August to early October.

Etymology.Named from the Greekm eso (middle) and ceras(horn) alluding to the medial position of thereclined horns between the labellum claw and claw connection, a featurethat readily distinguishes Caladenia mesoceraftom C. barbarossa.

Notes. Calodeniamesocer4 is the most widespreadspecies in the subgenus,occupying disjunct sites throughout the €asternwheatbelt and adjacentpastoral country and vacant Crown lands, There is noticeablevariation in the species,pa icularly when salt-lakepopulations are comparedwith rock outcrop populations,but we have not completedsufficient researchto dmw taxonomic conclusions as yet. Possibly, additional segregatetaxa will be recognizedin the future.

Caladeniamesocera is readily recognizedby its long, narrow labellum and the distinctive reclined hornsplaced between the claw and the claw cornection.The specieshas been found at a few siteswith C. drakeoidesbetween Miling and Wubin without apparenthybrids.

Caladenia subgenusElevatae fasElevata\Hopper & A}. Br., Lindleyana 15 (2): I2U726 (2000). Typus: Caladeniaflava R.Br., lectotypeJide Hopper & Brown (2000: 124).

Petals 0.7-2.4 cmlong, held horizontally or obliquely upwardsand slightly backwards.Labellum claw minute, less than 0.5 mm long, lacking paired homJike appendages;lamina glabrous above, Figr side J-( 'nllse^ J dq u^\erc srr?qJeel - .I :srl€qurols - )I :sneq ,{le^o - I 'opls :n?c-I:eulIod-H:uolpes ep$ tunlleqel-C uro{ unlloqel-C:luo{ urorJumlleq?l- g:luorJ worJ uunlo, - d:oprs urog uumloo- C iro,{og - B:Jeel qll,r lwld-V SlLg leddoH e S'eell. uperot,|[ oql urorJrrrrosaw oruapoloS Tgunarg

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'u '(.S Dlu"pDlbJ Z:,{Soloprqcrouslprsnv uolse^t roJg d'V T' reddoH 114 Nrlfsid Vol. 14, No. 1/2 (2001) trilobed or triangular,with capitatecalli connateat base,held aloft in 2 convergingrows in a linear, semicircularor horseshoepattem on the perimeterof a callus plate.

I Notes. Caladenia subgenusE/evalce has five species,four endemic to south-westernAustralia, (C. flava, C. marginata Lindl., C. nana and C. reptans) atr.dthe fifth (C. latfolia R. Br.) inboth south- ( westem and south-eastemAustralia and Tasmania, The five speciesshare a distinctive arrangement of connatecalli on an elevatedplate. Otherwisethe flower size and shapeof membercof Caladenia subgenusElevatae alignsthem with the fairy orchids in C. subgen]usCaladenia. lndeed, recent DNA sequencestudies of the Caladenis alliance in the Diurideae (Kores et a/., unpublished)established that thesetwo subgeneraare distinct cladesbasal to the genusas a whole.

Caladenia flava R.Br., Prod. 324 (1810). T1,pe;King Ceorge's Sound,New Holland, fKing George Sound,Westem Au stralial,A. Menziess.n. (lecto: BMI fide Clements(1989; 24); isolecto: BMI E!).

Planlclonal, in looseto denseclumps, rarely solitary.Zea/obliquely ascending, usually downcurved at apex,broadly linear,5*15 cm x 10-15 mm, palegreen on upper surface,green suffused with red on lower surface.Scape I0-30 cm tall. F/owers (1.)2-5,c.2-4 cm across,bright golden yellow or lemon yellow,sometimes with creamyyellow to white apicesto the sepalsand petals, and with prominent lines,spots or irregularmarkings ofbright red,pink or brownish-fawnred; floral odour absent.Sepals and petals stiffly held, Iacking an osmophore, apex shortly acute. DorsaL sepal erect, broadly It lanceolate,1.5-2.5 cm x 7-10 mm, acuminate,with prominentbright red, pink or brownishfawn (r markingsusually centredon a strongme dial line.LateraL sepcls obliquely downcurvedand spreading, pl broadlylanceolate, 2-4 cm x 7-15 mm, acuminate,usually lacking bright red, pink or brownish-fawn D markings.Petals obliquely ascending, spreading, straight, ovate,1.1-2.4 cm x 6-12 mm, acuminate, with prominentbright red, pink or brownishfawn markingsusually centred on a strongmedial line, ar Labellum prominently 3-lobed, golden yellow or lemon yellow, terminating in a creamy yellow to Tt whitestraight horizontally projecting apex, stiffly articulate on aclaw c. 1-1.5mm wide; lamina hastate Fa with laterallobes projecting obliquely forward in outlinewhen flattened,10 15 x 10-13mm, basal Br 1/5 curving from erectto hodzontal, apical 4/5 horizontal exceptfor lateral lobes,margins at widest of point deeplycurved upwards and terminatedby verticallyascending calli; laterallobes acute, with entireproximal margins,distal marginsentire or fimbriate with few linear narrowly capitateobliquely ascendingforward-facing calli to 2 mm long; midlobe rnarginsfimbriate proximally with few linear narrowly capitateobliquely ascendingto horizontalforward facingcallito 3 mm long, becomingentire bri towards acuteapex. Lqmina calli in 3-6 pairs held aloft in a semicircularor horseshoepattem on the go perimeterof a callus plate which is sphericalto oblong when viewed from above,extending about a m€ third the length ofthe lamina,erect to forward-facing,linear, acute, equal in length,to 1.5 mm, golden yellow, broadeningand connateat base.Column'7 10 x 4-5 mm, broadly winged, lacking to lemon Ser auricularlobes, golden to lemon yellow tingedwith green.Anther c.2x 7-\.5 mm, yellow to pale red. lJu yellow. Pollinia c. 1 mm long, aggregatedin 4-7 broadly club-shapedunited segments, Stigma c.2 W: mm wide, yellow-green.Capsale not seen. Rd 00i Distribution and habitct Widespreadthroughout the south-westftom PaynesFind andNenen Nenen bel Stationto IsraeliteBay. Foundin a variety ofhabitats from coastalheathlands, winter-wet swampsand 12i forest areasto inland graniteoutcrops. Soils rangefrom deepsands and sandyclays to heavy latedtic Rd, loams, ooz 29" Flowering period. July to December onI Thc 'O '9,99.9I 'S,ZI.ZS'prog,{g 'propp6 'pU 'pU S'186I lro 9I I 1o16 IIela{uVJo1\i\S ru 008 seuoqJ 'a,tt.911 '5,9y.1g'e,rrrq 1(ZtrOtOOOgtUga)ggtry nddop'q'g' S861deS e dn[BpuoofJoeprs td uo 'g,tO.E 'S, pUJeeU ueoco Jo N ui7 t(9Z6S7ZOOHIag4) Tgggnddoll O S'€861 8nV SZ f t gr.OZ 'uortcunf ',,rreue8ur11 'e]e8uod peordo1 elqel go g ru 697 o1peor 3uole Jo A uq gI :(/6/gtz00 'CSJ) 'g,VL.Vt 'S,I0"82'pU 'pU HJUgd gyggnddoll OS't86I ?nV ft, rseldnuurg uo JI er,rp?ggoguq g g'nuurgJoA\ rut1€t:(9IgZ9Z00IIJdAd 9tggla8rcag'S'V'086I'8nV L'A,qZ.ZZI pr '9,77"E9',{ep '^oN 'ltou)JJnJg,rotaq r1,1goeseq,6q:(g7gy779g 111994) 1g9 a3loa, S:!.'696I 9I ui '696I '3ury 'srlcog :(Z9Z8iZ00HJUgd) 179a8nag S y degg1 o1B-IJo gS drue11e4:(OleOqSOO 'SNVI) 'S861 'A,9t.9II '9,9tr.99 ',{e,,aq8rg HIUAd 0g ozuolD.e T 3nV 6I puulg uro4 pU ',{qe1e3'1p11urpuea:(8€etz600 'alodttl6 urpuea3uo1e g uq tr HJUAd)'u'syrycn43 q'gq6I ^oN 'e>p1 '986I 'A,I0"9II 'S!Zlott z ,{33o9:(etSelSOO HJdAd) /98 ptotlv t I rro It loorqslng 'p 'o^resag Jo S tu{ 8 ernlupsdruu,ng ur,na:VnvUISnV NUglsg.l pautwoxasuauntads patcalag

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Hopper 6234 (PERTH 00907499);Nomalup Rd, oppositeCentre Rd, c. 11.3km S of Muirs Highway, 34'36's, 116'58'E' 26 Oct. 1987, S.D. Hopper 6267 (PERTTI 01190296); Queen Victoria Rock SSw of Coolgardie, 31'18'S, 120'56'E,73 Sep.91, S.D. Hopper 8194a(PER'[H L829262).

Distribution andhabilal. Widespreadthroughoutthe south-west between Gemldton andlsmeliteBay, in avariety ofhabitatsranging from coastalheathlands, woodlands, winter-wet swampsand folest areas to inland granite outcrops. Soils vary from deep sand, sandy-clays and loams to heavy laterite (Figure 33B)

Flowering period. August to December.

NoteJ. A common subspeciesoften found in large numbersin areasof suitablehabitat, Particularly in the seasonfollowing summerfires. It differsfromCaladeniaflavastbsp.maculatc(which haslemon- yellow flowerswith irregularbrown-fawr markings,and its labellumwith 4-8 marginalteeth each side) in its golden-yellowflowers with longitudinal maroonsuffusions and stripesand fewer marginalteeth on the labellum,and from C./ava subsp.sy/vestris it differs in its darkeryellow flowers,lacking awhite apex to the petals and sepals.

Caladeniaflava srbsp./ava often hybri dizesw ith C. latifolia to producean array of colour forms. This hybrid is formally described herein as C. x spectabilis. It also hybridizes with C. nana' C. marginata and C. longicauda, the latter crcss producing the named hybid C. x triangularis.

Caladenia flava R.Br. subsp.maculata Hopper & A.P. Br., subsp.nov.

A subspecietypica flodbus claris citrinis irregulariternotatis maculatis brunneo-hinnuleis differt.

Typus; Kalbarri National Park,30km east-north-eastofKalbarri,300 m south-eastofZ BendCar Park, 27"39'5,\14'z8'E,Westem Australia,24 August 1983,S. D. Hopper3334 (holo: PERTH 00248355; iso;CBG!).

Illustrations.R.D.Fitzgerald, Australian Orchids,Vol. 2, Part 5, 7th plate,right handpaintings (1888, repr. 1979); E. Pelloe,West Australian Orchids,frontispiece colour plate no. 13 (1930); A.S. George & H.E. Foote,Orchids of WestemAustralia, p. 7 upperleft photo (undated);K. Dixon, B. Buirchell & M. Collins (eds), Orchids of WesternAustrulia - cultivation and natural history, front cover (1989); M. Hodgson & R. Paine,Field Guide to Australian Orchids,p. 66 (1989); N. Hoffman & A. Brown, Orchidsof South-WestAustralia,2nd edn.,p. 148 (1992) and rev. 2nd edn.with suppl , p. 148 (1998).

Leaf 5-12 cm long. Sccpe 10-15 cm tall. Dorsal sepal and petols bright lemon yellow with prcminent brownish-fawn spots or irregular markings,usually lacking a strong medial lr\e' Lateral s€palsuniformly lemon yellow, usually lacking brownish-fawn markings.Z abellum lemon yellow;. lateral lobes with distal margins fimbriate; midlobe margins with 4-8 calli each side. (Figure 30M-P)

Selectedspecimens exqmined. WESTERN AUSTRAIIA: Z Bend Gorge, Kalbarri National Park, 27'39'S, 114'28'8, 2l Alug.7984,A. Browz s.n. (PERTH 00929166);North West CoastalHighway, c. 9 km S of the Kalbani-Ajana road, 27'58'5, 1'1'4"41"8,20Aug. 1984,A. Brown s.n. (PERTH '^oN 'A,f9"9II uorlrunf'dnuueNJo1r\Ntd uD{ ZZ :(I9r8t800I{JdAd t-eg7991a3rcag'5'y'2161 Z '9,67.y9 'fu,trqSrg 'lelrg 'S'V'696I IrnI I pueplutrCJo eplsg :(/€6ttz00 Hj-t1E7]ZZL6 aBnag H, 'lcOZI 'elrsu,r\oJptelJurBJreau'leluI e{org:VI-MJSnVNd111sglt1.'paulwDxa suawtcadspalcalag ,t

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'umorg DluapDlDJZ :,{Soloprq.rouerl?rtsnv u.lsoiA d V T iaddoH O S 178 NuytsiaVol. 14, No. 1/2 (2001) of Mowen Rd and JalbarragupRd, 18 km SW of Jarrahwood,33'55'5, 115'33'E, 10 Oct. 1984, S.D. Hopper 4304 (PERTH 00248827);3.4 km S of Bevan Rd on Thompson Rd, S of Lake Muir, t 34'37'5,1.1.6"42'E, 16 Oct. 1986,S.D. Hopper 5749 (PERTH 00860603);24.3 km N along Deeside CoastRd, from ChesapeakeRd, c. 35 km SE of Pemberton,34'36'5, 116'21'E,29 Oct. 1987, S.D. Hopper 63O3(PERTH 01710567);Sutton Rd, 0.8 km W ofjunction with Six Mile Rd, c. 20 km E ofPemberton,34'26'5,1.1.6"1.5'F,,29Oct.7987,5.D. Hopper 6308 (PERTH 01710575);7 km along StewartRd, from Darradup,8 Oct. 1.987,G.J.Keighery 4061 (PERTH 00244503).

Distribution and hebilal. Confinedto the high rainfall southernforests between Bunbury andAlbany, beingespeciallycommon in Kari foreston dark loamy soils. Occasionallyfound colonizingthe trunks of fallen trees.(Figure 33B)

Flowering period. October to December.

Etymology. Named from the Latin sy/vesrrls(pertaining to woods), alluding to its occurrencein the tallestforests of south-westemAustralia.

Not€s. A common plant usually growing as scatteredindividuals or small groupsrather than in large colonies as seen in the other two subspecies.Calatlenia flava subsp.sy/vestris is distinctive in its slenderhabit, tall scapesand pale yellow to white flowers. lt flowers much later than slbsp. maculata and most populationsof subsp.f7avc. Southernforest populationsof subsp./cva reachtheir peak in early October, whereassubsp. sylvestrls peaks in November. Hybrids with Caladenia latifolia and C. nena have been collected.

Caladenia nana Endl.in t ehm.,Pl. Preiss,2: 7 (1846). T/pe. in sandon thewestern flank of Mt Clarence (Albany),Western Australia,5 October 1840, Preiss 2205 (holor W!; iso: W!, G!).

Plant in loose to denseclumps, Leaf erect or horizontally spreading,linear to broadly linear, 5*18 cm x 3-10 rnm, pale green, basal third usually irregularly blotched with red-purple.Jcape 540 crn tall. Flowers 1-6, c. 1-4 cm across,pale pink to rose pink, rarcly white; floral odour sweet, like custard.Sepcls cnd petals stiffly held,broadly lanceolatewith an obtuseapex lacking a tumescent osmophore,abaxial surfaceevenly coveredwith minute capitateglandular hairs.Dorsnl sepal erecl and curving forward closely appressedto column, 0.7-1.7 cm x 2 7 mm. Lateral sepcls united near base,spreading horizontally forward,0.8-2.0 cm x 3-7 mm. Pera,lsspreading horizontally outwards and curving forwards,0.7 1.7cm x 3-6 mm. Labellum prominently3Jobed, white with conspicuous pink blotchesand irregular markings,stiffly articulateon a claw c. 1.5-2 mm wide; lamina lobatein outline when flattened,5-12 x7-12mm, basal1/4 curving from erectto horizontal,apical 3/4 nearly horizontalwith a slight apical downward curvature,margins at widest point deeply cuwed upwards andterminated by vertically ascendingcalli; laterallobes erect, margins entire for mostoftheir length, becomingscarcely fimbriate with oneor two slenderacuminate narrowly linearwhite with pink-tipped calli to 3 mm long which areeven in size (not decrescent)near midlobe; midlobe marginswith narrow forward-facing acuminateor obtuse calli decrescent,often uniting and broader,towards the apex; lamina calli in 2 rows extending at least 1/3 the length of the labellum, pinkish white, columnar- acuminate,the longestc. I mm tall, usually evenin size,sornetimes decrescent towards apex,Column 5 8 x 3-5 mm, scarcelywinged, pale pink. Anther c.2x2mm,pink. Polliniac. 1 mm long,congested Fic in up to 8 globular masses,yellow. Sligma c. 2 mm wide, creamy yellow-green.Capsule not seen. fror 491 A.T Distribution and habitdl. Found betweenPerth and Bremer Bay in well drainedsoils in Jarrahforest M_ and winter-wet flats amongst scatteredpaperbarks (Melaleuca spp.). Flowering of the speciesis frol '{cFl?d 'I's '?!u! ,(q u$s!c od - o :Ipc - d :opls ulorJ uunlot pue umlleq?l - o 1luo4 'eo& urog urtrnloo pus runlleq€l - N llu?ld - N 6SZ u^otg A'V dnuoloX l.li,.otJDantsat) dsqns ,artarc , O-rll :luo{ ruorJuurnloa -.I :oprsI!o{ urDnlor pus uhlloq?l - ){ :tuo{ uro4 ro,$olJ- f :tueld - I us u org dV 'dsq 'C .-I-I '$ec 'I'1 'eeje qllEs,$o.uv oql rrJotl orollloaq s Dtull"4g - H:eSuFJ urnltoqrl - C og - C :lueld - a I6t ldror8,il y'aeje rlnN qE.J eql tuoq,t!ll'l'dsqns b tu'J H-'!i gtttllld - d:epls uloryuunlo. puetunllaqsl-C:luo{ Eo{ ror\ol} - g:luBld-v lts u^org dv'eete dnullurl^l oql ulog sursa.{,{.tdsqns o oII ouapDloJ q-V 8€ anSld F t

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'ur{org 'CS 6LI oluapolD) Z:dSoloprq O u?JFIsnV uJelsaaA dv T reddoH 180 Nr)rsia Vol. 14, No. 1/2 (2001) triggeredby fire. Unburnt populationstypically produceleaves only in spring.

Flowering period. Septemberto November.

Notes. Tl\e statusof this speciesincluding Caladenia unita Fitzg. has been disputed.Reichenbach (1871) consideredC. nana to be conspecific with the earlier named C. reptans. Bentham (1873) followed Reichenbachin "Flora Australiensis". Consequently,Fitzgerald (1.882)named C. unita as a new species,apparently unaware of Endlicher's C. nana. Diels (1903), in a largely overlooked publication (though cited by Pelloe 1930), arguedthat C. ncru was distincl fuom C. reptans.

Tlte name Caladenia unita was appliedwidely this century (e.g. Pelloe 1930; Blackall & Grieve 1954;Erickson 1965; Nicholls 1969;Pocock 1972) until George(1971) argued that C. unita was conspecificwith C. ncrc. This view was followed by Clements(1982), Hoffman & Brown (1984),and Jones(1988), who recognizedonly C. nana. (

(1989: Most recently,Clements 31) reinstatedCaladenia unita as a speciesdistinctfrom C. nana. It In so doing,he may haveexamined types of both taxa(he incorrectlycited a HuegelSwan River tl collection as the type of C. nana). \'lhen reinstatingC. unita he argugd

"This taxon was formerly Iistedas a synonyrnof Caladenianana (GeorgeL971), but the two taxa u are quite distinct.Fitzgerald described both taxabut jllustratedonly one.Fo unatelythe planthe c illustrated is not C. nana but rather the second species.The lectotype has been chosen to fix the applicationof the name to the secondtaxon as it is also clear that most of the descriptionwas based s on it. PlantsofC. ,.nlla aregenerally a much taller(slc) andmore robust, have larger flowers thatexpand fully when open comparedto thosefound in C. nana. The porrect, broaderlabellum has longer side lobes on combs and more pronouncedcalli." i J. 1 We have examined type material of Caladenia nana and C. unita and have studied numerous R populationsofboth taxain thefield. We concurwith Clements(1989) that two taxaare recognizable, 2 and that both are included on the type sheetof C. unito ftom the British Museum (along with three 0 specimensofC. latifolia). We also concurwith Clements(1989) that specimenson this type sheetthat .) mostclosely match Fitzgerald's illustration andprotologue of C. unita matchthe taller andmore robust (i.e. v secondtaxon not C. nana\. 1

AsClementsdidnot indicatewith a det€rminavitslip on thetype collection cxactly which specimen he intendedto choose of denia aslectotype Cal, unita, andthis is not clarified in Clements' text quoted o above,we havechosen the specimenlabelled as the lectotype(determinavit S.D. Hopp er 22F eb.1989). "Caladenia This specimenis directly abovea label that reads unita (Ga:dr. Chron. No. 432) Wilsons F Inlet Westem Australia, R.D. FitzgeraldRec'd. June 1883".The lectotypehas a scape10 cm high to the first flower, with an unopenedbud aboveit. There are six specimensof C. azila on the type sheet (i.e. specimensd-g, l, n = subsp.unila), intermixed with five of C. nana (h k, m = subsp.rara). SI s( Ourfield andherbariumstudies have showIr that while the two taxaare distinct in manypopulations, dr ,here are also many caseswhere this is not so and complete intergradationoccurs. Becauseof this, St subspecificmther than specific rank seemsmore appropriate.

Caledtnic nena issimilar in appearanceto C. reptansarld C. latfolia,fromboth of which it is most readily distinluirhed by its lateral sepalsunited near their bases,and the calli inserteddirectly into lamina surfxce,ir, two or more well spacedor denselyaggregated rows. It also differs in the forward C '^ou ' 10$p quor rg'dvE reddog ( 34rg g) e11un dsqns IpuA EuBusluapelsJ I ( 'oaoyl t 3 qya' f,lleuorseccosezrprrq,{q nuou dsqnsouou otuapolo1

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2-coloured,white or pink with conspicuouspale to dark pink blotches,stripes and irregularmarkings, c with a conspicuouslydark pink apex;stiffly articulateon a claw c. 1 mm wide; lamina lobatein outline when flattened,5-10 mm x 7-10mm, basal1/4curvingfrom erecttohorizontal, apical3/4held straight just below horizontal,rarely with a slight apical downward cuwature, margins at widest point deeply 5 cuwed upwardsand terminatedby vertically ascendinglateral lobes; lateral lobes with entiremargins; Il midlobe margins entire basally, then with 2-8 pairs of narrow forward-facing acuminateor obtuse horizontalcalli decrescent,often uniting and broader,towards the apex,the longestto 1.5 mm; lamina 1 calli in 2 rows extendingat leasta third the lengthofthe labellum,yellowwith red-pinkbases, tapedng, E narrowly pyramidal-acuminate,the longestc. 1 mm tall, slightly decrescenttowards apex.Column 4 6-8 x 2.5-3 mm, scarcelywinged, pale to d,arkpink.Anther c.1.5 x 1.5 mm, paleto darkpink. Pollinia s. c. 1 mm long, congestedin up to 8 globular masses,yellow. StiSmac 1.5 mm wide, creamy yellow- green. Capsule not s€en. 0l fc Distribution and habltal. Aspeciesoccurring from Kalbarri toAugusta andeast to the Mt Raggedarea, B often common in the Jarrahforest and Wandoowoodlands of the adjacentwheatbelt. Favours lateritic Sr soilsand well-drained sands on slopesand hill tops. 0(

Flowering period. July to September. D, w Notes.CaLadenia reptazs hasone of the widest geographicalranges of south-westemorchids and has (F two subspecies.It is often confusedwith C. latifolia,bvt is readily distinguishedby its generallymore inland distribution, its dark pink labellum apexand its usually smallerleaves and few-flowered scapes. FI, It also grows in densely aggregatedclumps unlike the more widely-sPacedscapes in colonies of C. lotifolia. C. reptans flowers best after fire, whereas C. latfolitt will flower well in unbumt Nc communities.The specieshybridizes with C.flava to forrn the often apricot-floweredC. x spectabilis lflt ma Caladeniareptans is also similar to C. ncrrz,but differs in its splayedpetals and sePals,the dorsal sepalheld away from the column, its free lateralsepals (not united at the baseas ln C. nana), and the Ca laterally-splayedarangement and smaller number of labellum marginal calli confined to the apical half of the midlobe. vlrl Key to subspeciesof Colsdenia reptsns Tvt 1. Leavesred-purple undemeath. Flowers dark pink. Labellum white in basal3/4, with few marginalcalli (2-5 eachside of the lamina)...... subsp.reptans 1: Leavesgreen underneath.Flowers pale pink. Labellum pale pink in Illu basal 3/4, with severalmarginal calli (4 8 eachside of the lamina) subsp.impensa Iev.

Calad€nia reptans Lindl. subsp.reptans puf. CaladeniapreissiiEndl.in Lehm.,Pl. Preiss.2:7 (1846).Iype. PrestonCreek, Pefih, WestemAustralia, pale 25 July 1839,Preiss 2208 (holo:'Nl). Sele Illustrations. W. Nicholls, Orchids of Australia"plate 213 (1969); N. Hoffman & A. Brown, Orchids Can of South-WestAustralia, 1st edn, p. 172 (1984); C. Woolcock & D. Woolcock, Australian Terrestrial Parl Orchids,plate 4A (1984);D. Jones,Native OrchidsofAustralia, p. 104(1988);N. Hoffman & A. Brown, s.D. Orchids of South-WestAustralia, 2nd edn,p. 144 (1992) and rev. 2nd edn with suppl.,p. 144 (1998). Distl .Lea/4-8cm long,underside red-purple. S cape to 15 cmtall.Flowers c. 1-2 cm across,predominantly slopr 'snuuol\olo7 'olcoJv ur s11oJC )uud IuuoueN rJJeqle) ur eSro8 .ra,rrguoslqf,Jnl^I eql Jo sedols dp, raddn aq1uo euolspussrelo puus pe.lete^alle^\ol paulJuot ,(puereddy 'toJlqDqpuo uounq!4sle '(s (zozorzooHrusa) gggg oddop '6'9 'u^ '€861 'E.8ZatII 'S,6toZZ 'rueqlex 3nV bZ sljEd l€J pueg Z Jo gS Iu 00€ Jo IINA uq 0€ lled '€86I 'g,ygug7'deu:r3 Ie! FuorleN1-rreqp>I 1(6Zr0tZ00 HJUAd) 6g99pla{uot1'7'y 3nV 6Z'A,Stu711 spl 'pU uosueNuo pd pn4 Supdruggog5 uut € :VI'IVUJS1y NdEISg1tr'pa,lala.oxasuawcads papalag

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Melaleuca openscrub over low scruband tall sedges.There is a singlecollection (R.J.Cranfield 3079, PERTH)ftom alate tic hill top at Cameyon theNanson Rd thatmay be this subspeciesbutneedsfurther I investigation.(Figure 33D) 2 a Flowering period. July to August. Ii

Etymology. Named fromtheLatin impensas(ample, great, large, strong), alluding to the longer leaves I and taller scapesof the subspeciesthan are seenin Caladenia reptans subsp.reptans. o A Notes.Caladeniq reptans subsp.impensa is a raretaxon that hasoften beenconfusedwlth C, latifolia, but differs notably in its fewer-flowered,shorter scapes and its darker pink labelfum apex.C. lat{olia II at Kalbarri is confined to coastallimestone soils, whereasC. reptqns s,Jbsp.izpensa occursfurther 2, inland. Interestingly, C. rcptans stbsp.replczs alsooccurs in Kalbani National Park,but it too is more coastalthan C. reptans subsp.impensa, growing nearKalbarri townsitein palebrown sandin a coastal thicket of Acacia rostellifera,Anthocercis littorea etc. (e.g. S.D. Hopper 5179). fl

Calad.eniareptans subsp.impensa hybridizes with C. /cva subsp,maculata to producean array Str of colour forms from orangethrough to pink. la fil Caladenia subgenusPhlebochilus Phlebochila] (Benth.) Hopper & A.P. Br., Lindleyana 15 (2): [as 2. 12C."126(2OOO). - Caladenia sect.Phlebocrilas Benth.,Fl. Austml. 6; 379 (1873). Type: Caladenia th cairnsianaF. Muell., lectotypefdeHopper & Brown (2000:126). sti x: usuallylonger than 2 cm,held obliquely orvertically downwards or upwards,and backwards, Petals ap rarely c. horizontal.Labellum claw less than 1 mm long (except in Caladenia multiclavia),lacking ob pairedhomJike appendages;lamina glabrous above,3Jobed or triangular,with capitatecalli freeat de base,inserted directly into laminasurface, in twowell spacedrowsordensely aggregated without rows of evident. 1,2 trrr Notes.Caladenia subgenusPhlebochilus has many speciesdistributed across southern Australia, with c. 45in WesternAustralia, and all but three ofthese 45 endemicto thesouth-west. In additionto thespecies treatedbelow, the following speciesbelong to this subspecies:C. multiclavi(tH.G.Reichb.,C. radialis Se, R. Rogers,C. roeiBenth.,C, sigmoideaR. Rogersand C. wanosaA.S. George. '7 1 Ec Bentham (1873) named Caladenia sect.Phlebochilus, and includedjust three species- discoidea.Recent DNA sequencestudies of the Caladenia alliance C. cairnsiana,C. multiclavia andC. Dir show that whilc the first two of thesespecies are related,C. discoidea actually (Kores e1al. unpubl.) the belongsin C. subgenrsCalonema close to C. hoffmanii. Interestingly,the DNA sequencestudies also establishedthat membersof the C. f/a mentosa group (C. chapmanii, C. luteola, C. polychroma) ate more closely related to C. cairnsiana and C. doutchiqe than they are to membersof C. subgenus Calonema s\ch asthe C. patersoniillongicandc complexwith which theyhavebeenplaced traditionally. Etv sho Caladenia stbgenusPhlebochilus thus includesone of the greatradiations of southemAustralian spiderorchids,the Caladenia filamentosc group. The subgenusalsohas diverse other taxa lacking long threadlike petals and sepalsthat are concentratedin south-westemAustralia, with a few such as Not C. curdiochila Tate found on the eastside of the Nullarbor Plain. mel wid Caladenia abbreviata Hopper & A.P. Br., sp.nov. '1suoc qlnos eq1Suols l€lrqsq alqelrnsur pea.rdsaprm 1nqcpe.rods eq o1dnorC uorle^iosuoJ pue fpnlg prqc'l6 a,tJleNuEllerlsnv urelse'1der{l Jo sJeqruaur '(o,t; ,{q sreed luecer ul punoJ ueeq seq sercedss1q ,{1rrorr4)pe1ce11oc ,{pood q8noqqy sa;o,g se

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Nores. This is the more common and widespread of the two subspeciesof Cabdenia bicallietq, characterizedby its larger dichogamousflowers.

