How to Prepare an Income Statement in Accounting
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Financial and Economic Terms Dean Mccorkle and Danny Klinefelter*
EAG- 035 February 2017 Risk Management Series Financial and Economic Terms Dean McCorkle and Danny Klinefelter* General Accounting and Financing flow budget can be compared to the state- ment Terms of cash flows periodically to determine if, when, and where the actual cash flows vary significantly Generally accepted accounting principles from the budgeted amounts. (GAAP) — Concepts, philosophies and Cash flow statement — a financial statement procedures that guide accounting practices that shows the dollars flowing in and out of the and standards for different industries, but business. The cash flow statement is usually not a precise set of accounting rules. Several divided into operating, investing and financing authoritative organizations and boards of the activities. Cash flows are usually presented by the accounting profession are sources of GAAP, week, month, quarter or year for each income and the most authoritative being the Financial expense category. This statement is particularly Accounting Standards Board (FASB). valuable for analyzing the management of cash in Pro forma statements — a financial statement the business. or presentation of data that represents financial Liquidity — the ability of the business to performance based on projections of events and generate sufficient cash to meet total cash conditions. Examples are a pro forma balance demands without disturbing the on-going sheet and a pro forma income statement. operation of the business. Cash and Cash Flow Terms Net cash flow from operations — the amount Cash — cash and funds in checking accounts, of cash available after cash operating expenses are savings accounts and certificates of deposit. It subtracted from cash operating income. is generated by business sales and other receipts Repayment capacity — measures the ability to minus cash operating expenses, debt payments, repay debt from both farm and non-farm income. -
Section 471.--General Rule for Inventories
1 Part I Section 471.--General Rule for Inventories 26 CFR 1.471-3: Inventories at Cost. (Also '' 61; 111; 472; 1.472-2.) Rev. Rul. 2001-8 ISSUE What is the proper method of accounting for payments made or received with respect to “floor stocks”? BACKGROUND A floor stocks provision, which applies to a designated type of goods held in inventory (floor stocks) on a particular date (the “floor stocks date”), is sometimes enacted in conjunction with a tax, change in tax rate, or subsidy that is imposed upon similar goods purchased or produced on or after that date. The purpose of a floor stocks provision is to ensure that all goods sold on or after the floor stocks date are subjected to the same total amount of tax or subsidy, regardless of whether the items sold were goods held as floor stocks on the floor stocks date or goods purchased or produced after that date. This equal treatment is achieved by imposing with respect to goods held on the floor stocks date an amount, to be either paid or received, that will serve to eliminate any differential in total tax or subsidy that would otherwise exist relative to goods subsequently purchased or produced. The Internal Revenue Service, in two previous revenue rulings, has addressed the proper tax treatment of payments received with respect to floor stocks. Rev. Rul. 2 88-95, 1988-2 C.B. 28, and Rev. Rul. 85-30, 1985-1 C.B. 20, generally provide that payments received with respect to floor stocks should be treated as either an item of gross income or a reduction in inventory, depending on whether the cost of the goods to which the payments relate remains in ending inventory under the taxpayer’s cost flow assumption. -
Gross Income Eligibility Chart
