A Semantic Registry Using a Feature Type Catalogue Instead of Ontologies to Support Spatial Data Infrastructures
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UNIVERSITY of CALGARY Concept-Learning Supported
UNIVERSITY OF CALGARY Concept-Learning Supported Semantic Search using Multi-Agent System by Cheng Zhong A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND COMPUTER ENGINEERING CALGARY, ALBERTA April, 2009 © Cheng Zhong 2009 ISBN: 978-0-494-51171-8 UNIVERSITY OF CALGARY FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES The undersigned certify that they have read, and recommend to the Faculty of Graduate Studies for acceptance, a thesis entitled "Concept-Learning Supported Semantic Search using Multi-Agent System" submitted by Cheng Zhong in partial fulfilment of the requirements of the degree of Master of Science. Supervisor, Dr. B. H. Far Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Dr. M. Moussavi Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Dr. D. Krishnamurthy Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Dr. Y. Hu Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Dr. M. Ghaderi Department of Computer Science Date ii Abstract Currently, the mainstream of semantic search is based on both centralized networking that could be barrier to access trillions of dynamically generated bytes on individual websites, and group commitment to a common ontology that is often too strong or unrealistic. In real world, it is preferred to enable stakeholders of knowledge to exchange information freely while they keep their own individual ontology. While this assumption makes stakeholders represent their knowledge more independently and gives them more flexibility, it brings complexity to the communication among them. To solve this communication complexity, in this thesis, we present (1) a method for semantic search supported by ontological concept learning, and (2) a prototype multi-agent system that can handle semantic search and encapsulate the complexity of such process from the users. -
Deep Semantics in the Geosciences: Semantic Building Blocks for a Complete Geoscience Infrastructure
Deep Semantics in the Geosciences: semantic building blocks for a complete geoscience infrastructure Brandon Whitehead,1,2 Mark Gahegan1 1Centre for eResearch 2 Institute of Earth Science and Engineering The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand {b.whitehead, m.gahegan}@auckland.ac.nz Abstract. In the geosciences, the semantic models, or ontologies, available are typically narrowly focused structures fit for single purpose use. In this paper we discuss why this might be, with the conclusion that it is not sufficient to use semantics simply to provide categorical labels for instances—because of the interpretive and uncertain nature of geoscience, researchers need to understand how a conclusion has been reached in order to have any confidence in adopting it. Thus ontologies must address the epistemological questions of how (and possibly why) something is ‘known’. We provide a longer justification for this argument, make a case for capturing and representing these deep semantics, provide examples in specific geoscience domains and briefly touch on a visualisation program called Alfred that we have developed to allow researchers to explore the different facets of ontology that can support them applying value judgements to the interpretation of geological entities. Keywords: geoscience, deep semantics, ontology-based information retrieval 1 Introduction From deep drilling programs and large-scale seismic surveys to satellite imagery and field excursions, geoscience observations have traditionally been expensive to capture. As such, many disciplines related to the geosciences have relied heavily on inferential methods, probability, and—most importantly—individual experience to help construct a continuous (or, more complete) description of what lies between two data values [1]. -
Introduction to Ontologies Part I
EMMC The European Materials Modelling Council Introduction to Ontologies Part I Alexandra Simperler On-line 29.4.2019 https://emmc.info/ EMMC The EMMO round table Emanuele Ghedini (University of Bologna) Gerhard Goldbeck Adham Hashibon (Goldbeck Consulting) (Fraunhofer Institut) Georg J. Schmitz Jesper Friis (Access) (SINTEF) EMMC Outline • Taxonomy vs Ontology • The value of ontologies • Semantic Technologies • Representation of Ontologies What’s the difference between an EMMC ontology and a taxonomy? TAXONOMY ONTOLOGY • Like a tree with branches • Like a spiderweb • Parent – Child relation, • Manifold of relations, is_a adds non is_a relations • Generally limited to a • Not limited to a specific specific subject area subject area • Hierarchy of (simple) • Complex relations with concepts complex concepts EMMC The Value of Semantic Technologies • Natural perspective of human communication • Greater expressivity than a database • Improved logical structure • Knowledge layer is separated from data layer • Flexibility, reusability, interoperability • Hierarchies, relationships and annotation • Search patterns can be stored, share, reused • Reasoning – answers to what-if, if-then questions • Accessible to Artificial Intelligence EMMC The Value of Ontology in the Materials Field Artificial Intelligence Materials Ontology will contribute to: Semantic Web Systems Engineering • High throughput experiments Biomedical Informatics • High throughput characterization Library Science • Cost reduction Enterprise Bookmarking Information Architecture • Reliable results • Standard operation procedures (SOPs) • Design of materials with improved characteristics All these fields create Ontologies to limit • Classification of techniques and complexity and acceleration of results organize information. The Ontology can then • Uniform query interface be applied to problem solving. EMMC Examples/Use of Ontologies • Database integration – Connected data! Discover new trends – Takahashi, et al (2018). -
