. J. Agric. Res., 92 (3), 2014 907

ECOLOGY OF SOME TERRESTRIAL MOLLUSCS IN SHARKIA AND ISMAILIA GOVERNORATE

RADY,G.H.1 , A.A. ABDELGAWAD1 , SH.A. ISMAIL2, M.H.LOKMA2

1. Plant Protection Department , Fac. of Agric., Univ. 2. Plant Protection Research Institute, ARC,Doki,,Egypt.

(Manuscript received 23 March 2014)

Abstract

Field studies were carried out to survey, population density and importance value of terrestrial molluscs infesting some vegetable and field crops . Survey studies revealed that five species were found infesting different crops in Ismailia and Sharkia governorate. These species were cartusiana, Cochlicella acuta, Succinea putris, Deroceras leave and Deroceras reticulatum,.The last species was recorded for the first time in Ismailia governorate. Population density were counted on host plants at three districts of Sharkia and Ismailia governorate during two successive growing seasons February to May 2008 and 2009 respectively. Generally, It is clear that the glassy clover snail M. cartusiana was the predominant species on field and vegetable crops. On the other hand population density of land snails differed from host plant to another and also from locality to another. Finally,. The land snail species can be arranged descedingly according to its importance values at Sharkia and Ismailia as follows: M. cartusiana > S. putris > D. reticulatum and M. cartusiana > S. putris > D. reticulatum> D. leave> C. acuta, respectively.

INTRODUCTION

Terrestrial molluscs has been become one of the most serious pests in different localities especially north and east delta region. In addition, some gastropods work as intermediate hosts for many parasitic worms infesting man and his domestic (Godan, 1983 In recent years, terrestrial snails have increased rapidly in all crops causing economic damage in the field crops, vegetables as well as horticultural crops. In some countries such as in Chile,1984,where find living snails Cernuella virgata in a shipment of barely from South Australia.this one rejection cost the Australian Barely Board 13 million A $ In compensation payment (Baker,1989). In Egypt, land snails were detected in different governorate attacking many economic crops. For instances, H. vestalis, Theba pisana and M. cartusiana were most in jurions in northern Egypt (Kassab and Daoud, 1964), Monacha sp. and Oxychilus sp. were detected in El- Ismaeilia governorate ( El- Okda, 1984). On the other hand many authers surveyed land snails in Sharkia governorate (Ghamry et al.,1993, Ismail, 1997, Abdel Aal, 2001,Mahrous et al,2002, Arafa,2006 and Lokma, 2007). In Ismailia 908 ECOLOGY OF SOME TERRESTRIAL MOLLUSCS IN SHARKIA AND ISMAILIA GOVERNORATE

Governorate, (Shoeib Maha, 2008). Recorded that M. cartusiana, E. vermiculata, C. acuta, and H. vestalis, Theba pisana, D. leave and D. reticulatum were surveyed in certain localities attacking many crops at Ismailia Governorate .The present study was to throw light on identity, population density as well as importance value of terrestrial molluscs at Sharkia and Ismailia governorate.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

1. Survey and population density of terrestrial gastropods in Sharkia and Ismailia governorate. Survey study of terrestrial snail and slug species attacking numerous host plants, were curried out in some localities at two governorate, Sharkia (Abou- Hammad, Fakous and Mashtool-El Souk) and Ismailia (Ismailia El Balad, El- Kassasin El-Gadida, and Fayed) during two successive growing seasons through the activity period from February to May 2008 and 2009. Four localities (villages) were chosen as representatives of each district.These localities in districts of Sharkia governorate were El-Kheis, El-Abbasa, El-Gaavaria and El-Qurain (Abou-Hammad), Fakous El-Balad, El-Khattara, Abou-Shalaby and EL- Fadadna (Fakous), and Mashtoul El-Balad, El- Monaier, Kafr Ebrash and El- Sahava(Mashtool –El-Souk) .While localites in distracts of Ismailia governorate were (Om-Azam, Al-Dawawis, El-Koqh and El-Mahsama El-Kadima (El –Kassasin El- Gadida), El-Firdan, El-Wasfia, Abou Atwa and Dabiaya (Ismailia EL-Balad) ,and (Fayed El-Balad, Kasfaryeet, Abou-Soltan and Sarabioum El-Mahata, (Fayed) .Numbers of snails were counted on certain field crops i.e broad bean Vicia faba, Egyptian clover, Trifollium alexandrinum, maize Zae mays, onion Allium cepa, wheat, Triticum aestivum and vegetable crops i.e. cabbage, Brassica oleraceae var. cabitata, cucumber Cucumis sativus, egg plant, Solanum melongena, pepper, Capsicum annum, squash Cucurbita pepo , strawberry, Fragaria ananassa, tomato Lycopersicon esculentum, watermelon, Citrullus vulgaris, kidney bean, Phaseolus vulgaris and taro, Arum colocasia. Samples were taken in early morning by using the quadrated sample size 50  50 cm (Staikou and Lazaridou-Dimitriadou 1990). Five randomly samples were taken from each crop in the surveyed localities. All snails and slugs found on plants or on soil surface in the qauadrate were counted.

