68th International Astronautical Congress (IAC), Adelaide, Australia, 25-29 September 2017. Copyright ©2017 by the International Astronautical Federation (IAF). All rights reserved.

IAC-17.B6.1.12.x37661

The Amazonia-1 ’s Ground Segment - Challenges for implementation of the Space Link Extension Protocol Services

Mr. Antonio Cassiano Julio Filhoa* Dra. Ana Maria Ambrosiob, Dr. Mauricio Gonçalves Vieira Ferreirac , Dr. Geilson Loureirod

a,b,c,d National Institute for Space Research (INPE), Av. dos Astronautas, 1758 São José dos Campos, S. Paulo . a [email protected], b [email protected], c [email protected], d [email protected] * Corresponding Author

Abstract

Amazonia-1 is the first Remote Sensing Satellite entirely developed at Brazil by National Institute for Space Research (INPE) and it is expected to be concluded in 2018. Amazonia-1 is a polar orbit satellite that will generate images with a 5 days revisit period. To do this, has a wide sight optical imager, called Wide Field Imager (WFI), able to observe a range of 700 km with 70 meters of spatial resolution. Its rapid revisit feature will enable Amazon deforestation alert data to improve in real time by maximizing the acquisition of useful images in the face of cloud cover in the region. The Amazonia-1 will also provide frequent images of Brazilian areas, and may be useful in other environmental monitoring applications, such as the coastal zone, water reservoirs, forests of other biomes and natural disasters. The Amazonia-1 satellite is based on the Multi-Mission Platform (MMP), which was also developed by INPE and other Brazilian industries as a part of the National Program of Space Activities (PNAE), coordinated by the (AEB). The MMP is generic platform to 500 kg class . With 250 kg mass, it provides the necessary resources, in terms of power, control, communication and others to operate, in orbit, a payload of up to 280 kg. The requirement of high rate of revisits and the need of controlling and data reception of other remote sensing satellites available in Brazil, for example, the CBERS (26 days to revisit) impose new challenges for the ground segment, related to control system of orbit and attitude and consequently in the reception, processing and distribution of data through the ground segment using the Space Link Extension (SLE) Protocol Services. The SLE protocol services establish activities, based on the Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems (CCSDS) for cross support recommendations, including Management Services for Data Transfer and SLE protocol services related to Telemetry and Telecommand. These services standards have been adopted by the different space agencies, such as: ESA, NASA, CNES, DLR, ASI, JAXA, INPE, to performing tracking and controlling of the spacecrafts. This paper presents an overview of the Amazonia-1 satellite’s ground segment, its objectives, the satellite design based in the Multi-Mission Platform (MMP) and also the preparation of the ground segment for the operation with the SLE Protocol and allow for efficient operations with cross support.

Keywords: Amazonia-1, Remote Sensing Satellite, Space Link Extension (SLE) Protocol, Satellite Control System, Space Mission Cost, CCSDS.

Acronyms AEB Brazilian Space Agency ESA ALC Alcântara (Brazilian TT&C Ground Station) FOP Fly Operation Plane API Application Program Interface GS Ground Station CBA Cuiabá (Brazilian TT&C Ground Station) IBS Integrated Baseband System CBERS China-Brazil Earth Resources Satellite INPE Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais CCSDS Consultative Committee for Space Data (National Institute for Space Research) Systems ISP1 Internet SLE Protocol One CLTU Communications Link Transmission Unit LEO Low Earth Orbit CM Complex Management LEOP Launch and Early Orbit Phase DCP Data Collection Platforms MMP Multi-Mission Platform DDR Digital Data Recorder MODIS Moderate Resolution Imaging DETER Real Time Deforestation Detection Spectroradiometer DSS Divisão de Desenvolvimento de Sistemas de NASA National Aeronautics and Space Administration Solo (Ground Systems Development Division) RAF Return All Frames