BUS PASS INFORMATION GROSS INCOME ELIGIBILITY CHART House- Gross Income Gross Income Gross Income Bus Pass hold size* Per Week Per Month Per Year Price $322 or less $1,396 or less $16,744 or less No Charge 1 $323 through $459 $1,397 through $1,986 $16,745 through $23,828 Reduced Price $460 or more $1,987 or more $23,829 or more Full Price $436 or less $1,888 or less $22,646 or less No Charge 2 $437 through $620 $1,889 through $2,686 $22,647 through $32,227 Reduced Price $621 or more $2,687 or more $32,228 or more Full Price $549 or less $2,379 or less $28,548 or less No Charge 3 $550 through $782 $2,380 through $3,386 $28,549 through $40,626 Reduced Price $783 or more $3,387 or more $40,627 or more Full Price $663 or less $2,871 or less $34,450 or less No Charge 4 $664 through $943 $2,872 through $4,086 $34,451 through $49,025 Reduced Price $944 or more $4,087 or more $49,026 or more Full Price $776 or less $3,363 or less $40,352 or less No Charge 5 $777 through $1,105 $3,364 through $4,786 $40,353 through $57,424 Reduced Price $1,106 or more $4,787 or more $57,425 or more Full Price $890 or less $3,855 or less $46,254 or less No Charge 6 $891 through $1,266 $3,856 through $5,486 $46,255 through $65,823 Reduced Price $1,267 or more $5,487 or more $65,824 or more Full Price $1,003 or less $4,347 or less $52,156 or less No Charge 7 $1,004 through $1,428 $4,348 through $6,186 $52,157 through $74,222 Reduced Price $1,429 or more $6,187 or more $74,223 or more Full Price $1,117 or less $4,839 or less $58,058 or less No Charge 8 $1,118 through $1,589 $4,840 through $6,886 $58,059 through $82,621 Reduced Price $1,590 or more $6,887 or more $82,622 or more Full Price * Household Size refers to the number of people living in the same house, condominium, apartment, etc. -
Methods of Accounting: Their Role in the Federal Income Tax Law
Washington University Law Review Volume 1960 Issue 1 January 1960 Methods of Accounting: Their Role in the Federal Income Tax Law J. Glenn Hahn Hoskins, King, Springer & McGannon Follow this and additional works at: https://openscholarship.wustl.edu/law_lawreview Part of the Accounting Law Commons Recommended Citation J. Glenn Hahn, Methods of Accounting: Their Role in the Federal Income Tax Law, 1960 WASH. U. L. Q. 1 (1960). Available at: https://openscholarship.wustl.edu/law_lawreview/vol1960/iss1/6 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Law School at Washington University Open Scholarship. It has been accepted for inclusion in Washington University Law Review by an authorized administrator of Washington University Open Scholarship. For more information, please contact [email protected]. WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY LAW QUARTERLY Volume 1960 February, 1960 Number 1 METHODS OF ACCOUNTING: THEIR ROLE IN THE FEDERAL INCOME TAX LAW* J. GLENN HAHNt Accounting enters financial transactions in the accounts of the business entity. From these accounts emerge the periodic state- ments which convey the results of the transactions to management, stockholders, and creditors. Nominally, at least, the income tax law also looks to the accounts of the taxpayer-entity for the basic determination of taxable income. From these same accounts must come the information which forms the essence of the annual income tax assessments. A servant to two masters, accounting has not always performed its Janus-like duties to the satisfaction -
State Individual Income Tax Federal Starting Points
STATE PERSONAL INCOME TAXES: FEDERAL STARTING POINTS (as of January 1, 2021) Federal Tax Base Used as Relation to Federal Starting Point to Calculate STATE Internal Revenue Code State Taxable Income ALABAMA --- --- ALASKA no state income tax --- ARIZONA 1/1/20 adjusted gross income ARKANSAS --- --- CALIFORNIA 1/1/15 adjusted gross income COLORADO Current taxable income CONNECTICUT Current adjusted gross income DELAWARE Current adjusted gross income FLORIDA no state income tax --- GEORGIA 3/27/20 adjusted gross income HAWAII 3/27/20 adjusted gross income IDAHO 1/1/20 taxable income ILLINOIS Current adjusted gross income INDIANA 1/1/20 adjusted gross income IOWA Current adjusted gross income KANSAS Current adjusted gross income KENTUCKY 12/31/18 adjusted gross income LOUISIANA Current adjusted gross income MAINE 12/31/19 adjusted gross income MARYLAND Current adjusted gross income MASSACHUSETTS 1/1/05 adjusted gross income MICHIGAN Current (a) adjusted gross income MINNESOTA 12/31/18 adjusted gross income MISSISSIPPI --- --- MISSOURI Current adjusted gross income MONTANA Current adjusted gross income NEBRASKA Current adjusted gross income NEVADA