THE SUBPLATE, a TRANSIENT NEOCORTICAL STRUCTURE: Its Role in the Development of Connections Between Thalamus and Cortex
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Subplate Neurons: Crucial Regulators of Cortical Development and Plasticity
REVIEW ARTICLE published: 20 August 2009 NEUROANATOMY doi: 10.3389/neuro.05.016.2009 Subplate neurons: crucial regulators of cortical development and plasticity Patrick O. Kanold* Department of Biology, Institute for Systems Research, and Program in Neuroscience and Cognitive Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA Edited by: The developing cerebral cortex contains a distinct class of cells, subplate neurons, which Kathleen S. Rockland, RIKEN Brain form one of the fi rst functional cortical circuits. Subplate neurons reside in the cortical white Science Institute, Japan matter, receive thalamic inputs and project into the developing cortical plate, mostly to layer Reviewed by: Heiko J. Luhmann, Institut für 4. Subplate neurons are present at key time points during development. Removal of subplate Physiologie und Pathophysiologie, neurons profoundly affects cortical development. Subplate removal in visual cortex prevents the Germany maturation of thalamocortical synapse, the maturation of inhibition in layer 4, the development Sampsa Vanhatalo, of orientation selective responses in individual cortical neurons, and the formation of ocular University of Helsinky, Finland dominance columns. In addition, monocular deprivation during development reveals that ocular *Correspondence: Patrick O. Kanold, Department of dominance plasticity is paradoxical in the absence of subplate neurons. Because subplate neurons Biology, University of Maryland, 1116 projecting to layer 4 are glutamatergic, these diverse defi cits following subplate removal were Biosciences Research Building, hypothesized to be due to lack of feed-forward thalamic driven cortical excitation. A computational College Park, MD 20742, USA. model of the developing thalamocortical pathway incorporating feed-forward excitatory subplate e-mail: [email protected] projections replicates both normal development and plasticity of ocular dominance as well as the effects of subplate removal. -
Neuroscience in Brief
Neuroscience in Brief On the Move from Academia to Industry: Established Neuroscientists Who Have Made the Transition from Academia to Industry Are Finding Different Rewards in a New Environment Contributed by Laura Bonetta In 1997, neuroscientist Frank Walsh was Wyeth Research in Pennsylvania, as exec- asked by Peter Goodfellow whether he utive vice president for discovery research would be interested in leading the neuro- worldwide. At Wyeth, a company that has science division at SmithKline Beecham several blockbuster drugs in the market, in- Pharmaceuticals (now GlaxoSmithKline) in cluding the antidepressant Effexor XR (ven- Harlow, UK. Goodfellow, a well known ge- lafaxine), drug discovery depended mostly neticist, had joined the company from the University of Cambridge a few years earlier. on a large chemistry effort and on broad in- Although Walsh, then research dean at teractions with colleagues. “As a biologist, it Guy’s Hospital in London, and head of a is typically difficult to gain access to chemis- well-funded research lab, was not looking to try. It is very pleasing to have chemists to move, he started thinking about the oppor- work with on projects,” says Walsh. tunities created by working in an industrial environment. “I was working in a large Looking for change medical school on diseases. But I had a lim- Unlike Walsh, when Richard Scheller left ited ability to impact on human health. That academia, he was actively seeking a is just the nature of how an academic insti- change. He had been a professor at Stan- tution is set up,” he says. In addition, Smith- ford University School of Medicine in Kline was “a very academically oriented “One of the main differences is the availability of resources company. -
LHX2 Interacts with the Nurd Complex and Regulates Cortical Neuron Subtype Determinants Fezf2 and Sox11