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RCF Return Channel Frames sector are: coffee, soybeans, sugarcane, corn, cotton and RF Radio Frequency citrus fruits, requiring a greater temporal resolution for RG Ranging Data remote sensing systems are more useful as operational RR Range Rate base for agricultural applications. RTU Remote Telemetry Unit In addition, it is expected that the data of the PRODES Measurement of Deforestation by Remote Amazonia-1 may be useful for other applications, such Sensing as monitoring of coastal zone, water reservoirs, forests SATCS SATellite Control System of other biomes and natural disasters. SCC Satellite Control Center The requirement of high rate of revisits and the need SCCS-SM Space Communication Cross Support - of controlling and data reception of other remote Service Management sensing satellites available in Brazil, for example, the SCD1 Satélite de Coleta de Dados 1 CBERS (26 days to revisit) impose new challenges for (Data Collecting Satellite 1) the ground segment, related to control system of orbit SICF Service Instance Configuration File and attitude and consequently in the reception, SL Space Link processing and distribution of data through the ground SL-DU Space Link Data Units segment using the Space Link Extension (SLE) Protocol SLE Space Link Extension Services. In this scenario, the CCSDS recommends SLE API SLE Application Program Interface normalizing cross support services [1-9] between the SLE FG SLE Functional Groups space agencies aiming at interoperability and SLE-PDU SLE-Protocol Data Units standardization of data transfer services that are based SLE-SDU SLE-Service Data Units on client-server architecture [10-12]. TC Telecommand This paper is organized as follows: section 2 TM Telemetry explains the Mission and Project Description, section 3 TT&C Telemetry, Tracking and Command presents the INPE`S Ground Station, section 4 provides UM Utilization Management the Space Link and Space Link Extension Concepts, WFI Wide Field Imager section 5 presents an proposed Architecture for Dynamic Management of the SLE Protocol Services to 1. Introduction The Amazonia-1 Satellite’s Ground Segment, and One of the main environmental problems in Brazil in section 6 the Conclusions. relation to biomes is the deforestation in the Amazon region. The government and other agencies have 2. Mission and Project Description undertaken many efforts to monitor this phenomenon. 2.1. Mission One of these initiatives is DETER (Real Time The Amazonia-1 objective is to provide remote Deforestation Detection). The DETER system is a sensing images to observe and monitor vegetation contribution of the INPE to the action plan of the especially deforestation in the Amazon region, with a Ministry of Science, Technology, Innovation and high revisit rate and considering the synergy with the Communications of Brazil to reduce deforestation rates existing programs. in the Amazon. The DETER uses data with spatial The Amazonia-1 aims to provide relevant data to resolution of 250 m, and can identify only areas of both scientific community and governmental agencies. deforestation over 25 hectares, from the MODIS The overall system development related to the (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer). mission shall be used to enhance the advancement and Other operational programme dedicated to qualification of Brazilian industry in space engineering monitoring deforestation in the Amazon region is the and technology, through its engagement in design, PRODES (Measurement of Deforestation by Remote development, and manufacturing of the Amazonia-1 Sensing). This system is based on Landsat type data and Space System. aims to measure the deforested area using satellite data. As it involves the measurement of area, uses data with 2.2. Project Description better spatial resolution (Landsat, CBERS). The Amazonia-1 space system is conceived to Both systems DETER and PRODES are affected by provide: the high frequency of clouds over the Amazon region. a) an Earth surface imaging with swath of 700 km So, to ensure that the monitoring and measurement of and a 5 (five) days revisit period. The images deforestation is feasible, it is necessary to have remote shall be provided in 4 (four) spectral bands in the sensing data in spatial and temporal resolutions visible (blue, green, red) and a near infra-red compatible with these phenomena. band. The spatial resolution at nadir will be The Brazil has an important role as a supplier of better than 70 m for the VIS/NIR (Visible/Near food in the world. Some of the main products in this Infra-red) bands;