Caladenia bicalliata subsp.cleistogama Hopper & A.P. Br., subsp.nov.

A stbsp. bicalliata fTorumpawe et cleistogamoroumdiffert.

Typus: 1,.5miles 12.4kml along William Bay Road from South CoastHighway, 35'01'S, L77"1.I'E, Westem Australia, 2 October 1971,A.S. George 11110 (holo: PERTH 00249149).

Illustretion.N.Hoffman &A. Brown, Orchidsof South-WestAustralia,rev. 2nd ednwith suppl.,p.416 (1998).

F/owers cleistogamous,c. 0.5 cm acrosswhen closed.Dorsal sepal strongly incurved with a horizontalapex, 1.2*1.5 cm x 1.5-2 mm.Z ateral sepalsercctar,d curved forwardwith a hodzontalaPex, 1.2-1..5cm x 1.5-2.5 mm. Petals ercct and curved forward with a horizontal apex, 1.2-1.5 cm x 1.5-2 mm. Labellum articulateon a claw c. 0.5 mm wide; lamina 54 x 4-5 mm. Lamina calli in lO pairs.Column 251mm wide, narrowly winged. (Figure 42A-G)

Distribution and habital. In Westem Australia, confined to coastalareas east of Esperancewith an outlier near William Bay. The subspecieshas also been rccorded from coastal South Australia. (Figure 43B)

Flowering period. August to September.

Notes.Only representedbythe type specimen(Priority One)but alsofrom populationsin theEsperance area.This subspeciesis poorly known and inconspicuous,being the only cleistogamousCaladenia recordedfor WestemAustralia. Its flowers aresmaller than thoseof the nominatesubspecies. and the column more narrowly winged.

Etymology.Named from the Latin c/€islogamus(fertilizedwithin the unopenedflower), alludingto the usually closedflowers of the subspecies.

Cafadenia brevisura Hopper & A.P. Br., sp. nov.

A Caladeniadoutchiae O. Sarg.sepalis lateralibus abbreviatibus 1.5-2.2 cm longis et 3-4 mm latis cum clavis atro-brunneis1-2 mm lonsis differt.

Typus.West Point Rd crossing,Oldfield River, c. 45.5 km eastof Ravensthorpe,33'33'S, 120'33'E, WesternAustralia, 24 September1988, S.D. Hopper 6876 (holo.' PERTH 01 152181;lso: AD).

Illustrations.M. Hodgson& R. Paine,Field guide to AustralianOrchids, p. 78 las Caladeniaroeil (1989);N. Hoffman& A. Brown,Orchids of South-WestAustralia, 2nd edn, p. 135(1992) and tev. 2ndedn with suppl.,p. 135(1998). F B Plant solitaryor in looseclumps. Zeaferect, llnear, 6-12 cm x 4-8 mm, palegreen, basal third fr K usuallyinegularly blotched with red-purple.Scape 15_25 crn lall. Flowers1(2), c. 1-2 cm across, fr predominantlypinkish maroon to paleyellow-green with variablesuffusions, lines and spots of dull 'seuot 'I'd ,{q u^\rrc ?rurlod O :oprsruo{ ulunlor d :luo4 'n urog uunloc O :rtFc eulurelurnllaqel - N :oplsurorJ ulnlleqpl p6uollc.s flpulpnl€uol 1 :eplstuo4 lunllsqel- ) :o^oqeruo{ urnlloqrl peueueu- t 1x.d?Iedos I :tuo{ urorJIeled - H :luo4 tuo{ Iedoslelol?l D :tuo.Uuro4 IedeslEsrop d:epls luorJro.roll - A :luo{ tuo{ ra^\og-o lodecs.r:ddnluoU sll?q J:edEcs t5^tol tuo{ sireq-A 'u 'aru?.t.dsA'el?.I :slu?ld V s tgto\ d. IuId r?eu |JJo!!ow0golslzlrdsqns o1ot11ocqDluaPDloJ Zl ern8rl

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lu,ttorg t!11apDtDCZ:,{Solopqcro uer|"l}snv Ulalsa/l\ dV ? raddoH CS (ror 194 rvlrltsia Vol. 14, No. 1/2 (2001) maroon; floral odour absent. Sepalsand petals stiffly held, linear in basal 2/3; osmophoreshortly cylindrical, tumescent,absent or 1-2 mm long on dorsalsepal, 1-3 mm long on latenl sepals,absent from petals,pink or fawn to yellow, consistingof minute denselypacked globular sessileglandular cells.Dorsal sepalerectto slightly recurved,1.2-2.0 cm x 1.5-2 mm,linear to slightly taperingin basal 2/3, narrowing to an acute apex or osmophorc' Laterql sepals straight, spreading obliquely downwards, 1.5-2.2 cm x 3-4 mm, basal 2/3 narrowly lunate (when flattened)with outer margirs recurved in proximal thid before flattening at a sharp angular point, narrowing abruptly to a filamentousapical third. Petals thrust sharply downward (sometimesobliquely), lineal to somewhat tapering,1.3-1.6 cm x 1.5-2 mm, narrowing to an acuteoften recurvedapex.IcbelLum 3-lobedwrth a tiny apical midlobe, prominently 2-coloured,yellowish-green to pinkish maroon with red to dark brown radiatingstripes, terminating in a uniformly darkmaroonsharply recuwed apex, stiffly articulate on a claw c. 2 mm wide; lamina laterally oval with a small obtuseapex in outline when flattened, 9-11 x 10-14 mm, basal third curving from erect to horizontal, middle third horizontal, apical third horizontalterminating in the last 2-3 mm in a sharplyrecurved apex, margins at widest point scarcely curved upwards at first and then slightly descending;lateral lobes erect to horizontal with entir€ margins; midlobe margins entire. Lamina calli aggregatedin a densecentral band to 2 mm wide extending at least 213 the length of the labellum and stopPingshort of the dark maroon apex, dark purplish maroonwith white base,erect, linear, capitate with a shiny globular head,the longestc. 2 mm tall, slightly decrescenttowards apex. C olumn lV'13 x6-8 mm, broadlywinged, greenish-yellow with maroon blotches.Anther c. 2 x 2 mm, yellow-green. Pollinia c. 15 mm long, yellow. Stigma c. 2-2.5 mn wide, yellow-green.Capszle not seen.(Figure 43)

Selectedspecimens examined. WESTERN AUSTRALIA: GrassPatch, 7 Sep. 1979' A. Brown s.n. (PERTH00238686);4.7 km dueSEofKau Rocks,1 km NWofMt Ney Rd on Kau RocksRd,33"27'S, 1,22"21,'E,5Sep.1984,M.A. Burgman&C. Layman MAB 3496(PERTH 00237760);Fitzgerald River NationalPark,500 m N of HamersleyRiver Bridge on TelegraphRd, 33"23'S, 119"52'E, 3 Oct. 1984' S.D. Hopper 4182 (CBG, PERTH 00240613);wittenoom Hills, 47 km NE of Esperance'33'28'S, 122'08'E,8 Oct. 1985,5.D. Hopper 4684(P8RTTI00844241);N sideofSouth CoastHighway between 'S, Jerramungupand Ravensthorpe, 0.8 km Eof WestRiver Bridge;c 35 km SW ofRavensthorpe,33'41 1,I9'41'F,,24 $ep.1988,S.D. Hopper 6805(PERTH 01667491);Fitzgerald River National Park,NW of EastMt Barrenon PabelupDrive, 34'10'5, 119'25'E, 3 Oct. 90, S.D. Hopper 7873 (PERTH 1829998); 2.5 km S along the SouthernCross-Forrestiana road from the Hyden-Norseman road, W ofLake Cronin,32"27'5,179'45'E,19 Sep.1991, B. Jac,tsorts.z. (PERTH 1828541);Scaddan Rd, E of Esperance-NorsemanHighway, 16 Sep. 1988,4.J.G. Iytlso, 152 (PERTH 00899666).

Distfibution and habilat occurs betweenthe Lake cronin-Ravensthorpearea and IsraeliteBay, with scatteredpopulations found asfar north asNorseman, growing in a rangeofhabitats from shallow soil pocketson graniteoutcrops, to open malleewoodlands and Melalerca thicketson the malgins of salt lakes.Soil rangesfrom deepsand, to clays and granitic loams. (Figure 41C)

Flowering period. August to October.

Etymotogy.Named ftom the Latin brevi- (short) and sara (calf of leg), alluding to the shortenedtips to the sepals.

pale green and yellow flowers often Noles. A scatteredbut often locally common specieswith small F marked with red suffusions.Its nearestallies arc Caladenia doutchiae,from which it differs in its h slightly smallerflowers with short tips to the sepals,generally narrower labellum with a bloaderband t N ofcalli, and its more easterlydistribution, and C. incrassata,from which it differs in its dorsal sepal 'n1rser1 3 i(q u^\BtO Bttrllod- W F - :opls uro{ urunloc - 'I :luo4 ttrolJ ulllnloc - X :lllet - I :apls ruorJ lunllaqsl peuorlces,{1Jeu1pn113uo1 I pr :oprsuro{unlloqel-HfoloqsI!o.gtnnlloqrl-C:eroqdousoPdos-g:[orrruo4le,{rou-A:s4sq,{-I9^o-C:srlsq sl '.tuqld '.dloqlsuo^eu urpN - J -'s.I!BqJ?el - g - Y OlSgraddoq OS' Jo lseo-quouurorJ ,Jt?sr^,rq DuapoPJ €l erll6:d u

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'Z 'u,rotg 'd 'O olutpolD) :dSolopqolo uslplsnv uols6l$ V ? reddoH S Nx)tsid Vol. 14, No. 1/2 (2001) rarely with a small osmophore,its lateml sepalswith smaller clubs, and its more south-easterly distribution.Occasional hybrids occurin the Ravensthorpearea where the distribttions of C. brevisura l and C. d.outchiae overlap. 1 Caladenia bryceana R.S. Rogers, Trans. & Proc. Roy. Soc. SouthAustralia 54: 46 (93O). Type: I Gnowangerup,Westem Australia, 3 September1914,.8. Maclntyre s.n. (holo: AD).

P/ant solitary or in loose clumps.Ieclerect to horizontal, linear, 4-8 cm x 5-12 mm, pale green. Scape 3-70 cm tall. Flowers l(2), c. 1-2 cm across,pale green,sometimes with variable suffusions, lines and spotsof dull maroon to pink; floral odour absent.Sepals and petals stiffly held, lacking an osmophore,apex ob IlJse.Dorsal sepal ercctto slightly incurved,linear,0.8-1.1cm xl5-2mm. Laterql sepdlsstnight, spreadingobliquely downwardsand curving inwardsto meet distally, broadly lunate, J 0.7-1.0 cm x 2-3 mm. Perals thrust sharply downward or spreadingand curved forward, linear, I 0.9-1.1 cm x 1.0-1.5 mm.Labellum3-lobed with a tiny apical midlobe, prominently 2-coloured,pale I green,lacking stripes,terminating in a uniformly dark maroonsharply recurved apex, stifily articulate on a claw c. 1 mm wide; lamina cordatewith a small obtuseapex in outline when flattened, 5-{ x 5-6 mm, basalthird curving ftom erectto horizontal,middle third horizontal,apical third horizontal to downcurvedterminating in the last L mm in a sharplyrecurved apex, margins atwidest point scarcely curved upwards at first and then becoming horizontal; lateral lobes erect to horizontal with entire margins;midlobematgiJ]'s efiiJle. Lamina calli aggregatedin a densecentral continuous ordiscontinuous bandextending at least3/4 the lengthofthe labellum andstopping short ofthe dark maroonapex, erect, dark purplish black (rarely greenor fawn) with a white base,linear, capitatewith a shiny broadly to nanowly globular head,the longest c. 1 mm tall, slightly decrescenttowards apex. Column 7-10 x 5*7 mm, broadly winged,greenish-yellow with maroonblotches.Anther c. L.5 x1.5 mm, yellow-green. Pollinia c. 1 mm long, yellow. Stigma c. 2 mm wide, yellow-green.Capsule not seen.

Distribution. A rarespeciesconfined to two disjunctareasofsouth-west Westem Australia, the northern one betweenNerren Nenen Station and Horrocks and the southernone betweenBoyup Brook and Boxwood Hills.

Flowering period. August to October.

Notes. Caladenia bryceana and C. pachychila are the smallest-floweredspecies of Caladenia in WestemAustralia, and are, consequently,easy to overlook.C. bryceanadiffers from C. roei in its much I smaller flowers, lacking glandular tips to the lateml sepals.Its labellum lamina is mostly greenwith I a dark maroon eglandularapex, unlike the striped lamina with glandular apical margins of C. pachychila.

C. bryceana has two widely disjunct subspecies.

Key to subspeciesof Caladenia bryceana 5 ( 3 1. Calli in a continuousband (always presentin the middle of the labellum lamina),apex broadly globular ...... subsp. bryceana J 1: Calli in a discontinuousband (usually absentfrom the middle of the f labellumlamina), apex nanowly gIobular...... subsp. cracens li fl Rogen subsp.bryceana Caladenia bryceana R.S. k (q1y ern8rg) ueol -,{puesJo puessnoeleclra raqtra sr FoS Je^rUuostqaJnl,^{ eql puPuottBls uouaN uouaN uee^geqslsU (olowun ocnalo|a1y) qsng urooJglslotll JeluIA\uI pu?'s{JoJ.roHpus lJleqPX uee,tdleqslltq ouolselxJl 'totrqoq Iulssoc uo slelcod lros ^\olleqs ur sqJeqpue qleeq ^\ol ls8uorue punog puo uollnqtJtslQ '(0Is€9200 Hruad) Is '096l 'uoldruequop;o 'u's 'y '0861 (auun741c7yld'a deg S :(98919200HIag4) altaqag 3nV0t 'uosrq.rnw:(9II62699glygg) u'suarotg'y'1961'1tg61'erueCrelueg elsls:(/tt90600 HIUAd) ,fguarcq V'LB6L'8nyg1'qceeg slcouoH:VI-MJS1VNdq1sE.l,t;paulwon suautoadspattalag

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Figure 44. A-4. Caladenia bryceana strbsp.bryceana ftom the Boyup Brook area, S,D. Hopper 453E. A - plant; B-flowe4C-labelhmandcolumnfromsid€;D-labelludandcolumnfromftontjE-calli;F-columnftomftont; G - pollinia. H-K. C. bryceana subsp.cracens fiom the Murchison area,A.P Browr 644. H - plant; I - flower fron froDt; J .. labellum and column from side; K - labellun from side. I-Q. c. caesarea si'rbsp.maritima frcfi the Dunsborough arca, S.D. Hopper 4518. L - plant; M - flower ftom front; N - labellum and column from front; O - calli; P - column from front; Q - pollinia. R-V. C caescreasubsp. tdnsiers from the Wilti^ms arca,S.D. Hopper 4620.R-plant;S-labellumandcolumnftomside;T-labellumfringe;U-columnfromfrolt;V-pollinia.Drawn by S.J. Patrick. 'sueturceds edf1o1ca1e'q1'owottlc,Qod'2troauopue'oatosaoc'dsqrsoatsar, JJo o^\1 eerqlere eteq; u 'lr 'sa;o1,r uo ex€l oll1 seqleeqs odf,l eql esneceqperlnber sr za.rzsaDJoruapop) lo uo\ ecgtd,{lo1re1 :l ':eqrue,roy o1lsn8ny pouad Smtaaolg u :l 'sdorolnoelruera reau qlBaqpue spuelpoo,^d,rr\ol ruEl :t 'se^ot? 'slellq€q;o (oulnnsoJon y) 4eoaqsoy slug oopuui[ ruo.rJ a?uu:u ut srnmg stere dn1ea11pue 'ellloc 'uepreluel uollessng eql ol uol8erlsero; eq1qSno.rql 1se,{\ Surpualxa pue 8un,{alqurnqol qlnos sruErtlrd\ruo4 lleql€aq^\u.reqlnos pus uralse.treql q palnqIJlsrp,{llucrpurodg lztryDq puo uounqu1slO

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's^\org-dV DruapDIoJZ:.{Sotoprqiro u?rl?rlsnv u.lsoiA T roddoHCS (r( 200 Nuytsiavol. 14, No. 1/2 (2001) is the left-hand specimen.It bearsa determinavitby K. Domin as"Caladeniafilamentosa R.Br. vzr. luteonigra m".Tbe syntypeofC. caesareaon the ri.ght-handside hasa determinavitby K Domin as "Caladenia filamenlosa R. Br.", and the middle specimenof a red morph of C. polychroma also has "Caladeniq a determinavitby K.Domit as filamentosaR.Br.". Thus, only the left-hand specimenis assigneda varietal epithet by Domin (as var. luteonigro ms., which he changedto var. caesareain publication), and this specimenmatches the protologue.It is the most appropriatelectotype.

The yellow colouration and glistening calll, of Caladenia caesarea s\ggest an affinity with C. elegans,C. luteola andC. xantha. C. caesoreadillers ftom thesethree speciesin its goldenyellow s colourationwith darker maroon to brown stripesand markings. I I Domin (1912) and many subsequentworkers (e.g. George1971.a) regarded caesarea as merely a € variety of Caladeniafilamentosa. Clements & Hopper (in Clements 1989) raised the taxon to fulI "differs speciesstatus, and provided a brief diagnosisas follows: from other taxah rheC' filamentosa complex in its perianth which is yellow with prominentdark brown stripes,the labellum protruding with the apex often only partially recurved, and the labellum margins sparselyserrate and usually downcurved". This diagnosiswe now know appliesto only hvo of the three subspeciesrecognized below.

Key to subspeciesof Celadenia caesarea

1. Labellum apex protruding, often only partially recurved 7 2. Lateral sepals4.5-8 cm long and 3-4.5 mm wide. Petals4.5-6.5 cm long. 0 Labellum12-16 mm long and9-11 mm wide.Wet flatsbetween Tenterdenand Busselton...... subsp.ca€sarea It 2t Lateral sepals2.3-6 cm long and 2-2.5 mm wide. Petals2.5-5 cm long. P Labellum 1G-15 mm long and 6-9 mm wide. Coastalgranites near Dunsborough...... subsp.maritima f 1: I-abellumapex evenly recurved ...... subsp.transiens

Caladenia caesarea(Domin) M. Clements& Hopper subsp.caesarea 0 Illustrations-K.Dixon, B. Buirchell & M. Collins (eds),Orchids of WesternAustralia - cultivation and naturalhistory, colour platel oppositep . 60 las C. filamentosavar. caesareaf(1989); N. Hoffman & s, A. Brown, Orchids of South-WestAustralia, 1st edn, p. 82 las Caladeniafilamentosa Yar.caesareal 4. (1984),2ndedn, p.59 (1992)and rev. 2nd ednwith suppl.,p.59 (1998). 0r

Flowers c.6-7 cm across.Dorsal sepal4-1 .5 cm x2-3 mm, Lateral sepals4.5-7.5 cm x 3-5 mm. Petals4.5-6.5 cm x2-2.5 mm. Labellum lamina 12-16 x9-L1 mm; apicalthird slightly downcurved. (Figure 38M-Q) ls m Selectedspecimens examined. WESTERN AUSTRALIA: 26.9 km S of Jingalup on Kojonup- Franklandroad, 34'09'S, 117'01'8, 17 Oct.1.985,A.Browz 259 (PERTH00905410); Boyup Brook, 72OclI975,E. Chdpnan s.z. (PERTH 00251062);Eside ofFrankland River, MuirHighway,34"29'S, 116"54'E, 2 Nov. 1,977,A.S. George 15015 (PERTH 00251070);Pindalup, Oct. 1926,B.T. Goadby 3497 (PERTH 00251011);2 km SE of TenterdenSiding, Nature Reserve,9 km SSE of Cranbrook, 34"22'5, 177"34'E, 7 Oct. 1983, S.D. Hopper 3497 (CBG, PERTH 00251097); TenterdenNature o( Resewe,E of Tenderden,34'22'S, 11.7"33'E,15 Oct. 1986,S.D. Hopper 5715 (PERTH 01669613); near pole dump opposite radio transmitter, 2-3 miles [3-5 km] W of Wagin, 4 Nov. 1973, :( .sercedsqnseqt ,{q peldncco '(ees .Eo1ow{1g lulrqcq lEseoc aqt ol Surpnlle aq1dq Tlul'ltrot?)snw4rtow ulle I aql uo4 peue1tr Kt 'raqueldeg o1 'poltad Suuanop lsn8ny S 'derolsJepun (ygy ern8rg) snoacuqJequedo ue ur lsero; uedo ur s,tror811,no1pn1 ly.elruer8 uor; f,u,re slrosredeep u sntgluot? snuwolljoloJ lo slelJrql qnJqsesuep ropun punoyaq osle deru 'e1ruer31aaqs dlpuorseccopue uo sle4codpos,r,ro11eqs ur sq:eq pur qluaq,trolls8uoure punoy fllensn sr 'BeJe ',tolpn1teeu lr elslleJnlzNedu3 eq1u1 lseJoJUenJ ut rernno uJeqUoue qlt,tr,rul g lsnf;o e8uer 'p pcrqduSoa8 e :oao etrsqernlepede3 reeu sueleolrueJ8 plseor ol paurJuoJ jolqoq puo uounE4slg 'u

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Figure 45. Dislrjbution m aps.A - CaLa(leniacaesarea strbsp.caesarea. , C caesarea snbsp maritima t ^nd -C. C. cuesareas\tbsp. trc sienst'iB-C cainsiana,C C chapmanii: D cristata. 'erlellsnv 'olooC oloqdyqSu ruolloq gI d uretsertJo sprqcrq A H ? e8roeg g y 1(6961)99 eSed 'uyp4snv 'uoxrq'7y11:(7161) elrsoddoeeleyd uelsed\Jo sprqc:6 (spe) sq11o3 I I,^ld llerlcrrngt g '{coco4 'd'sprq:r:g 0I oloqd'EllerlsnvJospn{rro punor9 yq:(9461)1y punorguDllerlsnv'ou,{ll ( 'slloqcrN'lA '97 'upa :(6961 997a1e1d'ellellsnV Jo splqcro :(996I)g arn8rg) e1e1d puz lso^\ eqlJo 'uos{rr.rg'U '1 'sre,{\ogplrlN 'e^aug 'g sprqrlo :(y961)96 d ue4 uell€Jlsnvuelsoi( ^\or{ 01^\oH T 'sprqc.r6 'oolled'AsuoyotsryI IIE{c€lg A :(096I) 9 o51ale1d rnoyoc eoordsquor; u?rlellsnvtsed\

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(undated);R. Erickson, A. George,N. Marchant & M. Morcombe, Flowen and Plants of Westem Australi4 1stedr, p.68, plate185 (1973);C. Woolcock & D. Woolcock, AustralianTerestrial Orchids, ptate13,A.(1984);D. Jones, Native OrchidsofAustralia, p. 109,top right (1988);M. Hodgson& R. Paine, Field guide to Australian Orchids,p. 59 left (1989); N. Hoffman & A. Brown, Orchidsof South-West Austmlia,1st edn, p. 138(1984), 2nd edn,p. 130(1992) and rev. Znd edn with suppl.,p. 130(1998).

Plant solllary or in densecllmps. .Lealerect, linear, 6-20 cm x 3-6mm, pale green,basal third usually irregularly blotchedwith red-purple.ScaPe 15 30 cm tall. Flowers l(2),c.1cm across,creamy yellow with dark maroon stripes and markings; floral odour absent.Sepals and petals stiffly held, linearJanceolate,shortly constdcted at apex, sparsely glandular adaxially, lacking a tumescent osmophore;glandular hairs elongate,cylindrical. Dorsal sepal ercct and slightly incuwed, 1.5 2.0 cm x 2-3 mm . Lateral sepalsthntst downwards appressed to ovary with apicessplayed slightly outwards, 1.2-1.5 cm x 1.5-3 mm. Pelals thrust downwards appressedto ovary, 1.2-1.5 cm x 7.5-2mm. Labellumcreamy-yellowwith thick darkmaroonradiating stripes, stiffly articulateand held obliquely upwardsabove 45'on a claw 1-2 mm wide; lamina rhomboidalwith roundedentire margins in outline when flattened, 10-16 x 9-12 mm, obscurely 3lobed, erect in basal third, slightly to prominently ascendingwithdowncurved margins in apical2l3, terminatingin a red-maroonV-shaped apicalcallus c. 2 mm long, marginsat widest point moderatelycurved upwards then becoming slightly descending.Lamina calli in 4-"16pairs in 2 rows extendingup to 2/3 the lengthofthe labellum,capitate with creambase and dark maroon irregularly swollen apex,the longestc. 2 mm tall, about the same size throughout, top shiny. Column c. 10-14 x 6-8 mm, broadly winged, pale marcol]. Anther c.2-3x2-3 mm,yellowor greenish-yellow.Pollinia c.2 mm long,yellow. StiSma c.2-2.5 mmwide. Capsule not seen.(Figure 46A-D)

Selectedspecimens eramined.\NESTERN AUSTRALIA: Nighnvell Rd, 12.5km ESEof ChesterPass Rd, 34'13'5, M'22'E, 14 Oct. 1986,A. Brown 466 (PERTH 00928631);Mowen Rd, 33'25'S, I 15'30'E,15 Oct. 1985,A. Brown s.n. (PERTH 00843709); Reserve 2218, NW ofTenterden,34'21'S, L17'33'F,,21 $ep.7977,A.5. George 14953(PERTH 00252530);Boyatup Hill, N side of Esperance, CapeArid National Park-lsraelite Bay highway, 33'44'S, 123"02'8,7 Oct.1982, S.D. Hopper 2517 (PERTH00251585); 0.? km W of Muja PowerStation entrance (SE of Collie),33'27'S, 116"18'E, 19 Oct.7982, S.D. Hopper 2671 (PERTH 00252476);l,netmln-Naturaliste National Park, 8 km NW of Augusta,Jewel Cave turnoff, CavesRd, 34'16'5, 115'06'E, 4 Oct. 1983,S D Hopper 3436 (PERTH 00333972);William Bay NationalPark,3.5 km W ofOceanBeach Road on MooneyValley Rd,8 km SSW ofDenmark, 3 5'01'5,117'21.'F,,7 Ocl1984, S.D. Hopper 4254 (PERTH 00252468);50 km S of Mandurahon the Old CoastRd, 2 km N of PrestonBeach, 32'54'5, li5'13'E, 9 Sep. 1985, S.D. Hopper 4499 (PERTH 00843733).

Distribution and habilat Widespreadbetween Watheroo National Park and Esperancein a ofvariety of habitats ranging from open mallee woodland to denseJanah forest, Peppermintwoodland and coastalheath. Plants do not appearto favour any particular soil type and can be found in deepsandy soils, clay loams and lateritic loams. (Figure 45B)

Flowering period. August to November.

Fi Notes.Cqladenia cairnsiana was previouslyconsidered to be a singlevariable specieswidespread in D inland, coastaland lower south-westWestem Australia. The inland taxon is, however,taxonomically I. pa cairnsiana drffersfrom C. pachychila it its taller distinct and is describedherein as C. chychila.C. flc scapes,its largerdarket-coloured flowers with petalsand lateral sepats clasping the ovary,and itswider A.l by '{r!!ed IS dq u,{erq ?rullod - A luog ruo{ ultlnloc- ll:lllBJ - I:tunlleqq - S luo{ uro+ ra^{og- U'.Neld-O u's u,+rorgdv taJP ql_rurs^roJJveqt rlrorl Dplrc! ap }A-O srorllod - d :luog ojo{ uunlm - O :llpc - N :luo{ uo{ rerllog - 'r{',ttJld-'l'tl ua1'rnaa7o^'S1gu org A VSsIrW,Jro4 otots!rTJ'd{ Brnlod - ) :luo.IJuorJ uurnloc- I :IIsJ - I :a8u:rJ urnlleqel - H fa^oqe urorJ tlnlleq?l - C :perp q8noroqsun( uorJ lueld - C i?ot? srtrslllrA\ruorJ ueld - A il's zdor€, A y'ssele qSnoroqsunopu? srusllll/d eqt 'rJoqltuoudoqx J >l-A luo{ uro{ uurntod-O 'dnuu?N :o^oqruo{ unlloqll -J:opls ruoqroa\og- d ilueld-y'9799 nddo11'6'9 uro{I'urtsu./r,' ouapo1o3 11-t7gtr etn?g

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s. moreroundedlabellumheldatananglewellabovethehorizontal,withaleducedapicalcallus. S V to the north of Esperance Both are pollinated by The two speciesoverlap in distribution only P but experim€nts bait. flowers have confirmed that sexually deceived male thynnid wasps, -r'rsing A crossbetween Coladenia cairnsiana differentpollinators areinvolved (A.P. Brown, unpubtished) 1l C x ericksoniae' andC. fiiifera producesthe named hybrld v 5l CahdeniacairnsianaandC,pachychilaapPeartohavetheirnearestrelativesineastemAustralia' 0i and C tessellatqFitzg' A morc sharingseveral characters with speciessuch is C cardiochila Tate s. distantrelationship may be with C. discoidea from south-westemAustralia- 1,

Caladenia chapmanii Hopper & A.P. Br', sp'nov' D P majoribus et petalis sepalisque A speciebusaliis Caladenia filamentosaRBr' affinibus floribus saeped-istincte marroninis vel mixtis flavidis marroninis differt' JJ

of Boyup Brook' 33"39'5' Typus:26 km east-north-eastof Wilga Siding' 25 km nortt-north-east O0291331:iso: AD' 1i;"30'E, westem Australia, 6 Octob-er1 983,S.D' Hopper 3474(holo: PERTH CBG, K, MEL, NSW,PERTH 00291323), E k1 (large-flowered I llustrations.w.N\cholls, orchids ofAustralia, plate258a I asCaladenia filamezlosa lr specimenfromWesternAustralia)l(1969);K.W.Dixon,B'J'Buirchell&M'TCollins(eds)Orchids Orchid (Caladenia species)](1989); oi WesternAustralia, Plateb 2 oppositepage 60 [as Tambellup N'Hoffman&A.Blown,orchidsofSouth-westAustralia,2ndedn,p.42(1992)andlev'2ndednwith P, suppl.,p. 42 (1998). to tc palegreen' basal Pldr, solitaryor in looseto denseclump s. Leaf erccLlircat,15-20 cm x 2-5 mm' cm across' third usually irregularlyblotched with re d-purple.Scape 2045 cmtall' F lowers 14, c 6-12 maroon;floral odour faint, like burning metal. rich maroonor yillow (rarely cream)with suffusionsof ol Sepalsandpetals|ax,linearJanceolateinbasall/5_1/4,thenabruptlynarrowingtoadarkmaroon Sr osmophore;glandular hairs denselyglandular long-acuminatefilamentous apex lacking a tumescent C incuwed, 7'5-14 cm x 3-5 mm' elongaielcylindrical.borsal sepal ercctand slightly to prominently th near Late-ratieials spreadingdownward, becoming pendulous,7 5-14 cmx 3-6 mm Pela/sspreading thick darkmaroon base,thenabrupily downcuwed andpendulous, 5.5_13 cm x 2-4 mm.Labellumwith radiatingtines.onacreamy-yellowbackground,Stifflyarticulateonaclawc.2mmwide;lamina c( when f'lattened,14-22 x 12-15 mm, obscurely to plominently 3lobed, ercct rhomboi-idalin outline ln in basal third, nearly horizontal in middle third, apicat third sharply recurved, with entire margins it! marginsatwides-tpointmodemtelycurvedupwardsandterminatedbyobliquelyaScendingcalli,distal Lamina marlins dentatewith white-tippedbroad truncatemarginal calli decrescenttowards the apex. red suffusions, calliin 7-18 pairsin 2 rows extendingat leasthalfthe lengthofthe labellum,cream with Column sc narrowly anvil-shaped, the longest c. 2 mm tall, decr€scent distally hirsutewith st 1O_16x Lg mm, narrowly winged, opaquecreamy_yellow with a marcon tinge, sparsely yellow or greenish- dark glandutartrichomes ispecially on the centralridge Az ther c' 34 x 34 mn' 46E-K) yelloix.Pollinia c- 3 mm long, yellow. Stigma c.34 mm wide Capsule not seen'(Figure c M 0 Selected.specimensexamined.WESTERNAUSTRAIIA:26kmENEofWilga,33'39'5'116'30'E' km Nw of 2 Oct. 1\i84, E. Chapman s r. a,b,d,e,(AD, CANB, K, MEL, PERTH 0025591'2);2 5Oct 1983' Dunsboroughon CapeNaturaliste Rd, 9 km SE of CapeNaturaliste, 33'35'S' 115'05'E '(rrrssoro 'OV 'u's 'g'g '9761 'lrlrlstq IIJUEd . os? :o/otq) uosdwrg raqueldeS g 1'€rleJlsnvurelse,16 uoslqclnl l '?ur1r1a1:adtl'(g76y) 'sreSoU LEf ILl ollousnvLtinog'co5'(oy cot45> sur{ S U BletsgJ EluapBlBJ

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Illustrations. K. Dixon, B. Buirchell & M. Collins (eds),Orchids of Westem Australia - cultivation andNatural History, rearcover (1989);N. Hoffman & A. Brown, Orchidsof South-WestAustralia,2nd edn,p. 732 (1992) and rev. 2nd edn with suppl.,p. 132 (1998).