RADY,G.H. et al. 909

2. Importance value of the identified gastropods in sharkia and Ismailia governorate. The total numbers of 360 samples were randomly collected from the examined crops mentioned before in three districts of Sharkia and Ismailia governorate. Samples were conducted in early morning during the activity period started from February to May in 2008 and 2009. Samples were taken in field and vegetable crops according to(Staikou and Lazaridou-Dimitriadou 1990). Ten adult snails collected from each of the surveyed districts were weighed and average biomass for each species was calculated. Absolute and relative frequency occurrence as well as population density were determined according to Norton (1978) as follows: Absolute frequency occurrence= Number of samples containing a species  100 Number of sample examined

Relative frequency occurrence =

Absolute frequency occurrence of species  100 Sum of frequency occurrence of all species

Absolute density = Total number of individuals of species

Number of samples containing this species

Relative density = Number of individuals of species  100 Sum of individuals of all species

Absolute biomass = weight of the snail within its shell Absolute biomass of species Relative biomass =  100 Sum of biomass of all species

Importance value = Relative frequency + Relative density + Relative biomass.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 1. Survey studies of land gastropods in certain districts in Sharkia and Ismailia governorate. The objective of the present study is to determine land gastropod species occurred in the infested localities of Sharkia and Ismailia governorate. Results revealed in that five species of terrestrial gastropods belonging to different families of order: , were found in different localities of Sharkia and Ismailia governorate. These families were , Helicidae, Succineidae and Limicidae.

910 ECOLOGY OF SOME TERRESTRIAL MOLLUSCS IN SHARKIA AND ISMAILIA GOVERNORATE

The family Hygromiidae was presented by the glassy clover snail, Monacha cartusiana (Muller), the family Helicidae, conical snail, Cochlicella acuta (Muller), the family: succineidae contained, Succinea putris, (Linnaeus) while the family: Limicidae included two slug species i.e., the field slug, Deroceras reticulatum (Muller) and the Smooth (marsh) slug, D. leave (Muller). The infested localities (villages) with land gastropods in 3 districts of Sharkia and Ismailia governorate are the infested Data in Table (1) showed that host plants infested with land moullsc species in tested localities at three districts of Sharkia and Ismailia governorate during two successive seasons 2008 and 2009. It is clear that the glassy clover snail,Monacha cartusiana infested most of the examined field and vegetables crops i.e. Egyptian clover, broad bean, wheat, onion, maize and cucumber, egg plant, squash, strawberry, tomato and kidney bean in Sharkia and Ismailia governorate. On the other hand, the amber snail Succinia putris was found on broad bean, Egyptian clover, wheat, and onion (field crops) and cabbage, strawberry and tomato (vegetable crops) at Sharkia governorate. Regarding at Ismailia Governorate, the amber snail was found on Egyptian clover and wheat (field crops) and vegetable crops i.e tomato and watermelon. The conical snail Cochlicella acuta was detected mainly on Egyptian clover and kidney bean (field crops) and on tomato and kidney bean (vegetable crops) in Kasfaryt, locality, Fayed district, Ismailia governorate.The other identified species were determined with limited occurrence in the inspected localities of Sharkia and Ismailia governorate. For instances, the field slug Deroceras reticulatum was detected on Egyptian clover and tomato in El-Sahava village, Mashtool- El-Souk district, Sharkia Governorate. Finally Deroceras leave was found on Egyptian clover in El-Mahsama El-Kadima locality,El- Kasassin El-Gdida district and Sarabyoum El-Mahata, Fayed district, Ismailia governorate, while it was found on wheat at Sarabyoum El-Mahata, Fayed district, Ismailia governorate, while it was found on wheat at Om-Azzam,village, El-Ksassin El- Gdida district, Ismailia governorate, and on tomato in Om -Azzam and watermelon in El-Mahsama El-Kadima and El- Kassasin El-Gdida districts, Ismailia governorate ,respectively. It is necessary to mention here that the field slug Deroceras reticulatum was recorded for the first time on strawberry and Egyptian clover in El-Mahsama El- Kadima and El-Dabaya (El-Ksasin El-Gadida and Ismailia El-Balad districts), respectively at Ismailia governorate. An extensive survey was carried out on terrestrial molluscs infesting different crops at 12 localities representing 3 districts belonging to Sharkia and Ismailia Governorate. RADY,G.H. et al. 911