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b) data for monitoring deforestation, agricultural stabilized satellite placed into a LEO, carrying planning and other applications such as instruments for Earth observation. monitoring of coastal zones, water reservoirs, b) The Ground Control Segment, which controls natural and cultivated forest, disasters, etc. the satellite, monitors and analyzes its on-orbit Besides, it will provide relevant information for operation. The Ground Segment comprises: the already established DETER system operation.  Satellite Tracking and Control Center;  Telemetry, Tracking, and Command (TT&C) In order to fulfill the requirements a) and b), a Stations. remote sensing satellite is placed in a sun-synchronous Low Earth Orbit (LEO) to meet the requirements in c) The Application Segment, comprising: terms of coverage, revisit, and resolution. The  Image Receiving Station; Amazonia-1 satellite design uses the Brazilian multi-  Mission Center (CMCD); which plans image purpose three-axis stabilized service platform Multi- payload satellite acquisitions and coordinates Mission Platform (MMP). Therefore, the validation of operations for acquisition of images; the entire cycle of a space program, taking into account  Remote Sensing Data Center (CDSR): which the system design, testing and operation, will be collects, processes and stores the images achieved, with a significant technological contribution received, making them available to the users. to the Brazilian Space Program. The payload module is designed considering modularity, independent design d) The Launch Segment, responsible for and construction, and allowing separated integration and placing the Amazonia 1 satellite in orbit. test of payload instruments, before the payload-to-MMP integration and final compatibility tests. The system elements and their inter-relationship are The existing Brazilian ground infrastructure for depicted in Figure 1. The Amazonia1-1 receives and Telemetry, Tracking, and Command (TT&C) functions decodes telecommands from the Satellite Tracking and and for image processing and archiving will be used at Control Center, in São José dos Campos, SP, through maximum extent. the TT&C Station located in Cuiabá, MT. For Launch The Amazonia-1 System is composed by the and Early Orbit Operations (LEOP) and in-orbit following segments: emergencies, a secondary ground station will be a) The Space Segment, comprising the Amazonia- required. 1 spacecraft, which is designed to be a three-axis

Figure 1. Amazonia-1 System Elements.

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Image data received from the Amazonia-1 by the X- generic platform (Service Module) for satellites in the Band Image Receiving Station, in Cuiabá, MT, will be 500 kg. With 250 kg mass, it provides all the features forwarded to the Remote Sensing Data Center (CDSR), needed to support the operation in orbit, of different located in Cachoeira Paulista, SP. In the CDSR the payloads of up to 280 kg image data will be recorded, processed, archived, and Its proposal and design were carried out on the distributed to the users. initiative of the Brazilian Space Agency (AEB), which Finally, the Mission Center receives requests from also led to the contracting of the development of the users and schedules, along with the Control Center, system with national companies, and INPE acted as image acquisition and recording. technical agent with these companies.

2.4.1. MMP Subsystems 2.3. Spacecraft The MMP consists of its subsystems, each one of The Amazonia-1 satellite, figure 2, consists of two them in charge of performing a specific function to independent modules: a service Module, which is a ensure the operability of the satellite in orbit. The main Multi-mission Platform (MMP), and a Payload module, subsystems are: which houses image cameras and recording equipment  Mechanical structure and Service Module; and transmission of image data  Attitude and Orbit Control System (AOCS);  On Board Data Handling (OBDH);  Propulsion;  Telemetry and Remote Control (TT&C);  Thermal Control;  Supply of energy.

2.5. Payload The Payload module houses the imaging camera and recording equipment and data transmission. The optical imager of Amazonia-1 is a camera model WFI used in the CBERS program, therefore, an equipment with inheritance in flight. The images captured by the imager as well as the ancillary data of the subsystem are processed in a processing unit and sent to the Digital Data Recorder subsystem (DDR) to be written or to be transmitted to the ground via transmission subsystem camera data. The interface of telemetry and remote control of Camera WFI is performed via a Remote Telemetry Unit (RTU), which requires the power supply voltages governed through a DC/DC Converter. These two, RTU and DC/DC Converter, specific to WFI Camera operation. The figure 3 illustrates the Amazonia-1 satellite with his two-coupled modules: Multi-mission Platform Figure 2. Amazonia-1 Satellite (Service Module) and the Payload module (upper satellite). Closing panels are separated to illustrate the 2.4. Multi-mission Platform -MMP internal layout of the equipment and subsystems. The The MMP represents a modern concept of satellite solar panel is shown in your collected position (setting architecture, which aims to bring together in a single the launch phase). platform all equipment performing functions necessary to the survival of a satellite, regardless of the type of orbit: power generation, thermal control, data management, and telecommunication service. It is a

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Figure 3. Amazonia-1 satellite with his two-coupled modules