no state income tax --- NEW HAMPSHIRE on interest & dividends only --- NEW JERSEY --- --- NEW MEXICO Current adjusted gross income NEW YORK Current adjusted gross income NORTH CAROLINA 5/1/20 adjusted gross income NORTH DAKOTA Current taxable income OHIO 3/27/20 adjusted gross income OKLAHOMA Current adjusted gross income OREGON 12/31/18 taxable income PENNSYLVANIA --- --- RHODE ISLAND Current adjusted gross income SOUTH CAROLINA 12/31/19 taxable income SOUTH DAKOTA no state income tax --- TENNESSEE on interest & dividends only --- TEXAS no state income tax --- UTAH Current adjusted gross income VERMONT 12/31/19 adjusted gross income VIRGINIA 12/31/19 adjusted gross income WASHINGTON no state income tax --- WEST VIRGINIA 12/31/19 adjusted gross income WISCONSIN 12/31/17 adjusted gross income WYOMING no state income tax --- DIST. -
Gross Income Defined
Part I Section 61.—Gross Income Defined 26 CFR § 1.61-2: Compensation for services, including fees, commissions, and similar items (Also: ) Rev. Rul. 2007-19 PURPOSE The Internal Revenue Service (Service) is aware that some taxpayers are attempting to reduce or eliminate their federal income tax liability by claiming that compensation received in exchange for personal services is not taxable income. These taxpayers often attempt to avoid their federal income tax liability by failing to file federal income tax returns or by failing to report all income from wages or other compensation on their federal income tax return. They often furnish Forms W-4, Employee Withholding Allowance Certificates, on which they claim excessive withholding allowances or claim complete exemption from withholding. In addition, they often claim deductions from gross income for personal, living and family expenditures in order to reduce the tax liability related to wages or other compensation. 2 The Service is aware that some promoters and return preparers are advising or recommending that taxpayers take these or other meritless positions. This revenue ruling emphasizes to taxpayers, promoters and return preparers that wages and other compensation received in exchange for personal services are taxable income subject to federal income tax. Any argument that such compensation is not taxable income has no merit and is frivolous. The Service is committed to identifying taxpayers who attempt to avoid their federal tax obligations by taking frivolous positions. The Service will take vigorous enforcement action against these taxpayers and against promoters and return preparers who assist taxpayers in taking these frivolous positions. -
Part 3 Cash Flow Statement
Part 3 Cash Flow Statement Slide # 1 Cash Flow Statement The Cash Flow Statement is the second statement you will complete, since it draws information from the Income Statement and provides information for the Balance Sheet. The ChCash Flow Sta temen t summarizes the cash actlltually entitering and lileaving the company over a period of time. Slide # 2 Cash Flow Statement How is Cash different from Net Income? All companies have at least one non‐cash expense, which is depreciation. For companies that allow accounts receivable, revenues may be recorded without a cash inflow. Likewise with accounts payable, expenses can be deducted from Net Income without a cash outflow. Additionally, Net Income reflects activity for a period of time but does not indicate how much cash was available at the start of the period. Therefore, Net Income is not the same as Cash. Example: Cash Adjustment for Depreciation If you’re working on a cash‐basis, how much of a difference could there really be between Net Income and cash? Consider this example. A newspaper company spends $250,000 in cash on a new printing press. Using a 10‐year depreciation schedule, the only expense subtracted from Net Income for the year is $25,000 in depreciation. However, cash reserves have been reduced by the full $250,000 cost. If you looked only at Net Income, you might think the company’ s cash balance is $225,000 higher than it really is. Slide # 3 Cash Flow Statement Why do you care about the cash balance? Companies only continue operating only while there is cash to pay suppliers and employees. -
Section 5 Explanation of Terms