194 • The Journal of Neuroscience, January 4, 2017 • 37(1):194–203 Development/Plasticity/Repair LHX2 Interacts with the NuRD Complex and Regulates Cortical Neuron Subtype Determinants Fezf2 and Sox11 X Bhavana Muralidharan,1 Zeba Khatri,1 Upasana Maheshwari,1 Ritika Gupta,1 Basabdatta Roy,1 Saurabh J. Pradhan,2,3 Krishanpal Karmodiya,2 XHari Padmanabhan,1,4,5 XAshwin S. Shetty,1,4 Chinthapalli Balaji,1 X Ullas Kolthur-Seetharam,1 XJeffrey D. Macklis,4,5 Sanjeev Galande,2 and XShubha Tole1 1Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai 400005, India, 2Indian Institute of Science, Education, and Research, Pune 411008, India, 3Symbiosis School of Biomedical Sciences, Symbiosis International University, Lavale, Pune, 4Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology and 5Center for Brain Science, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138 In the developing cerebral cortex, sequential transcriptional programs take neuroepithelial cells from proliferating progenitors to dif- ferentiated neurons with unique molecular identities. The regulatory changes that occur in the chromatin of the progenitors are not well understood. During deep layer neurogenesis, we show that transcription factor LHX2 binds to distal regulatory elements of Fezf2 and Sox11, critical determinants of neuron subtype identity in the mouse neocortex. We demonstrate that LHX2 binds to the nucleosome remodeling and histone deacetylase histone remodeling complex subunits LSD1, HDAC2, and RBBP4, which are proximal regulators of the epigenetic state of chromatin. When LHX2 is absent, active histone marks at the Fezf2 and Sox11 loci are increased. Loss of LHX2 produces an increase, and overexpression of LHX2 causes a decrease, in layer 5 Fezf2 and CTIP2-expressing neurons. -
PUBH 8901 Doctoral Professional Development Seminar School of Public Health the University of Memphis Fall 2019
PUBH 8901, Fall 2019, version:08.22.19 PUBH 8901 Doctoral Professional Development Seminar School of Public Health The University of Memphis Fall 2019 Mondays, 5:30-8:30pm 235 Robison Hall Instructor Ken Ward Office: 201 Robison Hall Phone: 678.1702 E-mail: [email protected] Office hours: by appointment Course Description This is a seminar for all School of Public Health doctoral students that is required during the first or second year of training. It will address a variety of professional issues that are vital to success as a doctoral student and public health professional. A major portion of the course is dedicated to responsible conduct in research. Other topics include public health history, philosophy, and ethics; manuscript and grant writing; reviewing others’ scientific work; delivering poster and oral presentations; developing positive mentor/mentee relationships, and time management. Course Prerequisite Enrollment as a first or second year doctoral student in the School of Public Health Learning Objectives 1. Discuss and critically evaluate scholarly or popular treatments of major developments in the history or philosophy of public health 2. Apply ethics frameworks to public health decision making 3. Understand, evaluate, and apply accepted standards of responsible conduct in scientific research 4. Prepare and deliver effective poster and oral presentations 5. Understand effective strategies for identifying grant funding opportunities and writing successful research grants 6. Critically evaluate the quality of scientific manuscripts submitted for publication 7. Improve scientific writing skills 8. Recognize and discuss diverse issues important to educational and professional success 9. Understand the roles and responsibilities of mentors and mentees 10. -
Regional Scattering of Primate Subplate Zolt ´Anmoln ´Ara,1 and Anna Hoerder-Suabedissena
COMMENTARY COMMENTARY Regional scattering of primate subplate Zolt ´anMoln ´ara,1 and Anna Hoerder-Suabedissena The subplate layer is a highly dynamic zone of the generation of the macaque cortical neuronal cohorts developing cerebral cortex that reaches huge propor- that we still use today (7). Since then we gained a tions in human and nonhuman primates and has been much better understanding of the subplate and its associated with various brain developmental abnor- dynamic interactions with incoming afferents and malities. It contains some of the earliest-born neurons forming cortical circuits in a variety of species (4, 8– of the cortex. Surprisingly, the timing of subplate neuron 11). Additionally, the subplate has been the subject birth, migration, distribution, and degree of programmed of imaging studies and transcriptomic analyses be- cell death has only been analyzed in detail in rodents and cause of increasing evidence for its association with carnivores, but not in primates. The study by Duque et al. various cognitive developmental disorders (7, 12–14). (1) is the first that specifically examines the distribution of The majority of recent work on the subplate was subplate cells labeled with the DNA replication marker conducted on rodents and carnivores, sometimes with tritiated thymidine ([3H]dT) across different brain regions clear interspecies differences (15–18), emphasizing the in valuable archived macaque brain material. They show importance of nonhuman primate and human studies that macaque subplate neurons, after having completed such as the one in PNAS (1). Combined birth dating and their migration, become secondarily displaced inward by marker expression studies in the mouse suggest that the arrival of subcortical and cortical axons. -