3. INPE`S Ground Station receives payload telemetry from Data Collection The Telemetry, Tracking and Command (TT&C) Platforms (DCP). Ground Stations [13] (GS) of INPE were built in 1988 The SCC is responsible for plan and executes all to support the Data Collecting Satellite-1 (SCD1), activities related to the satellites control and is also the which was launched 1993. They operate in S-band and administrative headquarters. The SCC is located in the are located Brazilian cities of Cuiabá (Mato Grosso city of São José dos Campos (São Paulo state), Brazil. state) and Alcântara (Maranhão state). TT&C GSs are in The main functions of a SCC are: orbit and attitude charge of establishing communication between the control, maneuvers calculation, operational payload ground control system and the satellites monitored configuration, real-time monitoring of the satellite during the visibility periods [14]. health, rapid reaction in case of anomalies of the Figure 4 shows the INPE’s ground system including satellite. SCC and the main systems of the GS: RF Front End, Over the structure of the SCC is embedded a Receiver, Antenna Control Unit (ACU) and Time & software system, SATellite Control System (SATCS); Frequency. The functions of TM, TC, Ranging Data developed by the Ground Systems Development (RG), Range Rate (RR) and the SLE Provider are based Division (DSS) of coordination of Space Engineering on the Integrated Baseband System (IBS). These and Technology at INPE. The SATCS is designed to be functions are performed following the Flight Operation easily configurable and customized to meet different Plans (FOP) [15]. The TT&C GS receives, demodulates kind of satellites [17,18]. and records spacecraft data telemetry, transmits telecommand to satellite and performs measurements of distance (RG) and speed of satellites [16] (RR), and

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Ground Station Time & Frequency Station GPS Antena Subsystems Control Computer

IRIG-B PPS 5 MHz Anothers Users Integrated SSPA UP CONVERTER Baseband Solid State IF OUT TC 70 MHz Power System: Amplifier WAN IF 70 MHz Data RHC Telemetry IF 70 MHz Data LHC Telecommand Ranging RF Front End DOWN CONVERTER Range Rate IF Gateway SLE Ethernet SLE Provider Satellite Switch Software Control Center

IF 70 MHz TRK RHC ACU Dual TRK Vídeo & AGC Antenna Mission Receiver Control IF 70 MHz TRK LHC Control TCP/IP Unit System

Figure 4. INPE's Ground System.

4. Space Link and Space Link Extension Concepts 4.3. Space Communication Cross Support - Service Management 4.1. Space Link Space Communication Cross Support - Service Space Link is the communication link between the Management (SCCS-SM) [2,7] is the generalization of spacecraft and ground systems, or between two SLE. The SCCS-SM includes the data transfer services spacecrafts, as described in Ref. [19-21]. The Space and management services, and provides a framework for Link Extension protocol services extending the Space the user and the provider to: Link service in distance, in time and by adding  Set the values of the parameters of space link and information, of the systems onboard the spacecraft to transfer services. ground systems, for Local Area Networks and Wide  Set up ground stations for the establishment of Area Networks enabling processing, control and storage space link. of data in one or more intermediate points.  Organize, in time, the transfer services.

4.2. Space Link Extension protocol services Two entities are defined in the SCCS-SM: The definition of Space Link Extension protocol  The Utilization Management [8] (UM), on the services [1] is a result of the effort undertaken by the server side, coordinates requests from users to CCSDS for the normalization of the cross support for the space link. transferring telecommand and telemetry. There are two  The Complex Management [6,9] (CM), on the categories of services: (i) data transfer services, provider side, performs, for example, the category responsible for space link data transfer negotiate the types, number of instances and between the ground stations, control center, and the end duration of services. user; and category (ii) management services that controls the planning and provision of data transfer 4.4. Internet SLE Protocol One services. CCSDS recommends the Protocol referred to as The SLE data transfer services are based on Internet SLE Protocol One [22-27] (ISP1) for transfer of client/server architecture [10]. The client is usually the SLE Protocol Data Units (SLE-PDU) using the located at SCC side and called SLE User. The server, on Internet Protocols. The ISP1 is represented by a layered the other hand, generally located in the GS, is called architecture model. SLE Provider.