Plantsolitary or in denseclumps.Zezferect,linear, 8-15 cm x c. 4mm, palegreen, basalthird usually irregularly blotchedwith red-purple.Scape 18-30 cm tall. Flowers 1.(2),c. 1-2 cm across,yellowish greenwith prominentdark burgundyred-maroon markings and suffusions;floral odour absent.Sepcls andpetals stiffly held, finely acuminate,lacking an osmophore.Dorsal sepal erectto slightly incurved, linear,1.6-2.2 cmx1.5-2mm. Lateral sepalsfalcate when fl attened"7.6-2.2 cm x 3-4 mm, linear in basal 2/3 in life due to recurved outer margins, narrowing abruptly beyond point whers marginal recuryaturcceases, torminating in a finely acuminateapical third, spreadingobliquely to vefiically downwards. Petals splayed downwards and backwards with coiled apices, Iinear, 1.2-1.5cm x 1.5-2 mm.Labellarn prominently 3-lobed with a tiny apicalmidlobe, prominently to inconspicuously2-coloured, yellowish-green to burgundy with inconspicuousburgundy radiating stripes,terminating in a uniformly dark maroon sharply recurvedapex, stiffly articulateon a claw c. 1.5 mm wide; laminabroadly cordatewith a small obtuseapex in outlinewhen flattened,6-8 x 7 9 mm, basal third curving ftom erectto horizontal,rniddle third horizontal, apical third horizontal to downcurved terminating in the last 2 mm in a sharply recurved apex, margins at widest point moderatelycurved upwards then becoming slightly descending; lateral lobes erect to horizontalwith entire margins; midlobe margins entfte, Lamina calLi aggregatedin a densecentral continuousband extendingat least3/4 the lengthof the labellumand stopping at thedark maroon apex, dark purplish black (rarelygreen or fawn) with a paleburgundy base, erect, linear, capitate with a shinybroadly globularhead, the longest c. 2 mm tall.Column'7-8 x 5-6 mm,broadly winged, greenish-yellow with burgundysuffusion s. Anther c. 2 x 2 mm, yellow-green.PolLinia c. 1.5mm long,yellow. Stigma c.2 mm wide, yellow-greer. Capsule nol seen.(Figure 46L-P)

Selectedspecimens examined. WESTERN AUSTRALIA: S side of junction of Miling West Rd and WatheroeMilingroad, 1.5krnWof Miling,30'30'S,116'21'E,20Sep.86,A.P Brown&5. van Leeuwen41.4 (PERT H 03314014);400mN ofWhitewellRdon S sideofnew fence,2.7 km S ofBallidu- Bindi Bindi road,15 Sep.90, M Collinss.n. (PERTH 1170023).

Distribution and habilat Known from scatteredpopulations between Pithara and Coorow, growing on slight risesabove winter-wet, sometimessaline flats. Associated vegetation is often York Gum low woodfands with Melaleuca cardiophylla, M. uncinata shrub thickets, with sandy-loam soils. (Figure45D)

Flowering period. Septemberto October.

Noles. Following its initial discoverynear Pithara in 1923,this elusivespecies was not seenagain until 1986,when memtrersof the Westem Australian Native Orchid Study and ConservationGroup found it growing on slight rises abovesaline flats west of Miling. Some nine yearsprior to this (1977), an orchid closelyresemblingCaladenia crisla/a was discoveredon privatefarmland nearSalmon Gums. At the time it was thoughtto be typical C. crisla/a, but it is now known to be a new speciesdescribed herein as C. voiglii. The Australian Orchid Foundationpaid for fencing to protect the first site where "Cristata C voiglii was collected,and the areawas named Compound".

Caladenia cristata differs from C. voiglii in its slightly smaller more darkly marked flowers, its cordatelabellum with narrow globular tippedcalli that arefree to the base;and its more northerlyrange of distribution. 's,tz.rf Ia^ru {rotrol,,{ :(ttsttzoo HJuad'c€Ic) 7669nddog os't86I 8nY t€'9,80.9tt 'pU 'lseroC drEpunog urequoN uo pU spuelplt{ eql Jo A u)t Z / elels rEuIInf :(0t6r1.200 HJUgd 'a'3;ga) 'A, 'S,0t.62 'peor glgg oddoll 6r S't86I 3nV 9Z SZ.9I I .teue3ur41-eqqeeuE3uole peor '!t,€0.9t 'S.Z0.lE s8urrdgaa.rq1;o 1,1uq 0I :(8062200 HJUS6) ggly p1a1luot17 U'e86 t des /l [ 'ercroN 'V '996I ,reN o1puor uo]equnSohl Jo A uD{ 8 0 :(S1966800IIJUAd ? s uosnol) ta} I 'g,9S.9II 'S,tZ.I€'ur8urg;o g uq 9 e',{narq8rgpuerg eql uogou.rnl ur8urg l(91/00600 HJUgd) 66I 'A,90.9I 'S,60.0€'peor ua naaTuDA'ST'utrotg'y'9961'?ng6 f peeHuear0-,1 .orooJ pue peor,{Eg ueunfuae^laq5{e o;o eprs51uo d11n9lleqsol{roJ:(t68rr7gg 111994) u'saarotg y'pg61 Eny 61 'durrqBql puerg;o 161snfro,r1gqlrus,r,rouv:\;lTyurSnv Nu a1;sal$'paurwDxasuawlrads papaps

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'(SOO1) d "lddns qt1.tupe puz Aerpu? I SS I (9661)99 d'upe pug'0rl€rlsnvlsoi&-qlnosJosprqJrO'u.l.rorg V?8 ueuJJoH N:(pelepun)fosoluawol{ 'er1e4snv 'e1oog I oruapolo1sejo1ot1dtq8rr dot g d ulelsel Jo sprqcrg g g ry e3:oe9 S V :(686I) Ii 'erTurlsnv 'uoxrq I e8edelrsoddo e a1e1d urelsald;o sprqcrg (spe)surlloJ J W ? Ileqcrrng t g l[ ) 'erlBItsnV '1coco4 'suoqortsnl\ ] :(ZL6l) lDsowawo\{ oruapoloS sell6I oloqd Jo sprqrlo punorC 141 .: 6 '(t]jwo1 nuaunp c '3 '7 '(pelpu8lsapar 'ry s1r1c1qu)7py puoutuntq adflu[.s pepnlcxool se lou aJeq') . o7ca1)'us au1K1t1 're^ru uz,\,\s. adtrJ tLou'u,ts'd d (9791) Igg :9 IEIISnV IC' qlu"g,^uallod'N^ Dso|uawol{otuapo|o) ^ ll '(iD'il^Ig:opapv:(141 :146y)e8roeg ap{'1-51:ottal u s puowaruO f' 6t81'[equrlsny u:e1se16] u 're.ug '(1791)99 uu,tr5.adr(.; ryazuo[4 ?s[S rrlag"qqrreu g'11(1pur1)ololntttuap nttosouawol{ ,I owapqoS- (gyg1) r11'puaddyre,tg ue llLg:97-1 8ay rcg s.ptotpqul lplrrlrlslnJlluap BluapBIBJ "rj q 'suoqelndod lsoru o1 pesodf11ur1es Sursu Jo teeJqleql Jo esneJeq ,( perolruoruSureq 11ps sJ lnq g66I ul erolCaleg peJelcepJoelnpeqcs eql ruo4 pe^ouJar se/^otDJSrn ) 'dpuenbesuoo'puu'ooraql€d\JBeu seNaseJ eJnluu uotaJe pozlTetol B ur sreqrunu e8rel;o ecueunccoeq1 peqsllqutsoI66I ur s,{e^ins'Ja^e^oH'(0661 Tzra raddog) s:ee,{aruos rol erolg el€d sBperelcep se,,r '9961 puu ur &a.rocsrpers1r 3ur,ro11o; pare8uepug dlpoqu3 eq o1lq8noql se,r zriotsrto oruapolo)

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Bridge on Goomalling-Calingiri road, 31'13'5, 116'44'E, 25 Sep 1984,S.D. Hopper 4163 (PERTH 00277479);6.7 knN of Waroonaon Armadale-Bunbury highway,32'48'S, 115'54'E, 17 Sep.1985' S.D. Hopper 4603 (CBG, K, PERTH 00910694); Gunyidi-Wubin road, 2.7 km W of Masons Rd, 30'08'S,116'14'E, 23 Arg.1988,S.D. Hopper6500 (PERTH 00858838);Monk's Well Gully,1.5 km E of Mount Rup€rtStation in the WonganHills,30"47'5, 116'38'8, 13 Sep.1987,KF Kenneally 10588 (PERTH 01219979).

Distribution and habitaL Widespreadbetween Lake Moole and Yarloop in a wide rangeof habitats from Wandoo and York Gum woodland to granitic areasin Jarrahforest and moist marginsofwinter- wet swamps.Soils rangefrom clay-loam to deepsand. (Figure 47A)

Flowering period. Septemberto October.

Lectotypification,Caladenia filamentosa var. pallenshasbeeninterpreted either as a synonymof the specieswe recognize asc. denticulota(George 1971) or asa synonymofc. dorrienii (clements 1989).

"Flowers The protologueof Caladenia filamentosa var.pallens readsas follows: apparentlypink, the points of the sepalsnot so long nor so fine as in the ordinary C, filamentosa' - Swan River, Drummond, n. 442, Mylne." (Bentham 1873: 381).

George (1971) correctly consideredCalsdenia frlomentosa var' pallens to be a synonym of C. denticulata,bfi incorrectly lectotypified the taxon on the Dr ummond.442 collection,a choice of lectotypesupported by Clements(1989). We have examinedboth collectionscited by Bentham Q)rummontl442 andMylne s.n.), and considerthat the Mylne collection providesa bettermatch with the protologue.

'fhe Drummond 442 sheetcomprises 8 specimens,all with cream (not pink) flowers, and finely acuminate(as in other CaLadeniafilamer,/osc complex taxa) petalsand sepalsto 30 mm long. In our view, and that of M. Clements(determinavit slip dated13 June1983), these plants are all C. dorrienii, -ft\ey not C, denticulata, do not match the protologueabove for C. filamentosa var' pallens in two of "flowers "points the threecharacters given (i.e. apparentlypink", and of the sepalsnot . so fine asin the ordinary C. filamentosa.").

The Mylne sheet,on the other hand, is a much better match with the protologue. It hai five specimens,threewith flowers,two yellow andone apparently pink, andall clearlywith petalsand sepals brokenoff to a lengthof 15-20 mm, giving the appearanceof th icker apicesthan normalfor Caladenia fllamentosa complextaxa. In ourview, theseare damaged sp ecimens of C. denticzlcra,showing typical colour variation for this speciesfrom yellowish through to pink-maroon.

The clear mismatch of charactersof the Drummond 442 specimenswith the protologuecalls fol relectotypification of Cqladenia filamentosa var. pallens, and the Mylne collection is therefore nominatedabove as the lectotype.

Notes.The identity of this specieshas been confused and misinterpletedby many authors,including ourselves.When he first describedCalc denia denticulatL,Lindley (1840) did not provide diagnostic characten sufficient to discriminate the speciesfrcm many other members of the C, filamentosa complex. Indeed, despiteseveral differences between C. denticulata and C filfera in labellum and tepalsize, shape and structure,Lindley identified only colour differenceswhen he namedboth species 'flowers in the same publication (i.e. purple' for C. filifera;'flowers yellow' for C denticulata) 'dol1pnol - J- (f :uialr.top ) ):o!p!w!p 2- A:olqnruuap DtuapolDJ V sd?tu uo.lnqulsro /t crn8ll

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Reichenbach(1871) regarded C. denticulata as a vadety of C. filamentosa, but again did not adequatelydiagnose the two taxa.

Bentham(1873) subsequentlysynonymrzed Caladenia denticulata under C. filamentosa wltho\lt comment,being more concemedat the time with counteringF. Mueller's assertionthatC, flamentosa and C, patersonii were conspecific, rather than entefiaining the prospect that these taxa may each comprise many species themselves. Bentham's view that C, denticulate was a synonym of C. filamentosa was followed by subsequentauthors (e.g. Pelloe 1930; Nicholls 1969) until George (1971) followed Reichenbachin recognisingderticuLata as a yari.etyof C. filamentosa. George did not describethe taxonnor provide a key to the varietiesofC. f lamentosahe rcco9nised.Subsequently, George & Foote (undated)illustrated C. denticulata under the name C flamentosa.

Hoffman & Brown (1984),following George's(1971) treatment and concept, as shown by annotated collectionsat the WesternAustralian Herbarium, usedCala denia filamentostt var. dcnticuktta in lhe broad senseto cover many membersof the C. filamentosa complexin WesternAustralia. The photo usedto illustrate var. denticulata (on p.80) rs of C. dimidia. I

Clements(1985), quoting unpublishedresearch results obtained then by Hopper, reinstated I I Caladenia denticulata as a full species. t a Rye (1987), on our advice, also treatedCaladenia denticulata as a full species,but provided a general description and discussion suggesting that C, denticulata was 'extremely variable' and 'widespread', S with thetypical variant having 'somewhat larger perianth segments' than another variant t (thetaxon we describebelow asC. hiemalis). Atthelime this work was drafted(1984), we hadnot seen t the type collection of C. denticuLataand had wrongly inferred it to be what we now recognizeas f C. vulgata, tl b Like Rye (1987) and Clements (1985), Jones(1988) consideredCalqdenia denticulata to be a d speciesbut usedthe name in thebroad sense to covermost taxa inthe C,filamentosa complex in Western fl Australia. His colour illustration (p. 113) is of C polychroma, nol C. denticulato sens.str. d S Clements (1989), after study of the types, again recognizedCaladenia denticulota, but cited o Hoffrnan& Brown's (1984)photo of C. dimidia as an illustration. Brown (1989) provided the first 0 published correctly labelled illustration of C. denticulata since the original drawing preparedfor Lindley's description. s E On examination of the type collection (especiallythe lectotype of Caledenia denticulatq) the o identity of the taxon is now clear, and is describedabove. 3 5 Caladeniadenticulala is a locally common but patchily distributedspecies, ranging ftom Yarloop N north to the Lake Moore area.It often grows in moist sitesin Wandoo or York Gum woodlands.It is 4. probablyfrom this habitatthat itwas first collectedby Drummondduringhis regulartrips between Perth 0 lnd his farm l1a"/ftornden nearToodyay. C. denticulata is similar to C polychroma, dlffering in its s. rtarrowerpaler-coloured labellum with narrow well-spacedlabellum teeth,and the archingpetals and 1 lateral sepalswith a pendulousapex. C. denticulqta sometimesgrows with C. vulgatq, but the latter M differs in iis relatively broader Iabellum with a less erect basal lamina, its broader more crowded R marginal caili, ;rndpaler longer petals and lateral sepals. D R elrue:8o1 luacufpe qnrcs puu eelleru ul uogo'sllos,{ueoy uo srnccg ecueledsgpue ed:oqlsue,teg JEouollleq]€aq,reqt qSnorql spre,trlseo-qlnos putg seu,{e4reou tuo4 spuelxg trrlqDq puo uounqu$re

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Figure 49 A--F. Caladeniadorrienii from the Franklandarea, A.P. Blown s.n. A - plant from ftont and sidej B - flower Cr from ftont; C- labellum and column from side; D - calli; E - column ftom ftont; F - pollinia. G-L. C. doutchiae tuon] AT - - - - w€st of Camamah,,4.P Drown s.n. G plant; H flower; I labellum and columo from above;J Iabellum and column a from side; K - column ftom front; L - pollinia. M-R. C. evanescensfrom Peaceful Bay, R, Bates 4454. M - plant; N-flower; O - labellumand columl ftom side;P - labellumfringe; Q - calli; R-column frcm ftont.9-W. c. eritit subsp.edlrr ftom north-eastof Watheroo,A.P Brown s.n. S - plant; T - flower; U - Iabellumfringe; V - calli; W - columnftom front. Drawn by S.J.Patdck. 'u,l.r.org'V '6 'spqcro Jo splqf,ro T u?ruJJoHN :(t86I) Zg t 1g 6 e8td e1e1d lelllseueJuellurlsnv ')trorlood|C 'PIIsttsnVJo T,{corlooi[ J :(ZZ6I)/E oloqd spII{rrOpunoJC 5lroco4 9t1:(6961)lraot :r 'slloqarN oruapololselq'fl'1'(sremog o,tl uolyoq)etr97 a1e1d'uyulsnvJo spqcro ld suolJorsnl :r u '(ryg 'H'O '7'6 'erlerlsnv ;osr:6799tr919 gaag; :o1oq)77g watuog xe qqno1 t6I raqrueldes u 'Suruuele1 'eugtlsd ''8:eg uJelsaid lsee :adfi'(.1761) gLL 169loq 7 6 aulqJlnopBluapBlBJ

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South-WestAustralia,2nd edn, p. 136(1992) and rev. 2nd ednwith suppl.,p. 136(1998).

Plant solitary or in loose clumps.Ieal erect, linear, 5-15 cm x 3-8 mm, pale green,basal third usually irregularly blotchedwith red-purple.Scape 5-30 cm tall. Flowers 1, very rarely 2, c. 1-3 cm across,predominantly pale yellow-greento pinkish maroonwith variable suffusionsand lines ofdull maroon; floral odour absent.Sepals andpercls stiffly held with an osmophorepresent only on lateral sepals.Dorsal sepal erectto slightly recurved,1.8-3.0 cm x 2-2.5 mm, linear to slightly taperingin basal 213, nanowing to an acute apex.Lateral sepab straight, spreading obliquely downwards, 1.8-3.0 cm x 4-7 mm, basal half nanowly lunate (when flattened) with outer margins recurvedin proximal third beforeflattening at a sharpangularpoint, narrowing abruptlyto an elongatefilamentous apical half terminatingin a shortly cylindrical tumescentpink or fawn to yellow osmophore1-4 mm long, consisting of minute densely packed globular sessileglandular cells. Petals thrust sharply downward(sometimes obliquely), linear to somewhattaperin g,1.2-2.3 cmx 1.5-3mm, narrowingto an acute often recurved apex. Labellum &-12 x 11-17 mm, 3-lobed with a tiny apical midlobe, prominently2-coloured, yellowish-green to pinkishmaroon with redto darkbrown radiating stdpes, terminatingin a uniformly dark maroonsharply recurved apex, stiffly afiiculateon a claw c. I mm wide; laminalaterally oval with a smallobtuse apex in outlinewhen flattened, basal third curving from erect tohorizontal,middlethird horizontal, apical third horizontal terminating in thelast2-3 mm inasharyly recurvedapex, margins at widest point scarcely curved upwards and terminated by slightlydescending margins;lateral lobes erect to horizontalwith entiremargins; midlobe margins entire. Laminacalli aggregatedin a densecentral band band to 1 mm wide extendingat least2/3 thelength ofthe labellum andstopping short ofthe dark maroon apex, dark purplish maroon with apale base, erect,linear, capitate i with a shiny globularhead, the longestc, 1.5 mm tall, slightly decrescenttowards apex. Column 10 13 x 4-7 mm, broadlywinged, greenish-yellow with maroonblotches. Anlr€r c.2-2.5 x 2.5 mm, yellow-green.Pol/l nia c. 2 mmlong,yellow.Stigma c,2.5 mm wide,yellow-green. Capsule not seen. I (Figure 49G*L) I I Selectedspecimens examinetl. WESTERN AUSTRALIA: Eneabba-Carnamahroad, just S of Yarra t YarraLakes, 19Aug. 1984,,4.Browns.n. (PERTH 00238171); 400 m N of Bullaring-Pingellyroad a on BulyeeRd,32'31'S, 11'7"31'E,7Sep. 1984, S.D. Hopper 4129(PERTII 00240591);W bankof u Mortlock River,39.5 km NE ofToodyay on roadto Goomalling,31'21'S, L16"46'8,25 Sep.1984, e S.D.Hopper 4"161(PERTH 00241 148); Lake Chinocup,33"32'5,118"24'E,2Oct.1984, S.D. Hopper p ( 4175(PERTH 00240605); Mason's Rd, 15.5km N ofCarotWell Rd,30'08'S,1 l6'16'8,23 Aug. 1988, S.D.Hopper 6494(PERTH 01190318 CBC);2 km S ofCamelSoak,29"24'S, 116'37'E,2tt Aug. 1988, S.D. Hopper 6566 (AD, CBG, K, MEL, PERTH 01190393); Southem Cross-Hatters Hill road, v c. 5.3km S ofthe Hyden-Norsemanroad, 32'31'S, 119'47'E,29 Sep.1988, S.D. Hopper 6884 (CBG, PERTH 01176137);8 km ENE along Borden-BremerBay road from Boxwood Hill,34"22'5, s 118'45'E, 1 Oct. 1985,R.Peakall0056 (PERTH 00561037). R

Distribution an(l habilar. Widespreadthroughout the wheatbeltbetween Ceraldton, Paynes Find and the Ravensthorpearea. Occurs in malleewoodlands and shrublands,pafticularly surroundingsalt flats lo and lakes,and on inland graniteoutcrops. (Figure 47 D)

Flowering period. August to Octobcr. El Nole.r. A common widespreadspecies found throughout the central and westem wheatbelt. lt was fil previously thought to be a single variable speciesbut is now known to consist of three species (Caladenia brevisura,C. doutchiae andC. fucrcssclrz)which overlap in their distributionsonly along C. sel 'slBdas sp:e,nr.o1raqgn; SurpuelxerlleJ leJluecpue sururelFseq luEerf,e qtJ.^dlunll?qBl Jelluuls sll pu0 puesle1ed ropoqs ,{y1ereue8 qtr,n sre,,ra.og p1eq ,{g;r1s erour repeoJq sll uI sJeJJlp1t qa:l1trl.:oor!'DDIry{ ) 01parlle sr lI s066I ,{1rceaqt u1peprocar 1s:g selceds u,nou1 ,{pood u st azrszpunpuuapoloJ saloN S1 'uorlualleJno ol sercedseq1 ,trerp lsrg st '(-1961) oq^\ tsBrsnqtueprqJJo uee{ puetsrue IBcrurloq sepun(IEIcIJled JeU? uo 4pawu11 t3o1owt1g

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E4tmology.Named from the Lalin elegans(elegant) alluding to the attractiveflowers of this species. ly'otes.This speciescunently is declaredas Rare Flora. Its nearestrelative appearsto be Cqladenis luteola, fromwhich it differs in its longer lateral sepalsand petalsstiffly held nearthe basewith a lax apex,and its usually cream somewhatshorter labellum lamina.

Caladenia elegansoccurs with the common andwidespread C. vulgata. Although the two species often grow neareachother,C. elegans differs in havingbright lemonyellow flowerswith thecalliglossy on top, a wet clay h abitat(C. vulSqto grows in well drained soils further upslope),and a marginally earlier flowering period.

Calad€nia eryihrochila Hopper & A.P.Br., sp.nov.

ACaladenia pulchra Hopper &A.P. Br. floribus brevioribussemper marroninis, sepalis lateralibus 4.5-5 cm longis,labello 5.5-6 mm longo,2.5-3mm latisdiffert.

?ypasrSouthfield Rd, 27 km from Mordalup Rd, WesternAustralia, 7 October 1995, W.J aclcson354 (ho lo : PERTH O41227 72).

I llustration.N.Hoffman& A. Brown,Orchids of South-WestAustralia, rev. 2nd edn with suppl.,p.418 (ree8).

P/azl solitaryor in smallclumps. Lea/erect, linear, 7-8.5 cm x 2-2.5 mm, palegrecn, basal third usuafly irregufarly blotchedwith red-purple.Scape 2O 25 cm tall. Flowers 1 or 2, c. 5-6 cm across, uniformly blood red; floral odour faint, like burning metal.Sepals and petals stiffly held basallywith a lax apex,linear-lanceolate in basal1/4-113; then abruptly narrowing to a denselyglandular long- acuminatefilamentous apex lacking a tumescentosmophore; glandular hairs elongate, cylindrical. Dorsal sepal erect and slightly incurved,3.5-4 cm x c. 1.5 mm. Lateral sepals spreadingobliquely downwards,4.5-5cm x c. 1.5 mm. Pelclsobliquely ascending to spreadingobliquely downwards, 3-3.5 cm x c. 1.5mm. LabelLumblood red, stiffly articulateon a clawc. 0.5 mm wide; laminalinear- rhomboidalto t angularin outlinewhen flattened,5.5-6x 2.5-3 mm, obscurely3-lobed, erect with entire margins in basalthird, nearly horizontal in middle third, apical third sharply recurved,margins at widest point scarcelycurved upwardsand terminatedby slightly ascendingmargins and horizontal calli, distal margins serrate-dentatewith truncateto triangularforwardly uncinateblood red marginal calli, decrescenttowards the apex. Laminq calli in7-10 pails in 2 rows extendingabout 4/5 the length of the labellum, cream,dull on top, broadly anvil-shaped,the longestc. 1 mm tall, slightly decresc€nt distally. Column c.5 x 2 mm, narrowly winged, blood red, sparselyhirsute with short glandularhairs on outer surface.An ther c. 1 x 1mm, blood-red.Pollinia c. 7 mm long, yellow. Stigma c. I mm wide. Capsule not seen.

Distribution and habitat. Apparently confined to an arca north-westof Lake Muir, growing in well drainedlateritic soils under scatteredJarrah. (Figure 51C)

Flowering period. Late Septemberto early October.

Etymology.Named from the Greekeryrh ro (red) ar:dchila (lip), alluding to the striking and uniformly coloured blood-red labellum.

Notes.Caladenia erythrochilais ararespecies(Priority Two) first recordedby foresterHarry Winfield (g-6167 orn?rg) 'uaesloua1nsdo3'eprttrww '3uo1ruru 9 71 c ow34g ,r.o1yad 7 c oru41o4 ll.o11etr-rqsruea:8.ro,ro11e,{ 'wwtAxE-Xl Drgry'e8pu pryueceql so dllelcedseseruoqcrrl re1npuu13 ryep qtr,tralnsrrq {yes:eds 'seqJlolq 'pe8ur,tr 'ruru '2 '1p1 peJqlr,,rr,trolef dueerc dl.,norreu tr x 91 uwryo) ,(11u1srpgueosercep 'poduqsl.tuu 'a1q,t 'urnyleqel ruur 1 r gseSuoleqg eqlyo q13ue1eq1;1eq 1seel 1e Surpualxo s^..oJ Z ur 'c srLedgl ur r17ocour zizT xedeeql spre,trolluecseroep Illvc Isur8ruuralucuml puo.rq elrq,rqlr^\ eleluep surSruur1u1srp'111uc pue surSreur?urpuacse ,(1anb11qo ,{q paleuruuelpue spJe^\dnpea:nc ,{1a1u:apour '(pearnJeJ lurod lsepr,tr1e surS:eru ,(1fueqs1ou xede) g2 reddn ur ls]uozJoq ,{lJeeu'pJrr{lleseq ur 'pouelleu surSreruerque qlur lcere'paqolg ,{le.rncsqo'tuur8-g x tI-11[ ueq,tlaull]no ur leproquoqJ 'xedu -Jeeurleururel:epr,r uur Z-g I ^\BIJe uo el€lnJrue,{gJrls peNnc?Jaql spJe,{o1seqclolq pue slods relnSerrre8rul Surruoceq sauq luseq SuqBrpBJ IJBp {crqt qlr^\ ureerc-,tro11e.{eled urypqo7'urw g'Z-g'I 'SurpueJSE 'peNn3u,r\op x ruc S'€-g Z d1enb11qoo1 laerc slDtad turu €-Z x ruJ t-€ dlenbqqo 'UJUJ 'pe^rncur 'ele?uola slodas 7ota7o7 ta x ruf, f-e dpq8rls pue 1cerclodas lrsloq leJupurl,{J srreq:e1npue13leroqdourso luocsauq e 3ur1ce1xodu snoluoru?llJelsururnJe .lu1npue18 ,{lesuep 't/Z 'p1et1 u,rorq rlrepu ol Sq,norJeuueql FSsqut eleloecuel-J€eull lg1t1ssplad puz slzda5 u,troulun rnopo [€Jog:seqrlolqpuu slods'seurl uooretu lrep qlr,r ruea:c-,^lo11e,{elpd'ssorce urc 7'r'{tulqos '\e! 'o1d.rnd-pe: 'ueel8 sra ol! wc gE-nZ adarg qll^l paq.lolq {peln8ar't1,{llensn prrql l?seq oled '8uue,$ou 'Jeeurl uoq^\poroqlJ,,i\ ue$o'urur g x ruc €I ol lcere/raT sdurnlcesooy ur r o [J€1t1ostuo14

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Selectedspecimen exarzined. WESTERN AUSTRALIA: Albany,3 Oct. 1962,R. Olivers.z. (PERTH 00269255).