Alumni Director Cover Page.Pub
Harvard University Program in Neuroscience History of Enrollment in The Program in Neuroscience July 2018 Updated each July Nicholas Spitzer, M.D./Ph.D. B.A., Harvard College Entered 1966 * Defended May 14, 1969 Advisor: David Poer A Physiological and Histological Invesgaon of the Intercellular Transfer of Small Molecules _____________ Professor of Neurobiology University of California at San Diego Eric Frank, Ph.D. B.A., Reed College Entered 1967 * Defended January 17, 1972 Advisor: Edwin J. Furshpan The Control of Facilitaon at the Neuromuscular Juncon of the Lobster _______________ Professor Emeritus of Physiology Tus University School of Medicine Albert Hudspeth, M.D./Ph.D. B.A., Harvard College Entered 1967 * Defended April 30, 1973 Advisor: David Poer Intercellular Juncons in Epithelia _______________ Professor of Neuroscience The Rockefeller University David Van Essen, Ph.D. B.S., California Instute of Technology Entered 1967 * Defended October 22, 1971 Advisor: John Nicholls Effects of an Electronic Pump on Signaling by Leech Sensory Neurons ______________ Professor of Anatomy and Neurobiology Washington University David Van Essen, Eric Frank, and Albert Hudspeth At the 50th Anniversary celebraon for the creaon of the Harvard Department of Neurobiology October 7, 2016 Richard Mains, Ph.D. Sc.B., M.S., Brown University Entered 1968 * Defended April 24, 1973 Advisor: David Poer Tissue Culture of Dissociated Primary Rat Sympathec Neurons: Studies of Growth, Neurotransmier Metabolism, and Maturaon _______________ Professor of Neuroscience University of Conneccut Health Center Peter MacLeish, Ph.D. B.E.Sc., University of Western Ontario Entered 1969 * Defended December 29, 1976 Advisor: David Poer Synapse Formaon in Cultures of Dissociated Rat Sympathec Neurons Grown on Dissociated Rat Heart Cells _______________ Professor and Director of the Neuroscience Instute Morehouse School of Medicine Peter Sargent, Ph.D. -
Development, Evolution and Pathology of Neocortical Subplate Neurons
REVIEWS Development, evolution and pathology of neocortical subplate neurons Anna Hoerder-Suabedissen and Zoltán Molnár Abstract | Subplate neurons have an essential role in cortical circuit formation. They are among the earliest formed neurons of the cerebral cortex, are located at the junction of white and grey matter, and are necessary for correct thalamocortical axon ingrowth. Recent transcriptomic studies have provided opportunities for monitoring and modulating selected subpopulations of these cells. Analyses of mouse lines expressing reporter genes have demonstrated novel, extracortical subplate neurogenesis and have shown how subplate cells are integrated under the influence of sensory activity into cortical and extracortical circuits. Recent studies have revealed that the subplate is involved in neurosecretion and modification of the extracellular milieu. The subplate zone is a transient cortical structure that subplate zone, their molecular identity and their sites of forms during mammalian brain development. Its early generation. Finally, we touch on how perinatal brain inju- maturity, and location at the interface between the devel- ries in the subplate in animal models and in humans can oping cortex and the ingrowing afferent fibres (FIGS 1,2), lead to subtle cytoarchitectonic and circuit abnormalities allows the subplate to have fundamental roles in the that are relevant to autism or schizophrenia. establishment of intracortical and extracortical circuit- ries, and to contribute to the guidance and areal targeting Subplate zone versus subplate cells of thalamocortical axons1. The subplate zone is generally identified based on cyto- Subplate neurons are a heterogeneous population of architectonic distinctions (FIGS 1,2), although not all neurons that are among the earliest generated in the cer- mammalian species have a distinct subplate zone dur- ebral cortex1–5. -
Fezf2 Expression Identifies a Multipotent Progenitor For
Neuron Report Fezf2 Expression Identifies a Multipotent Progenitor for Neocortical Projection Neurons, Astrocytes, and Oligodendrocytes Chao Guo,1,3 Matthew J. Eckler,1,3 William L. McKenna,1 Gabriel L. McKinsey,2 John L.R. Rubenstein,2 and Bin Chen1,* 1Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA 2Department of Psychiatry, Neuroscience Program, and the Nina Ireland Laboratory of Developmental Neurobiology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA 3These authors contributed equally to this work *Correspondence: [email protected] http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2013.09.037 SUMMARY 1988), and in vitro culture of single RGCs (Shen et al., 2006) suggests that cortical projection neuron subtype is sequen- Progenitor cells in the cerebral cortex sequentially tially determined by birthdate through progressive lineage re- generate distinct classes of projection neurons. striction of a common RGC (Leone et al., 2008). However, Recent work suggests the cortex may contain the identification of early Cux2-expressing (Cux2+) RGCs, intrinsically fate-restricted progenitors marked by which were reported to be intrinsically specified to generate expression of Cux2. However, the heterogeneity late-born, upper-layer neurons (Franco et al., 2012), calls of the neocortical ventricular zone as well as the into question this decades-old model and raises the possibility that deep-layer projection neurons are similarly generated contribution of lineage-restricted progenitors to the from -
Cux2-Positive Radial Glial Cells Generate Diverse Subtypes of Neocortical Projection Neurons and Macroglia
San Jose State University SJSU ScholarWorks Master's Theses Master's Theses and Graduate Research Summer 2016 Cux2-Positive Radial Glial Cells Generate Diverse Subtypes of Neocortical Projection Neurons and Macroglia Ton Dan Nguyen San Jose State University Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.sjsu.edu/etd_theses Recommended Citation Nguyen, Ton Dan, "Cux2-Positive Radial Glial Cells Generate Diverse Subtypes of Neocortical Projection Neurons and Macroglia" (2016). Master's Theses. 4732. DOI: https://doi.org/10.31979/etd.v8xn-b84g https://scholarworks.sjsu.edu/etd_theses/4732 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Master's Theses and Graduate Research at SJSU ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Master's Theses by an authorized administrator of SJSU ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. CUX2-POSITIVE RADIAL GLIAL CELLS GENERATE DIVERSE SUBTYPES OF NEOCORTICAL PROJECTION NEURONS AND MACROGLIA A Thesis Presented to The Faculty of Department of Biological Studies San José State University In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Science by Ton Dan Nguyen August 2016 © 2016 Ton Dan Nguyen ALL RIGHTS RESERVED The Designated Thesis Committee Approves the Thesis Titled CUX2-POSITIVE RADIAL GLIAL CELLS GENERATE DIVERSE SUBTYPES OF NEOCORTICAL PROJECTION NEURONS AND MACROGLIA By Ton Dan Nguyen APPROVED FOR THE DEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES SAN JOSÉ STATE UNIVERSITY August 2016 Dr. Tzvia Abramson, Committee Chair Department of Biological Sciences, SJSU Dr. Katherine Wilkinson Department of Biological Sciences, SJSU Dr. Bin Chen Department of MCD Biology, UCSC ABSTRACT The mammalian neocortex is 6-layered structure that develops in an “inside-out” manner, with cells of the deep layers (Layers 5-6) born first. -
Subplate Neurons: Their Biopsychosocial Role in Cognitive and Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Nociception and Stress
Journal of Neurology & Stroke Review Article Open Access Subplate neurons: their biopsychosocial role in cognitive and neurodevelopmental disorders, nociception and stress Abstract Volume 10 Issue 5 - 2020 A systematic review was carried out of the literature especially in humans reporting Rosana Maria Tristão, Andressa Carvalho the origin, functions and neural changes of the subplate zone and the relationships with neurodevelopmental disorders and stress or nociceptive reaction in neonates. Thirty-two Oliveira, Nágelin Ferreira Barreto, Carlos articles with established criteria were identified. Academic Google, SciElo, PubMed, Nogueira Aucélio, Geraldo Magela Scopus, Cochraine Library and Web of Science databases were searched until January Fernandes, Karina Nascimento Costa, José 2020 for scientific papers written in any language. Subplate neurons are present during Alfredo Lacerda de Jesus embryogenesis of the nervous system and shortly after birth. Through them, the brain University of Brasilia, Medicine of Child and Adolescent Area, forms the first connections between the thalamus and the cortex originating sensory and Brazil cognitive capacities. Because of this, disorders involving migration and apoptosis failures or tissue injury can lead to psychiatric disorders, such as autism and schizophrenia, and to Correspondence: Rosana Maria Tristão, Child and Adolescent morphological alterations that may alter cognitive functions, modify the perception of pain Area, Faculty of Medicine, University of Brasília, Darcy Ribeiro Campus, 70910-900, Phone +5561999689359, Brasília DF, Brazil, in fetuses and neonates and have repercussions in adult life. Accumulative evidences reveal Email the importance of subplate neurons for neurodevelopment, previously ignored because they are transient cells. The elucidation of some morphological aspects of the cerebral cortex Received: May 28, 2020 | Published: September 08, 2020 may explain mental disorders, the beginning of the perception of nociceptive stimuli and their implication in the long term. -
Subplate Pioneers and the Formation of Descending Connections from Cerebral Cortex
The Journal of Neuroscience, April 1994, 14(4): 1892-l 907 Subplate Pioneers and the Formation of Descending Connections from Cerebral Cortex Susan K. McConnell,1 Anirvan Ghosh,2-a and Carla J. Shatz3 ‘Department of Biological Sciences and *Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, and 3Division of Neurobiology, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720 The adult cerebral cortex extends axons to a variety of sub- pioneer neurons are required for the formation of normal adult cortical targets, including the thalamus and superior collic- connections in some systems:cell ablation studies in both ver- ulus. These descending projections are pioneered during tebrates(Kuwada, 1986)and invertebrates (Bastiani et al., 1985; development by the axons of a transient population of sub- Klose and Bentley, 1989) have demonstratedthat many axons plate neurons (McConnell et al., 1989). We show here that fail to develop normally in the absenceof pioneers. the descending axons of cortical plate neurons appear to In the mammalian telencephalon,a transient classof pioneer be delayed significantly in their outgrowth, compared with neurons lays down the initial axonal pathways between the ce- those of subplate neurons. To assess the possible role of rebral cortex and the thalamus (McConnell et al., 1989).These subplate neurons in the formation of these pathways, sub- subplate neurons are among the earliest-generatedneurons of plate neurons were ablated during the embryonic period. In the neocortex, but the majority of thesecells disappearin early all cases, an axon pathway formed from visual cortex through postnatal periods in a wave of cell death (Valverde and Facal- the internal capsule and into the thalamus. -
Differential Expression of Synaptic Vesicle Protein 2 (SV2) Lsoforms
The Journal of Neuroscience, September 1994, M(9): 5223-5235 Differential Expression of Synaptic Vesicle Protein 2 (SV2) lsoforms Sandra M. Bajjalieh,’ Gretchen D. Fran&* James M. Weimann,* Susan K. McConnell,* and Richard H. Schellerl ‘Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, and *Department of Biological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305 The synaptic vesicle proteins SVSA and SV2B (SV2 = syn- organ of the electric fish Discopygeommata. Early biochemical aptic vesicle protein 2) are two highly related proteins be- characterization revealed that the SV2 antigen is part of a syn- longing to a family of transporters. As a first step toward aptic vesicle membrane glycoprotein present in all neural and identifying the function of the SV2 proteins, we examined endocrine cells surveyed (Buckley and Kelly, 1985). cDNAs the expression of SVSA and SVSB in the rat brain by in situ encodingtwo proteins recognized by the anti-SV2 antibody have hybridization, immunohistochemistry, and immunoprecipi- been isolated from rat (Bajjalieh et al., 1992, 1993; Feany et al., tation with isoform-specific antibodies. These analyses re- 1992). The amino acid sequencesof the SV2 proteins are 65% vealed that one isoform, SVPA, is expressed ubiquitously identical and -80% similar (Fig. 1). These proteins, denoted throughout the brain at varying levels. The other isoform, SV2A and SV2B, demonstrate significant homology to a large SVSB, has a more limited distribution with varying degrees family of transporter proteins (Henderson and Maiden, 1990; of coexpression with SVPA. lmmunoprecipitation of brain Henderson, 1993). The homology to transporters suggeststhat synaptic vesicles with isoform-specific antibodies followed the SV2 proteins are synaptic vesicle-specific transporters.