Table 1. Terrestrial molluscus species infesting major crops in certain localities at three districts of Ismailia and Sharkhia governorate. Field crops Vegetables crops

Governorate Districts Localities bean clover maize Onion Water melon Wheat Kidney Kidney

Papper Squash potatos Tomato Egyptian Egyptian Cabbage Egg plant Egg Cucumber Strawberry bean Broad El-Khais - SM ------El-Abasa S S - - - - M - - M - MS - - - Abou-Hammad El-Gavaria - SM - - M - - M - - - M - - - El-qurana - SM - - S ------

El-Khataraha - M - M M ------M - - M Abou-Shlaby M M - M M - - M ------Fakous Fakous El-balad M - - M M ------El-Fdadna M MS ------Sharkhia Moniuer - MS - M - S - - - - - S - - - Kafr-Ebrash - M ------Mashtooul –El Souq Mashtooul El- - M - M M ------balad El-Sahava - MSD2 - S SM - - - - - MS MSD2 - M M Om-Azam - M - - D1M - - - - - D1M M - - - Al-Dawawis - MS - - S ------El-Ksasin –ElGdida El-Qoua - MS - - MS ------M - - El-Mahsama El- - MSD1 - - M - - - - - D2M MS MSD1 - - Kadima

El-Firdan - M ------M M - - - - El-wasfia - MS ------

Ismailia Abou atwa M MS - - M - - - - - M - - - -

Ismailia El-Dabaya - MD2 ------Kasfaryt - MSC M - M ------MC - - MC Fayed EL-balad - MSC - - MS - - M - - - MS - - - Fayed Abou-Soltan - M - M M - - - M - - M - - - Srabyoum El - MSD1 - - M - - - - - M D1M - - MD1 mahata