Distribution and habilat Known from coastalheath near the baseof consolidatedsand dunesfrom PeacefulBay to Albany on the southcoast. Only seen(on two recentoccasions) after summerwildfire. Possibly extendswest to William Bay, where it has been photogmphedbut specimensto vedfy the record have yet to be collected.(Figure 51D)

Flowering period, October to November.

Etymology. Named from the Latin evanescens(vanishing, quickly disappearing),alluding to the elusive appearanceof the species.

Not€s.Apoorly known but rarespecies (Priority One) consideredto be in urgentneed offurthersurvey to establishits conservation stat:us.Cqladenia abbreviqta is the only other short{epalled Westem Australian member of lhe C. filamentosa complex to flower as late as C. evanescens.However, C. evanescensdiffers in its paler colouration,its shorterpetals and sepals,its petalserect to obliquely ascending,and its projecting labellum apex.

Caladenia dorrienii and C. melanemaalso have abbreviatedpetals and sepalsbut differ from C, evqnescensin having petals horizontal to downcurved,the labellum apex recurved,and a more inland distribution,whileC. bicelliata differsin having a smallerrecurved labellum with calli in fewer pairs(less than 10)extending less than half way to the apexand a muchearlier flowering period.

Caladeniaevanescezs was first collectedby R. Oliver at Albany in 1962.Subsequently, it was not seenuntil 1984when R. Batesbrought a specimenfrom PeacefulBay to our attention.It hasnot been seensince, despite searches of the PeacefulBay site in 1985and 1989,the latter following a summ€r wildfire.

Caladenia exilis Hopper & A.P. Br., sp. nov.

A Caladenia vulgata Hopper & A.P. Br. similis sed labello minore angustiore et habitatione salsuginosadiffert.

Iypas: Nyabing,33a30'S,118010'8, WestemAustralia, Sept ember 1990, R. Bstes 23582 (holo: PERTH 04981s02).

Plant solitary or in small to largeclumps . Leaf ercct,linear,4-10 cm x c. 4-7 mm, palegreen, basal third usually irregularly blotchedwith red-purple.Scape 16-25 cm tall. F lowers 7-3, c. 4-6 cm across, cream,with palemaroon lines, spotsand blotches,or dark pinkish maroonto creamor variegatedwith prominentmaroonstripes and suffusions; floral odour faint, usuallylike buming metalor putdd. Sepals andpetals strff or stiffly held nearbasewith lax apex,linearJanceolate in basal1/6-115, then abruptly ( narrowing to a denselyglandular long-acuminatefilamentous apex lacking a tumescentosmophore; \ glandular hairs elongate,cylindrical. Dorsal sepal erccl al|'dslightly incurved, 5-9 cm x 2-2.5 mm. Lateral sepals spreading obliquely downwards, becoming vertical, 5-9 cm x 2.5-3 mm. Petals spreadinghorizontally, then downcurvedto vertical, 5-7 cm x 1.5-2 mm. Labellum creamwith dark It maroonradiating basal lines, blotchesand markings,stiffly articulateon a claw c. 1 mm wide; lamina 'seqslolq 'sdrunlc pue slods'seurluooreru epd qll^\'rueeJcs;aalolg e8reyo1 lyeursu 72212,

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- - - - Fig]jre 55. Caladenia filifera, R. Heberlz s.n. A plants. B leaf hainj; C hairs from upper scape;D hairs from ovary; E - hairs from lepal apex; F- flattened labellum from above; G - labellum from side; H - longitudinally sectionedlabellum from side; I - basal labellum lamina callus; J labellum lamina calli; K-column ftom fronl; L-column from side; M - glandular hairs on column; N - pollinia. Drawn by D.L. Jones. 'peue11p11 lcere'(os dlerncsqod1e:er) peqoy-g dpueuruord'ulru 8-9 xZI-6 ueq^\oulllno ur Fproquoqr 'suorsrU:Jns eurluel :epr,r ruru I g 0 J ,!\ep € uo e1e1nc1uudgJlls pcrdu pue seu11leseq Surletpu.r 'utut uooJuruol per qsqurd lueunuo:d qll,tr ellqr,\ f,ueen wn11aqo7 9Z-Z x urc t-S Z leJrUe^ ol 'spre^\u^\op paruncu,rropueql'flpluozuoq SurpuerdssppJ'wu t-ax w) t-t'luclu?^ SuruoJequego 'pete d1enb1lqoueql ,{ypluozroq Surpea:dsqodas 1ota1o7 wur g Z-a x ux ,-9 2 pdas psto6 '1ecupu11,{c'e1u?uo1a srreq rulnpuul? ieroqdorusoluecsetunl u 3u11ce1xede snoluerxelg oluurtunc€ 'Ell--tfi 'eseq -3uo1nlnpuup ,{lesuepu o1 ?urarouuu ,{ttdniqp uoqt l..'sequr ?leloeruBl-l?eurl eql spre,trolegrq,tr-f,ureerc Sunuocaq uooreru o1 per-qsqurd >gep 'p1eq [g1yys qolad puo slodag'pqe1';urc1 JnopoIeioll:seqclolq puuslods'seql uooreruJouee.rc qlr,^^uooreru ol pe: qslurd1J€p'ssol'u ur' g-9 t 'G)Z 'IIE1 t" t stalloll u$ ZZ-9g adnr5 aldrnd-per qtl.^dpeqrtolq ,{1.re1n?errr{ypnsn prrql pseq 'ueer8 'rueu11 aled'rutrrt-Z x urr 71-1 lcere;faaT sdrunlce?ru[ ol r]us ut Iuruolocto f,rcy1os1uo14

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'u^\org 'd .C.S otuapoto) Z :,tSotoprq O u€rrE4snv uelsatA V ?9 reddoH (r( Nuytsiavol. 14, No. 1/2 (2001) with entire margins in basal third, nearly horizontal in middle third, apical third sharply recurved, marginsat widest point moderatelycurved upwards and terminatedby slightly ascendingmargins and calli, distal marginssenate with broadly to narowly oblique-truncateforward facing pinkish red and sometimescream marginal calli with apexpinkish red, decrescenttowards the apex.Lamina calli tn 5-12 pairs in 2 rows extending about half the length of the tabellum, pinkish-red, sometimespaler proximally, dull on top, broadly anvil-shaped,the longest c 1 mm tall, slightly decrescentdistally. Column 6-10 x34 mrn,narrowly winged,pinkish redwith yellow markings,sparsely hirsutewith short glandular hairson outer surface.Anlft€r' c. 1.5 2x 1.5-2mm, yellow-greenand pinkish-red.Pollinia c. 1.5 mm long, yellow. Stigma c.2 mm wide. Capsule rrot seen (Figure 56A-H)

Selectedspecimens examined. WESTERN AUSTRALIA: 20 km S of Northamptonon North West CoastalHighway,2S'31'S, 114'38'E',22 A\g.1982,A. Browns.z. (PERTH 00253553); Oakajee' NW sideof Moresby Range,31 Aug. 1983,R.J. Cranfield 4057(PERTH 00253154);Russel Rd, Jandakot, 16 Aug. 1959, A.S. George 120 (PERTH 00252190); Helena Valley, c. 4 km downstreamfrom Mundaring Weir, 1 Sep. 1978,A.S. George 15232(PER'IH 00252565\;tumoff to Piawaningon the WonganHills-Ballidu road,30'53'S, 116'42'F.,12 Attg.1983,S.D. Hopper 31'24(PERTH 00321249); 23 km ENE of Wilga Siding,33'38'S,116"29'E,6 Oct.1983,'S D Hopper3471(PERTH00321230); 1km SEofCapercup South Rd on MoodiarrupRd,33'35'S, 116'46'8, 11Sep. 1985,S D Hopper4537 (PERTH00910732); Cockleshell Gully roadcrossing, c. 20 km NNE of Jurien,30'08'S, 115'07'E,8 Aug. 1986, S.D. Hopper 5186 (PERTH 01709488); SW foot of Totadgin Rock, c. 47 km ENE of Kellerberrin,31'35'S, 118'12'E, 14 Sep.1988, S.D. Hopper 6609(PERTH 0l 196103).

Distribution and habitot, Occurs in the wheatbelt betweenCranbrook and Binnu, extending inland to the Beacon area as rare populations on granite outcrops Elsewhere, it is usually in Wandoo woodlandson moistclay soilsamongst low scatteredshrubs and denseannuals. lt may alsobe seen in relativelyopen seepageareas in otherwisedense shrubland at the northernend of its rang€ (Figure53C)

Flowering period. Late July to early October.

Etymology.Named after the late Mr Herb Foote (191O-1987),the driving force behindthe foundation ofthe westernAustralian Native orchid studyand conservation Group, of whichhe was President for manyyears.

Notes.A common andwidespread member of theCaladenia filamenlosa complex.The nealestlelative of C. footeana appearsto be C. occidentQlis.However, C. footeana diflers in its shorter, stiffly spreading,uniformly coloured petalsand sepals,its pink-tipped calli and its wide distdbution off the coast through the wheatbelt.

Caladeniafooteana d iffers from C.f/ipra andC, pulchra in its shofierscapes, shorter, more stiffly held petalsand sepalswhich arepinkish-red to maroon in colour, becomingcreamy-white towards the base. its shorter more rhomboidal labellum, the lamina often cream with pinkish-red lines and suffusions,and the lamina calli usually pink{ipped. The distributionsofthe threespecies overlap near Boyup Brook. However, they rarely grow together.

Caladeniofooteanq andC. occidentalismay be relatedto typical C filamentosa from Tasmania and allied taxa in Victoria and South Australia. Such relationshipsrequire fu her study.

Cafadenia fuscolutescensHopper & A.P.Br., sp. nov. '{r!l?d jllPc - fS i(q u,terq erurllod- 1 :luo+ tuo{ uurnlot - X Puluel ulnlloq?l l\:epls tlorJ uurnlorpupunoqsl-A:tuogurogre,$ou-nltveld-LO€19raddoqC,'S'le^Iudnullledurogsarslrot!JL-L 'erulllod-S:oplssrorJuurnlor-U:luo{luo{uunloa-O:eplsuio{unlleq?l-d)uoqlrro{lt^\og-O 'a'V?.mdlguolFN 'slultlod -I :lueld -- N t6I tr,.o.tg IIrH ,fuoqsooC \\ro4 slouaq , S'N - hl :luolJ tuog uurnlm - 'OS :ep!s urory uurnlor pu? tunlleqel - ) :luo{ utol ro \ol} - I'Jued - I tZI9 zddog 5llsd leuoltuN IessPH{lroq 'J - suarsatqozsr{ W-I'srulllod - H :eptst!or} uunlm - g luo{ tuo{ utnnloo- J :l ea - A :e8uuJumlleq?l c :epls tuoq '1669 unllaqDl - C :re,|\ou - B :$eld - V raddog OS trrol Jo rse,{r-Wnosuroq ouoapol oluaPDlzp 11-y 99 ern31g

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'u,{org oyap4oJ Z:,{SolopIIrrO uplp.qsnvulelsoiA dV T, reddoH CS N{)rsia vol. 1a. No. r/2 (2001)

Caladeniavarians subsp,fuscolutescens Hopper & A.P. Br. nom inval. inHoffman & Brown, Orchids of South-WestAustralia, 2nd edn, p. 38 (1992)'

A Caladenia vulg.tto Hopper & A.P. Br. floribus brunneo-flavidis, apicibus fuscis petalorurn sepalorumqueet sepalislateralibus 4.5-8 cm longis, 3_5 mm latis differt. ryprs. estuaryat endof Warriup Rd, c. 30 km southofwellstead,34a42'S, 1.18433'E, Western Australia, 28 September1987 , S.D. Hopper 6121(lolo: PERTH 01707000;tro: AD, CBG). lllustrations. N. Hoffman & A. Brown, Orchidsof South-WestAustralia, 2nd edn,p.38lasCaladenia varlans subsp.Ttrsc olutescensl (1992) and rev. 2nd edn with suppl., p. 38 (1998).

Planrsolitary or in small clumps.lealerect, linear,T-15 cm x c. 3 mm, palegreen, basal third usually irregularly blotchedwith red-purple.Scape 1'5-30cm tall Flowers 1-3,c.5-1'O cm across,brownish- yellow, with dark brown lines, spotsand blotches;floral odour like buming metal Sepalsand petals stiffly held near basewith a lax apex, linearJanceolatein basal U+-I13, then abruptly narrowing to a denselyglandular dark brown long-acuminate filamentous apex lacking a tumescentosmophore; glandularhairs elongate,cylindrical. Do rsal sepal erectand slightly incurved,4.5-7.5 cm x 2-3 mm. Lateral sepals spreading obliquely downwards, becoming vertical, 4.5-8 cm x 3-5 mm. Petals spreadinghorizontally, then downcurvedto vertical, 4.5-6 cmx2.5-3 mm. Labeliaz pale brownish ycllow with prominentdark brown radiating lines, blotches and markings, stiffly articulateon a claw c. 2 mm wide; lamina linear-rhomboidalto triangular in outline when flattened, 12-17 x &-12 mm, obscurelyto distinctly3-lobed, erect with entiremargins in basalthird, nearly horizontal in middle third, apicalthird sharplyrecurved, margins atwidest point moderatelycurved upwards and terminated by obliquely ascendingmargins and calli, distal margins dentate-serratewith anvil-shapedto I triangularforwardly uncinatepale brownishyellow marginalcalli, decrescenttowards the apex. ( Lamina calli in 8-14 pairs in 2 rows extending up to half the length of the labellum, pale to dark ( brownishyellow, dull on top, broadlyanvil-shaped, the longestc. 1 mm tall, slightly decrescent distally.ColumnlVl5 x 4-7 mm, narrowly winged, pinkish red to pale yellow with fawn markings, sparselyhirsute with shortglandular hairs on outersurface. Anther c.2.5 x2 5 mm, greenish-yellow. tl Pollinia c.2 mm long, yellow. Stigma c. 3 mm wide. Capsule nol seen (Figute 56I-M) c p 0.5 km S ofTwo PeoplesBay, SE side of Selectedspecimens examined. WESTERN AUSTRALIA: l( 34a58'S,1 18010'E, 30 Sep' 1983,S.D. Hopper junction of Two PeoplesBay Rd and Sinker Reef Rd, I of Warriup Rd, 55 km ENE of King River' 3410 (PERTI{ 00277495);Hassell Highway, c. 8 km NE d 34a38'S,118023'E, 28 Sep.1981,S.D. Hopper 6124 (PERTH 0L20L4-17)' a Distribution and habitat. A poorly known speciesapparently restrictedto the Green Range-Two I PeoplesBay areawithin 20 km of the southcoast. Grows in open treemallee of Jarrah arfi Eucalyptus h decipiens,orin openlow woodlandof Marri with scatteredC alctthamnus and C.hri stm as Tree. Soils are ul well-drained sandto sandy loams. (Figure 53D) ni cl Flowering period. Late Septemberto early October. ol lc Etymok)gy.Named from the LatinJ?scr.s(a sombrebrown) and /a/escezs(becoming yellow), alluding TC to the floral colouration. S€ (5-p99 ern8rg) uees 1oualnsdoS eprmututTcow8ryg molle/.'SuoluJuJz2o1ut1io2',r,ro1ye,(-qsruae13'wuzx72pqyuv 'ectjrnsJalno 'sBunpeu uo srrsqrulnpuel? uoqs qll,trelnsrrqflasreds uooreruo1u^\EJ qlr,\\ tueeJJ lo por 'pe8ur,r. 'ulu '11q qsrlurd dl,trorreu t-€ x 0I-8 uwnlo3 iyelsrp luacse:cep.{pq?r1s uru 9 9 r lse8uol 'pedeqs-11,tuu 'do1 'sSurlreru 'utnllaqul eqt flpeorq uo 11np yecldelurd-peJ qlr,tr[uEeJc ol tu€elc oql Jo 'ruEeJJ q13ueleqtyleq ol dn Surpualxas,,'ror 7 ur s4ed71j ur 41ocourazzT xede eq1spremo] lueJselcep seJrde'lJleJIeurBJerrr uooJeru IInp ol rxEeJJaleurcun ,{1p:e,ruo; reln8uurrl o1paduqs-1,rue fl,troueu 'r1yuc qll^\ eluras-olpluopsut?ruru lu1srp puu sur8reurSurpuecse ,{l1ecqre,r fq peleulural pue spru,r.rdn 'pe^rncal 'plrll perunc flelereporu lurod lsepr,tr1e sq8rEru ,{1d:uqsp.trq1 lvcrdu olpptu ur leluozrJoq 'poqol-€ ,{puou'pr1qtleseq ut sut8reurorrluo qlrm l"era ,{pcurlsrpo1 ,{leJncsqo'turu8-g x gl-i} 'peu?u?U 'r u?q.r aurllno ur:u1n3uuu1o1 leproquoqr ,{1,troueueurtuel :epl,.t\ ruru I ^\elJ e uo alulnorue 's8ur1reu 'seurl fg;11s pue seqf,lolq Fspq ?u11e1peruooreu-r IJpp qlr,r wqeJawrypqoT'LUtn Z 1x 'po^rntu,,rop '{lpluozrroq 'urLu 'sple^\u^\op rut 9-g € ,{pq?r1s uoql Surpuerdsslopd tA x LuJg 9-t tpa^rnJur ,{1anb11qoSurpeerds slodas lotaloT utw Z ? x un S 9-t {11q?r1spur parc pdas puoq 'lEJupurT,{f,'elp8uole srr€qrelnpuplS:aroqdourso luacseurng u?uqcul xedesnolueruelry eleununce-3uo1 'plor{ rv1npue13,{lasuep e o1Surmorruu .{pdnrq€ ueql't/I-g/i Iss€qur etEloaruel-reeurl Ag!1sslotad puo qodag plawBururnqe{lJ lureJJnopo lerou:seqclolq puE slods'seull uoo.ruur eyud qgr,r'uee::t 'ssoJcs ruc /-? r't-I sla.nolJ IIel tuc 0e-91adorg e1d.lnd-pcrqtr,r,r pegctolq ,{l.rvln8eur ,{llEnsn pltql 'ueeJ8 'lrj:u.l IEs?q eled t c x w) Zl-l'leeur1 lcere/aa7 sdurnlce8rel o1lprus ur ro ,{ru1r1oslr.trpr

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Figure 5?. Distribution maps.A- Caladeniahiemalis; B - C horisks; C - C i censa;D - C. incrassata. 'sauq 'arrolef-furuorc puo qodag ptne,{y8uo4s rnopo lerog:seqclolq pue slods u,totq eled q1t,tr o1 rrreelr'ssor.urur 8-? 2'E-I s;r.nolg'lletwc9711adot5'eldxrd-per q1r,t,peqclolq f,puln8aut ,(11ensn 'uear8 'ww 'reeull prlql tesrq eled g1 x ruc 9I-t lcere 3l'za7sdunlc IIBtusu ]o f,n1r1osluo14

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ru^lo.rg oluapDtD) Z:dSotoprq.r6 uelertsnv tlralsoy'A dV ? r.ddoH CS 240 Nu)rsia Vol. 14, No. 1/2 (2001) petals stiffly held,linearlanceolate in b asalU6-tl4,lher. abruptly narrcwing to a denselyglandular dark brown long-acuminatefinely filamentousapex lacking a tumescentosmophore; glandular hairs elongate,cylindrical. Dorsal sepal erectand slightly incurved, 4.5-9 crn x 2-3 mm. Lateral sepals spreadingobliquelydownwards, becomingvertical,4.5-9 cm x 3-4 mm. Pela/sspreadinghorizontally, then downcurved, 4-8 cm x 2.5-3 mm. Labellum cream with yellowish suffusionsand pale brown radiating lines,blotches and markings,stiffly articulateon a claw c. 1.5 mm wide; lamina rhomboidal to tdangular in outline when flattened,12-16 x 10-13 mm, obscurelyto distinctly 3Jobed, erectwith entire margins in basalthird, nearly horizontal in middle third, apicatthird sharplyrecurved, margins at widest point slightly cuwed upwardsand terminatedby scarcelyascending margins and calli, distal margins dentate-s€rratewith anvil-shapedto triangular forwardly uncinatecreamy yellow marginal calli, decrescenttowards the apex. Lamina calliinT-74 pairsin 2 rows extendingup to halfthe length ofthe labellum, creamto pale brownishyellow, dull on top, broadly anvil-shaped,the longestc. 1 mm tall, slightly decrescentdislally. Column 12-15 x 5-8 mm, narrowly winged, creamyyellow with fawn markings,sparsely hirsute with shortglandular hairs on outer svface, Anther c.2.5 x 2.5 mm, greenish- yellow. Pollinia c.2.5 mm long, yellow. Stigma c.2.5 mm wide. Caps&/enot seen.(Figure 56T-Y)

Selectedspecimens examined. V,lESTERN AUSTRALIA:WSW of lsraeliteBayon trackto Esperance, 33042'5,123e40'8,13 Aug. 1980,4. Brown s.r. (PERTH 00274054);SE side of Mt Ridley, 33017'S, 122!08'E,11Aug. 1980,A.5. George 15969 (PERTH 00267368); Pine Hill,33418'5,723e23'E,16 Arg. 1,980,A.5.George 16111 (PERTH 00263680); Strawberry Rocks,26 km S ofSouthernCross, 31427'S, 119417'E,5 Sep. 1984,5.D. Hopper 4055(CBG, PERTH 0O255122);75kmB ofNarembeen, 17 km ENE of Gibb Rock,32005'S, I19!12'E,5 Sep.1,984,5.D.Hopper 4065 (PERTH 00255114); Pallarup Rock,44.5 km NNW of Ravensthorpe,33015'S, 119u45'E, 6 Sep.1984,S.D. Hopper 4094a (PERTH 01935151);100 m N ofPallinupRiver Bridge on W sideofHassell Rd,34025'S, 1 18014'E,6 Oct.1984, S.D.Hopper 4236 (AD, CBG, CANB, K, MEL, VIC, PERTH 00273155);Wittenoom Hills,47 km NE ofEsperance,33028'S,122008'E,8 Oct. 1985,5.D. Hopper4682(CBG, PERTH 00910686); Hamersley Inlet, FitgeraldRiver NationalPark, 34005'3,119a35'E, 4 Sep. 90, S.D. Hopper 7848 (PERTH 182995s).

Distribution antl habirat Extendsftom the Boxwood Hills areanorth to Marvel Loch, and eastwards to Mt Ragged and to Balladonia Roadhouse.Populations grow in damp sandy loams on granite outcrops and along creeklines.Vegetation varies from granitic scrub and open mallee (Eucqlyptus lehmanii, Melaleuca uncinata, Acacia conniana\, to thickets of Rock Oak and Swamp Yate low woodlands.(Figure 578)

Flowering period. Late August to September.

Etymology.Namedftomthe Greekrorls/es (onewho marksthe boundaries), alludingto the geographical position of the speciesfurther eastand north-eastthan other large-floweredmembers of the Western Australian Caladenia filamentosa complex.

Notes. Caladenia horlsles is a consistenttaxon throughoutits range.It is similar to C. vulgota, from which it differs in its stiffly held creamy-yellow sepalsand petals,broader labellum, longer column, more easterlydistribution and occurrencein seasonallywetter sandyloams. The ll,orthemC. remota is also allied to C. horistes,but C. remota diffels in its white flowers, shortly serate more slender marginal labellum calli, lax apiceson the petals and sepals,and its taller nanower central labellurn lamina calli. C. /zscolutescensoccurs rrear the westem limits of C. lroristes,but has brownish-yellow flowers,a moreprominentlystriped labellum, and darkerbrown apices on thepetals and sepals. Yellow- crearnvariants of C,polychroma dilfer from C. horistesrnhaving petalsusually ascending,prominent radiating maroon stripesand markings on the labellum, lamina calli uniformly creamy-white,and a E 'peolseuoH lr nddog q g'996'9'?rV tZ'a,6Z.Vtl'S,9I.rZ ualeN uaIIoN Jo A\S tu{ lZ :(19619200 '4,6t"9I1 'S,tS.8Z'EuueCJoidN/(uq HJUAd'CAC) €gIg nddoH'Q'S'8861'?nVrI f:(9fSS9Z00 '3nV 'g,gt.l,I 'S,II"6Z 'puICseu,{841o Y33epeue16 H1gg4) g;g1 /addoH O S'186I Zt I 165 t141 u .) '1gw) 'S,OI.I€ 'aurp'tdollel :kzztgzooHr:dad, 0It6 ?8roaD's'v'696r '{tnt gz'q,tl.6tt Jo 'A,tg.rlI 'S,99.62 'ucurqcmq:) II u s uoqtotl2 des N'{co6 urBpEInC:(ZO1SSZOO HfUAa) S'816I D 't't 'rt '066r '3nv 'q,gr.gtt 's,gr.6z rw :(2s9899I0 l{ruad) 0z0z ptoltv zp tLaqgpsl st 'e^\EIoI 'slllH suauntadspanala5 I Jo a uq 8I e{oou€loo) :VI'IVUIS1V NUAJSi1I1.'paulwDxa u

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'u,rolg .C.S DtuapDlDCZ:,{Soloprqrro u?rlErlsnvuelsaiA dv T, reddoH Nr)tsid Vol. 14, No. 1/2 (2001) across,predominantly yellowish-green, rarely pinkish maroon,with variable suffusionsand lines of dull maroon; floral odour absent.Sepals and petals stiffly held, the sepalsnaffowing abruptly to an elongatefilamentous apical half; osmophoreshortly cylindrical, tumescent,2-5 mm long in sepals, absentftom petals, pink or fawn to yellow, consisting of minute densely packed globular sessile glandular cells. Dorsal sepal erect to slightly recurved, 1.5-2.0 cm x 7.5-2 mm, linear to slightly taperingin basal2/3 . Loteral sepalsstnight or gently recurved,spreading obliquely downwards,1.5- 2.5 cm x 3-5 mm, basalhalfnarrowly lunate(when flattened)with outermargins recurved in proximal third beforcflattening at a sharpangularpoint. P€tal.r thrust sharply downward (sometimesobliquely), lilear to somewhat tapering, 1.3-1.6 cm x 1.5-2 mm, nanowing to an acute often recurved apex. Labellum 3-lobed with a tiny apical midlobe, prominently z-coloured, yellowish-greento pinkish maroon with red to dark brown radiating stripes,terminating in a uniformly dark maroon sharply recurvedapex, stitfly articulateon a claw c. 1.5mm wide; lamina laterallyoval with a smallobtuse apex in outline when flattened,9-10 x 12-13 mm, basalthird curving from erectto horizontal,middle third horizontal,apical third horizontal terminatingin the last 2-3 mm in a sharply recurvedapex, rnargins at widest point slightly descending,lateral lobes erect to horizontal with entire margins, midlobe marginsentire.Iam ina calli aggregatedin a densecentral band band to 2 mm wide extendingat least 2/3 the length of the labellum and stoppingshort of the dark maroon apex,dark purplish maroonwith apalebase,erect,linear, capitate with a shinyglobularhead, the longestc. 2 mm tall,slightly decrescent towards apex. Column 1O-14 x 6-8 mm, broadly winged, greenish-yellowwith prominent maroon suffusionnear base. Anther c,2x2mm,yellow-green. Polltnia c. 2 mm long,yellow, Stigma c.2.5 mm wide, yeflow-green. Capsulenot seen.(Figure 59A-C)

Selected specimens extmined. WESTERN AUSTRALIA: Pigeon Rocks, c. 100 km NNW of Koolyanobbing,29'55'S,119'16'E,2 Sep.1984,A. Brown105 (CBG, PERTH00929727); Muddarning Hill, E of Mt Jackson,c. 100km N ofBullfinch,1 Sep.1984, A. Browns.n.(K,PERTH 00237779); Die Hardy Range,96 km NNW of Koolyanobbing, 29'27'5, 119'24'E 2 Sep. 1984,S.D. Hopper 4019 (CBG,PERTH 00328928);Bungalbin Hill,39 km ESEofMtJackson,30"24'S, I 19"38'E,3 Sep. 1984, S.D.Hopper4030(CBG, PERTH 00240664);WarrdaggaHill, SWof PaynesFind,29"23'5,117"30'E, 21 Aug. 7982, R. Peakall s.n. (PERTH 00929743);Mt Jackson,N of SouthernCross, 4 Sep. 1967, J. Tonkinsons.n.a,b (PERTH 00332798).

Distribution and habitat, Found in scatteredlocalities between Southern Cross, PaynesFind and Perenjori, particularly in the region near Mt Jacksonand the Die Hardy range. Its favoured habitat appearsto be the southernslopes of ironstonehills under tallAcacia (especiallyA. quadrimarginea), Dryandra arborea ar'dEriostemon, often in gullies formed by seasonalwater courses,but it may also be found in shallow soil pocketson graniteoutcrops. Soil is red rocky or granitic loam. (Figure 57D)

Flowering period. Late August to September.

Etymology.N amedfrom the Latin irc,"assarm(thickened), alluding to the prominentclubs andthicker calli comparedwith thoseof Caladenie doutchise.

Notes.A widely scatteredbut rarely seenspecies previously includedwithin Caladeniadoutchiae. C. incrassatohybridizes with C. doutchiqe along the westem edge of its distribution in a narrow strip where the lwo speciesoverlap.