Ech-0205 V1.0 Linked Open Data
E-Government Standards Page 1 of 49 eCH-0205 Linked Open Data Name Linked Open Data eCH-number eCH-0205 Category Accessory Document Quality stage Defined Version 1.0 Status Approved Decision on 2018-03-06 Date of issue 2018-03-13 Replaces version - Requirements - Annexes - Languages English (original) Authors Members of the eCH Specialized Group “Open Government Data” Main Author: Beat Estermann, Berner Fachhochschule [email protected] For a list of further contributors, see Annex B. Editor / Distribution eCH registered association, Mainaustrasse 30, Postfach [P.O. Box], 8034 Zürich T 044 388 74 64, F 044 388 71 80 www.ech.ch / [email protected] eCH registered association www.ech.ch / [email protected] eCH-0205 Linked Open Data / 1.0 / Approved / 2018-03-13 E-Government Standards Page 2 of 49 Summary This document provides the Swiss Linked Data community with a shared vision of the state of linked open data publication in the public and heritage sectors in Switzerland and gives people who are new to the community a first overview of previous and ongoing activities in the area of data publication, data use, and know-how exchange. The document contains a short introduction to linked (open) data, gives a detailed account of what linked data publica- tion is about, provides an overview of the present state of linked data publication by Swiss public and heritage sector organizations, and presents a series of exemplary use cases that serve as test and study cases to tackle current challenges and demonstrate the usefulness of linked (open) data in practice. -
Spatial Data Infrastructures, a New Paradigm Within the Domain of Geospatial Information
CONEIXEMENT I SOCIETAT 05 NOTES SPATIAL DATA INFRASTRUCTURES, A NEW PARADIGM WITHIN THE DOMAIN OF GEOSPATIAL INFORMATION. THE EXAMPLE OF THE CATALAN SPATIAL DATA INFRA- STRUCTURE PROJECT (IDEC) Jordi Guimet* This report presents the Catalan Spatial Data Infrastructure project (IDEC, Infraestructura de Dades Espacials de Catalunya). IDEC is driven by the Catalan government and is an applicable example of inter-operativity between systems in distributed geographic information, which enables data from different sources and environments to be combined and for several web services to be made available concurrently for processing purposes. These technologies are applied in spatial data infrastructures that have created a new paradigm within the context of geospatial information. The IDEC project is being used to prepare the way for further developments within this new dimension of interconnected information. Table of contents 1. The IDEC project. 2. The characteristics of geospatial information. 3. Spatial data infrastructures (SDI): the distribution of geospatial information. 4. Web servers, the base elements of SDI: WRS, WMS, WFS, WCS, WMC, WSE, LBS, etc. 5. The next stage: a semantic web within the domain of spatial information. 6. The IDEC project as an example of SDI application and research in Catalonia. * Jordi Guimet has a PhD in industrial engineering and is the director of the IDEC project (Secretaria de Telecomunicacions i Societat de la Informació, and the Institut Cartogràfic de Catalunya). e-mail address: [email protected] 122 SPATIAL DATA INFRASTRUCTURES, A NEW PARADIGM WITHIN THE DOMAIN OF GEOSPATIAL INFORMATION. THE EXAMPLE OF THE CATALAN SPATIAL DATA INTRASTRUCTURE PROJECT (IDEC) 1. The IDEC project stimulate the sector and disseminate the use of geographic information. -
On the Move to Semantic Web Services”, 6Th International Enformatika Conference
Cardoso, J., “On the move to Semantic Web Services”, 6th International Enformatika Conference. Transactions on Enformatika, Systems Sciences and Engineering, Vol. 8, pp. 13-24, Budapest, Hungary, October 26-28, 2005. ISBN: 975-98458-7-3 On the move to semantic Web services Jorge Cardoso resources. A graphic presentation of the syntactic Web is Abstract—Semantic Web services will enable the semi- given to the left of Figure 1. Resources are linked together automatic and automatic annotation, advertisement, discovery, forming the Web. There is no distinction between resources or selection, composition, and execution of inter-organization business the links that connect resources. To give meaning to resources logic, making the Internet become a common global platform where and links, new standards and languages are being investigated organizations and individuals communicate with each other to carry out various