M= M. cartusiana S= Succinea sp. C = C. acuta D1 = Deroceras leave

D2 = Deroceras reticulatum - = No infestation

912 ECOLOGY OF SOME TERRESTRIAL MOLLUSCS IN SHARKIA AND ISMAILIA GOVERNORATE

Data presented in Table (2) revealed that the identified species mentioned previously varied in their incidence and level of infestation according to locality and host plant. It is obvious that M. artusiana has the upper one in snails incidence compared to other species, since it was recorded in all surveyed localities. Moreover, the majority of the examined plants were liable to be infested with this snail. Generally, the listed hosts can be classified according to the degree of infestation into three categories. These categories were, heavy, moderate and light infestation.The majority of the examined field and vegetables crop at Sharkia governorate were found with moderate infestation by M. cartusiana especially Egyptian clover in El-Khatarah (Fakous district), Abou Hamad El-balad and Mashtoul El-Balad. On the other hand, wheat, broad bean, onion, tomato, cucumber, squash, cabbage and eggplant were found with light infestation in different localities.Regarding S. putris it was detected with moderate infestation on Egyptian clover in El-Abbasa and Abou Hammad El-balad (Abou –Hammad district) and El- Sahava (Mastoul El-Souk district). It was recorded with light infestation on broad bean, wheat, onion, tomato and strawberry. Regarding the field slug D. reticulatum,it was found with light infestation on clover and tomato in El-Sahava (Mashtoul –El – Souk) only.Data in Table (3) show that the heavy infestation with M. cartusiana was found in Fayed EL-Balad while it was detectedwith moderate infestation in Om-Azzam (El- Kssasin El-Gadida district) on Egyptian clover, however the rest different examined crops were found with light infestation like broad bean, wheat, maize, watermelon, tomato, strawberry, kidney bean and pepper. Regarding S. putris it was found with light infestation on clover and wheat (El-Dawawis, El-Qoua and El- Mahsama villages at El-Ksasin El-Gadida district),( El-Wasfia and Abou-Atwa, Ismailia district) and (Kasfaryt, Fayed village, Fayed district) . RADY,G.H. et al. 913

Table 2. Level infestation with terrestrial molluscs on different crops at certain districts of Sharkhia governorate.

Location Land gastropod species level of infestation on host plants county/village Abou-Hammad El-Khaeis Succinea putris Clover (+) Monacha cartusiana Clover (+) El-Abasa Succinea putris Clover (++)& broad bean (+) & Tomato (+) Monacha cartusiana Cucumber (+)& squash(+) & Tomato (+)

El-Gavaria Succinea putris Clover (+) Monacha cartusiana Clover (+) & wheat (+) Abou-Hammad Succinea putris Clover (+ +) & wheat (+) El-balad Monacha cartusiana Clover (+ +) Fakous El-Khataraha Monacha cartusiana Clover ( + +) & wheat (+ +) & Onion (+) & Tomato (+) & Kidney bean (+) Abou-Shalaby Monacha cartusiana Clover (+) & wheat (+) & Broad bean (+) & onion (+) Egg plant (+) Fakous El-balad Monacha cartusiana Clover (+) & wheat (+) & onion (+) Succinea putris Clover (+)

El-Fadadna Monacha cartusiana Clover (+) Succinea putris Clover (+) Mashtooul-El Souk Moniuer Monacha cartusiana clover (+) & onion (+) Succinea putris clover (+) & cabbage (+) & tomato (+)

Kafr-Ebrash Monacha cartusiana clover (+) Mashtoul-El-balad Monacha cartusiana clover (+ +) & onion (+) & wheat (+) El-Sahava Monacha cartusiana clover (+) & wheat (+) & strawberry (+) & tomato (+) & taro (+) & kidney bean (+) Succinea putris clover (+ +) & onion (+) & wheat (+) strawberry (+) & tomato (+) Deroceras reticulatum clover (+) & tomato (+)

(+) = low infestation, 1- 15 snails/ 50 × 50 cm.

( + +) = moderate infestation, 16 -30snails / 50 × 50 cm.

(+ + +) = heavy infestation, more than 30 snails / 50 × 50 cm.

914 ECOLOGY OF SOME TERRESTRIAL MOLLUSCS IN SHARKIA AND ISMAILIA GOVERNORATE

Table 3. Level of infestation with terrestrial molluscs on different crops at certain districts of Ismailia governorate.

Location Land gastropod species level of infestation on host plants county/village El-Ksasin El-Gdida Om-Azzam Monacha cartusiana clover (++) & wheat (+) & strawberry (+) tomato (+) Deroceras leave wheat (+) & strawberry (+) Al-Dawawis Monacha cartusiana clover (+) Succinea putris clover (+) & wheat (+) El-Kouq Monacha cartusiana clover (+) & wheat (+) & watermelon (+)

Succinea putris clover (+) & wheat (+) El-Mahsama Monacha cartusiana clover (+) & wheat (+) & Strawberry (+) & El-Kadima tomato (+) & watermelon (+) Succinea putris clover (+) & tomato (+) & watermelon (+) Deroceras leave wheat (+) & watermelon (+) Deroceras reticulatum strawberry (+) Ismailia El-Balad El-Firdan Monacha cartusiana Clover (+) & strawberry (+) & Squash (+)