Caladenia itrrtssata differs from C. doutchise and the relatedC. brevisura in its dorsal sepalwith a prominent rsmophore, and its occurrence in more north-easterly lower rainfall areas. From '{cglPd I'S lq u^{sro ?Iullod- n :luo{ - uro4uurnlm - I :llF. eulurpltunlleqsl - S :aplsuro{ uulnlocpus unlloqet - U :luog ulorJre^\ou - O :lueld d t,,s "os{rrf 'olodl?A\ 'stslC - 14 Jo Na^{-qlnos elqu?g tuo{ s{ouol%rau C n-d ]J.Io4uro.4 ullnloc - O :Ifiec sulurPlurn eq?l N :e8uuJ urnlleqsl- W :eprsuro4 uurnlot pue unllaqsl -'I :qsosJo sdl uo spu?13- ) luoq uorl16,{oU- I :luzld-l gSStraddoH'O S lueqrtv eryT trroq owauppu :) o-I re^\ou - H wgb leddog o's"eole Sullllu?poolA aqt woq qoalq 2 -'H 'srurtlod-C:oprsuro+utunlor-dltuogr!o{utunloc-g:urnlloqrlJoluo4rgouIIIBa-C:umllrqulJoJ?or$eulllec-C '6OOV 'ro& 'C-V :luorJ uro4 unlleqEl '. g :re^ol! - V raddoH C,S' uo$ltsl lW oqt :d.or!optsol)u! olu?pDlt) 6S ertr8l[

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C. doutchiae,it alsodiffers in its labellum with a broaderband of robust taller cal\. C. brevisurahas shorler osmophoreson the lateral sepalsthan C, incrassqta,

Caladenia luteola Hopper & A.P. Br., sp. nov.

Caladcnia caesareasubsp. sLbdila Hopper & AP. Br. nom. inval. inHoffman & Brown, Orchids of South-WestAustralia, 2nd edn, p. 56 (1992).

A Calatlenia caesarea (Domin) M. Clements & Hopper floribus luteis pallidioribus labello recurvatomanifeste ad apicem differt.

?),prs:9.7 km west of Woodanilling on Woodanilling West Road,Westem Australi,a,1,2October 1.997, S.D. Hopper 565O(Lholo: PERTH 01071106).

Illustrations. N.Hoffman & A. Brown, Orchidsof South-WestAustralia, 2nd edn,p.56lasCaladenia caesareasnbsp. subdital (1.992)and rev. 2nd edn with suppl., p. 56 (1998).

PLant solitary or in densecllumps, Leaf erect,linear, 8*20 cm x 3 5 mm, pale green, basal third -1510 usually irregularfy blotchedwith red-purple.Scape cm tall. Flowers 1 or 2, c. 6-9 cm across, lemon yellow to creamwith paleto dark maroonto brown stripesand markings;floral odour faint, like burning metal. Sepals and petqls stiffly held, linear-lanceolatein basal 1/6-115, then abruptly narrowing to a dark maroon to brown denselyglandular long-acuminatefilamentous apex lacking a tumescentosmophore; glandular hairs elongate,cylindrical. Dorsal sepal erectand slightly incurved, 4.5-7 cm x 2-3 mm. Lateral sepals spreadingbasally then obliquely downcurved, 4.5-7.5 cm x 2.5-5 mm. Percls obliquely ascendingnear base, then downcurved, 4.5-6.5 cm x 2.5-3.5 mm. Labellum lemon-yellow to creamwith dark maroon to brown stripesand markingsto the apex,stiffly articulateon a claw c. 1.5-2 mm wide; lamina triangular to rhomboidal in outline when flattened, 10-20 x 8-11 mm, obscurely 3lobed, erect with entire margins in basal third, horizontal in middle third, apicalthird sharplyrecurved, margins atwidest point moderatelycurved upwards and terminated with horizontalto slightly downcurvedcalli, distal marginswith widely spacedserrate to dentatepale yellow with a dark maroonto brown tip, calli decrescenttow ^rds the ^pex.Lamina calli in 6-l'L pairs in 2 rows extendingat leasthalf the length of the labellum, cream,glistening on top, anvil-shaped,the longestc. 1 mm tall, slightly decrescentdistally, elongate-oval.Column c.13-15 x 3_6 mm, nanowly winged,creamy yellow to yellow with brown stripesand blotches, sparsely hirsute with darkglandular trichomesespecially on the centralridge. Anther c.2-3 x 2-3 mm, yellow or greenish-yellow. Pollinia c. 2 mm long, yellow. Stigma c.3 mmwide. Capsulenot seen.(Figure 59H)

Selectedspecimens examined. WESTERN AUSTRALIA: Reservenumber 10147,purpose camping, vestingunknown, Robinson Rd,9.7kmW of GreatSouthem Highway, 33034'5, 117419'8, 18 Sep. 1992,M.S. Graham s.n. (PERTI{ 02753693);W of Woodanilling, 12 Oct. 1986, S.D. Hopper 5650 (PERTH);SouthfieldRd, W side,c. 2.7km from MondalupRd,c. 250m Wofroad, 10 Oct.95,W. J ackson B.J.365(PERTH 04354613).

Distribution and habllar. Known only from west of Woodanilling whereit grows amongstdense herbs andgrasses in a mixed woodlandof Wandoo,Rock Oak andJam, and from the Kalgan River, growing in granitic scrub of Acccic tryptica, Yate, Eucalyptus decipiens ar'd Hypocalymma angustifulium. Soils are rich sandy loams. Photographstaken recently eastof Manjimup in a woodland of Wandoo may also be ofthis species(R. Heame pers.comm.). (Figure 604.) .bllq.drlu )- O:slwapu?w J - J'.buauopu ) - g'.opatq oluapoloJ- v sd?uluoqnqutsrd 09 ern8rC

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Flowering period. Septemberto October.

Etymology. Named from the LaIn luteolus(pale yellow) alluding to the floral colouration.

Notes.Cqladenia luteola is a poorly known but apparentlyrare species (Priority Two) sharingwith C. caesarea,C. elegans and C. xantha glistening tops to the labellum lamina calli, and predominantly yellow floral colouration.However, C /zleola differs from C. caesareain its paler yellow to cream flowerswith narrowerless conspicuous stripes and markings on thelabellum,and its palelemon-yellow to cream labellum. From C. elegans,C. luteola differs in its stiffly held obliquely descendinglateral sepafapices, and its lemon-yellow to cream usually longer labellum lamina. C. luteola differs from C. xanths in its later flowcring season,and larger flowers.

Other members of the CalatleniufilumentoJa complex that haveyellow flowered variants,such as suchC. polychroma, C. dimidia, C. ultima, C. qbbreviata andC. denticulata, differ from C. luteola in the dull, non-glisteningtops of theirlabellum lamina calli.

In addition, Caladenie luteola has larger tlowers than C. dimid.ia,C. ultima, and C. abbreviata. C. luteola also flow ers later than C. dimidia which grows in closeproximity, and flowers earlier than C. uhima andC. abbreviata,both of which occur further soulh.C. luteola diffels ftom C. denticulata in itsobliquely descending lateral sepal apices, and its Iemon-yellowto creamlabellum lamina which is erect in the basalthird. And C. luteola d\ffersfrom yellow flowered variantsofC. polychroma in its shorterbroader cream calli.

The popufation of Cqladenia luteola west of Woodanilling grows with C. caesarea subsp. caesarea,and appearsto contain hybrids of thesetwo species.

Caladeniamelan€ma Hopper & A.P. Br.,sp. nov.

A speciebusaliis affinibus Caladeniafilamentosru R. Br. petalis sepalisquebrevibus, albidis ad basinpilis apicumfiliformium glandulishemisphaericis vel brevecylindricis atropurpur€is vel nigris diffcrt.

Typus. south of Lake Grace,Westem Australia, I2 August 1989,S.D. Hopper 1296 (holo: PERTH O1071122;lsor CBG).

Illustrations.N.Hoffman & A. Brown, Orchidsof South-WestAustralia,2nd edn,p. 28 (1992) andrev. 2nd ednwith supp[.,p. 28 (1998).

Plart solitary or in denseclumps. lcalerect, linear, 4-72 cm x 2-7 mm, pale green,basal third usuallyirregularfy blotchedwith red-purple.Scape 8-15 cm tall. F Lowers1or2, c.4-5 am across,cream to paleyellow (rarely suffusedpinkordark red)with darkmaroonlines, spots and blotches; floral odour strong, like burning metal. Sepals and petals stiffly held, linearlanceolate in basal quarter, then abruptly nanowing to a dark red-brown denselyglandular long-acuminatofilamentous apex lacking a tumescelt osmophore;glandular hairs hemispherical.Dorsal sepal erect and slightly incurved, 2--4.5 cm x 1.5 2.5 mm. Laleral sepals spreadingto downcurved, 245 cm x 1.51 mn. Petah spreadingto downcurved,2-3 cm x 1.5-3mm. Labellumcream with thick red-maroonradiating basal lines becominglarge inegular spotsand blotches towards the recuwed apex,stiffly articulateon a claw c. 1 mm wide;lamina linear-rhomboidal in outlinewhen flattened,8-11 x 6 8 mm, obscurely3Jobed, ' 'pleq ,{lasuape ol Sur,rorreudlldnrqe ueqt t-gll pseq u eleloecuel-reeurl fg;1ts s1o1adpuo qodaS .I '1oa,trs 'saull ,{13uo.qsrnopo lerog :seqJlolqpue slods uooreu ryep q1t,,rr',to11edeled ,{1ereto1 urearc 'ssorrEruc0I-r'J'ZroISta($oll'llet:lrr gT-gladocg'eldrnd-pe.rqlrarpeqclolqfpeln8arrt,(11unsn 'uaer8 'ruur 'JeeuIT T prrqt lusuq elud 711 x urc gI-{I lcera /ra7 sdurnlc1lerus u1 to f,teylos1uo74 sl 1 (gOOt) Og d' lddns qlr,^\upe puz ^ar pue (266I) lsr1ouorptaw dsqnssutttttt,r 3 '€llurlsnv 'u,.t ouapoytS su) 66'd'upe puz lseii\-qlnos Jo splqrro org V ? uutuJJoH'N'suollD4sn I u JI '(993 :osr :90910210 H;dg.d:olotl) ZZ69nddog qg'9961 A1n16 u 'erl€rlsnv 'S,I0o9€'s8uudg p uolsold'!I,6Zo9I I 1e1sfu3;o1se^\-qlnosJse^\ru{t 1'c'pueplfgrla:snd(.1

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glandular dark red-brown long-acuminatefinely filamentous apex lacking a tumescentosmophore; glandular hairs elongate,cylindrical. Dorsal sepal erect and slightly incurved, 5.5-8 cm x 2-3 mm. Lateral sepals spreading obliquely downwards, becoming vertical, 5.5-8 cm x 24 mm. Petals spreadingobliquely upwardsorhorizontally andthen downcurved,5-7 cm x 2-3 mm.Labellum cream with dark maroon radiating lines, blotchesand markings,stiffly articulateon a claw c. 1 5 mm wide; lamina rhomboidal in outline when flattened,12-17 x 6-1.0 mm, obscurelyto distinctly 3Jobed, erect with entire margins in basal third, nearly horizontal in middle third, apical third sharply recurved, margins at widest point slightly cuwed upwards and terminatedby scarcely ascendingcalli, distal margins serrate-dentatewith anvil-shapedto triangular forwardly uncinatecreamy yellow maroon- markedmarginal calli, decrescenttowardsthe apex.Lamina calli in 6-12 pairsin 2 rows extendingup to a third the length of the labellum, creamy-yellowwith pink-maroon markings,dull on top, broadly anvil-shaped, the longest c. 1 mm tall, slightly decrescent distally. Column 7-10 x 4-6mm, narrowlywinged, creamyyellowwith maroonmarkings, sparsely hirsutewith shortglandular hairson outersurface. Anther c.2-2.5 x22.5 mm, greenish-yellow.Polliniq c.2 mm long,yellow. Stigma c. 2.5 mmwide. Capsulenot seen.(Figure 59P-U)

Selectedspecimens examined. WESTERN AUSTRALIA; Windy Harbour,34450'S, 1 l6!02'E, Aug. -1984, G. Gardner sLr (PERTH 00277487);Quarrarn Nature Reserve,1 km W of Parry Inlet Beach, 35003'S,1 17010'E, 7 Oct. 1984,S.D. Hopper 4258 (PERTH 00266930);W side of Mandalay Beach Rd,c. 16.7km SW fromthe Ranger's house, in WalpoleNational Park,34a59'S, 116033'8, 16 Oct. 1986, S.D. Hopper 5740(PERTH 01669621);on BanksiaTrack, c. 10 km WSW of Crystal Springs,Walpol- Nornalup National Park, 35400'5, 116031'8,30 July 1987,S.D. Hopper 5912 (PER IH 01201492).

Distribution andhabltal. A rarespecies restricted to consolidatedcoastal dunes in the Walpole-Windy Harbourarea on theextreme south coast. 6rows in low coastalheath, sometimes with scatteredstunted emergenttrees of Peppermint,banksias, and Yate. (Figure 60C)

FLoweringperiod. June to early August.

Etymology. Named from the Latin meridionalls (south, southern), alluding to the geographical distributionof the species.

Notes. Caladenia meridionalis differs from C. vulgata, with which it grows, in its consistentlyshort stature,broad leaf, stiffly held petalsand sepalswitha dark apex,short column and earlier flowering period.C. hiemalis alsoflowers in winter,buf C. meridionalis differs from it in having a broaderleaf, largerflowers,a darkerapex to thepetals and sepals, and a sweetfloral odour,aswell asa moresoutherly distribution.

The time at which Caladeniameridionalls flowers is especiallyremarkable given its confinement to thehigher rainfall southcoast area nearWalpole, where most caladenias flowerlater ratherthan earlier than their northern counterparts.

Caladenia microchila Hopper & A.P. Br., sp-nov.

ACaladenia paratloira Hopper et A.P. Brown floribus brevioribussemper cremeis, petalis rigide ascendentibus,sepalis lateralibus 4.5 7 cm longis,2-2.5mm latis,labello4-6.5 mm longo,4-5 mm latis differt.

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Figure 61 A-F. Caladenia microchila from Fank Hann National Park, A.P ,ro,n r.n. A - plant; B - labellum ftom side;C-labellurnfrioge;D-labellumlaminacalli;E-columnfromfront;F-pollinia.G-M.C.rorilisftomYalgonip NationalPark,S.D.Hopper4150.G-plant;H-flowerfromfront;I-labellumandcolumnfromside;J-labellutrr fringe; K - labellum lamina calli; L - column from front; M - pollinia. N-R. c. pachlchila ftom the Menedin arca, A.P.Brown676.N-plant;O-flowerfromside;P-labellum;Q-columnfromftont;R-pollinia.S-V.C.pendeht subsp.pendens frcm camel Peaks,Hyden area,s.D. Hopper 4577. s - plant; T - labellum lamina calli; U - column ftom front; V - pollinia.Drawn by S,J.Patrick. 's3ur{rsru 'seull r,t.?Icc uo alelncrge dBlps pue seqrtolq Ies€qSqlutper uoo:eur {rep qlrl\ Irlearr '.{lleluozuoq unnaqo1'ww v-g'zx vn vI-9'lea\uel ol pelrnruaop uoql Sulpeerdss1z3a7'ruru 91 'Iecu-rel 'spJeauaop x urJ gI-9 ?uruoteq ,{1enb11qoSutpeatds slodas TotaloT utru t g'Z x ruJ gl-g 'pe,\Jnrur 'a1e8uo1e fpqSrls pue pete Todaspstog lecypuq,{c srtuqreppuulS 1o:oqdoursoluecseulnl e 8uu1cu1xede snolueruellJeluurump-?uo1 reppuelS .{lasuopu o1Sutnolteu ,{pduqa ueql'tr71j71 'xode Iuseqq eteloersel-reeull xel e qlla asuqJeeu pleq i(g;1pss1o1ad puo s1oda5pr.rlnd o1 1eletu 'soulI 'ssolce SuruJnqeTI luleJ seurleuos rnopo prou :seqJlolqpuB slods uoorstu oled I{lJ.{,r'u€alJ 'llel urr €I-{I 2'E-I stanoltr wc gp-a7 adocg a1fund-pa:qll^\ poqJlolq fpeln8eut fllensn prlql 'uee:3 'Jv"\tll']oere yeszq epd'ur!u 8--' r x ruJ 8I-OI !Da7'sdurnlce3rel o1 1yrus ut to ,te1t1ostrzJa'

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oluapDloJz:,tSoloprq O uprlersnvualseiA'u-^org dV T jeddoH (s 254 Nrytsid Vol. 14, No. 1/2 (2001) c. 2 mm wide;lamina rhomboidalto triangularin outlinewhenflattened, L2-25x 12-16 mm, obscurely to distinctly 3-lobed,erect with entire margins in basalthird, nearly horizontal in middle third, apical third sharyly recuwed, margins at widest point moderately curved upwards and termirated by obliquely ascending calli, distal margins serrate, rarely dentate, with narrowly anvil-shaped to triangularforwardly uncinatecream to dull maroon marginal calli with tip cream,decrescent towards the apex. Lamina ccl/l in 8-18 pairs in 2 rows extendingup to 2/3 the length of the labellum, cream to cream with red-pink apical rnarkings,dull on top, broadly anvil-shaped,the longestc. 2 mm tall, slightly decrescentdi.stally. Column l.3-18 x 5-10 mm, narrowly winged, pinkish red or creamwith fawn to marcon markings,sparsely hirsute with short glandularhairs on outer strtace. Anther c.2.5- 4x2.54 mm, greenish-yellow.Pollinia c. 2.5-3 mm long, yellow. Stigmac.2.54mmwide. Capsule not seen.(Figure 61G-M)

Selectedspecimens examined. WES'|ERN AUSTRALIA:Well Siding Rd, c. 20 km Nof Northampton nearNorth West Coastal Highway,28011'S, 114438'E, 18Aug.1985,A. Brown&5. vanLeeuwen 205 (PERTH 00930164);Hawks Head road just before lookout, c. 3.3 km from Ajana-Kalbani road, in Kalbarri National Park,27e48'5,714e29'E,21Aug.1985,A. Brown & S. van Leeuwen2lSb (PERTH 00901229);just NE ofjunction of ThomasRd and JohnsonRd, E of Medina,32414'S, 115051'E, 18 Sep.1977,A.S. George s.z. (PERTH 0O265454);c.14 km NNE ofDongara; 1.1 km S of Mt Homer West Rd alongWater Supply road,25Aug.1983,S.D. Hopper3359 (CBG, PERTH 00274127):18 km SW of Mingenew, alongYandandooka West Rd,29420'S,115'22'F,,25 Sep.1.983,5.D. Hopper 3369 (AD, CBG, PERTH 00266868);5 kn S ofPreston Beach Roadon Mandurah-Bunbury Rd, 33000'S, 115!44'8, 12 Sep. 1984,S.D. Hopper 4138(AD, CBG, K, PERTH 00265519);N side of Beermullah WestRd, NW of Gingin,31014'S, 115'42'8,18 Sep.1.987, S.D. Hopper 6078 (PERTH 01201441).

Distribution and habitat. Occurs on the Swan CoastalPlain betweenAustralind and Gingin, and in the Mingenew to Kalbarri region further north. CoastalPlain populationssouth ofPerth occur in Tuart and Peppermintwoodland on calcareoussands. West of Gingin populationsoccur on rises adjacent to swamps in sandy clay soil. Near Mingenew, sheoak(Allocasuarina) woodlandson deepsand are favoured.NearAjana andBinnu the speciesgrows in heavierred clayJoam soils in York Gum andJam woodland,or scrubof Jam,Hakearecurva, atdAcacia tetragonophylla.Near the coastsouth ofKalbarri low heath on sandstoneis occupied.(Figure 62,4)

Flowering period. August to early October.

Etymology.Named from the Latin zobilis (noble,excellent), alluding to the largeflowers ofthe species.

Notes.Caladenia nobilis growswith C. valgarabut differs in its generallylarger flowers with abroader labellum, larger taller centralcalli in up to 18 pairs extendingto two-thirds the length of the lamina, and its larger column. C. nobilis is the largestwhite-flowered member of the Westem Australian C. frlamentosa complex.Lateral sepalsare up to 15 cm long and the labellum may attaindimensions of 25 x 16 mm. Very large specimensof C. pendens overlapsmalt C. nobilis in flower size,but have a narrower labellum.

Caladenia nobilis has at least three geographicalraces that show insufficient morphological differentiation to be recognizedas separatesubspecies, but eachoccupies a distinctive habitat.The racefavouring sandysoils nearMingenew is perhapsthe most distinctive,with lax petalsand sepals, txopolod J - q:DlfilrKr.pDdJ - J'.sltbruEplrro) - g'.sllqou DlueprlDJ- y sdzu uorrnqqsrq Tg ernSrj

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'urrlorg otuapttlltJ Z:dSoloputro usrF4snv urelserlA dV ? DddoH CS Nuytsia!ol. 14, No. 1/2 (2001) the latenl sepalsoften having crenulatebasal margins, and the labellum noticeablyflattened towards therear.Itoccurs as solitary or few-floweredclumps, Populations in swampswestofGingin maybelong to this race, but further study of them and intervening populations are needed.

The northem raca occupying heavy soils has stiffer sepalsand petals,and is noticeably colonial, often forming extensivepopulations in good seasons.Occasional red individuals of this racemay be the result of hybridisation with Caladcnia footeana.

The southerncoastal plain raceon calcareoussoils grows as solitary or few-flowered clumps,and has stiffly downswept petals and sepals.These populationsoccasionally hybridize with Cqlqdenia vulgata, ajndplali'ts with reddish markings may be rare hybrids with C. occidentalis.

Caladenia occidentalis Hopper & A.P.Br., sp. nov.

Calndenia variegata Hopper & AP.Br. nom. inval. in Hoflman & Brown, Orchids of South-West Australia, 2nd edn, p. 44 (1.992),nom. i//eg noz Colenso(1885).

ACaladenia footeanc Hopper & A.P. Br. floribus pallidioribus majoribus in scapiselatioribus et callis albidis differt.

Typrs. 300 m eastof Mandurah-Fremantleroad on PaganoniRd, 12 km north-north-eastof Mandurah, 32a26'5,7'1504'7'E,Westem Australia, I2September 1984,S.D. Hopper 4137(holo: PERTH 00321214; rso:AD. CBG).

Illustrations. N.Hoffman & A. Brown, Orchidsof South-WestAustralia, 2nd edn,p.44las Caladenia variegatol(1992) and rev.2nd ednwith suppl.,p.44 (1998).

P/an/ solitaryorcolonial in smallto largeclumps.leclerect,linear, 10-15 cm x 3-4 mm, palegreen, basal third usually irregularly blotched with red-purple. Scape 1.5-30 cm tall. Flowers 1 ot 2(3), c. 5-7 cm across,pale pinkish-red,rarely maroon; floral odour strong,fetid. SePalsand Petals stiffly held, pale pinkish-red, rarely cream or matoon, becoming creamy-white towards the base,linear- lanceolatein basalquarter, then abruptly narrowingto a denselyglandular long-acuminate filamentous apex lacking a tumescent osmophore; glandular hairs elongate, cylindrical' Dorsal sepal erect, 44 cm x2-2.5 mm.Laleral sepalsspreading horizontally then obliquely downwards,often becoming vertical, 4-6 cm x 2.5-3 mm. Petals spreadinghorizontally, then downcurvedto vertical, 3.5-5 cm x22.5 mm.Labellurr creamywhitewith faint pinkish red to maroonradiatingbasal stripes and apical blotchesand suffusions,stiffly articulateon a claw c. 1 mm wide; lamina rhomboidal in outline when flattened,8-12 x 6 9 mm, prominently 3-lobed(rarely obscurelyso), erect with entiremargins in basal third, nearly horizontal in middle third, apical third sharply recuwed, margins at widest point moderatelycurved upwards and terminated by slightly ascendingcalli, distalmarginsserrate to dentate with broadly oblique-truncateforward facing pinkish red and sometimescream marginal calli with tip pinkish red to cream,decrescent towards the apex.Lamina calll in 8-18 pairsin 2 rows extendingabout 112113 thelength of the labellum,cream to pinkish-red,dull on top, broadly anvil-shaped,the longest c. 1 mm tall, slightly decrescentdistally. Column &-12 x3-5 mm,narrowly winged,cream with pinkish red markings,sparsely hirsute with shortglandular hairs on ovter srrtace.Anther c- 21.5 x2--2.5 mm, yellow-greenand pirkish-ted. Polliniq c. 1.5 mm long, yellow. Stigma c 2.5 mm wide. Capsule not seen. 9y,no1aqsp:e,udn dlenbyqo pleq pue elepcrge dg;r1s'sadrrls Suqerper uooreru epd urq1qt1,n.ro11ed 'pe^-rnJur -qsrueerSo1 weerJ wn ?qoT'uJrrrZ-I x IIIc a'I-8 0 dlqSrtsxade qtr,n,fte,ro ruor; ,{e,ro.u 'pe,rrncur IBclueAJJo dlenbqqo leq,teruos sprBr(u^\op lsuqt slrlad rulx t g I x ruJ g'1-1 dpq311s xeduq1r,r d:e,ro uror; ,{e.,rre pcrga,,r go dlanbqqoleq.r,reuros spru,r,ru,r,rop 1sruqt s1u da s p1ato7'wu t-g'I 'pe,r-mcur 'o1u8uo1e x urJ g I-I fpq8qs puelcele lodas Tostoq elelrd€JltJppug,{c s.lteqleppuel8 :eror{dousoluacsournl ? 8ur{reJ',{llerx€pe ru1npue18 dlosreds 'xade 1e pepr4suor {luoqs 'elploef,wl -reeuq'p1eqfgSqs sl o\adpuo qodag'luasqE rnopo [eJoU:s8ur)[leru pua sadr4s uooruur e1edq1rar,lno11e,{ 'ssorce qsluaeJAot urporr ruc1 r'(7)1 s.raotoll'lletura OZ-3adze5 eldrnd-par qlr,r,r peqrlolq fl.rep8eur f ?nsnpJrql psEq'uoaJ8 aled 'uuJ g ? x ruaZI-g'reeull']DereloaTsdurnlc esuep urro fue1rpsuo14

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DluapDlDJZ:,{Soloprqro u€rlelsnv ulelsatd'u^\org dV ? raddoH.(S Nq)tsiavol. 14, No. 1/2 (2001) oon a claw c. 1.5 mm wide; lamina triangularvr'ith rounded entire margins i[ outline v/he[ flattened, 8-12x 7-10mm,3-lobed, slightly ascendingwithdowncurved margins overentire length, terminating in a noticeablythickened red-maroon V-shaped apical callus 2-3 mmlong. Lamina calli in 6-\O pahs in 2 rows or congestedinto one extendingup to half the length ofthe labellum, capitatewith a cream baseand a dark maroon irregularly swollen shiny tip, the longestc. 1 mm tall. Column c. & 10 x 4-8 mm, broadly winged, translucentfawn with pale maroon markings.Anther c. 2-2.5 x 2-2.5 mm, yellow, greenish-yellowor pale maroot. Pollinia c. 2 mm long, yellow. StiSmac. 2-2.5 mm wide. Capsulenot seen.(Figure 61N-R)

Selectedspecimens examined. WES IEP.NAUSTRALIA: c. 1 km S of Digger Rocks on HattersHill- DiggerRocks road,32e44'S,LI9e5Z'F,30Aug. 1986,A.Browz 357 (PERTH 00929719);Kalbarri,SE oftown,just offPorter St,27043'S,114011'8,20 Aug. 1985,A Brown & S. vanLeeuwen 212 (PERTII 00843792);Hawkshead Rd just before lookout, c. 3.3 km from Ajana-Kalbani road, in Kalbani National Park,27a48'5,1.14e29'E,21Attg- 1985, A. Brown&5. vanLeeuwen2l6 (PERTH 00843784); "Painted Cliffs", 50 km E of Lake Cronin crossroads, 32o16'5, 120o15'E,5 Aug.198O,A.S. George 15825 (PERTH 00294705);N slope of Mt Heyward, 33420'S,122e32'E,8 l'rtg l98O,A.S. George 15872(PERTH 00260916);Wardagga Hill, N side of NE running gully, SW of PaynesFind, 29422'S, nla3}'E,12 Aug.1987, S.D. Hopper 1850 (PERTH 00250627);4.5 km NE from Watheroo,2 5 km along CarotWell Rd, 30016'S,116005'E,31 July 1985,S.D. Hopper 4434a(PERTH 00843806);Split Rocks, 31a57'S, 119o39'E,2 Sep. 1986, S.D. Hopper 5413 (PERTH 00843814); Mt Buraminya, 33414'S,123008'E,23 Arg.89,S.D. Hopper 7444 (PERTH 1829815);Mt Ney,40 km NofCondingup, "18291'57). 33a24'5,122a28'E,12 Sep.91, S.D. Hopper 8184 (PERTH

Distribution and hqbilat Occursfrom NerrenNerren Station to Mt Raggedin the northern,central and easternwheatbelt and adjacentgoldfields regions.Often grows on graniteoutcrops beneath scrub, but may be found in mallee and heath on sandplainin well-watered situations.Soils vary ftom sandsto loamy clays. (Figute 62C)

Flowering period. July to late September.

Etymology.Namedfrom the Greekpcciy (thick) and -ciilas (-lipped), alluding to the thickenedcallus on the apex of the labellum lamina comparedwith that of Caladeniq cuirnsiana'

Notes.Caladenio pachychila is alocally commonspecies ofpatchy distribution,previously considered to be a yariant of C. cairnsiana. C. pachychila differs in its generally shorter scapes,paler floral coloumtion, petalsand sepalssplayed down somewhatobliquely away from the ovary with a slightly incurved apex, its labellum lamina with thin pale maroon radiating stripes,held obliquely upwards below 45o, triangular with roundedentire margins in outline when flattened,slightly ascendingwith downcuwed margins over entire length, terminating in a noticeabtythickened red-maroon V-shaped apicalcallus 2-3 mm long, margins at widest point moderatelycurved downwards and terminatedby vertically descendingrnargins, and its generally more inland distribution

Both Caladeniapachychila arldC- cairnsiana are pollinated by sexually-deceivedmale thynnid wasps, and expedmentsusing bait flowers have confirmed that different speciesof pollinators are involved (A.P. Brown, unpublished).This biological barrier lendsfurther credenceto the recognition of C. pachychila as a distinct species.