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5. Architecture for Dynamic Management of the 5.2. The Architecture SLE Protocol Services to the Amazonia-1 The Architecture is distributed between the SCC Satellite’s Ground Segment (user) and the network of ground stations involved The proposed architecture allows a solution to new (providers). In the Satellite Control Center the challenges for the ground segment, related to control architecture is composed of a Gateway SLE User, system of orbit and attitude and consequently in the Satellite Control System and the Dynamic Management. reception, processing and distribution of data through In the Ground Station the architecture consists of a SLE the ground segment using the Space Link Extension Provider for each station belonging to the network. (SLE) Protocol Services. The SLE Provider contains minimally three The dynamic management allows agility to access to Functional Groups defined in CCSDS the spacecraft increasing the ability of tracking and recommendations: (i) Return Space Link Processing, (ii) controlling and enables a continuous tracking (in Return Frame Processing and (iii) TC Space Link operational routine, contingency or emergency phases) Processing. according the number of providers involved and the The Gateway SLE User corresponds to the interface negotiation of services between agencies that adopt the between the Dynamic Management and SLE providers, cross support recommendation. their functions are: (i) enable communication between This proposed architecture follows the layered Dynamic Management and SLE providers and (ii) the structure recommended by CCSDS – ISP1, and were execution of the services of management (UM). included Provider Application Control layers in the With respect to the Satellite Control System, the Provider Side and User Application Manager and minimum set of functions is: (i) request the sending of Control layer the User Side. telecommand for dynamic management functional On the Provider Side, SLE Provider layer is module and (ii) receive the telemetry from the responsible for the transfer services RAF, RCF, and functional module of dynamic management. CLTU and sends/receives data to/from the Provider Application Control layer and this, in turn, performs the Figure 5 illustrates the environment for satellite functions (management services) for the Management operation with dynamic management of the SLE Complex. protocol services as proposed in Ref. [28, 29]. This On the User Side, SLE User layer is responsible for architecture allows: requesting a transfer service, and the User Application  The dynamism for redundancy between ground Manager and Control layer is responsible for the stations. dynamic management of SLE protocol services and  The transparency in switching stations. management services (Utilization Management) and  The reduction of possible failures in the finally the Satellite Controller layer controls the user connection between the provider and the user of interface for TM and TC request. the services.  The management services related to negotiation, 5.1. High level requirements configuration and scheduling. In order to built the proposed architecture we established a set of high level requirements to be 5.3. Implementation of the Architecture accomplished, which are: The architecture was developed in Java, by building  REQ.01: it shall allow the consistency of the a set of prototypes of the architecture's elements and point-to-point connection from the user to the simplified simulators. This implementation includes SLE provider in the ground station; the CLTU, RAF and RCF transfer services and  REQ.02: it shall allow the configuration from the management services. SLE user to the SLE provider in the ground station.  REQ.03: it shall allow redundancy Return SLE services.  REQ.04: it shall allow interoperability for cross support.  REQ.05: it shall allow backward compatibility.  REQ.06: it shall allow automatic switching between ground stations (SLE providers) and the SCC (SLE user).

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TC SLE Gateway Control Provider SLE TM System User External - Ground Station External User - Satellite Control Center Management Services

CM LAN UM UM SLE WAN Dynamic Provider Management TC Gateway CBA - Ground Station of the SLE SLE TM SATCS Protocol User Services CM SLE Protocol (CLTU, RAF & RCF) SLE Provider Parameters ALC - Ground Station SICF Log POV SICF Parameters (CLTU, RAF,RCF) Ground Stations Ground Network INPE - Satellite Control Center System Figure 5. Environment for satellite operation with the dynamic management of the SLE protocol services.

