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Ecology of Some Terrestrial Molluscs in Sharkia and Ismailia Governorate

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Ecology of Some Terrestrial Molluscs in Sharkia and Ismailia Governorate Egypt. J. Agric. Res., 92 (3), 2014 907 ECOLOGY OF SOME TERRESTRIAL MOLLUSCS IN SHARKIA AND ISMAILIA GOVERNORATE RADY,G.H.1 , A.A. ABDELGAWAD1 , SH.A. ISMAIL2, M.H.LOKMA2 1. Plant Protection Department , Fac. of Agric., Benha Univ. 2. Plant Protection Research Institute, ARC,Doki,Giza,Egypt. (Manuscript received 23 March 2014) Abstract Field studies were carried out to survey, population density and importance value of terrestrial molluscs infesting some vegetable and field crops . Survey studies revealed that five species were found infesting different crops in Ismailia and Sharkia governorate. These species were Monacha cartusiana, Cochlicella acuta, Succinea putris, Deroceras leave and Deroceras reticulatum,.The last species was recorded for the first time in Ismailia governorate. Population density were counted on host plants at three districts of Sharkia and Ismailia governorate during two successive growing seasons February to May 2008 and 2009 respectively. Generally, It is clear that the glassy clover snail M. cartusiana was the predominant species on field and vegetable crops. On the other hand population density of land snails differed from host plant to another and also from locality to another. Finally,. The land snail species can be arranged descedingly according to its importance values at Sharkia and Ismailia as follows: M. cartusiana > S. putris > D. reticulatum and M. cartusiana > S. putris > D. reticulatum> D. leave> C. acuta, respectively. INTRODUCTION Terrestrial molluscs has been become one of the most serious pests in different localities especially north and east delta region. In addition, some gastropods work as intermediate hosts for many parasitic worms infesting man and his domestic animals (Godan, 1983 In recent years, terrestrial snails have increased rapidly in all crops causing economic damage in the field crops, vegetables as well as horticultural crops. In some countries such as in Chile,1984,where find living snails Cernuella virgata in a shipment of barely from South Australia.this one rejection cost the Australian Barely Board 13 million A $ In compensation payment (Baker,1989). In Egypt, land snails were detected in different governorate attacking many economic crops. For instances, H. vestalis, Theba pisana and M. cartusiana were most in jurions in northern Egypt (Kassab and Daoud, 1964), Monacha sp. and Oxychilus sp. were detected in El- Ismaeilia governorate ( El- Okda, 1984). On the other hand many authers surveyed land snails in Sharkia governorate (Ghamry et al.,1993, Ismail, 1997, Abdel Aal, 2001,Mahrous et al,2002, Arafa,2006 and Lokma, 2007). In Ismailia 908 ECOLOGY OF SOME TERRESTRIAL MOLLUSCS IN SHARKIA AND ISMAILIA GOVERNORATE Governorate, (Shoeib Maha, 2008). Recorded that M. cartusiana, E. vermiculata, C. acuta, and H. vestalis, Theba pisana, D. leave and D. reticulatum were surveyed in certain localities attacking many crops at Ismailia Governorate .The present study was to throw light on identity, population density as well as importance value of terrestrial molluscs at Sharkia and Ismailia governorate. MATERIALS AND METHODS 1. Survey and population density of terrestrial gastropods in Sharkia and Ismailia governorate. Survey study of terrestrial snail and slug species attacking numerous host plants, were curried out in some localities at two governorate, Sharkia (Abou- Hammad, Fakous and Mashtool-El Souk) and Ismailia (Ismailia El Balad, El- Kassasin El-Gadida, and Fayed) during two successive growing seasons through the activity period from February to May 2008 and 2009. Four localities (villages) were chosen as representatives of each district.These localities in districts of Sharkia governorate were El-Kheis, El-Abbasa, El-Gaavaria and El-Qurain (Abou-Hammad), Fakous El-Balad, El-Khattara, Abou-Shalaby and EL- Fadadna (Fakous), and Mashtoul El-Balad, El- Monaier, Kafr Ebrash and El- Sahava(Mashtool –El-Souk) .While localites in distracts of Ismailia governorate were (Om-Azam, Al-Dawawis, El-Koqh and El-Mahsama El-Kadima (El –Kassasin El- Gadida), El-Firdan, El-Wasfia, Abou Atwa and Dabiaya (Ismailia EL-Balad) ,and (Fayed El-Balad, Kasfaryeet, Abou-Soltan and Sarabioum El-Mahata, (Fayed) .Numbers of snails were counted on certain field crops i.e broad bean Vicia faba, Egyptian clover, Trifollium alexandrinum, maize Zae mays, onion Allium cepa, wheat, Triticum aestivum and vegetable crops i.e. cabbage, Brassica oleraceae var. cabitata, cucumber Cucumis sativus, egg plant, Solanum melongena, pepper, Capsicum annum, squash Cucurbita pepo , strawberry, Fragaria ananassa, tomato Lycopersicon esculentum, watermelon, Citrullus vulgaris, kidney bean, Phaseolus vulgaris and taro, Arum