Section 5 Explanation of Terms he Explanation of Terms section is designed to clarify Additional Standard Deduction the statistical content of this report and should not be (line 39a, and included in line 40, Form 1040) T construed as an interpretation of the Internal Revenue See “Standard Deduction.” Code, related regulations, procedures, or policies. Explanation of Terms relates to column or row titles used Additional Taxes in one or more tables in this report. It provides the background (line 44b, Form 1040) or limitations necessary to interpret the related statistical Taxes calculated on Form 4972, Tax on Lump-Sum tables. For each title, the line number of the tax form on which Distributions, were reported here. it is reported appears after the title. Definitions marked with the symbol ∆ have been revised for 2015 to reflect changes in Adjusted Gross Income Less Deficit the law. (line 37, Form 1040) Adjusted gross income (AGI) is defined as total income Additional Child Tax Credit (line 22, Form 1040) minus statutory adjustments (line 36, (line 67, Form 1040) Form 1040). Total income included: See “Child Tax Credit.” • Compensation for services, including wages, salaries, fees, commissions, tips, taxable fringe benefits, and Additional Medicare Tax similar items; (line 62a, Form 1040) Starting in 2013, a 0.9 percent Additional Medicare Tax • Taxable interest received; was applied to Medicare wages, railroad retirement com- • Ordinary dividends and capital gain distributions; pensation, and self-employment income that were more than $200,000 for single, head of household, or qualifying • Taxable refunds of State and local income taxes; widow(er) ($250,000 for married filing jointly, or $125,000 • Alimony and separate maintenance payments; for married filing separately). -
Budget Sheet.Docx
Off Campus Budget Considerations 1. Monthly Income (Anticipated or Current) Net Take Home Salary: $____________ Non-Taxable Income (such as AFDC, Veteran’s benefi ts, Social Security, etc.): $____________ Other Income: $____________ Total Monthly Net Income: $____________ 2. Monthly Expenses Mortgage/Rent: $____________ Home Insurance: $____________ Gas/Electric: $____________ Telephone: $____________ Other Utilities (Water/Garbage): $____________ Car Payment: $____________ Car Gas/Maintenance/Parking: $____________ Car Insurance: $____________ Groceries: $____________ Clothing: $____________ Total Monthly Expenses: $____________ 3. Balance Total Monthly Net Income minus Total Monthly Expenses: $____________ Entertainment/Dining Out: $____________ Childcare (Dependent Care): $____________ Health/Life Insurance: $____________ Doctor/Dentist Visits: $____________ Prescriptions: $____________ Credit Card Payments: $____________ Other Expenses (Laundry, Gifts, etc.): $____________ Savings/Investments: $____________ Charitable Giving: $____________ Student Loan Payments: $____________ Budgeting Information What is Budgeting? The three main steps in creating a budget are: 1. Calculate your total expected income. 2. Calculate your total expected expenses. 3. Determine the balance. You will want to create your budget for a fixed period of time and plan to regularly review it. The following information will help you complete your worksheet. 1. Calculate Your Monthly Income Use your pay stubs to calculate your monthly “Net Take Home Salary”. Add any other income to your salary to determine your total net monthly income. Other income sources might be a second job, help from parents or family, interest income, or non-taxable income. 2. Calculate Your Monthly Expenses You need to collect basic information, such as copies of your bills or your checkbook. If you will be moving, you will need to research the new area to estimate your total monthly expenses. -
Financial Ratios Ebook