5.4. Architecture Evaluation o The SLE Provider (CBA ground Station) For the architecture evaluation we created must receive and process the request and operational scenarios to cover different aspects of these actions are monitored by the prototype sending telecommand, telemetry reception and for dynamic management of SLE protocol automatic switching between two stations during an services. orbit. Orbit data are obtained from the Operational Flight Plan, specifically the identification of the orbit Figure 6 illustrates the evaluation scenario regarding and the start and end of the passage. the FOP and region of the visibility associated the each The architecture evaluation is based on the Data ground station, provided by the Satellite Control Center Collecting Satellite-1 (SCD1), which was launched of INPE and adapted from the Satellite Toll Kit (STK10 1993 and in operation. The Orbit data and the free version). Operational Flight were provided by Satellite Control Center of INPE. We present one operational scenario for the evaluation of architecture:  Operating scenario 1: Request reception of the Telemetry via CBA ground station. In this scenario the Control System Simulator must allow: o The selection of an orbit, obtained from the flight operational plan. o The request the telemetry reception. o The gateway SLE User should send the request (RAF) to provider.

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Figure 6. Regions of visibility of CBA and ALC Ground Stations.

5.4.1. Result of Operation scenario  The additional time on the duration of the Figure 7 shows the SICF, the type of service passage of time calculation total tracking, selected, in this case RAF; indicates evolution of tracking of the CBA ground station (primary tracking for CBA and ALC ground station, start time for station), sum up over time about the ALC each station; and events area shows the event log that ground station (secondary station). occurred between the SLE User and SLE Provider.  The continuous tracking with automatic In summary the scenario 1 shows how relevant switching between these two stations, via the aspects under normal tracking: dynamic management of SLE protocol services.  The reception of data TM via ALC ground station.

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Figure 7. SLE User CCS: RAF Service.

6. Conclusions negotiation of services between agencies that adopt the This paper presented the Amazonia-1, the first cross support recommendation. Remote Sensing Satellite entirely developed at Brazil by The main technological gains arising from National Institute for Space Research (INPE). It is a Amazonia-1 Mission are: the validation of the Multi- polar orbit satellite that will generate images with a 5 mission Platform, generating system reliability and days revisit period using a wide sight optical imager. significant reductions of deadlines and costs for the This satellite is based on the Multi-Mission Platform development of future missions based on the platform and a new architecture for the ground segment is Multi-mission; the consolidation of knowledge of Brazil proposed. in the complete development cycle of 3-axis stabilized The proposed architecture allows a solution to new satellites, gaining maturity in satellite integration and challenges for the ground segment, related to control testing; the country's capacity to carry out initial system of orbit and attitude and consequently in the operations post launch and the consolidation of reception, processing and distribution of data through knowledge in satellite launch campaign of greater the ground segment using the Space Link Extension complexity. (SLE) Protocol Services. The solution was based on the CCSDS recommendations to cross support for data Acknowledgements transfer. We thank the Brazilian National Institute for Space The dynamic management allows agility to access to Research (INPE, acronym in Portuguese) by their the spacecraft increasing the ability of tracking and support. We also thank the Dr. Adenilson Roberto da controlling and enables a continuous tracking (in Silva and Dr. Marco Antonio Chamon for the detailed operational routine, contingency or emergency phases) information about Amazonia-1 mission. according the number of providers involved and the