Caladenia pachychila hybridizes with C. incensa in the north-eastemwheatbelt and adjacent ', 'deruorl '9,90.6II 'S,6t"Ig elppql Jodo1 :(99199619 HI6g4) c'egggyoddo11 O S't86I des 9 'uo1dtuu11 1y.,11;o5 uq 8'9 :(€r9t9200HJU14,) glgp nddog q S't86I dasI'A,8I"6II'S,9I.09 'uoqcef II IJoAS UDI € ltrH Suturuppnnt:(gfZf ZZOOfffUAa'X'CgJ'(W) 986€nddog q g'yg61 '3nV 'A,SO.8I 'S,Zt.IE 'urpaxeI gt t I Jo,{\SA uDttZ 1IIH seurHJo sedots gS :(SIZOLZOOfffUga) '?nV 'A,ZV"gtt 'S,€9.0€'peor g71gnddo11 OS'€86I Zt npl[eg-sllrH ue8uol6eql uo JJourn] 'q'g'8161 Surue,trer4:(etZZtZOO Htu.gd) g9g1nddog 8nV 9I'A,?g.8II'5,99.79'puoruepf11 -uurpuot eqluo 1l1g qreSFe;1o g5 uq € ;vITfUJSnV NUALS{N\'pamuoxa suautcads palcalag

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80 km ESE of Hyden, 32'35'5, 119"45'E, 1 Sep.1986, S.D. Hopper 5380(PERTH 01191942);Great Northern Highway, 1km NNE of Wubin,30'06'5, 766'39'E,23 Aug. 1988, S.D. Hopper 6504a,h (PERTH 01932497);Nargalyerin Rock NatureReserye, nearthe N boundary,c. 90 km E ofMerredin, 31'27'5, 119'10'30" E, 17 Sep. 1988,S.D. Hopper 6703 (PERTI{ 01'796731)

Distribution and habirat,.Locally common in WesternAustralia on seasonallydamp soils neargmnite outcropsor latedtic hills in the wheatbeltftom Wubin and Hines Hill to the SouthemCrosFMelredin distdct, and extends southwardsto near Lake King, For possible easternstates populations, see discussionbelow. (Figure 62D)

Flowering period. August to September.

Etymology.Named, from theLalin Paradoxas(mawellous, strange, contrary to expectations),alluding to the difficulty we had in finally resolvingthe specific statusof caladenia paradoxa. Initially (in the early 1980s),wethought itwas a form of C. denticulata,lhenofC.dimitlia, andfor sometime considered it conspecificwith the eastemAustralian c. flaccida (Jones1991), and allied to c. pulchra (Hoflman and Brown 1992,1998). It was not until the final amendmentsto this manuscriptwerebeing made that we resolvedthe paradox.

Notes.Coladenia paradoxa is a necessarynew namefol C./ilsmenlosayar.tentaculala, since the latter epithet had been used in 1847 by Schlectendahlat the specific level for an orchid in the C. dilatata complexfrom SouthAustralia and V ictoria.'fhe typeof C.filamentosavar. tentaculala is r good match for C. poradoxa (lateral sepals,for example,are 7-8 cm long), so we considerit to bs conspecific.

The taxonomy of this specieshas been problematic, and remainsso for anomolouspopulations in SouthAustralia, westem Victoria andsouth-wester New SouthWales. ln WesternAustralia, therc {lls a number of cream-floweredspecies in lhe Caladeniafilamentosa complex.C. vulgatu, C. pendens, C. nobitis and C. ex.ilis share with C. paradoxa pendulous lateral sepals and petals. However, C. paradoxa differsfrom thesefour speciesin having a smallerlabellum. From C. adlrs in particular, c. paradoxa also differs in its linear-rhomboidalto narrowly triangular labellum, and its habitat of seasonallydamp sites near granite outcrops or iateritic hills, not the salt lake margins favoured by C. exilis.C. paradoxa's long slenderdrooping sepals and petals are distinctive features that distinguish the speciesftom other cream-floweredspecies with a similar-sizedlabellum such as C. hiemalis and C. dinidia. C. microchila differs frorn C. paradoxa by its smaller labellum and stiffly held tepals'

In resolving the identity of specimensftom South Austmlia, westernVictoria and south-western New South Wales, care would needto be taken in discriminatingbetween Caladenia paradoxa and othercream-floweredmembers ofthe C.i lamentosacomplex,incfudingC. flaccida andC, microchila.

Although we once considered Caladenia paradoxa to be conspecific with C flaccida (e.g. Hoffman & Brown 1992, 1998), we have been able to re-examinespecimens and drawings (courtesyof D.L. Jones)ofthe typepopul ationofC flaccidafrom Sim's GapinNew SouthWales (Jones 1991).It is clearthat C.paradoxa differsfrom typical C./accida in its shorterleaves less than half the length of the scape,its somewhatlonger petals and sepals,and its slightly longer labellum.

Caladeniaparadoxa hybridizeswith C. dlmidia at locationsnear Merredin, Hines Hill and Wubin. C, pulchra also grows and intergradeswith C. paradoxa nearOngerup. 'elurras fpualslsuoc ere lll€c Iunllequl leut8ruu s1tpue 'xede snolnpuedxel e qlrn dpuelsrsuocsludos pue s1u1edslr'urunloc pue slede1.Ie?uolqll^\'sle,trog '"lr31n( '3 roSreydllereue8 s1r ur sJeJJIplnq J glJA pasnJuoceq osle ,{tur pue o1:eeu sNot8 suapuad 'uorlnqrJlsrp 'Eurruel puelureroru slr pu€ unlyequl aql go q13ua1er JI?qol ^luo SulpuolxeIIIBJ l€lluet 'eltuas 'xede s1r dlluetsrsuoJrll€c runlloqul leur8reurs1r snolnpuadxe1 e qt1.t dlluelsrsuocsledes pue 'rnopo 'runlleqel spled s1r eltl-srullt Jo lae,trs,{p{clse qlIA\ pue rellerus fllensn sJs,llogsu la,troreu .2'tettemopl'ez1s stt ut slllqou , uroq sJeJJrpsr.."puad u slfqou p Sutqcuorddesuou.tlcods 3tq q1t,t 'dnot? o\ogpt'2 a'q1 ur run1leqe1lse8rey pue spdes lse8uoleqt s8qll st/lgor ? tuor; gedy suotlenlts 'saloN peJalet\lle^\ lcrTe.rur pelnqulslp ,(lyuclpurodssaroads uoruruocun w st suapuadotuapDlD)

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A populationpossibly of Caladeniapendezs has been found nearDunsborcugh on the Leeuwin- NaturalisteRidge, but it differs from wheatbeltpopulations in its pale yellowish colouration.

There are two subspecies of Caladeniapezdens. distinguished in the fbllowing key:

Key to subspeciesof Caladenia pendens

1. Flowers cream,with pale to dark maroon lines, spotsand blotches; floral odour sometimesfaint, sickly sweet. Petals8-12 mm long. I-abellumlamina 15-19 mm long...... subsp.pendens 1 : Flowers dark pinkish maroon (rarely cream),with pale to dark maroon lines, spots and blotches;floral odou strongly citrus. Petals5.5-9 mm long. Labellumlamina 11-17 mm long ...... subsp.talbotii

Caladenia pendens Hopper & A.P. Br. subsp.pendens

Caladenia varians subsp.pendens Hopper & A.P . Br. nom. invql. in Hoffman & Brown, Orchids of South-WestAustralia,2nd edn,p- 34 (7992).

Illustrations.K.Duon, B. Buirchell & M. Collins (eds),Orchids of WestemAustralia--cultivationand natural history, colour plate d opposite p. 4l las Caladenia denticulatal (1989); N. Hoffman & A. Brown, Orchids of South-WestAustralia, 2nd edn, p. 34 las Caladenia varians stbsp. pendensl (1992) and rev. 2nd edn with suppl., p. 34 (1998).

Flowers crezrn,with pale to dark maroon lines, spotsand blotches;floral odour sometimesfaint, sickly sweet. Petals & 12 mm long. Labellum lamina 15-19 mm long. (Figure 57S-V)

Selectedspecimens ex.an lned WESTERNAUSTRAIIA:Graham Rock,17.5kmE ofHyden,32a28'S, 119403'E,6 Sep. 1984, S.D. Hopper 4078a (PERTH 00271748);800 m W of Wedin N road on Wickepin Harrismith road, 32455'5, L17e42'E,7 Sep. 1984, S.D. Hopper 4118a (CBG, PERTH 01858548); 400 m N of Bullaring-Pingelly road on Bulyee Rd, 32031'5, 11.7a31.'8,7Sep. 1984, S.D. Hopper 4131 (CBG, PERTH 00691712); 13 km S of Wagin on Norring I-ake Rd, 33e25'S, 117053'E,23 Sep.1984,5.D. Hopper 41.60(CBG, PERTII00264954); CapeNaturaliste Rd,500 m SE ofEagle Bay tumoff, 33035'S,115q04'E, 26 Sep.1985,S.D. Hopper 4658 (CBG, PERTH 00910708); Birdwhistle Rock, c. 27 km ENE of Narrogin, 32a53'S,1.1.7e28'E,23 Sep. 1988,S.D. Hopper 6770 (PERTH 01191977).

Distribution and.habitqt. Extends sporadically throughout the centml wheatbelt from the Wongan Hills areasouth to nearWagin and Hyden. Grows in well-wateredsandy soils associatedwith isolated graniteoutcrops or with dses nearsalt lakes and rivers.A populationpossibly of Cahdenia pendens subsp.pendens has been found near Dunsboroughon the Leeuwin-Naturaliste Ridge. (Figure 634,)

Flowering period. Septemberto October.

Noter. This is the most widespreadofthe two subspecies,typified by its consistentlycoloured cream flowers, usually longer petals and labellum, and its sickly sweetfloral odour. 7-

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H 261 Nt ]tsid Vol. 14, No. 1/2 (2001)

Caladeniapendens subsp. talbotii Hopper& A.P.Br., subsp.nov.

Caladenia varlans subsp.talbotii Hopper & A.P.Br. nom. invql. in Hoffma\ & Brown, Orchids of South-WestAustralia, 2nd edn: p. 40 (L992).

Asubspeciebusaliis petalissepalisque crassis atro roseis vel cremeislineis suffusionibusmarroneis promentibusdiffert.

?yprs; 1 km west of Dobadeny Road, 32 km south-westof Beverly, 32o12'S, 116436'E,Western Australia, 11 September1987, S.D. Hopper 6019 (ftolo; PERTH 01201484).

Illustrations. N.Hoffman & A. Brown, Orchidsof South-WestAustralia,2nd edn,p.40las Caladenia varicns subsp.talbotii nom. inval.l (L992) and rev. 2nd edn with suppl.,p. 40 (1998).

F/owers dark pinkish maroon (rarely cream),with pale to dark maroon lines, spotsand blotches; floral odour strongly citrus. Petals 5.5-9 mm long. Labellum lamina I l,-17 mm.long. (Figure 64A-K)

Selectedspecimens examined.. WESTERN AUSTRAIIA: c. 1 km W of DobaderryRd, 4 km N of Dale West Rd, c. 32 km SW of Beverly, 32412'5, I1,6436'E,11 Sep. 1987, S.D. Hopper 6019 (PERTH 01201484);5miles [8 km]Nof York,20 Sep.1925,MissPrice s.z. (PERTH 00265969);Dryandra State Forest, Narogin map 1:100,000,Grid Reference003730, L6 Sep. L987, D.M. Rose 245 (PERTH 07700472);PennyroyalGully,0.25 mile [600 m]above spring,22oct.1905,O.H. Sargents.n. (PER'|H 00266396).

Distribution and habirar.A poorly known subspeciesapparently confined to winter-wet Wandooflats in the eastemJarrah forest to the south-westof York, northwardsto the Watheroo area.(Figure 63.4)

Flowering period. Septemberto October.

Etymology.NamedafterMr Len Talbot (1926-), foresterwith the ForestsDepa mentand(since1985) the Departmentof Conservationand Land Management,until his retirementin 1991,in appreciation of the considerableassistance he hasprovided us in searchingfor and locating rare forest plants.I-€n accompaniedSDH on sevenl tdps to locationsof the orchid namedafter him.

Notes. Caladeniapendens subsp.talbolii is apparcntlyrestdcted to a small areaof the eastemJarah forest. Its colservation status requires further research.It is more colourful than the nominate subspecies,and has shorterpetals and labellum, with a citrus floral odour.

Caladenia polychrorna Hopper & A.P. Bt., sp. nov.

A Caladenia dimidia Hopper & A.P. Br. floribus majoribusdiffeft1' aC. vulgataHopper & A.P. Br. petalis sepalisquerigide effusis et callis brevibus.

Typus: 5.5 km wesfnorth-west of Lake Nuniup, 26 km wesfnofih-west of Kendenup on road to Frankland,34023'S, 117422'E, Westem Australia, 1 October 7983,5. D. Hopper 3412 (holo: PERTH O0268321; iso: AD, CANB, MEL). 's6uol .I d dq u^{er( Brulltod - ) :epK ttrog uurnlor - I :luog uro.rJ uunloc - I:qsr Buluq tlnlleqel-H:eprs uro4 urnfloqslpruoFas dlpupn]FuoJ- O :op!suo.g Enlloqel-J:o^oqe rIIo{umlloqelpouollsu-g:xrd?FdelEorJsrreq-C:odecsroddnuosrreqJElnpuelS-J:odecsro^rolI!o{srrsq-g 'IJ'ooraqleiA 'pd 'dsq(s 'lg :loetd - V /s qcueq Jo quou l|H e13eg wo4 uoqo| suepuddt uepoftC ema!!

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Illustrations.D.Iones, Native OrchidsofAustralia, p. 113topphotolasCaladeniadenticulata](7988); N. Hoffman & A. Brown, Orchidsof South-WestAustralia,2nd edn,p. 43 (1992) andrev. 2nd ednwith suppl.,p.43 (1998).

P/czl solitary or in small to large clumps-Leaf ercct,linear,7-12 cm x34 mn, pale green,basal third usually irregularly blotchedwith red-purple.Scape 20-30 cm tall. Flowers 1'or 2(3)' c. &-12 cm across,variable in colour from white to yellow ot dalk maroon, with maroon suffusions, lines or blotches;floral odour strong, like buming metal. Sepalsand petals stiffly held, linear-lanceolatein basal1/5-114, then abruptly narrowing to a dark brown denselyglandular long-acuminate filamentous apex lacking a tumescentosmophore; glandular hairs elongate,cylindrical, Dorsal sepol erecta\d slightly incurved,4.5-10 cm x 2_3mm. Lateral sepalsspreading obliquely downwards,4.5-10 cm x 3-4 mm. Petals spreadin' obliquely upwards to horizontal or obliquely downwards,4.5-9 cm x 2-3 mm. Labellum pale yellow-cream with prominent radiating maroon stripes and markings, becoming large irregular spots and blotches(rarely uniformly maroon) towards the recurvedapex, stiffly articulate on a claw c. 1.5 mm wide; lamina rhomboidal in outline when flattened, 10-17 x 10- 13mm, obscurely3lobed, erectwith entiremargins in basalthird, nearlyhorizontal in middle third, apical third sharply tecurved,margins at widest point moderatelycurved upwards and terminatedby ascendingcalli, distal margins dentatewith truncatewhite to pale maroon marginal calli decrescent towardsthe apex.1-amina calli in 6-14 pairsin 2 rows extendingabout half the length of the labellum, creamy-white,narrowly anvil-shaped,the longestc. 1 mm tall, slightly decrescentdistally. Column 10-13 x 4-6 mm, narrowly winged, creamy yellow with maroonblotches, sparsely hirsute with short glandular hairs on outer surface.A nther c. 2.5 x 2.5 mm, pale yellow or greenish-yellow.Pollinia c. 1-1.5 mm long, y ellow. Stigma c.2.5 mm wide. Capsulenot seen.(Figure 65A-F)

Selectedspecimens examined. WESTERN AUSTRALIA: 20 km SE of Moodiarrup on the Collie- Changeruproad,33043'S, 116o56'E,28 Sep. 1985,A. Brown 231'(AD, CBG, K, MELB' PERTH 00905895);Gordon River Bridge, NW of Cranbrookon Albany Highway, 34014'5,11'7e27'E' l Oct 1.983,A.Brown s.n. (PERTH 00335436CBG); Water ReserveNumber 21748,S ofBorden township, 34005'S,118015'E, 1 19ep.1982,A.Brown&5.D. Hopper2564 (CBC, PERTII0026734i);26 km ENE ofWilga, 33o39'S,116430'E,2 Oct. 1984, E. Chapmans.n ('\D, CANB, K, MEL, PERTH01670131); 7 km E ofToolibin Lake,32055'S,111a42'E,7 $ep.1980, A.S. George 16198 (PERTH 00268798); 7.5km NE ofMount Barkeron North Carbarup Rd,34034'S, 117042'8,30 Sep. 1983,5.D. Hopper34O4 (PERTH 00268364);6.8 km S of Mt Hampton, 31049'5, 119405'E,5 Sep 1984' S.D. Hopper 4063 (PERTHOO272639);Graham Rock, 17.5km E ofHyden,32028'S, 119003'E,6Sep.1984'5.D. Hopper 4078a(PERTH 01935097); Pallarup Rock,44.5 km NNW ofRavensthorpe,33015'S, 119"45'E, 6 Sep. 1984, S.D. Hopper 4094b (PERTH 01935186); Stirting Range National Park, between Bluff Knoll Road and PapaCola Creek on ChesterPass Rd, 34!20'S, 118012'E,21 Sep. 1984,S.D. Hopper 4758 (PERTH 00792357); Bremer River crossing on Devils Rd, 29 km NW of Bremer Bay, 34413'5, 119009'8,5Oct. 1984,5.D. Hopper 421'8(AD, CBG, K, PERTH00266914);Tenterden Nature Reserve, 34e22'5,ll7e33'E,15 Oct.1986, S.D. Hopper 5716 (PERTH 01191969).

Distribution and habilat Extendsfrom Ravensthorpewest to Tone Bridge, and north to Katanning. Mainly favours damp soils associatedwith Wandoo or SwamPYate open woodlands.(Figure 638)

Flowering periotl. Septemberto October.

Etymology. Named from the Greek poly- (many, numerous), and chromus (pertaining to colour), alludins to the variable floral colouration. 'IrFlBd I s trq3ul^\uro I rr err.nuqurnfioqel - A\:o8ul4 rtrn oqel- :tuo4ruo4 re,nou- n :lurld-"L l s uaor&'A VhJalI.aul.\ve]rrf,eqlwotJoqtuox'J1'lr-L eluuod-S:ruo{trto{ surnloa-U:Ip. eururqunlloq?l - O:o8upJtun oqel- d:luo.g (lo{ uunloc pur lunlleqBl- O:luo4 tuo{ ra,l\og- N 'I :ttreld - y,r'rgog raddoH o'5' llJea puolleN duoSlgL 'uuor!otoBFA ? s:-fi slulllod - :luorJ tlloq uunloJ - t :rlsr 'eete uurrrJelumlleqel - I :opls uro{ uumlor ptrBrrrnlloq€l - I tuo{ uorJ re \oB - H :lueld - C WL u^o.tg d'V stt\to uou{ps eql uro.q!!t4o.1 3 1-9 etuttlod- g ituo{ Eoq uurnloc- A:llFc luFrsl umflequl-(:.pls uro{ tlnlleqel- C '89It lriro.g urorJ .ro.rog - g tu?ld - v raddoH oS'e8u?U 8uI{lS t!o{ ouorqttlod oflapDIDC't-V 99 atn?lg

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Notes.Caladenia polychromais a commonand widespread species ofthe south-westemand southern wheatbeltand adjacentareas. It differs ftom C. d.imidiain its larger flowers, the filiform apicesare 314415lhe totallength ofits petalsand sepals,its more southedyand south-westerlydistribution, and its preferencefor wetter soil conditions in Wandoo and Swamp Yate woodlands.

Caladeniapolychrona differs from the rare C. fuscolutescensin its larger flowers varying from white to yellow or dark maroon,with maroon suffusions,lines or blotches,its stiffly held petals and sepals linearJanceolatein basal 1,15ll4, its petals spreading obliquely upwards to horizontal or obliquely downwards,and its preferencefor damp soils further to the north and east.

Alongwith severalother new taxadescribedherein,CQladeniapolychromafor along time hasbeen regardedas a variant of C.fikrmentosa vEr. denticulata, or as C. denticulata(e.g. George 1971; Jones 1988).C. denticulata is similar to C. poly chroma.but differs in its nanower paler-colouredlabellum with narrow well-spaced labellum marginal calli, and the arching petals and lateral sepalswith a pendulousapex. C. p olychromahasflowers similar in sizeto thoseof C.pendens,but differs in its stiffly splayedpetals and sepals,and in its squatcalli that are white on top.

Uncommon yellow variantsof Caladeniapolychroma occttrnear the rare C, luteola,bfi differ in their longerfilamentous apices to the petalsand sepals, their shorter column, and the non-glistening topsto the centralcalli of the labellumlamina.

Caladenia polychroma is one of the most locally abundant taxa in the Western Australia C.filamentosa complex.Northern and eastern populations are somewhat smaller-flowered than south- western populations centred in the Borden area. C, polychroma's variable colouration within populationsis a sourceof delight, often addedto by the occurtenceofuncommon hybridswith species suchasC. roei,C. cairnsianaandC. doutchiae. C. polychromaalso appears to hybridizewith C. dimidia r'earJerramungup, Borden and further north nearNarrogin, Wedin and Pingelly, and with C. pulchra nearJerramungup. It may do likewise with C. xazlha andC. chapmanii at sporadicsites along the westemmargins of thewheatbelt.

Calad€nia postea Hopper & A.P. Br., sp.nov.

Caladenia varians stbsp. postea Hopper & A.P. Br. nom. inval.ln Hoffman & Brown, Orchids of South-WestAustralia,2nd edn,p.30 (1992).

ACaladenia vulgata Hopper & A.P. Br. petalissepalisque rigide ferentibusbasaliter, tum deorsum arcuatis,et florescentiaserotina diffe .

Iypus: JunctionofDarkan andWarrigal Rds,FlynnState Forest,32"05'5,116"27'8, WestemAustralia, 26 October 1999,F. Hort749 (,o/or PERTH 05444292).

I llustrations.N. Hoffman & A. Brown, Orchidsof South-WestAustralia, 2nd edn,p.30las Caladenia varians stbsp.posteal (1992) and rev. 2nd edn with suppl.,p. 30 (1998).

Plcrl solitary or in small clumps.Zerz/erect, linear, 7-10 cm x c. 3-5 mm, pale green,basal third usually inegularly blotchedwith red-putple.Scape 16-20 cm tall. Flowers 7 or 2, c.4-5 cm across, cream,with pale maroon lines, spotsand blotches;flolal odour faint, lik e b]umingmetal Sepalsand perals stiffly held nearbase with lax apex,linearJanceolate in basal 1/3-112,then abruptly narrowing 'Cluaa ',/\,\SN'.Ight'>I'SNVJ'(Jv:oqt6€St Z00HLA1|:o1otlg1l7y oddo11 O S"t86I.reqorrog'Eleqsnv 'A.99o8II 'S,89.tt 'pU 'dn8unureual;o urelse.A dnp,trepeSJo quou ru>J9 qlnosu{ S :sndfJ

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Figre 66. Caladenia poslea from Darkin River crossinB,Yarra Road, CJ. Frcnch s.n. A - plants; B - flower from front; C-hairsfromtepalapex;D-flattenedlabellumfromabove;E-labellumfromside;F-longitudinallysectionedlabellum from side;G labellumlamina calli; H-columnfrom front; l-columnfrom side;J - pollinia.Drawn by D.L. Jones. 'sarcedsqns eq1tro spled pue sledespernoloc ,{llqrtneeq 3uo1 aluclyapeqt ol SulpnllB '(.{lluegecxe'dlpgrtneeq) atqqnd ultr1 eqt ruoq peuvN tSololutlg

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oluapDlo)Z.lSoloprl O uerlsrtsnvurolseiA'u^\or{ dVtr'reddoH O'S ,vu)rstavol. 14,No. 1/2(2001)

Etymology.Narnedfuom the latin remotu.t(scattered, remote), alluding to the distributionmuch further inland than relatedspecies, as far north as any other caladeniashave beenrecorded.

Notes. Caladenia remota is a dislirrctiveinland relative of C. vulgata characterisedespecially by its broaderleaf, and more splayedusually shorter petals and sepals.It may be found growing near to C, incensa,fromwhich it diffeN in its longer nanower leaves,thinner more erectcalli that aredull on top, andpreference for wetter soils, AlotrgwithC. hirta and C. roei, thesetwo taxaextend the fu hest inland ofall south-westen Caladenia.Southem poPulationsof C. remota may occv withC. dimidia, but differ in their larger consistentlycream flowers with lax apiceson the petalsand lateralsepals, and their broader leaf. These southem populations have a smaller column and labellum than northern populations,so we recognisetwo subspeciesof C. rezolc.

Key to subsp€ciesof Cebdenb remota

1. Labellumlamina 13-18 x L1-1.2mm. Column12-15 mm taII...... subsp. remota 1: Labellumlamina 9 14 x 8-10 mm. Column9-11 mm...... subsp.parva

Caladenia remota Hopper & A.P. Br. subsp.remota

Caladenia variqns stbsp. remota Hopper & A.P. Br. nom, invaL.rn Hoffman & Brown, Orchids of South-WestAustralia, 2nd edn, p.36 (1992).

Lqbellumlamina 13-18 x 11-12 mm. Column12-1.5 mm tall. (Figure68)

I llustrations.N.Hoffm an & A. Brown, Orchidsof South-WestAustralia, 2nd edn,p.36las Caladenia varians stbsp. remotal (1992) and rev. znd edn with suppl., p. 36 (1998).

"1963, Selectedspecimen exam in ed WESTERN AUSTRALIA: Wuraga District, Attg Y. Chadwick 2039 /PERTH 00265527.

Distribution and hebitaL Confined to thickets beside seasonallywet sites on or adjacentto granite outcropsin pastoralcountry betweenKarroun Hill and north of Yalgoo, then west to Eurady Station. (Figure 69,4)

Flowering period. August to early September.

Notes. Caladenia remota subsp.remota is more widespreadthan subsp.panra and is typified by its larger labellum, taller column, and granite rock habitat.

Caladenia remota subsp.pana Hopper & A.P.Br., subsp.nov.

A subspeciebustypica labello minoribus (9-14 x 8-10 mrn) et columna 9-11 mm alta differt.

Typus. Wuraga District, 28025'S, 116416'E,Western Austnlia, August 1963, Y. Chadwick 2039 ( ho lo : PERTH 00265527 \.

Illustration. N. Hoffman & A. Brown, Orchids of South-WestAustralia, rev. 2nd edn with suppl.,p. 424 (1.998\. 'sauo11-q - {q u,nerq-eurtlod - N:epts ruo{ uurnlot- l,{ :luoq ulog utunlor-'I :IIIet eululel unn.qel ):snlpt eUItUEI - - tunllaqel Ieseq- f:epls uro{ u-rnlloq?lposolpes fll?ulpnt!8uol I:oprs luo{ unlleqDl H:a^oq? u-Io4tunlloqDl pouelleg-D - :xade l?del ruorJ srrsq - C lluo{ ruorJ re^{oD g :ede.s loddn uo sr!?q rPinpu?I8 d :rdDcs olppllu ulo4 - - 'dsqns gg srrBq- ) :od?csro^\ol rlro{ srl?q B :lwld V 8 EOLu^otg d V'ooro?Ellnd uro{ rrorral rl ouat otuapolo3 anBq

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Ko 1mm

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fiuapopJ z: liflolopt\.)roupllel]snv uotse/d'o^iorg dV?roddoH ('S 280 xrytrta Vol. 14,No. 1/2(2001)

midlobe, prominently z-coloured, pale greenishyellow with inconspicuouspale maroon radiating stripes,terminating in a uniformly dark maroon sharply recuwed apex,stiffly afiiculate on a claw c. 1mm wide; lamina transverselyovate with a small obtuse apex in outline when flattened, 10-12 x 8 12 mm, basal third curving from erect to horizontal, middle third horizontal,apical third horizontalto downcurvedterminating in the last 2-3 mm in a sharplyrecurved apex, margins atwidest point moderately curved upwards; lateral lobes erect to hodzontal with entire margins; midlobe marginsentire, Zcm ina calli aggregatedand often fusedat the basein a densecentral continuous band extendingabout 2/3 the length of the labellum and stoppingabout 1mm before the dark maroon apex, purplish with pale greenishyellow base,erect, linear with a shiny broadly cuneatehead, the longestc. 1.5 mm tall. Column 1.C_12x 7-8 mm, broadly winged, greenish-yellowwith maroor suffusions. Anther c.2.5 x2.5 mm, yellow-green.Pollinia c.2 mmlotg,yellow. Stigma c.2.5 mm wide. Capsule not seen.(Figure 65G-L)

Selectedspecimens examined. WESTERN AUSTRALIA: ENE ofLake King, 6 Sep.1979,A. Brown s.z.(PERTH 00260681);SSW ofBalladonia,22 Aug. 89,S.D. Hopper 7 402 (PERTH 1828789);SSW ofBalladoniaMotel, 14 Sep. 1980, K??. Newbey1312(PERTII00334448); Dowak East, 10 Sep. 1978, D.R. Voigt 86pp (PERTH 00260673).

Distribution and hobitdl. Occursin scattercdpopulations between the Bremer Rangeand Balladonia, growing in a rangeof habitatsfrom shallow soil pocketson granite outcrops,to tall denseshrubland on inlandsandplains, and more open shrubland on themargins ofsalt lakes. Soil ranges from deep sand, to sandy-claysand graniticloams. (Figure 69C)

Flowering period, August to early October.

Etymology.Named after Mr D.R. Voigt (193G) of Esperance,farm contractorand dedicatedorchid enthusiastand photographer, who hasan exceptional knowledge ofthe orchids ofthe Esperance region, andwho originallydiscovered this speciesin 1977.Don hasaccompanied us on severalfield tripsin searchof orchids, and has assistedour researchin many other ways.

Not€s.A scatteredand widespreadspecies (Priority Four) that was, until recently,on the scheduleof DeclaredRare Flora (Hopper et al. 1990)but due to recentdiscoveries of large populationson secure landshas now beenremoved from that list. Caladeniavoigtil usually hassolitary pale greenish-yellow flowers marked with maroon to purple lines and suffusions,and a transverselyovate labellum with broadly cuneate-tippedcalli often fused at the base.Its nearestally appearsto be C. cristota, which differs in itsmore darkly markedflowers, its cordateshorter labellumwith narrow globular{ipped calli that arefree to the base,its smallercolumn, andits centreofdistribution some400 km to the north-west in thePithara Miling area.

Caladeniavoigtii is also relatedto C, brevisura,C. incrassata,and C. doutchiae,all of which have sepalswith an osmophoreand short narrow bandsof lamina calli. Hybrids have beenfound between C. voigtii andC. brevisura where the distributionsof the two speciesoverlap. A rare hybrid benveen C. voigtii and C. microchila occvs near Dowak nofth of Salmon Gums.