colocasia. Samples were taken in early morning by using the quadrated sample size 50 50 cm (Staikou and Lazaridou-Dimitriadou 1990). Five randomly samples were taken from each crop in the surveyed localities. All snails and slugs found on plants or on soil surface in the qauadrate were counted. RADY,G.H. et al. 909 2. Importance value of the identified gastropods in sharkia and Ismailia governorate. The total numbers of 360 samples were randomly collected from the examined crops mentioned before in three districts of Sharkia and Ismailia governorate. Samples were conducted in early morning during the activity period started from February to May in 2008 and 2009. Samples were taken in field and vegetable crops according to(Staikou and Lazaridou-Dimitriadou 1990). Ten adult snails collected from each of the surveyed districts were weighed and average biomass for each species was calculated. Absolute and relative frequency occurrence as well as population density were determined according to Norton (1978) as follows: Absolute frequency occurrence= Number of samples containing a species 100 Number of sample examined Relative frequency occurrence = Absolute frequency occurrence of species 100 Sum of frequency occurrence of all species Absolute density = Total number of individuals of species Number of samples containing this species Relative density = Number of individuals of species 100 Sum of individuals of all species Absolute biomass = weight of the snail within its shell Absolute biomass of species Relative biomass = 100 Sum of biomass of all species Importance value = Relative frequency + Relative density + Relative biomass. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 1. Survey studies of land gastropods in certain districts in Sharkia and Ismailia governorate. The objective of the present study is to determine land gastropod species occurred in the infested localities of Sharkia and Ismailia governorate. Results revealed in that five species of terrestrial gastropods belonging to different families of order: Stylommatophora, were found in different localities of Sharkia and Ismailia governorate. These families were Hygromiidae, Helicidae, Succineidae and Limicidae. 910 ECOLOGY OF SOME TERRESTRIAL MOLLUSCS IN SHARKIA AND ISMAILIA GOVERNORATE The family Hygromiidae was presented by the glassy clover snail, Monacha cartusiana (Muller), the family Helicidae, conical snail, Cochlicella acuta (Muller), the family: succineidae contained, Succinea putris, (Linnaeus) while the family: Limicidae included two slug species i.e., the field slug, Deroceras reticulatum (Muller) and the Smooth (marsh) slug, D. leave (Muller). The infested localities (villages) with land gastropods in 3 districts of Sharkia and Ismailia governorate are the infested Data in Table (1) showed that host plants infested with land moullsc species in tested localities at three districts of Sharkia and Ismailia governorate during two successive seasons 2008 and 2009. It is clear that the glassy clover snail,Monacha cartusiana infested most of the examined field and vegetables crops i.e. Egyptian clover, broad bean, wheat, onion, maize and cucumber, egg plant, squash, strawberry, tomato and kidney bean in Sharkia and Ismailia governorate. On the other hand, the amber snail Succinia putris was found on broad bean, Egyptian clover, wheat, and onion (field crops) and cabbage, strawberry and tomato (vegetable crops) at Sharkia governorate. Regarding at Ismailia Governorate, the amber snail was found on Egyptian clover and wheat (field crops) and vegetable crops i.e tomato and watermelon. The conical snail Cochlicella acuta was detected mainly on Egyptian clover and kidney bean (field crops) and on tomato and kidney bean (vegetable crops) in Kasfaryt, locality, Fayed district, Ismailia governorate.The other identified species were determined with limited occurrence in the inspected localities of Sharkia and Ismailia governorate. For instances, the field slug Deroceras reticulatum was detected on Egyptian clover and tomato in El-Sahava village, Mashtool- El-Souk district, Sharkia Governorate. Finally Deroceras leave was found on Egyptian clover in El-Mahsama El-Kadima locality,El- Kasassin El-Gdida district and Sarabyoum El-Mahata, Fayed district, Ismailia governorate, while it was found on wheat at Sarabyoum El-Mahata, Fayed district, Ismailia governorate, while it was found on wheat at Om-Azzam,village, El-Ksassin El- Gdida district, Ismailia governorate, and on tomato in Om -Azzam and watermelon in El-Mahsama El-Kadima and El- Kassasin El-Gdida districts, Ismailia governorate ,respectively. It is necessary to mention here that the field slug Deroceras reticulatum was recorded for the first time on strawberry and Egyptian clover in El-Mahsama El- Kadima and El-Dabaya (El-Ksasin El-Gadida and Ismailia El-Balad districts), respectively at Ismailia governorate.
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