El-wasfia Monacha cartusiana Clover (+) Succinea putris Clover (+) Abou atwa Monacha cartusiana Clover (+) & broad bean (+) & wheat (+) & strawberry (+) El-Dabaya Succinea putris Clover (+) Monacha cartusiana Clover (+) Deroceras reticulatum Clover (+) Fayed Kasfaryt Monacha cartusiana clover (+) & maize (+) & wheat (+) & tomato (+ +) & kidney bean (+) Succinea putris clover (+) Cochlicella acuta clover (+)&tomato(+)& kidney bean (+)

Fayed EL-Balad Monacha cartusiana clover (+ + +) & wheat (+ +) & eggplant (+) & tomato (+) & Succinea putris clover (+) & wheat (+) & tomato (+) Abou-Soltan Monacha cartusiana clover (+) & onion (+) & wheat (+) & pepper (+) & tomato (+) Srabyoum Monacha cartusiana clover (+) & wheat (+) & strawberry (+) & El-Mahata kidney bean (+)

Deroceras leave clover (+) & tomato (+) & kidneybean (+)

(+) = low infestation, 1- 15 snails/ 50 × 50 cm.

( + +) = moderate infestation, 16 -30snails / 50 × 50 cm.

(+ + +) = heavy infestation, (more than 30 snails / 50 × 50 cm.

Other identified snails showed limited distribution since they were detected in few localities, whereas, D. leave abundantly found on strawberry, and wheat and watermelon in (Om Azzam and El-Mahsama El-Kadima village) El-Ksasin El-Gadida RADY,G.H. et al. 915

district respectively, and on Egyptian clover, tomato and kidney bean in Fayed village. However, strawberry was found with light infestation in El-Mahsama El-Kadima village, whereas the slug D.reticulatum was detected for the first time in Ismailia governorate. On the other hand, C. acuta was counted with a relatively low number on Egyptian clover, tomato and kidney bean at Kasfaryt village, Fayed district, Ismailia governorate. Discussing the foregoing results, it is well know that land snails and slugs were recorded as serious pests to agricultural crops in different places in Egypt. The terrestrial snails were found at different governorate attacking many economic crops. For instances, Monacha sp. and Oxychilus sp. were detected in Ismaelia Governorate (El-Okda, 1984), Eobania vermiculata, T. pisana, Hellicella vestalis, M. obstructa, C. acuta, Rumina decollate and Oxychilus sp. were found in and (El-Okda, 1980). Moreover, E. vermiculta, Succinia putris and C. nemoralis were determined at Kafr El-Shiekh, M. cartusiana, C.nemoralis, C. acuta, O. alliavus, and Helicella sp. at Damiatta Governorate and M. cartusiana, S. putris, E. vermiculata, C. acuta and C. nemoralis at (El-Deeb et al. 1996). On the other hand, at Sharkia governorate Ghamry et al., 1993, Ismail 1997, Mahrous et al., 2002 and Lokma, 2007 detected certain land snail species on field and vegetable crops.Ismail (1997) reported that Egyptian clover, wheat and broad bean were heavily infested with M. cartusiana in six counties while maize and rice were found with light infestation by the same species in district. Whereas, Mahrous et al. (2002) reported that M. cartusiana was the main pest of field crops in most districts of Sharkia governorate, while H. vestalis and E. vermiculata were detected on Egyptian clover, broad bean, wheat and maize in Belbies and El-Hussainia districts. However, Succinia sp. was observed on Egyptian clover at Fakous district only. Moreover, Ismail (2004) revealed the snail E. vermiculata were found throughout allover the whole year with low numbers in January and gradually increased to reach to peak in May in orange orchad in Sharkia governorate and the highest numbers were recorded on tree trunks during spring season compared with soil surface. Ismail et al. (2011) reported that M. cartusiana and S. putris snails were found at Hehia and Meniet El-kamh while M. cartusiana was found with higher density than S.putris on agricultural crops and weeds at Sharkia governorate. finally Awad (2013) surveyed the existence of four species of land snails M.theba cartusiana,M.cantiana, S.putris and S.elegans in south district of Port Saied region, Port Saied governorate .The population density of all observed land snails was heavier on Egyptian clover followed by wheat and sugar beet,also recorded highest numbers through spring season followed by Autumn and Winter.