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References Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, 2011. URL: [1] CCSDS Cross Support Concept - Part 1: Space Link http://repositorio.ufsc.br/handle/123456789/95380 Extension Services. Informational Report. CCSDS (accessed February 2015). 910.3-G-3. Green Book. Issue 3. Washington, D.C., [13] Julio Filho A. C., Ambrosio, A. M., Ferreira, M. G. March 2006. V., “Towards a Dynamic Management of the [2] CCSDS Cross Support Reference Model - Part 1: Space Link Extension Protocol Services”, Space Link Extension Services. Recommended International Astronautical Congress, 66ª IAC. Standard. CCSDS 910.4-B-2. Blue Book. Issue 2. Jerusalem, Israel, 2015. Washington, D.C., October 2005. [14] Orlando, V.; Kuga, H. K. Rastreio e controle de [3] CCSDS Space Link Extension - Forward CLTU satélites do INPE. Winter, O. C.; Prado, A. F. B. Service Specification. Recommended Standard. A. (Eds.). A conquista do espaço: do Sputnik à CCSDS 912.1-B-3. Blue Book. Issue 3. Washington, Missão Centenário. São Paulo: Editora Livraria da D.C., July 2010. Física, 2007. [4] CCSDS SpaceLink Extension - Return All Frames [15] Cardoso, L. S. “Applyng the Planning Agent Service Specification. Recommended Standard. Tecnology in Satellites Operations” 167 p. (INPE- CCSDS 911.1-B-3. Blue Book. Issue 3. Washington, 14092-TDI/1075). Dissertation (Master's degree in D.C., January 2010. Computação Aplicada) - Instituto Nacional de [5] CCSDS Space Link Extension - Return Channel Pesquisas Espaciais, José dos Campos, São Paulo, Frames Service Specification. Recommended Brazil, 2016. URL: Standard. CCSDS 911.2-B-2. Blue Book. Issue 3. http://urlib.net/6qtX3pFwXQZGivnJSY/L3yLK Washington, D.C., January 2010. (accessed October 2014). [6] Barkley, E., Pechkam, P., Pietras, J. and Quintela, P. [16] Julio Filho, A.C., Tikami, A., Ambrosio, A.M., "CCSDS SLE Service Management: Real-World "Validation of the Satellite Speed Measurement Use Cases" International Conference on Space System with the Use of Finite State Machine for Operations (SpaceOps), Rome, Italy. 2006. Test Case Generation," Latin-American URL:http://hdl.handle.net/2014/39898 (accessed Symposium on Dependable Computing (LADC), May 2013). Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. 2013 [7] Pietras, J. V., Barkley, E.J., Crowson, A. "CCSDS URL:http://www.lbd.dcc.ufmg.br/colecoes/ladc/20 Space Communication Cross Support Service 13/0030.pdf. ISBN: 978-85-7669-274-4 (accessed Management", International Conference on Space May 2013). Operations (SpaceOps), Huntsville, Alabama, USA. [17] Cardoso, P. E., B arreto, J. P., Dobrowolski, K. M., 2010. "A Ground Control System for CBERS 3 and 4 URL:http://arc.aiaa.org/doi/pdf/10.2514/6.2010- Satellites," International Conference on Space 2283 (accessed April 2013). Operations (SpaceOps), Rome, Italy. 2006. CD- [8] CCSDS Space Communication Cross Support - ROM. (INPE-14071-PRE/9240). Service Management - Service Specification. [18] Mattiello-Francisco, M. F. "Sistemas Recommended Standard. CCSDS 910.11-B-1. Blue computacionais em aplicações espaciais. São José Book. Issue 1. Washington, D.C., August 2009. dos Campos," INPE, 2003. 17 p. (INPE-9604- [9] CCSDS Space Communication Cross Support - PUD/125). URL: Service Management - Operations Concept. http://urlib.net/sid.inpe.br/jeferson/2003/10.13.15. Informational Report. CCSDS 910.14-G-1. Blue 25 (accessed June 2013). Book. Issue 1. Washington, D.C., May 2011. [19] CCSDS Overview of Space Communications [10] Kachri, Z., Furtuna, C., Kruse, W.,"CCSDS SLE Protocols. Informational Report. CCSDS 130.0-G- Services: Experience at the German Space 3. Green Book. Issue 3. Washington, D.C., July Operations Center," International Conference on 2014. Space Operations (SpaceOps), Heidelberg, [20] CCSDS TM Space Data Link Protocol. Germany. 2008. URL: Recommended Standard. CCSDS 132.0-B-1. Blue http://arc.aiaa.org/doi/pdf/10.2514/6.2008-3348 Book. Issue 1. Washington, D.C., September (accessed May 2012). 2003. [11] Sommerville, I. Software engineering, 9nd ed. [21] CCSDS TC Space Data Link Protocol. Boston, MA: Addison-Wesley, 2011. 773 p. ISBN Recommended Standard. CCSDS 232.0-B-2. Blue 978-0-13-703515-1. Book. Issue 2. Washington, D.C., September 2010. [12] Alchieri, E. A. P., "Protocolos tolerantes a faltas [22] CCSDS Space Link Extension - Internet Protocol bizantinas para sistemas distribuídos dinâmicos,". for Transfer Services. Recommended Standard. Ph.D. Dissertation (Engenharia de Automação e CCSDS 913.1-B-1. Blue Book. Issue 1. Sistemas) - Universidade Federal de Santa Washington, D.C., September 2008.