The Corporate Finance Institute The Analyst Trifecta Financial Ratios eBook For more eBooks please visit: corporatefinanceinstitute.com/resources/ebooks corporatefinanceinstitute.com [email protected] 1 Corporate Finance Institute Financial Ratios Table of Contents Financial Ratio Analysis Overview ............................................................................................... 3 What is Ratio Analysis? .......................................................................................................................................................................................................3 Why use Ratio Analysis? .....................................................................................................................................................................................................3 Types of Ratios? ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................3 Profitability Ratio .......................................................................................................................... 4 Return on Equity .................................................................................................................................................................................................................5 Return on Assets .................................................................................................................................................................................................................6 -
QUESTIONS 3.1 Profitability Ratios Questions 1 and 2 Are Based on The
140 SU 3: Profitability Analysis and Analytical Issues QUESTIONS 3.1 Profitability Ratios Questions 1 and 2 are based on the following information. The financial statements for Dividendosaurus, Inc., for the current year are as follows: Balance Sheet Statement of Income and Retained Earnings Cash $100 Sales $ 3,000 Accounts receivable 200 Cost of goods sold (1,600) Inventory 50 Gross profit $ 1,400 Net fixed assets 600 Operations expenses (970) Total $950 Operating income $ 430 Interest expense (30) Accounts payable $140 Income before tax $ 400 Long-term debt 300 Income tax (200) Capital stock 260 Net income $ 200 Retained earnings 250 Plus Jan. 1 retained earnings 150 Total $950 Minus dividends (100) Dec. 31 retained earnings $ 250 1. Dividendosaurus has return on assets of Answer (A) is correct. (CIA, adapted) REQUIRED: The return on assets. DISCUSSION: The return on assets is the ratio of net A. 21.1% income to total assets. It equals 21.1% ($200 NI ÷ $950 total B. 39.2% assets). Answer (B) is incorrect. The ratio of net income to common C. 42.1% equity is 39.2%. Answer (C) is incorrect. The ratio of income D. 45.3% before tax to total assets is 42.1%. Answer (D) is incorrect. The ratio of income before interest and tax to total assets is 45.3%. 2. Dividendosaurus has a profit margin of Answer (A) is correct. (CIA, adapted) REQUIRED: The profit margin. DISCUSSION: The profit margin is the ratio of net income to A. 6.67% sales. It equals 6.67% ($200 NI ÷ $3,000 sales). -
Cash Flow Statement.Xlsx
Family Living Budget Planned Estimate Gross Income: Owner Withdrawal (Farm) Salary & Wages (Non-farm) Other A. Gross Income Income Taxes: Federal, state, & local income taxes Gross Income x 20% FICA (7.65%) Gross Income x 7.65% B. Total Income & Payroll Taxes C. Take-home Pay Line A - B Planned Savings & Investments: Goal: > Gross Income x 5-10% Emergency Fund (3-6 months) Retirement See Next Page for Education Rough Estimates D. Total Savings & Investments Expenses: Rent or Mortgage Payment (PITI) Goal: < Gross Income x 30% Consumer Debt Payments Goal: < Gross Income x 10% Car Payments Outstanding Credit Card Balances Student Loans Other Consumer Debt Payments Utilities: Goal: < Gross Income x 5% Phone, Internet Electric, Gas, Water Other Groceries + Food Away From Home Average: $250-$300/adult Gas, Oil, Repairs Average: Gross Income x 3% Insurance Premiums: Life $50/month Auto Health $400/person/month Disability Renter's Insurance $10/month Other Personal Items Average: Gross Income x 3% Medical Expenses Average: Gross Income x 5-10% Taxes: Personal Property (autos, boats)) Other Child Care Average: $1,500/child/month Entertainment Average: Gross Income x 3% Miscellaneous Goal: < $100/month E. Subtotal of Expenses F. Unplanned Expenses (Fudge Factor) Fudge Factor % 10% G. Total Cash Expenses Line E + Line F Monthly Surplus Line C - Line D - Line G Savings Goals Emergency Fund 1 Your Goal (Monthly Expenses x 3-6 months) For "Monthly Expenses" use Line G from above 2 Current Amount in Emergency Savings 3 Amount Needed Line 1 - Line 2