916 ECOLOGY OF SOME TERRESTRIAL MOLLUSCS IN SHARKIA AND ISMAILIA GOVERNORATE

1. Importance value of some terrestrial molluscs at Sharkia and Ismailia governorate. The objective of the present study is to characterize communities of land gastropod species infesting major crops at Sharkia and Ismailia governorate using some ecological parameters i.e. frequency of occurrence, population density and biomass. To accomplish this goal, a total of 360 samples were randomly collected from 3 districts in each of Sharkia and Ismailia governorate. Data in Tables (4&5) indicated that according to frequency of occurrence M. cartusiana was the most frequently species followed by descendingly S. putris and D. reticulatum. Their absolute frequencies of occurrence were 21.66, 12.50 and 1.11% respectively at Sharkia governorate. On the other hand ,according to frequency of occurrence, M. cartusiana was the most frequently species followed descendingly by S. putris > D. leave > D. reticulatum >C. acuta, with absolute frequency of occurrence of 28.61, 5.55, 1.11, 0.83 and 0.27 % respectively at Ismailia governorate. According to population density it was found that M. cartusiana gained the highest value (10.80) (8.24) followed descendingly by Succina putris (8.82) (5.40) and D. reticulatum (2.25) (4) snails per sample) at Sharkia and Ismailia governorate respectively. While D. leave and C. acuta were detected with values (1.25) and (1) at Ismailia governorate. The relative population density for the identified species at Sharkia and Ismailia Governorate were M. cartusiana (49.38%) & (41.42%), Succina putris (40.32%) & (27.14%) and Slug, D.reticulatum (10.28%) & (20.11%) respectively. However, according to biomass criterion D. reticulatum weighed 0.500 gm /slug followed by M. cartusiana (0.475) > C. acuta (0.220) > D. leave (0.200) > Succinea putris 0.191 (gm / snail). Consequently relative biomass showed the same arrangement. Descending orders of land snail species as evaluated by frequency of occurrence, population density, biomass and importance value at Sharkia and Ismailia governorate. It is clear that they showed different arrangement. For example, M. cartusiana was the first one according to frequency of occurrence and apopulation density and biomass at Ismailia governorate.While according to biomass it was the second. Moreover, S.putris changed its position from second according to frequency of occurrence or population density to light based on biomass.Since frequency of occurrence, population density and biomass gave different results. RADY,G.H. et al. 917

Table 4. Importance value of some terrestrial molluscs species at Sharkia governorate.

Frequency occurrence Population Biomass % Density (gm) Importance Snail species Absolute Relative Absolute Relative Absolute Relative value (%) (%) M. cartusiana 21.66 61.41 10.80 49.38 0.475 40.70 151.49 S. putris 12.50 35.44 8.82 40.32 0.192 16.45 92.21 D. reticulatum 1.11 3.14 2.25 10.28 0.500 42.84 56.26

Table 5. Importance values some terrestrial molluscs species at Ismailia governorate.

Frequency Population Biomass occurrence Density (gm) Importanc % Snail species e value Relative Relative Absolute Relative Absolute Absolute (%) (%) M. cartusiana 28.61 78.66 8.24 41.42 0.475 029.93 150.01 S. putris 5.55 15.25 5.40 27.14 0.192 12.09 54.48 D. reticulatum 0.83 2.28 4 20.11 0.500 31.50 53.89 D. leave 1.11 3.05 1.25 6.28 0.200 12.60 21.93 C. acuta 0.27 0.74 1 5.02 0.220 13.86 19.62

*Importance value = Relative frequency + relative density + relative biomass.