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[23] CCSDS Space Link Extension - Application Ana Maria Ambrosio: Bachelor's at Computer Science Program Interface for Transfer Services - from Universidade Federal de São Carlos (1984), Summary of Concept and Rationale. Informational master's (1988) and doctorate (2005) at Computer Report. CCSDS 914.1-G-1. Green Book. Issue 1. Science from Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais Washington, D.C., January 2006. (INPE). She works at INPE since 1985. She has been [24] CCSDS Space Link Extension - Application involved in the following space missions: Missão Program Interface for Transfer Services - Espacial Completa Brasileira (MECB), French- Application Programmer's Guide. Informational Brazilian Microsatellite (FBM) and China-Brazil Earth Report. CCSDS 914.2-G-2 Green Book. Issue 2. Resources Satellites (CBERS). Since 2008 acts as Washington, D.C., October 2008. teacher in the Space Engineering and Technology pos- [25] CCSDS Space Link Extension - Application graduation Program at INPE, from 2012 to 2014 acted Program Interface for the Forward CLTU service. as Head of Space Systems Management and Technology Recommended Practice. CCSDS 916.1-M-1. area of the post-graduation of the Space Technology and Magenta Book. Issue 1, October 2008. Engineering Course. Her areas of research are: satellite [26] CCSDS Space Link Extension - Application verification and validation techniques and methods, Program Interface for Return All Frames Service. model-based approaches for space applications, Recommended Practice. CCSDS 915.1-M-1. automatic test generation from state models and satellite Magenta Book. Issue 1. Washington, D.C., simulation. October 2008. [27] European Space Agency (ESA. "ESA SLE API Maurício Gonçalves Vieira Ferreira: is a researcher at package – reference manual". SL ANS RF 0001, the satellite control centre of INPE. Graduated in Data Issue 4.8. 2009. processing Technology - Faculdade de Administração e [28] Julio Filho, A. C., “An Architecture for Dynamic Informática (1987), degree in business administration Management of the Space Link Extension Protocol from the Faculdade Maria Augusta (1993), master in Services”. 213 p. Dissertation (Master's degree in Applied Computing for the National Institute for Space Space Systems Engineering and Management) - Research (1996) and PhD in Applied Computing for the Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais, São José National Institute for Space Research (2001). Professor dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil, 2015. in the postgraduate course of INPE in Space URL:http://urlib.net/8JMKD3MGP3W34P/3HP2P Engineering and Technology (ETE): the area of 7P (accessed August 2015). concentration and Space Systems Management [29] Julio Filho A. C., Ambrosio, A. M., Ferreira, M. G. Engineering. Member of the International Committee V., “SLE Protocol Services: Results of an for Standardization of software in space area (CCSDS). Architecture applied at the National Institute for Member of the Organizing Committee of the Space Research”, International Astronautical International Conference on space area-SPACEOPS. Congress, 67ª IAC. Guadalajara, Mexico, 2016. Produced more than 136 articles, mentored 10 doctors and 20 masters. Currently guides 5 PhD students and 4 Biography master students. Antonio Cassiano Julio Filho is graduated at Analysis and Development of Systems from Faetec, Brazil and Geilson Loureiro is Header of LIT (Integration and Master's (2015) at Space Engineering and Technology Testing Laboratory) of INPE, since February 2013 and from Brazilian National Institute for Space Research the Founder and first president of INCOSE Brasil since (INPE). Has 32 years of the work at INPE in the Space March 2012. Professor of Systems Engineering at ITA Engineering and Technology in the area Ground (Aeronautical Technological Institute) and INPE Systems Development Division in the design, (Brazilian Institute for Space Research) at graduate and development and integration of the ground segment for undergraduate levels, since 2006. Post doctorate the tracking and control of satellite and the internship at Wurzburg University, Germany (2011) and dissemination of environmental data. Also is INPE at MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology), USA Observer Member to the Cross Support Transfer (2004 - 2005) taking parts in university satellite projects Services Working Group of the CCSDS and Member of and . the Commission of Study CE:08.010.70/ABNT, to the review and the development of Space Data and Information Transfer Standards, derived from CCSDS Recommendations.

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