Caladenia vulgata Hopper & A.P. Br., sp. rov.

A Caladenia denticulqta Lindl. petalis sepalisqueplerumque laxis uniformiter cremeis lineis marroninis,et callis exilioribus et elatioribusnotis roseisad apicem differt. 7

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Flowering period. August to October.

Etymology.NamedfromlheLatlnvulsatus (common),alluding to thewidespread distribution andlocal abundanceof the species.

Notes. Caladenia vulgata is the most widespreadmember of the Westem Australian C. filamentosa complex. In the past, it, togetherwith other common speciesincluding C polychroma, C. incensa, C. dimidia. C. remota, C. nobilis and C. denticulata have been referred to as C. filamentosa var' denticulata (e.g. George1971; Hoffman & Brown 1984).

Caladenia vulgata is a variable taxon requiring further study. For example,a tall race with long sepalsand petals and a putrid odour occurson the SwanCoastal Plain nearYalgorrlp.C,vulSata is most simjlar to two other narrowleaved cream-floweredspecies with which it is sometimessympatric. Tltey areC. pendens, from which C. vulgata differs in its generallyshorter sepals and petals (the latter with a stiffly held obliquely descendingapex), and its generallysmaller labellum, and C. etills, from which C. vulgata differsin its larger andbroader labellum C. vulgata alsomay be found growing with C. nobitis,whichhas much largerflowers with a broaderlabellum and largercolumn,withC hiemalis, which hasshorter scapes, tepals and an earlier flowering season,and with C. meridionalis,which also flowers earlierand has more stiffly heldPetals and sepals with a dark glandularapex, and shorter scapes. On the Swan CoastalPlain, C. nobilis and,C. vulgota may occasionallyhybridize when sympatric Further north, no such hybrids have been recorded.

Northern populations of Caladenia vulgald may grow neartoC incensa,butthelatterdiffers in its broaderleaf, broadertepals, short squatcalli, and its preferencefor heavier (clayJoam) soils. To the no h-west of Northampton,C. valgala grows besideand hybridiseswith C. e/egazs,which differs in itsyellow colouration, longer broader tepals, thicker and more squat calli, and its preference forwinter- wet clay soils.

In Kalbarri National Park, Caladenia vulSata has been recorded hybridising occasionallywith C. wanosa,Yery rarehybrids ofC. vulgata andCaladenia drakeofules have been found nearPithara.

Caladenia xantha Hopper & A.P. Br., .rp.zov.

A Calatleniapoly chroma Hopper& A.P. Br. tepalisbrevioribus aureis apicibus filiformibus fuscis et florescentiapraecoci difffert.

?ypzs: KojonupPingrup road, east of Katanning at east end of gravel reserveand rubbish dump, 1.3 km west ofairport turnoff, 33042'S,117!39'E', Western Australia, 15 August 1985,A.P.Brown 1'92 (iolo: PERTH 00905925;iso; AD, CANB, K, MEL, NSW).

Illustrations.K.Dixon, B. Buirchell & M. Collins (eds),Orchids of WesternAustralia cultivationand 'Yellow natural history, colour plate d8 oppositep. 67 las Caladenia species Mini Spider Orchid'l (1989);N. Hoffman& A. Brown,Orchids of South-WestAustralia,2nd edn, p.54 (1992)and rev. 2nd ednwith suppl.,p.54 (1998).

P/art in small to large clumps, rarely solitary..Lealerect,Iinear, 8-20 cm x 3 5 mm, pale green, basal third usually irregularly blotched with red-purple. Scape 15-26 cm tall. Flowers I ot 2, c. 7-10 cm across,pale to rich yellow, with dark brown linesor blotches;floral odourunknown.Sepal-s 'Dqtuzx ') 'u,trou1 Jo uosaesSurre,trog ,{pe eql Jo esneJeq{lqrssod lou ere serceds:eqlo q1r,,'rspuq.{11 selrs ewosN stlowatq ) ql!t^pue Dwot\Jf,lod J qlr.i!\sezpuqdq r qtuox t)Mapolo)

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(jlaNal!\,u^\olg .( DluapDlDJ Z tiSolopqcro u?llErtsnv d V ? reddoH S 286 Nrylsid Vol. 14,No. 1/2(2001)

Hybrids

Caladenia x aestantha Hopper & A.P. Br., hyb- nov.

A Calqdenia corynephora A.S. George floribus palentioribus et sepalislateralibus longioribus clavatis apicalibusdeficientibus differt.

Typus: edge of Scott River Plains, Westem Australia, 3 December 1986, A.P. Brown 548 (holo: PERTH).

DiffersfromCaladenia corynephoraA,S. Georgein its palerfloral colourationand its longerlateral sepals(to 5 cm) lacking an osmophore(Figure 72A, middle flower).

Distribution and habitat. Caladeniax aestanthais of restrictedoccurrence along the south coast of Westem Australia betweenAlbany and Augusta. lt is found in moist sites, often amongstscattered paperbarks,growin gwith C. corynephoro and C. serotina. (Fi|Jre 718)

Flowering period. Late Novemberto January.

Etymology. Named from the Latin aestas (summer), and anthus (flower), alluding to the summer flowering period of this hybrid.

Notes. A rare but distinctive hybdd betweenCaladenia corynephora and C. serotina, representedin herbariaby the type collection only.

Caladenia x cala Hopper & A.P. Br., hyb. nov.

A Caladenia longicaudn Lindl.labello late triangulari apice atro marronino differt.

?ypus.'c.8 km eastofBullaring on GorgeRock Rd, WestemAustralia,6 September,R.L. Heberle s.n. (h o lo : PERTH 0O255 602\.

Illustrations. W. Nicholls, Orchids of Australi4 plate 266 (1969)t W.R. Elliot & D.L. Jones, Encyclopaediaof Australian PlantsSuitable for cultivation, Vol. 2, p. 4O3(1982).

Differs from Caladenia longicauda Lindl. in its broadly triangular labellum with a dark maroon apex.

Selectedspecimens examined. WESTERN AUSTRALIA: JerdacuttupRiver, SW of Ravensthorpe, Oct. 1968, V.M. Bennetts.n. (PERTH 00309877);c. 10 km from Lake Graceon road to Karlgarin, 7 Sep.1978, R. Heberle s.z. (PERTH 00255599);Jerramungup townsite, 3 Oct. 1985,R. Heberlefor R. Peakall0046 (PERTTI00560928); Gordon River bridge, 3 Oct.1985, R. Heberlefor R. Peakall OO48 (PERTH 00560723); 5 km S of Jerramungup,33o58'S, 118056'E,5 Oct. 1984, S.D. Hopper 4212 (PERTT{00307033); Gairdner River NatureReserve, c. 17 km NEofJerramungup,33a50'S,1180 49'E, 24 Sep.1988,5.D. Hopper 6782 (PERTH 1670115);23.6 km NW of Kojonup to Darkan,21 km SE ofMoodiarup, Arthur River,26 Sep.1981, G.J. Keighery9158 (PERTH 00849936);Manmanning, 16 'opnoxtduol'J 'ereSuoq pne Dtqan ? uee,qaq sessolt urorJ pe^IJep sI 11 lo qtr.os s[1oxoiqlfua srydQocnT Jo spuelpoo.tl ol peuJuoc ptrqdq e:er fua^ Pus e^llsuJlslp e s! sua)sapooc x otuapolo)'saloN

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Caladeniax eludensHopper & A.P. Br., hyb.nov.

A Calndenia longicauda Lindl. floribus minoribus, fimbria labelli breviore et callis serialibus duobuslongitudinalibus aggregatis differt.

Typus:26 kn east-north-eastof Wilga, 25 km north-north-eastof Boyup Brook, 33039'S 116030'E, Westem Australia, 6 OcL 1.983,S.D. Hopper 3476 (holo: PERTH 00250287;lso; CBG!).

Differs ftom CaladenialongicaudaLindl. in its smallerflowers; its shorterlabellum fringe; and its calli aggregatedinto two longitudinal rows. (Figure 728)

Selectedspecimens examined. WESTERN AUSTRALIA: 20 km SE of Moodiarrup on the Collie- Changeruproad,33a43'S, 116456'E, 28 Sep.1985,A.Brown 234 (PERTTi00905887);26 km ENE of '1984,8. Wilga,33!39'5, i16!30'E,2 Oct. Chapmans.r. (AD, CANB, K, MEL, PERTH 00256285).

Distribution and habitat. Known only ftom the Boyup Brook-Collie area in Westem Australia. Favoursopen Wandoo woodland amongstscattered Rock Oak in deepsandy soils. (Figure 71D)

Flowering period. Septemberto October.

Etymology.Named ftom the Latin eludo(avoid, evade,frustrate, baffle), alluding to the extremerarity of this hybrid.

Notes. Caladenia x eludensis one of the rarest hybrids known to us, derived from a C, chapmanii x C. splendenscross. There are very few other collectionsof hybrids derived from crossesbetween membersof the C. f lamentosoand C. longicauda speciescomplexes in Westem Australia.

Caladenia x enigma Hopper & A.P. Br., hyb. nov.

ACaladenia x ornara Hopper etA.P. Br. lamina labelli vix trilobata,marginibus fimbriato-senatis segmentibusfimbriatis ad 3 mm longis, et callis decrescentibusin magnitudinesed extensisfere ad apicem laminae differt.

Typrrs.0.4 km west alongtrack parallel with milway line from tennisclub, Kulikup,33050'S,116440'E, \ryestemAustralia, 4 October 1985,R. Peakall 0068 (holo: PERTH 00561088).

Illustration. N. Hoffman & A. Brown, Orchids of South-WestAustralia, 1st edn,p.'72las Caladenia sp.l(1984).

Differsfuom Caladenia x ornataHopper & A.P. Br. in its labellumlamina scarcely 3-lobed, the marginsfimbriate-serrate with fringe segmentsto 3 mm long, and its calli decreasingin sizebut extendingalmost to theapex of thelamina.

Selectedspecimens examined. WESTERN AUSTRALIA: 7.5 km NNE of MountBarker on Nofih CarbarupRd, 34034'S, 117442'E, 30 Sep.1983,S.D. Hopper 3402 (PERTH 00250325); on Floraand FaunaRoad c.12 km NNE of ChowerupMill, 33q59'S,116a48'E, 6 Oct. 1983,S.D. Hopper 3489 (PERTH0171i059);3.4 km Wof DrummondTrack on old Ongerup road,33048'S, 119028'E,4 Oct. 'ouasra x ) - (f'.Daulurax )-J'.ao! os"plrax J-g'.oaSl arol apolrJ-V sdeuuolnquNro'€l orn8rC

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Distribution andhaDitat Foundthroughout the westernand southem wheatbelt between Watheroo and Munglinup, growingwith Caladenia longicaudn andC. barbarossq.Occurs in Wandoo woodlands, densesheoak thickets along dver coursesand in York Gum woodlands.Soils areusually clayJoams. (Figure 73A)

Flowering period. Septemberto October.

Etymology. Named from lhe Latin enigmus (puzzle), alluding to past mystery and confusion as to whether or not the taxon was a hybrid (e.g. Hoffman & Brown L984, pp.72'-15).

Notes. Cqladeniax enigma is ahybrl.dof C. longicauda and C. barbarosso'

Caladenia x ericksoniae Nicholls, Victorian Naturalist 66:214, f.E (1950). Type.'Bolgart, Western Australia, 27 September1949, R. Erickson s.n. (holo: MELI).

Illustrations. R. Erickson, Orchids of the West, 2nd edn, plate 28 No. 3 (1965); W. Nicholls, Orchids of Australia, plate244 (1,969);N. Hoffman & A. Brown, Orchids of South-WestAustralia, 1st edn, p. 90 (1984);C. Woolcock & D. Woolcock, Austmlian Tenestrial Orchids,plate 178 (1984); D. Jones, NativeOrchids ofAustralia, p. 1l7, topleft andcentre drawings (1988); M. Hodgson& R. Paine,Field Guideto AustralianOrchids, p. 64 (l989).

Diffes ftom Calade nia x lavandulaceainits smallerlabellum with fewer,thickercalli andmarginal teeth;and its shorterpetals and sepals.

Otherspecimens exan ined WESTERNAUSTRALTA: Paul'sValley,between Kojonup and Cranbrook, '1946, 28 Sep. 1931,Anon s.n. (PERTH 00240095);Bolgart, 1 Sep. Anon. s.n. (PERTH 00239631); Nightwell Rd, 12.5 km ESE of ChesterPass Rd, 34013'5, I18a22'8, 14 Oct. 1986,A. Brown 467 'S, (PERTH00928623);5 miles [8 km] W ofAlbanyon Ellekerroad, 35401 117048'E,2Oct.I971,A.S. George& L. Byrne ASG 11102(PERTH 00239615); Albany, 35001'S, 117053'E, 11 Oct. 1978,R. Heberles.n. (PER'IH 00239623);Water Reserve No.21748, S ofBorden township,34'Q05'S,118415'E, 11Sep.7982, S.D. Hopp€r 2563a(PERTH 01932470CBG); SE side ofjunction ofTwo PeoplesBay Rd and Sinker Reef Rd, 0.5 km S of Two PeoplesBay on Two PeoplesBay NatureReserve, 34058'S, 118010'E,30Sep. 1983,5.D. Hopper3411 (PERTH 0039194); upper reaches ofPappa Colla Gully, c. 9 km NNW ofBluffKnoll, Stirling Range,14 Sep. 1986,G.J.Keighery 8384 (PERTH 00858242); s. loc., R. Oliver s.n (PERTH 00239607);7 miles [12 km] E of Mt Brown, York, 5 Sep. 1909,t.O. Sargents.n. (PERTH 00239712);Tenterden, 11 Oct. 1977, A. lVilson s.n. (PERTH 00249424).

Distribution and habitat A common widespreadhybrid ofscatteredoccurrence between Albany and York. Occupiesa rangeofhabitats includingWandoo, Jam and sheoakwoodlands, shrublands adjacent to rivers and seasonalcreeks and granite outcrops.(Figute 73B)

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nanower labellum usually thrust well forward before recurving at the apex,which is often dark red.

Selectedspecimens examined. WESTERN AUSTRALIA: Frankland,s.d., J. Atkinson s.n. (PERTII 00912808);31 km N of Frankland on Kojonup road, 34011'S, 116459'E,3 Oct. 1978,A.S. George 15252 (PERTI-I 00290432);23 km NNE of Boyup Brook, 23 km ENE of Wilga siding, 33o38'S, 116029'E,6Oct. 1983,5.D.Hopper34TO (AD, CBG, PERTH 00290408);0.6km N of Muirs Highway atsiteofoldMuirs Bridge, 10km WNW ofRockyGully,34a29'S,116q 54'E,8 Oct.1983,5.D.Hopper 3525 0ERTII 00249904).

Distribution and habitat. Occurs in winter-wet flats and damp sites adjacentto rivers and creeks betweenYork, Nanogin and Rocky Gully. It is especiallycommon in areasbumt by summerfires. (Figure 73D)

Flowering period. Septemberto November.

E4tmology.Derived from the Latin €lserrus (protruding), alluding to the dispositionof the labellum.

Notes. Caladenia x exserta is a common hybrid of C. longicauda and,C. uliginosa.

Caladenia x exoleta Hopper & A.P. Br., hyb. nov.

ACaladenia roeiBenth.labello coloratiore marginibus dentatis et sepalislateralibus longioribus. A Caladeniax lavandulaceaR. Rogerscallis robustioribuspaucisque differt.

Tlpus: 6 km north-eastof Toolibin, 800 m west of Wedin North Rd on Wickepin-Harrismith road, 32a55'SJf7a42'E,WestemAustralia,T September 1.984, S. D. Hopper 4L19(holo:PERT}I 00250805).

Illustration. N.Hoffman & A. Brown, Orchidsof South-WestAustralia, 1stedn, p. I36las Caladenia aff. Iav a n du I ac e al (1.98 4).

Differs from Caladenia roei Benlh. in its more colourful labellum with dentatemargins and its longer lateralsepals (to 5 cm). Differs from C. x lavandulaceaR. Rogersin its more robustand fewer calli.

Selectedspecimens examined. WESTERN AUSTRAIIA: N of Goomalling, Wongan Hills turnoff, 9Aug. 1959,,4.S.George 68 (PERTH 00239674);in the SW comerof Muntadgin Wheatbin,3la45'S, 118a33'E,14 Sep. L985,S.D. Hopper 4592(PERTI{ 01670107);Bushfire Rock, c. 45 km E of Hyden, 32e27'5, 119a21'E, 4 Sep. 1986, S.D. Hopper 5457 (PERTH O1,1,98327;Tincurrin, Sep. 1958, J. Tonkinsons.n. (PERTH 00332801).

Distributi.onand habitcr Widespreadbut mre in the centml and southernwheatbelt. Occurs in mallee, Jamand Yate woodlands,inland shrublands,and Rock Oak thicketssurrounding granite outcrops and ong river courses.Soils are sandy-claysand loams. (Figure 74A)

Flowering period. August to October.

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Distribution and habitaL Known from a few sites between Cape I-eeuwin and Cape Naturaliste, growing in Peppermintwoodland. Soils are calcareoussands. (Figure 74C)

Flowering period. Septemberto October.

Etymology. Derived from the Greek idios (private, separate,distinct), alluding to the very distinct morphology of flowers of this hybrid.

Notes. Caladeniax idiastesis an extremely rare hybrid of C. gard.neriand C. latifulia.

Caladenia x lavandulacea R. Rogers,?rdns. & Proc. Roy. Soc.South Australia 57 77 (1927). Type: betweenYork and Narrogin, Westem Australia, September1926, W. Dedman s.n. (holo: ADt).

Illustrations.B. Rye & S. Hopper, Guide to the CazettedRare Flora of Westem Australia, Dept Fish. Widl. ReptNo. 42, p. 55 (1981).

Differs from Caladeniadoutchiae O. Sargentin its more colourful labellum 10-13 mm wide with serratemargins and its largersepals to 4-5 cm long. Differs from C. x exoletaandfrom C. x ericksoniae in its smallermore numerouscalli, its finermore numeroussegments fringingthe labellum lamina,and its usually darker labellum.

Other specimenexanized WESTERN AUSTRALIA: s. loc., s.d.,Anon. s.z. (PERTH 00239666).

Distributi.on and hqbitot. Caladeniax lavandulaceais known only ftom the type location between York and Narrogin. (Figure 74D)

Flowering period. August to October.

Nores.Until Hoffman & Brown (1984), Jones(1988) and Clements(1989) proposedit was a hybrid, Caladeniax lavsndulaceawas regardedby many authorsto be an obscurespecies known only from the single plant of the type collection (Rogers 1927; Pelloe 1930; Erickson 1965; George 1971; Clements1982). Similar hybrids areknown derived from uossesbetween C. doulchiae,C. brevisura, C. incrassata, C. voiqtii or C. cristota and members of lhe C. filamentosa species complex. The type is unusualin having petalswith an osmophorcand an entire labellum. We have yet to seea plant that matchesthe type in theseattributes. Some plants derived from aC. sigmoideax C. incrossdl4cross have petalswith an osmophoreand approachthe type. However, neitherofthese specieshas been collected as far west as the type locatity ofC. x /avandulacea between York and Narrogin.

Cafadenia x ornata Hopper & A.P. Bt., hyb. nov.

A Caladeniax enigmaHopper et A.P. Br. lamina labelli prominentertrilobata, marginibus integris vel minute serratis,et callis extensise basi tantum circa in dimidio inferiore laminae differt.

Tlpus. south-eastof Pithara,Western Australia, 9 September1988, A.P Brown 869 (,olo: PERTTI 01825690).

Differs from Caledeniax enigmaHopper & A.P. Br. in its labellum lamina prominently 3Jobed, with entire or minutely serratemargins, and calli extendingfrom the baseonly abouthalfthe lengthof the lamina. (Figure 76) 'nllse^ J ,{q!^\er( erurtlod-N :eplsurorJ ururlm - 1 :luog ruo{ utunloc- >I :ll1e3eulul?l unlloq?l - I :aprsruoq rlnlleqel peuoqcos I eulpnt€uol- [ :eprs uro{ urn aqel- H :e^oq€tuo{ unlloq?lprur eg - C :spdotuo srpq- d :tuoqruorJ lo.&o! - A :/ft?^ouo $!?q J?lnpuslS- C :ed6s r.^\ol urorJsr!?q - J :srreqJ?el - g :tueld- V 6g9un^org d V'!.rgqtldJo ]s?.-qlnosuro{ riruro x oruapo1o397 atn81g

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Selectedspecimens examined. $IESTERN AUSTRALIA: islandat Duke ofOrleans Bay,7 Sep.1979, A. Brown s.n.(PERTTI00307025);Broke Inlet, nearCamfieldtownsite, 12 Oct.1969,A.5. Georges.n. (PERTH 00682152); 18 km E of Dongara along north side of railway, 29013'S,115404'E, 25 Aug. 1983, S.D. Hopper 3366 (PERTH 00249815); Dwellingup, 14 Sep. 1975, G. flos 2019 (PERTH 00246328).

Distribution qnd habitar.Widespread in nearcoastalareas between Esperance and Kalbarri. Occursin a variety of habitatsincluding coastalheaths, Peppermint woodlands, Jarrah and Kani forests, and granite outcrops.(Figure 77C)

Flowering period. August to October.

Etymology.Derived from the Latin spectalrs (esteemed,worthy, excellent),alluding to the handsome flowen.

Notes.Caladenia x spectabillsis a colourful and not uncommonclonal hybrid derived from a C.flava x C. latifolia qoss.

Cafadenia x suffusa Hopper & A.P. Br., hyb. nov.

ACaladenia hirtaLindl. floribus majoribussepalis lateralibus longioribus ad 4 cm longis differt.

?yplsr Pallarup Rock Nature Reserve,Pallarup Rock, 44.5 km north-north-westof Ravensthorpe, 33!15'S,119045'E,Westem Australia,6 Se ptember 1984,5.D. Hopper 4098(holo: PERTH 00254665).

Differs from Caladenia hirta Lindl. in its larger flowers with longer lateral sepals(to 4 cm). (Figure 75C)

Other specimenemnired WESTERN AUSTRALIA: Tunney,34aO7'5,117422'E,28Sep.1977,A.5. George 14952 (PERTH 00934461).

Distribution and habital. Found along the westem and southemmargins of the wheatbelt,where it is most common in aleasof open Wandoo or Jam woodland. Soils vary from deepsands to sandy-clays and loarns.(Figure 77D)

Flowering period. August to October.

Etymology. Derived from the Latin szlzsus (tinged), alluding to the flowers which ar€ white, often suffusedwith pink.

Notes. Caladenia x sufusa is a common hybrid of C. hirta and C. longicauda.

Caladenia x triangularis R. Rogers,Trans. & Proc. Roy. Soc.South Australia 5-1:10(L927). Type: betweenWagin and Narrogin, Westem Australia, SeptemberL924, B.T. Goadby s.n. (holo: N)l).

Illustrations. S.Patrick & S. Hopper,A Guide to the GazettedRare Flora of WestemAustralia, Suppl. 'u^rorg .l?ualeu .J .C ,Eore d V {q qdeforoqd oddluo{ aDtswDlltltti - A treddoH S trqqder8oloqd .J 3u;;1c1u1 cq1 uorg (tq8u) Daprcws1s O pueQ!.1) ollqrorrtw )exB! teluorBdqll,l\ (artu..) rrryd,fu r D -J...?olsaouf^ pu[ . Draqd{]t ry Jo deu uortnqutsrd- g:suolnSuottl x Dt apnf)J Jo dBlu uorlnqulslc - V g/ eln8rC

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1, Dept Fish. Widl. Rept No. 54, p. 31 (1981); N. Hoffman & A. Brown, Orchids of South-West Australia, 1st edn, p. 70 (1984); C. Woolcock & D. Woolcock, Australian Terrestrial Orchids,p.42 (1984).

Differs from Caladeniaflava R.Br. in its larger creamy white to pale yellow flowers with lateral sepalsto 5 cm long.

Other specimensexamized. WESTERN AUSTRALIA: N ofDinninup, 5 Oct. I983,E. Chapmans'n. (PERT1I. 00252271); Pingelly, 22 Sep. 1962, K. Fletcher s.n. (PER'IH 00252263); Highbury, Oct. 7924,B.T. Goadby s.n. (PERTH 00261416);s. \oc.,1959, R. Oliver s.n. (PERTH 00252255);c. 10 miles U6 kml SW [SE?] ofMayanup on road to Chowerup,34403'S, 116433'E,3 Oct. 1970,C. Woolcock s.n. ( PERTII 00252247).

Distribution and habitat. WESTERN AUSTRALIA: Of scatteredoccufience between the Stirling Range and Clackline. Usually found in open Wandoo woodland but also seenon one occasionin Baz&slawoodland. Soils vary from sandy-clayto lateritic loam. (FigureT8A)

Flowering period. August to October.

Notes.Caladenia x triangulariswas regardedas an obscurespecies by severalauthors until Hoffman & Brown (1984) suggestedit was a hybrid of C.flava andC. longicauda.Tltisview hasbeen followed by subsequentauthors (e.g. Jones 1988; Clements1989).

Caladenia x tryph€ra Hopper & A.P. Br., hyb. nov.

A Caladenia microchila Hopper & A.P. Br. sepalis lateralibusbrevioribus ad 3.5 cm longis et labello apice atrorubro differt.

?ypusr1.5 km southofVarley crossroadson roadto PumtaRock, 73 km south-eastofHyden,32049'S, 119001'E,Westem Australia, 6 September1984, S.D. Hopper 4O9l (holo: PENfII 00254223).

Differc fromCaladenia microchilaHopper & A.P. Br. in its shorterlateral sepals (to 3.5 cm long) and its labellum with a dark red apex.(Figure 78C)

Selectedspecimensexqmined. WES'IEP.N AUSTRALIA: ParkerRange, SEofSouthem Cross,30July 1969,A.S. George 94319a-g(PERTT{ 00682187).

Distribution and habitar: Found from Grasspatch,north of Esperanceto the Holt Rock area.Occurs beneathmelaleuca thickets or in DodonaealO learia muelleri low heathin malleeor woodlandson clay loams. Associated eucalypts at the type locality were E. salubris, E. gracilis and E. longicornis. (Figure 788)

Flowering period. August to September.

Etymology.Deriv ed from the Greek/rypheros (dainty, delicate),alluding to the small delicateflowers.

Notes. Caladenia x tryphera is a diminutive hybrid of C. microchila att'dC. sigmoidea. 'ale11dec .uooreur .unllaq€l uu 1 e lse8uoleq1 pueelecp; .{pq311s $up aqlJo qfuel oqlt/€ lseollu Surpuelxe(rueql uee,rleq de3.rue1c u q1t,r) s,nor;o srrud 7 urrlpc ourwoT.xedeeql splz^\ol luoJseJcop IIFc palooqserurleuros asnlqo Surce;-prz,nroy dpq8qs tepuals goqs qltarr sur8reu oqo1prtu :eqoprur J?euluetsor"ep i(pdruqe ere qcrqm 8uo[ uru € ol rlpc uoonurIInp ol ruee.rcJEaurJ paqqnlc dpq311s repuelsqlr^\ elerJqug Suluoceq',tru1o eqy reeu surS:eru erque qlr,nBurpuecse dlenbqqo ol lcareseqol 1ure1e1f11pc Surpuacsr ,{q paleuru:e1 pue spre,rdn paa:nc dloctecs lurod lsepr,Lr 1e sur8reru .pe,lrncer 'Surpuacsp 'enb[qo .ruru fldreqs prrq lerrd? pJrqlolppru ot Ireto uo{ 8ur^rncpJlql lesuq t{ 'peueu0u ,, x B-9 uoq,reulllno ur xedeelrce up qlr^\elcpJoc fl,rorreu uururellepr^\ tuu S I Arelce 'xede 'sedl.rls uo elelncryedggrls poruncetuoo:eu 4repdluro;run e ut Sull?urruJel Surgelpe:uooteru 'pernolor-Z ,paqol-E 11npo1 lurd qlJ/y\uBerc o1 ueerS-qsl,|o11a,{ dpueulurotd wnlpqoT.rxurZ-g.I 'xede .urw x urc 0 Z-S'I pa^inru^\opdpq8qs u q1r,nleluozrJoq 1q3ru4s s7z1a7 gZ-Z x rnr 0Z -9 'spre,tru.t'op ,po^lnJur 1 ,{1enb11qoSulpeerds xedu q1r.r,r 1q3rur1s slzda s pptoT.wwg.I-Ix rucZ-S.I ,3uo1 puepen lodas1osto6, s1lac .relnpuey? epsses repqolS pelced ,{lesuepelnurrr Jo Sqlssuoc 'lueJseunl'e1e8uo1a urrut-€'uooreu llnp e:oqdoursoiuoqdoruso uu o1Surpuedxe erogaq ruru 1-g 'JIpr{ 'ploq .uttou4un JoJ?ur.torruu dllduqt uoql Iespqur rueuqqedas eql ,{UJUSslrtad puo qodag 'suorsruJns rnopoIeJoU :uooieur np Jo slodspue seu11 alqvue,tqlr,tr ueer?,ro11ef fpueururoperd 'ssorcu '2 '(dZ urc € to I stauoll'llul rrrc0Z-gI adzeg e1d:nd-petqlra peqrlolq ,{peln8eur 'ueer8 'uItu 'rseurl prlql FsEq eyed 8I-9I x ruc 6-l flpeotq']ceretDaT drulrlos,{lyensn 1aa13r

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'u^{ola oluapop) Z:[8olop\xro uErl€DsnvUlrlsa/t\ d V ? laddoH C.S xayrsiaVol. 14,No. 1/2(2001) tall, decrescenttowards apex and becom ingsessile. ColumnT-8 x 2-3 mm, nanowly winged,dark dull maroon with pale yellow blotches.Anther c. 1.5 x 1.5 mm, yellow-maroon. Pollinia not seen. Stigma c.'1.5 mmwide, dark dull maroon. Capsule not seen (Figure 78D).

Distribution and habirat Recordedfrom a singlelocality in the Brookton areain openWandoo/Jarrah woodland over scatteredopen shrubsin red loamy soil.

Flowering period. August to early September.

Etymology. Named for the discovererand collector of the type.

Notes.C. williamsiae was discoveredin 1999by Mrs Judy Williams nearBrookton and is known only from the type material (Priority Two). Only 12 plants are known from the type locality, which is on a na$re reserve.