They can be combined together in hope of having a figure that would relate aspects of the three parameters.Therefore, the relationship of three parameters was calculated as importance value according to Norton (1978). Generally, terrestrial gastropods can be arranged descendingly according to their importance value of Sharkia Governorate as follows: M. cartusiana > Succinia putris > D .reticulatum, while the repection values it Ismailia Governorate were: M. cartusiana > Succinia putris > D. reticulatum > D. leave > C. acuta. Regarding frequency of occurrence and population density of terrestrial snails infesting field crops in five districts of Sharkia Governorate Lokma (2007) showed that based on frequency occurrence, for instances, on clover. M. cartusiana occurred more frequently in Meniet El-Kamh, Fakous and Zagazig compared to Belbies and Kafr –Sakr. On the other hand, the highest values of population density for such snail were found in Fakous and Meniet El-Kamh followed by Belbies, Kafr-Sakr and Zagazig. However, Shoieb Maha (2008) showed that the white snail Theba pisana the common terrestrial snails at Canal area, while Monacha obstructa was recorded highly abundance in Ismaelia governorate and caused economic damage on Egyptian clover and several vegetable crops.She reported that the garden snail Eobania vermiculata recorded only on ornamental plants in public gardens. The conical snail C. acuta was recorded with heavy infestation on mango trees in Ismaelia Governorate, Xeroptica vestalis recorded at in Raffah area, the snail Succinea campestris was noticed as the first time in Ismaelia Governorate.

918 ECOLOGY OF SOME TERRESTRIAL MOLLUSCS IN SHARKIA AND ISMAILIA GOVERNORATE

Consequently, determination of the infested localities and dispersal to neighboring edge of Govenorates can be very useful in suggestion to make local quarantine to prevent dispersal of land snail all over plantations of Sharkia and Ismailia governorate. Moreover, during the last few years, land snails were dispersed quickly at Sharkia governorate.For example, Ismail (1997) showed that 17 localities representing 7 districts were infested with land snail species. However, AbdEL-Aal (2001) indicated that 44 localites representing 12 districts were infested with land snails at Sharkia governorate. Furthermore, Lokma (2007) showed that the infestation with land snails was obviously increased in the last few years at Sharkia governorate. Number of infested localities was 84 villages with percent infestation of 18.14% during 2003. These figures were increased to 111 villages with percent infestation of 23.97% during 2004.Finally, Shetaia et al. (2009) reported that the glassy clover snail Monacha cartusiana and the amber snail, Succinea putris were found at Awlad-Sakr and Abo-Kapeer counties, Sharkia governorate. M. cartusiana sanil was found with higher density than S. putris. The majority of examined crops were found with heavy infestation with M. cartusiana snail while S. putris were recorded with moderate or light infestation in the examined localities.The land snail species can be arranged descedingly, according to its importance values as follow: E.vermiculata>, M. cartusiana>,C.acuta>,H.vestalis.

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920 ECOLOGY OF SOME TERRESTRIAL MOLLUSCS IN SHARKIA AND ISMAILIA GOVERNORATE

ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻟﺭﺨﻭﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﺭﻀﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺤﺎﻓﻅﺘﻰ ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻗﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﺴﻤﺎﻋﻴﻠﻴﺔ

ﺠﺎﺩ ﺤﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺤﺴﻥ ﺭﺍﻀﻰ١، ﺃﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻟﻭﻫﺎﺏ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻟﺠﻭﺍﺩ١، ﺸﺤﺎﺘﻪ ﺃﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﺴﻤﺎﻋﻴل٢، ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺤﺴﻥ ﻋﺼﺎﻡ ﻟﻘﻤﺔ٢

١- ﻗﺴﻡ ﻭﻗﺎﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﺎﺕ- ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺯﺭﺍﻋﺔ ﺒﻤﺸﺘﻬﺭ – ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺒﻨﻬﺎ. ٢- ﻤﻌﻬﺩ ﺒﺤﻭﺙ ﻭﻗﺎﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﺎﺘﺎﺕ – ﻤﺭﻜﺯ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﻭﺙ ﺍﻟﺯﺭﺍﻋﻴﺔ – ﺍﻟﺩﻗﻰ – ﺠﻴﺯﻩ.

ﺃﺠﺭﻴﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﺏ ﺍﻟﺤﻘﻠﻴﺔ ﻟﺤﺼﺭ ﻭﻜﺜﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺩﺍﺩ ﻭﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻷﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺭﺨﻭﻴـﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﺭﻀـﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘـﻲ ﺘﺼﻴﺏ ﺒﻌﺽ ﻤﺤﺎﺼﻴل ﺍﻟﺨﻀﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﺤﻘل ﺒﻤﺤﺎﻓﻅﺘﻰ ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻗﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﺴﻤﺎﻋﻴﻠﻴﺔ . ﺘﻡ ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﺨﻤﺱ ﺍﻨﻭﺍﻉ ﻤـﻥ ﺍﻟﺭﺨﻭﻴﺎﺕ ﺘﺼﻴﺏ ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻑ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺎﺼﻴل ﻓﻲ ﻤﺤﺎﻓﻅﺘﻰ ﺍﻻﺴﻤﺎﻋﻠﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺭﻗﻴﺔ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻷﻨـﻭﺍﻉ ﻫـﻰ ﻗﻭﻗـﻊ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﺴﻴﻡ ﺍﻟﺯﺠﺎﺠﻰ ,Monacha cartusian ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻭﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﺫﻫﺒﻲ Succinea putris ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻭﻗـﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺭﻭﻁـﻲ Cochlicella acuta ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺯﺍﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﺴﺎﺀ Deroceras leave ﻭﺃﺨﻴـﺭﺍ ﺒﺯﺍﻗـﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﻘـل Deroceras reticulatum ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺴﺠﻠﺕ ﻷﻭل ﻤﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺤﺎﻓﻅﺔ ﺍﻷﺴﻤﺎﻋﻴﻠﻴﺔ .ﻜﻤﺎ ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﺍﻟﻜﺜﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩﻴـﺔ ﻷﻨـﻭﺍﻉ ﺍﻟﺭﺨﻭﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﺭﻀﻴﺔ ﺩﺍﺨل ﺜﻼﺜﺔ ﻤﺭﺍﻜﺯ ﺒﻤﺤﺎﻓﻅﺘﻰ ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻗﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻷﺴﻤﺎﻋﻴﻠﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺎﺼـﻴل ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔـﺔ ﻭﺫﻟﻙ ﺨﻼل ﻤﻭﺴﻤﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﺸﺎﻁ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺭﺓ ﻤﻥ ﻓﺒﺭﺍﻴﺭ ﺇﻟﻲ ﻤﺎﻴﻭ ٢٠٠٨ ﻭ ٢٠٠٩ .ﻭﻴﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﻗﻭﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﺴـﻴﻡ ﺍﻟﺯﺠﺎﺠﻲ ﻫﻭ ﺍﻷﻜﺜﺭ ﺸﻴﻭﻋﺎ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻤﺤﺎﺼﻴل ﺍﻟﺤﻘل ﻭﺍﻟﺨﻀﺭ. ﻭﻋﻤﻭﻤﺎ ﺇﺨﺘﻠﻔﺕ ﺍﻟﻜﺜﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﻋﺎﺌل ﺇﻟﻲ ﺃﺨﺭ ﻭﻜﺫﻟﻙ ﻤﻥ ﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻲ ﺍﺨﺭﻱ،. ﻭﻜﺎﻥ ﺘﺭﺘﻴﺒﻬﺎ ﺘﻨﺎﺯﻟﻴﺎ ﻜﺎﻵﺘﻲ ﻗﻭﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﺴﻴﻡ ﺍﻟﺯﺠﺎﺠﻲ ﺜﻡ ﻗﻭﻗـﻊ ﺍﻟﺫﻫﺒﻲ ﻭﺃﺨﻴﺭﺍ ﺒﺯﺍﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﻘل . ﻭﻗﻭﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﺴﻴﻡ ﺍﻟﺯﺠﺎﺠﻲ ﺜﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﻭﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﺫﻫﺒﻲ ﺜﻡ ﺒﺯﺍﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﻘل ﺜـﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﺯﺍﻗـﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﺴﺎﺀ ﻭﺃﺨﻴﺭﺍ ﺍﻟﻘﻭﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺭﻭﻁﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺤﺎﻓﻅﺘﻰ ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻗﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﺴﻤﺎﻋﻴﻠﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺘﻴﺏ.