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Jack Lerner Michael C Before the United States Copyright Office Library of Congress ) In the Matter of ) ) Exemption to Prohibition on ) Docket No. RM 2011-07 Circumvention of Copyright Protection ) Systems for Access Control Technologies ) ) PROPOSED CLASS #1 PROPONENTS: INTERNATIONAL DOCUMENTARY ASSOCATION, KARTEMQUIN EDUCATIONAL FILMS, INC., NATIONAL ALLIANCE FOR MEDIA ARTS AND CULTURE, AND INDEPENDENT FILMMAKER PROJECT PROPOSED CLASS #2 PROPONENTS: MARK BERGER, BOBETTE BUSTER, BARNET KELLMAN, AND GENE ROSOW SUBMITTED BY: Jack I. Lerner Michael C. Donaldson USC Intellectual Property and Chris Perez Technology Law Clinic Donaldson & Callif, LLP University of Southern California 400 South Beverly Drive Gould School of Law Beverly Hills, CA 90212 699 Exposition Boulevard Los Angeles, CA 90089 With the assistance of Clinical Interns Brendan Charney, Alex Cohen, Justin Gomes, and Jianing Yu. Jack Lerner Michael C. Donaldson USC Intellectual Property and Donaldson & Callif, LLP Technology Law Clinic 400 South Beverly Drive University of Southern California Beverly Hills, CA 90212 Gould School of Law Los Angeles, CA 90089 December 1, 2011 David O. Carson Copyright GC/I&R United States Copyright Office PO Box 70400 Washington, DC 20024–0400 RE: In the matter of exemption to prohibition on circumvention of copyright protection systems for access control technologies, Docket No. RM 2011-07 Dear Mr. Carson, Pursuant to the Notice of Inquiry of Exemption to Prohibition on Circumvention of Copyright Protection Systems for Access Control Technologies (“NOI”), we hereby submit two Comments requesting that the Librarian of Congress exempt the two classes of works from 17 U.S.C. § 1201(a)(1)’s prohibition on the circumvention of access control technologies for the period 2012-2015. We have submitted these Comments together in one document. Although the proposed classes differ, as do the Commenters requesting each exemption, we have submitted the Comments jointly because the proposed classes and the uses in question share many factual and legal similarities. The proposed classes are: Proposed Class #1: Motion pictures that are lawfully made and acquired from DVDs protected by the Content Scrambling System and Blu-Ray discs protected by Advanced Access Content System, or, if the motion picture is not reasonably available on DVD or Blu-Ray or not reasonably available in sufficient audiovisual quality on DVD or Blu-Ray, then from digitally transmitted video protected by an authentication protocol or by encryption, when circumvention is accomplished solely in order to incorporate short portions of motion pictures into new works for the purpose of fair use, and when the person engaging in circumvention reasonably believes that circumvention is necessary to obtain the motion picture in the following instances: documentary filmmaking; OR fictional filmmaking. Proposed Class #2: Motion pictures that are lawfully made and acquired from DVDs protected by the Content Scrambling System or, if the motion picture is not reasonably available on DVD or not reasonably available in sufficient audiovisual quality on DVD, then from digitally transmitted video protected by an authentication protocol or by encryption, when circumvention is accomplished solely in order to incorporate short portions of motion pictures into new works for the purpose of fair use, and when the person engaging in circumvention reasonably believes that circumvention is necessary to obtain the motion picture for multimedia e-book authorship. Very truly yours, Jack I. Lerner Michael C. Donaldson USC Intellectual Property and Donaldson & Callif, LLP Technology Law Clinic Before the United States Copyright Office Library of Congress ) In the Matter of ) ) Exemption to Prohibition on ) Docket No. RM 2011-07 Circumvention of Copyright Protection ) Systems for Access Control Technologies ) ) COMMENT OF INTERNATIONAL DOCUMENTARY ASSOCATION, KARTEMQUIN EDUCATIONAL FILMS, INC., NATIONAL ALLIANCE FOR MEDIA ARTS AND CULTURE, AND INDEPENDENT FILMMAKER PROJECT Submitted For: Submitted By: International Documentary Association Jack I. Lerner 1201 West Fifth Street, Suite M270 USC Intellectual Property and Technology Los Angeles, CA 90017 Law Clinic University of Southern California Kartemquin Educational Films, Inc. Gould School of Law 1901 West Wellington Avenue 699 Exposition Boulevard Chicago, IL 60657 Los Angeles, CA 90089 National Alliance for Media Arts and With the assistance of Clinical Interns Culture Brendan Charney, Alex Cohen, Justin Gomes, 145 9th Street, Suite 102 and Jianing Yu. San Francisco, CA 94103 Michael C. Donaldson Independent Filmmaker Project Chris Perez 68 Jay Street, Room 425 Donaldson & Callif, LLP Brooklyn, NY 11201 400 South Beverly Drive Beverly Hills, CA 90212 Comment of International Documentary Association, et. al. TABLE OF CONTENTS Page I. PROPOSED CLASS...............................................................................................................1 II. SUMMARY............................................................................................................................ 1 III. FACTUAL BACKGROUND............................................................................................. 4 A. Introduction......................................................................................................................... 4 B. Fair Use is Critical to Both Documentary and Fictional Filmmaking................................ 4 i. Documentary Filmmaking ............................................................................................... 6 ii. Fictional Filmmaking....................................................................................................... 6 C. Without an Exemption, the DMCA will Prevent Filmmakers From Accessing Materials Required to Make Fair Use......................................................................................................... 8 i. Filmmakers Continue to Require Materials from CSS-Protected DVDs ........................ 8 ii. Filmmakers Require Material from Blu-Ray Discs Protected by AACS ...................... 10 iii. Filmmakers Require Motion Pictures from Digitally Transmitted Video Protected by Encryption or Authentication Protocols................................................................................ 12 iv. Alternatives to Circumvention are Impracticable.......................................................... 15 IV. ARGUMENT.................................................................................................................... 18 A. Introduction....................................................................................................................... 18 B. The DMCA Imposes a Substantial Adverse Effect on Non-Infringing Uses by Severely Harming Filmmakers’ Ability to Make Fair Use...................................................................... 19 i. Filmmakers Rely on Fair Use ........................................................................................ 19 ii. The Proponents Have Met the Required Evidentiary Burden by Showing “Actual Instances of Verifiable Problems Occurring in the Marketplace” that Are Far “More than De Minimis.” .............................................................................................................................. 21 iii. CSS Technology on DVDs Has a Substantial Adverse Effect on Fair Use in Filmmaking ........................................................................................................................... 23 iv. AACS Technology on Blu-Ray Discs Has a Substantial Adverse Effect on Fair Use in Filmmaking ........................................................................................................................... 23 i Comment of International Documentary Association, et. al. v. Encryption and Authentication Protocols for Digitally Transmitted Video Have a Substantial Adverse Effect on Fair Use in Filmmaking ....................................................... 24 C. The Proposed Class is Narrowly Tailored to Prevent Harm to the Legitimate Interests of Rightsholders ............................................................................................................................ 24 i. Introduction.................................................................................................................... 24 ii. The Proposed Class is Limited to Motion Pictures, a Subset of a Category of Works Enumerated in 17 U.S.C. §102(A)(6), and is Further Tailored by Type of Format and Protection Measure ............................................................................................................... 25 iii. The Proposed Class is Limited to Two User Groups that Responsibly Make Fair Use 26 iv. The Proposed Class of Works is Further Tailored by Employing an Incremental Approach............................................................................................................................... 26 D. An Analysis Under the 17 U.S.C. §1201(a)(1)(C) Factors Favors Granting the Proposed Exemption for Each of the Requested Formats ........................................................................ 28 i. The Availability of the Copyrighted Works .................................................................. 28 ii. The Availability for Use of Works for Nonprofit Archival, Preservation, and Educational Purposes............................................................................................................ 30 iii. The Impact that
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