In the absenceof DNA data,it is difficult to identify relationshipsofC. williamsiae. Its shortbroad leaf, and small greenish-yellowflowers with four rows of calli on the labellum and sepalsabruptly narrowed above the osmophorearc charactersnot seenelsewhere in C. subg. Calonema.The dark colourationof the plant overall makes it difficult to locate in the wild.

3. Szlachetko's (2001) new genera, sectionsand combinations not supported

Szlachetko(2001) recentlyerected a rangeofnew generawith consequentnew combinationsin the subtribeCaladeniinae Pfitz., essentiallyraising taxa we recogniseherein as subgeneraof Caladenia to full generic status,as well as creatingthe new monotypic gen\sJonesiopsisSzlach. for Caladenia multiclavia Reichenb.f. The only justification for this and other similar conceptsfor splitting long- "in establishedgenera sluch as Pterostylis, Chiloglottis andAcianthus was a slatementthat completing materialsto GynoJl emia Orchdalium andto the first volume of Generaet SpeciesOrchidaliuml came to the conclusionthat severalgroups of orchids are very heteromorphicand should be divided into smaller but monomorphic taxa",

There is no referenceby Szlachetoko(2001) to contemporaryresearch on thesegenera other than to Hoffman & Brown's (1998) field guide.Insights gained from DNA sequencestudies such asthat of Koresetal. (2000)are not cited.Only herbariumspecimens mainly in Europe,the United Kingdom and the USA have been examined,although none other than types are cited.

In theabsence ofcompelling new evidence,therefore, and in view ofthe unnecessarynomenclatural upheavalthat flows from Szlachetko's(2001) concepts,we do not supporthis new generanor his new combinations.Thus, the following genera\we regard as synonyrnsof Caladenia R. Bt.: Jonesiopsis Szlach. [also given incorrectly in the samepublication as./onesielLrl, Phlebochilus (Benth.) Szlach., and Calonema (Lindl.) Szach.The new genusPezt sea (Lindl.) Szlach. is a synonym of Cyanicula Hopper & A.P.BI. All combinationsmade under thesenew generawe regard as synonymsfor the respective species of Colad ia and Cyanicula. Caladenia section Coladeniastrum Szlach. is a synonym of the previously publishedCaladenia subg.Elevatae Hopper & A.P.Br. 'leupls9 ur6lsor{ul Sulxnccoslue ld eqlJo snsuor cllprualstrs V .. sllplu6plcroepll?qsnv uuelueld oltereurnug,,10€6I ) V J ( supd:pw8w() '? oreq?g,, (i86I) I lsoroJ (-,{.up,{S:rotuod luaurue^oC) Z IoA.. sprqcrou?n?Ilsnv" (Z8gI) C U'plera8zlrC 'A[ ( ^eup^s:paa{ v 'oquotrot\t ' 'o8roeC'U 'uo$lrl-tg T, H v) ,. srprlsnv uarset\ Josluptd pue sraa'\ou,, (€Z6I) ) y{ T' C N lupq ?}{ S v (qu.d :eqsualorguosrot?d) upe puz.. tso/d or{tJo sprqcro,, (9961) U'uosl.ug (nrnqu?H :u6ussleldsnqpduns)'iI-€ dd,.sslord snrl^opnl llSellor ItSI-f€81 sruuv llelueprico-rleuolpitahl!, IFluoplcco 'uBurI{e'I '(9t81) 'l.qtt ers€l?4snvu! s?nbLunjelu?ld ooerottlnug o^!s e?u?Isslad oqueld,, tpe) J rr1 "eeplq3lo S lpug 'lgZ-LlZ,It {,ltotog 'ulluoc lo lournots,&eoos uoar Z esoreprqrroarlprtsnv u-r?ts0^r-q!ou pue ujots5^\ Jo ejou 0rllol suolllppv (Z16I)) ( Ired euopr^ : cul dnorDuolle^resuoJ pue ,{pnls pllro o^llsNuBIIersnV uretse^l) upe puz 'surlot 'lttqrrrng 'l\') 'uoxtc ., ,{rotslHl?rnlrN pu? uolte^lttnJ - EIlellsnvuarso/A Jo splqolo,, (6861) (spa) J l^I T, t g ( ,(oup,{S:sse.rd rrluoperv) 8l-lt dd ,,sn?Isnv ur slu?ld puee1doe4,, (spo)::u3 y,1cs4, tC'uEJ:r.q ?wrtsnv urolsalAlecldo+Brlxa (186I ueJ fC i(qpotslsuert'9061)'I'stero 'L6lj6l t9t tsllotntoNuouotslt v.ItdopepJ^eu v (?0961)a'ueueloJ ( oumoqlo'\t:ssord ou,^{opspurf.. sptqc.I6 puno:C lretF.Itsnv,, (0/6t) C'ou,{lJ 'OgI-t:t l|rrDasaap lrto u,ltD4snv eeeaepltlorouelFitsnv Jo .nSolBrBJ (6861) V t{'stuouat:) 'stuauetJ ag-ng.(C)B uDtpotpto aql DluapoltlJ+ - :c.lntr?qreqprqcro s,.{elpu rl uqofJo luoruoc oql uosotoN (986I ) v } t (?uequEJrsuopre9 rluelog leuoltsN),,eserpprq O uprtprlsnvJolsrplcaqr Aeurunerd,, (286[) V t{'sluau.lC ( i(eup,(Srsserd cluropecy)., erte.rtsny ut s1ue14pue eldood,, (spa) (et86t) t,{ C S'rret ? f C'utr) 'I',tpe) ( Xaup{Srpeeu A[ V ?'H V),. inolo3 ur sprqdo o^l]eNwrrurNnv,, (026t) U g'upqreqlou T (uopuo-t:rot,ieD,. 908t-ZO8l 'u^\org sruuessnb u.mrlueld sarelrereqr suaqlqxo uourolo-ue^ eelnsul to oelpuelloH?e^oN eerolC snuorpord,, (0[8t) U Cqurd :dnorouolte^resuoJ pus,(pnts prqdo a^llpNus!l8rtsnv uleNo,^A) !q{9 dd., utertsnv "A\')'uoxro urolso^\Josplq O,,(spe) J'l.al'surrloC? f a lloqclrng r'l/.uorSouquod rqrJo sprq3.Io(686[) V'u,\rorg fspu?lp0N:sse.rd sltulsnv urolso^\Jodtlsre^lun) I ued.,sro^\ouplry'A uerteJlsnv uolse/ ,tou; or,,,rog,,(996y) 1B'o^euD ? a A'llqoeJ8 ( proJqsv:'oJ 6, o^oau'1)t'lo^.. srsuerprtsnvuolC,,1€a8t) C'urqlueg '+Bd ( que6:preog ryy6 s8urX),. erlejtsnvu:atsa N €uU Jo slu?ldpu8lqsntr eql" (886I) ','t a ltouuoa '(aprel.pv

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'ua\org 90€ oluapoloJZ:iBo]ppllpro uelsllsnv uletsalA d V ? roddoHO S Mqtsia Vol. 14,No. 1/2(2001)

Australia.(Govemment Printer: Perth.) George,A.S. (1971). A checklist of theOrchidaceae of WestemAuslralia. Nuytsia \t 166 196. George,A.S. (1984). Seven new orchids from Westem Australia. Nr)lsid 5: 53-62. George,A.S. & Foote,H.E. (undaled). "Orchids of WestemAustralia." (W€stviews: Perth.) Heberfe,R. (1982).Cdlad€nia in WestemAuslralia and natural hybridization. The Orchadian 7 7843. Heberfe,R. (1995).Taxonomic treatment of Caladeriain south-westernAuslralia - appraisal,1995. The Orchadian 77i 479- 486. Hodgson,M. & Paine,c. (1989)."Fjeld Cuide to AustralianOrchids." Hoffman,N. & Brown,A. (1984)."Orchids of South-WestAustralia." lsl edn.(Universityof WesternAustralia Press: Nedlards.) Hoffman,N. & Brown,A. (1992)."Orchids of Soulb-WeslAustralia." 2rd edn.(Universityof WestemAuslralia Press: Nedlands.) "OrchidsofSoulh-WestAustralia." Hoffman, N. & Brown,A. (1998). Revised2ndcdnwith supplement.(University of Westem Australia Press:Nedlands.) Hopp€r,S.D. & B rown, A. P. (2000).New genera,subgenera, combinations, and speciesin the Cdlad€nidal liance (Orchidaceae: Diurideae). L irullcy ana 15(2)t 120-126. Hopper,S.D. &Brown,A.P. (2001).ConlriburioosloWestern Austral ian Orchidology: 1. History ofearlycollections,taxanomic conceptsand key to geneta. Nuytsia 14. L 26. "Westem Hopper, S.D., van Ircuwen, S., Brown, A.P. & Palrick, S.J. (1990). Australia's Endangered Flora." 140 pp. (Departmenl of Conservationand I-and Management,Perth.) Jones,D.L. (1988). "Native Orchids of Auslralia." (Reed Books: FrenchsForesl, New South wales.) Jones,D.L. (1991). New taxa of Australian Orchid^ceae.Austalian Orchid Research2:1207. Jones,D.L- (l998). Conlributions to TasmanianOrchidology 1 9. Australian Orchid Research3: 1-224. Jones,D.L. (1999). Eighl new spcciesof Calalerin R.Br. (Orchidaceae)from easlernAustrali?L The Orchadian 13:5-24. Jones,D.L. (2001). Calal,/enia.Infrageneric treatment. /n. A.M. Prid8eon,P.J. Cribb, M.W. Chase& F.N. Rasmussen(eds). Genara Orchidacearum Volune 2 Orchidoidcae (Parl J), pg. 91. (Oxford University Press,Oxford.) Kores,P.J., Weston, P.H., Molvray, M. & Chase,M.W. (2000). Phylogenetic re lationsh ips within the Diurideae(Orch idaceae): "Monocols: inferencesfrom plstid MATK DNA sequences./r: Wilson, K.L. & Morrison, D.A. (eds) Syslematicsand Evolution." pp. 449-456 (CSIRO: Melbourne.) Kores, P.J., Molvray, M., Weston, P.H., Hopper, S.D., Brown, A.P., Cameron,K.M. & Chase,M.W. (2001). A phylogenelic analysisof Diuridea€ (Orchidaceae)based on plstjd DNA sequencedata. A nericanJournal of Botan,, in prcss. Lindley, J (1840). A skelch of the vegetalionof lhe Swan River Colony. Botanicol RegLrtet. Appendix to the first 23 volum€s. Morrison, D.A., & Weston, P.H. (1985). Analysis of morpholo8icalvariation jn a field srmple of Caladenia catenata(Smith\ Drce (Orchidaceae).Azsnalian Jownal ol Botany 33: 185-195. Mueller, F. von (1865). "Fragmenta PhytographieAustraliae." Vol. 5. (Govemment Prinler; Melboume.) Mueller, F. (1882). Slstematic Censusof Austrulian Plants with chronologic, Iiterary and geographic annotations. Part I Vasculares.(Victorian Govemment: Melboume.) "Second Mueller, F. (1889). SystematicCensusofAustralianPlantswith chronologic,literary aodgeographicannotalions." Part I - Vasculares.(Victorian CovernmentrMelboume.) Nelson, E.C. (1974). Disjunct planl distributionson the soulh'westernNullarbor Plain, WesternAusIftlia..1ournal of lhc Royl Society of Weskrn Australia 57:105 107. "Ecological Nelson, E.C. (1981). Phytogeographyof soulhem Auslralia. /n; Keast,A.W. (ed.) Biogeography of Auslralia." (Junk: The Hague.) Nicholls, W.H. (1940). Some orchid notes. yicrrrian Naturalist 57183. Nicholls, W.H. (1947). Addilions to the Orchidaceaeof Westem Australia - 1..Victoritn Naturalist 64: 135 138. Nicholls, W.H. (1950). Addilions to the OrchidaceaeofAustralia 7. Victorian Natwalist 66:211215. Njchoils, W.H. (1969). Orchids ofAustralia, ed. by D.L. Jones& T.B. Muir. (Nelson:Melbourne.) "West Pelloe, E.H. (1930). Australian Orchids." (Publishedby author: Perth.) "Ground Pocock,M.R. (1972). Orchids ofAustralia." (JacarandaPressr Milton, Queensland.) Pridgeon,A.M. (f993). Systematicleaf anatomy of Caladenia (Orchidace e). Kew Buletin 4& 533 543. Pridgeon,A.M. (1994). SystematicIeafanatomy of Caladeniinae(Orchidaceae). BotanicalJournal ol theLinnean Socier ll4: 3148. 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sarneuDluapDlo) of xapul 310 Nxlrsid Vol. 14,No. 12 (2001)

citrinaHopper & A.PBr ...... 4I,53,60,63,71,104 corynephoraA.S.George...... 38,43,90,91,145,283,285,286 crebraA.S. George ...... 39,43,287 cristataR. Rogers.. .33,202,205,207,208,209,219,296 crusculaHopper &A.P Br...... 42,6144, 104,121 decoraHopper&A.PBr...... 38,41,63,64,6547,115,136,13'7,141 denticularaLindl...... 35,205,209,210 212,237 ,248,259,263,264,266,268 ...269,280,281,283 .72,73,77,144

var. rhomboidiformis E. Coleman dimidiaHopper &A.P Br ...... 3'7,211-213,215,248,249,259,260,264,266,268 273,281,283,292 discoideaLindl. . . . . 37, 43, 186,206 dorrieniiDomin ...... 6,34,210,211,215,216,217,226 doutchiaeO.Sarg...... 32,33,186,192,194,211,216,217,229,243,244,258 .....211.280,295,296 drakeoidesHopper&A.P Br...... 32,162, 166-16T172 drummondiiBenth...... 33,43 dundasiaeHopper&A.P8r..... 34,219,220,222,233 elegansHopper & A.P.Br ...... 36,2Q0,221-224,246,248,282 eminens(Domrn) M.A. Clem.& D.L.Jones ...... 104,215 ensataNicholls ....33,38,63,66,67,94'125 erythrochilaHopper & A.P Br...... 35,222,224,225,271 eyanescensHopper&A.PBr. ..34,187,189,216,222,225,226,249,269,279 €xcelsaHopper & A.PBr. ... .41,66,68,69,'70,129,150 exifis Hopper & A.P Br. ... 35,36,226,227,238,260,282 subsp.exifis . 162,17 | , 216,227 , 228.,229 subsp.vanleeuwenii Hopper & A.P Br...... 227-229 exstansHopper & A.P Br. . . 32,66,'10,71,28'7 falcata(Nicholls) M.A. Clem. & Hopper ...... 38,51,52,7O,72,73,74,98, 127,286,28'7 ferrugineaNicholls 39,5'7 , 58,70,73,75,16,94,117 , 136 *filamentosaR. Br. . . . 186,l8'7,200,207,209,212,217,225,231,233,234,248,249,257 var.bicalliata (R. Rogers)J. Weber& R. Bates ...... I 9 I yar,cqesarea Domin ...... 199.200 var.denticulata (Lindl.) H.G. Reichb...... 209,212,266,281 var.dorrienii (Domin) A.S. George ...... 215 v at Jilamentosa ...... 269 vrr.Jildera(Lindl.) H.G. Reichb. . val pallensBenlh. .209,210,221 var.tentaculqta R.S. Rogers . .209,210,227,253,260 fitiferaLindl...... 34,206,210,219,224,228,231-234,271,302 *fitzgeraldiiRupp ...... 132 *flaccidaD.L. Jones ...... - ...... 259,260 flaccidasubsp. flctccida...... 259 flaccidasubsp. pulclra Hopper &A.P Br.nom. inval...... 269 flavaR. Br. .. . .37,58,11'7,132,172,174,175,181,183, 184,285,290,291,299,300,302 subsp.flava 155,163, 175-178 subsp.maculata Hopper & A.P Br. . . 155,163, 175,176, 118, 186 subsp.sylvestris Hopper & A.P Br. 163,1'75,177, 1'79 """ 'zlrC EV'ZE"' sll,{lsorr€ru '002'98I '99 " " ' EBZ'g9Z'8nZ-tW'tZZ';IZ'rc1 rg 7 y ry:addogu1oa1n1 ' ' ' 6ZI'LZl'nU'tZl'98'lL'89'6r'lV :tg 7'y4' reddoHBarol "" " g81'SZljZt'9Zl'LOt'ZL'6t'L8 Ig a'V ? raddo11e1egqurg18uo1 " " ' 'S Etl''U e8roag V (slloqrrN H'1!l.)slwioltprcqaoq[re^ " '9.) 6Zy'ZZI'0q a8roeCS V (uuureloJ DtD^Dlrlu8Dure^ " "' 're^ 89 DtD^Dl.,t?uol 'I9'0s'6t'89'LE " tot'wt'tEI'oEt';zl-azt'tzt'89'L9 ueure1o3g e1e,rz1cr8uo1 " 'm^ 9ll'9ll' uI[toqsuautua '90I'tgl't9 "' 'rg tZt'1Zt'LU 4'y4 reddollulnplSp dsqns '09I '0ZI '6II '8II '9II 'tII 'Lgt '90t I9I :rg 2 y 4 raddogelrepaldsqns '69" " ' ,II'Lgl'901 .rg2yryraddoll 1;11g.rauldsqns " " 9ll'zll'901'90l'96'I/ epnurlSuoldsqns ' ' 'lz^urwou'rg 0Zl g'y ry reddogsrrr'rsz|dsqns ' ' 0ZI'8II'SII'?tI'60t'1.01-90t'tot rg 4y4:addo11(urtuo() sueulura dsqns '9II '9II '?II '0II 'r0I '90I 't9 " " 'rg IZI a V ? reddogessen dsqns 'ttl 'tII '0II 'tgl '90I ' ' 'rg 'dsqns 8It 6'y 4 reddoge1or1a1;r 'ZII-{1 't0I-90I ' ' 4t .rq 4 y ry:addo11eua8grpldsqns " " III'1.01-90I'16 rg 4 y2 reddogs1;earoq dsqns 'gI '60I 'r0I '90I " ' .dsqns 9g I .rgd V ? reddoHBJolerlsne '8€I 'tII '0II 'g0I 'r0I 'Sgt " " 'rg ggt A v T raddogBltaqte dsqns z\t'00t'962'v6z'z6z't67'882-982'Ltz'9Lr'89r'z9r '9nt 'svt 'n 'LE| ' '80t't0t'€0r' 6Zr'9lI' n t0I'001'r8' 98' 69' v9'29' 09' 79'6t'zt "tpur-IEpnErrSuot '10r-66 '89 '8€ ' " " 'rg z0I a'v T, raddoHeueeapol ....., .zlrC 96Z,v6Z,EV,LE Bl€qot '08I '8,l '9Lt'nLt'ZEt'89't€ ' 'U 667'962'98t't8t .rg BrtoJupl '66'86 '96 '8S '68' ' ' ' ' " I0l rg 2.y 4:eddo11suare[:a1u; "' L8Z'66'86'L6'ZL'\L'28" ueualoCA erSalur " " "' 'lD^ul lZl'0ZI' wou'tg 4'y.rynddoll slnlnsut "" ZEI'66'L6-96'V6'y8'LL'L9'0V" e8roegs'y srrplnqrpunJur 'Zt " '' 'rg 962'08Z'SVZ-g?Z'6EZ'6tZ'r6t A.V? IeddoHqessurru! ' 'rg Z\Z'\8Z'EL?,'8SZ'EVZ-IW'6;Z'SE' dvTreddoHesumu! '89t'egt 'zgt'09t '8rt 'wt'gtt 'zEI' 6tr 'IEI'LZI'n6'86'98-n8'61'LL'91'n9',19'99'6n'8r'9r'W'€t'0t 'qqcted'9'g qetenq 66Z,76T,.y7Z-6EZ,91Z,9EZ,9E :rg 2.y ry:eddogsalsrroq 'rggyryreddoge1or111ue.r8 €6'2,6'16'98 dsqns "" E6'26'16'98'28"' llueurgoqdsgns '16'06 'w'lv'|e ' 'rg 98I 4'174, reddogltu8urlfoq 'g5-9g '29 " " " .dsqns 06 :rg g.y 4 :addog Basor '88:.98 u1.r1qdsqns 68 'EE wE'r6z'Evz'18't " " put'r€urrr tyz'z8z'092'092'6tz'8Ez'Lt7'gtz'6tz'7,t2'st " "" ' .rg4 y ry:eddo11 slluurarq '98't8'28 'lB'L9'L9'8€ " ' '. LEZ'6Z1'98 :g Sy4 raddogeueal.raqaq ,I9I,gtl ,0U,n9,88.I8,08,1.1.,09,1t...... r94.yry:eddo11 09I auruolSup:eq '08'62'0?' " " ' L6'28'18 rg a V T,reddoH BJoltuBrS '6t' ' ' .S'y E e3.roeg ?lloJrururer8 'Ztt'08'BL'LL'7L'67'W " 'rg EgI'8 i1'yry reddo11ra8.roa8 'l9l'08'LL'9L'nL'8r'6E " ' 'rg 962'091 a'vT, reddogr.reup.reS 992'L1Z-1EZ,'8ZZ'LE" rg 4.y 4 :addo11suersalnloJsnJ " " " L9Z'n9Z'gEZ'9tZ-tEZ'gZZ'rE .rgav?t reddolluuualoo;

II' saweu DluapDlDJ ot xepul 312 N/l)rrid Vol. 14, No. 12 (2001)

magniclavataNicholls...... 38,50,51,68,122-124,129,130,131,144 marginataLindl. .33,38,77,174, 176,285,29I mefanemaHopper & A.P Br .34,226,245,247,248,249 meridionalisHopper&A.P.Br .....35,238,245,247,249,250,282 mesoc€raHopper&A.PBr...... 31,167,168,171,172,173 microchilaHopper & A.P Br . . 36,240,247,250_253,280, 301, 302 multiclaviaH.G. Reichb. . 33,186,294,296,299 nanaEndl. 33,174,176,178,180, l8l subsp.nana . 163,181, 182, 183 subsp.unita (Fitz.) Hopper & A.P.Br...... 163, 179,f8f,183 nivalisHopper & A.P Br. . . ..40, 100,123,124,13l,132 nobifis Hopper& A.P Br .. ...36,251,251-255,260,261,281,282 occidentafisHopper & A.P Br ...... 38,234,254-256,251 pachychifaHopper & A.P Br...... 7, 196,204,206,240,252,255,257,258,290 paludosaHopper & A.P Br . . 40,44,57,58,'16,94, 128, 129, 132,133, 134, 136, 148, 149 paradoxaHopper & A.P.Br ...... 36,215,250,252,253,255,258,259,260,269,2'7I xpatersoniiR.Br. . .28,42,62,64,103,212,301 var.longicautla (Lindl.) R.S. Rogers . . . . . l0l, 109,115, 116, 148 var.dilatata (R. Br.) Benth...... 103 pectinataR.Rogers...... 41,48,49,56,57,67,76,81,94,128,132-135,137,141,231 pend€nsHopper & A.P Br. . ..37,227,252,258,260,261,268,282 subsp.pendens ...... 261--262 subsp.tafbotii Hopper&A.P Br...... 261-264-265 phofcoideaHopper & A.P.Br ...... 41,60, 104,137-139, 145 subsp.pholcoidea ...... 134,138,139, 142 subsp.augustensis Hopper & A.P Br ...... 138-139,142 plicataFitz...... 39,43 pofychromaHopper & A.PBr...... 36, 186,199-201,212,213,215,236,248,262,264 266-268. 281-283 posteaHopper&A.P Br ...... 35,212,262,26V270 preissiiEndL ..... 184 proceraHopper & A.P Br...... 41,67 , 128,137 , l4l pulchraHopper & A.P.Br...... 38,224,233,234,260,262,268,269,271,2'72 radialisR. Rogers ...... 33, 186 radiataNicholls ...... 39.43.145 remotaHopper & A.P.Br . . . - . . . 36,243,273,274,281 subsp.remota ...... 274-276 subsp.parva Hopper &A.P Br ...... 214,276,277 reptansLindl...... 33, 174,177, 180, 183, 184 subsp.impensa Hopper & A.P Br. . . . . 163,184, 185 subsp.reptans ...... 163,184, 185, 186 *reticulataFitz...... 132 rhomboidiformis(E. Coleman)M.A. Clem.& Hopper 39, 68, 122,134, 142,143 roeiBenth. 32, 162,186,192,196,217,229,243,268,292 *rosellaG.E. Carr ...... 84 saccharataH.G. Reichb. . 30.32.142 +sanguineaD.L. Jones ... ..225,2'71 serotirraHouper & A.P Br . ...42,69,83, 100,104, 138,142,144, 146,285,286 sigmoideaIi.. Rogers . . . .32, 186,296,301,302 speciosa}iopper & A.P Br . . . 42, 1Q4,145, 146, 148, 149 '962'V6Z ' . ' . ' . .rg 662'862 i1.y 4 raddogeuldnsar x ,Zgt - ... . .rg 862-962'882.1Lt A.vT reddolluluuro x 967,'962'16Z'062 .... sraSoX.UeacplnpuB^"l x ' S6Z'E6Z rg 2.y ry raddoll salserprx 962-E6Z'O67 ...... :gi1.yry:addo11e1ed,{q x ..... 16Z.68Z,7SI .rg2.y 4 :eddogel.rasxa x '''' 962'E6Z'Z6Z rg a V T,reddoH Bfatoxa x ,692.982...... 16Z_6gZ rg i1.y ry reddoHerururla x " "' 962'062'682'E(,'902 " " slloqrlNeeluos{cua x ...... rg 692,982,89t,29I 4.y 4:eddogeru8lua x " ' 'rg LBZ'9\T'|BZ d V ? raddoHsuapnle x ' ' L$Z' rg d V d) laddoHsuaJsalJeoJ x " " " 'rg Z6Z'982'18Z 7'y ry:eddo11eprx " " ' 'rg 982-882 A'V ? reddoHEqtuBlsa? x ',VE 982-a8Z'892'L9Z'8VZ'9rZ',00Z',9t :q i1.yry reddoHsqluex 'I9t '09I '69I ,ISI ,€8,11,68. . .. .:g €9t i1.yp:eddoH Mtauu!^r """ t0g'10€ .IqavTreddoHa"lsruslllr,ra 'Zt ' 'S l8Z'981 e8roaD V esoue.r 'gLZ't.L(,'892 ' ',092', ',V|Z' z8z-a87, L9Z',VgZ LgZ 't;z'0s7.'6vz'0w'8t7'LEz'nEZ' " LZZ'9ZZ'nZZ'17?,'ZIZ'gt rg 4 y ryreddoH ElEEtn^ ' ' ' . . . . 962'0SZ'6LZ'9LZ'L9Z'802'g€ rg a.y ? raddog1p81o,r ,9tt .8E1,89,L9,0V...... 89I-t9I :g A.V? raddoHsuarsaplJla ' ' 'lo^u! 082 wou :g 4 y ry:eddog sazr.ra,.tdsqns "' ""' 'tg'4t4 .dsqns 622" lD^utwou 4 nddoyl uuaunaaluod, ' ' ' .lp^ut.wou .dsqns EgZ' :g 4.y 4 reddogrgoqlol ' ' ' .lp^u!.wou .rg VLZ, 6.y ry reddogaoraaldsqns ' ' 'lo^ul 'wou 892' :g 4 y ry .raddograrsod dsqns 'rg 'dsq1r.s E9Z''''' lo^ut wou 3'y 4rreddoll suapaad ' ' ' ' .lo^ut.wou .rg .dsqns EgZ' a.V ? reddoHsrlrqoa .... .lo^u!.wou .dsqns 6VZ''''' tg.4y ry nddoylsr1ouotpuaw gEZ'LtZ. ' .' . . . . .lo^uruoa rg.d.yg r?ddoHsalsr./o? .dsqns . ....'.. .lotu! LtZ''. wou.rg.dy 2greddoll snowau1 .dsqns . ' . .wou.rg.d.y gtZ'nEZ' lD^ul 29JeddoH sunsafiprsnl dsqrc LZZ''''' '.. .lo^u!.wou'rg.dyg reddolls4rra.dsqns 'lp^u! 'wou 'rg tr y 4' :addog suar"ra,r . .' .lo^ut 992'"'. woupue Ba11t.wou .tg.4.y nddoll ototauot '081 4 E8I'I8I 'zt\JDtlun '98 . '4.y 6LZ-LLZ'9LZ'692'B7Z'LBt . :g 4 :addo11eurrrln /9I-?SI'ESI " rsoulSllndsqns .tSI ,9SI,VgI ,Egt ,rtt . . . . .dsqns 8SI rg U.y ? reddollsualnlud 'tgl ...... 95I-6SI rg 4.yry:addogsuerrpuer.dsqns '8€I 't0I '09'lt t6Z'n9I'Egl . . . a8roeg.g.y usour8qn tsl'Z9I'6V1'6L,0V...... rg u1orgu1q1 " "' 2.y ry:addo11 902 .zlrcel?[Iessel* 1.8""' ' 3z1rgsmaa; . LZI'921 . .ga |wou eleJDrpfl)oruat* LZI';Z\' ''' 'IpHcS"lelnc€tuel* I9...... ulelc.v.nl seuol..I.c plellalsx ,l9I ,0SI,6nt,L1,0, ? 09I rg 4.y 4.reddoHurnJoaUals ,6Vt,gnl.grl ,V0I,69,2V ...... 882'S8Z,0Sl .rgA.vrg reddoll suapualds

€I€ seumu DuapolD) ol \epvI ll4 lr'rlrsia vol. 14,No. 1/2(2001)

x spectabilisHopper & A.P.Br. 176,184,298,299 x suffusaHopper & A.P.Br . .87,294,298,300 x triangularisR. Rogers ...... 176,300, 301 x trypheraHopper & A.P.Br ...... 301,302 CyaniculaHopper & A.P.Br. . . .27,28,31,142 caerulea(R. Br) Hopper& A.P.Br ...... 28 deformis(R. Br.) Hopper &A.P. Br...... 28 Diurideae ..28.162,174 Diurisaff. amplissima ...... 58 DrakaeaLindl...... 162,169 DrakonorchisHopper & A.P Br. nom.inval. . . . .28, 160,162 barbarossa(H.G. Reichb.) Hopper & A.P.Br ...... 29, 166 barbarellaHopper & A.P.Br...... 162,164 drakeoidesHoppet & A.P.Br...... 168,169 mesoceraHopper & A.P.Br ...... , ....,171 ElythrantheraA.S. George . . .. .31,79 *GlossodiaR.Br...... 31 LeporellaA.S. George . ,,.,..28,79 Leptoceras(R. Br.) Lindl. , . . .27,28 menziesiiR.Br...... ii...... 77 LyperantbusR.Br ...... 142 PraecoxanthusHopper & A.PBr...... 27,28,142