commercial activities and to provide value-added and developed. The rules and descriptive information made services. There is a growing consensus that Web services alone will available by these languages allow the type of resources on not be sufficient to develop valuable solutions due the degree of the Web and the relationships between resources to be heterogeneity, autonomy, and distribution of the Web. This paper characterized individually and precisely, as illustrated to the deals with two of the hottest R&D and technology areas currently right of Figure 1. associated with the Web — Web services and the Semantic Web. It presents the synergies that can be created between Web Services and Semantic Web technologies to provide a new generation of e- services. Keywords—Semantic Web, Web service, Web process, WWW. -
Padrões Ogc Para Modelagem E Implementação De Banco De Dados Geográficos
UNIVERSIDADE TECNOLÓGICA FEDERAL DO PARANÁ CURSO SUPERIOR DE TECNOLOGIA EM ANÁLISE E DESENVOLVIMENTO DE SISTEMAS MARCELO FRANZON PADRÕES OGC PARA MODELAGEM E IMPLEMENTAÇÃO DE BANCO DE DADOS GEOGRÁFICOS TRABALHO DE CONCLUSÃO DE CURSO MEDIANEIRA – PR 2013 MARCELO FRANZON PADRÕES OGC PARA MODELAGEM E IMPLEMENTAÇÃO DE BANCO DE DADOS GEOGRÁFICOS Trabalho Diplomação do Curso de Graduação, apresentado à disciplina do Curso Superior de Tecnologia em Análise e Desenvolvimento de Sistemas – CSTADS – da Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná – UTFPR, como registro parcial para obtenção do titulo de tecnólogo. Orientador: Prof. Dr. Claudio Leones Bazzi MEDIANEIRA – PR 2013 Ministério da Educação Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná Gerência de Ensino Coordenação do Curso Superior de Tecnologia em Análise e Desenvolvimento de Sistemas Campus Medianeira TERMO DE APROVAÇÃO PADRÕES OGC PARA MODELAGEM E IMPLEMENTAÇÃO DE BANCO DE DADOS GEOGRÁFICOS Por Marcelo Franzon Este Trabalho de Diplomação (TD) foi apresentado às 16h40min do dia 25 de Março de 2013 como requisito parcial para a obtenção do titulo de tecnólogo no Curso Superior Tecnologia em Analise e Desenvolvimento de Sistemas, da Universidade Tecnológica federal do Paraná, Campus Medianeira. O candidato foi arguido pela Banca Examinadora composta pelos professores abaixo relacionados. Após deliberação, a Banca examinadora considerou o trabalho aprovado. _______________________________ _______________________________ Prof. Dr. Claudio Leones Bazzi Prof. Msc. Fernando Schutz UTFPR – Campus Medianeira UTFPR – Campus Medianeira (Orientador) (Convidado) _______________________________ _______________________________ Prof. Dr. Neylor Michel Prof. Msc. Juliano Rodrigo Lamb UTFPR – Campus Medianeira UTFPR – Campus Medianeira (Convidado) (Responsável pelas atividades de TCC) Eu dedico este Trabalho de Conclusão de curso a minha mãe Marlene de Jesus Alves da Costa por não medir esforços em toda a minha vida desde meu nascimento ate hoje para me tornar essa pessoa que sou. -
Using the Sensor Web to Detect and Monitor the Spread of Wild Fires
USING THE SENSOR WEB TO DETECT AND MONITOR THE SPREAD OF WILD FIRES Deshendran Moodleya, Andrew Terhorstb, Ingo Simonisc, Graeme McFerrenb and Frans van den Berghb aSchool of Computer Science The University of Kwazulu Natal Durban, South Africa [email protected] bICT for Earth Observation Research Group Meraka Institute Pretoria, South Africa [aterhorst|gmcferren|fvdbergh]@meraka.org.za cInstitute for Geoinformatics University of Muenster Muenster, Germany [email protected] KEY WORDS: wild fire, disaster, monitoring, decision support, interoperability, architecture ABSTRACT: Key concepts in disaster response are level of preparedness, response times, sustaining the response and coordinating the response. Effective disaster response requires a well-developed command and control framework that promotes the flow of information. The Sensor Web is an emerging technology concept that can enhance the tempo of disaster response. We describe how a satellite-based system for regional wild fire detection is being evolved into a fully-fledged Sensor Web application. 1 INTRODUCTION Advances in sensor technology and distributed computing, cou- pled with the development of open standards that facilitate sen- Most disasters are of short duration and require a fixed amount of sor/sensor network interoperability, are contributing to the emer- consequence management. Examples include earthquakes, tsunamis gence of a phenomenon known as the ’Sensor Web’(Liang and and storm events. Other disasters are more complex and unfold Tao, 2005). This phenomenon can be described as an advanced in a non-linear fashion over an extended period. Such disasters Spatial Data Infrastructure (SDI) in which different sensors and require ongoing and adaptive consequence management. Exam- sensor networks are combined to create a sensor-rich feedback ples include the outbreak contagious diseases (e.g. -
A Thesaurus-Guided Method for Smart Manufacturing Diagnostics Farhad Ameri May 2019, NIST
A Thesaurus-guided Method for Smart Manufacturing Diagnostics Farhad Ameri May 2019, NIST July 9, 2019 1 Landgrebe, J., & Smith, B. (2019). Making AI meaningful again. arXiv preprint arXiv:1901.02918. #MakingAIMeaningfulAgain July 9, 2019 2 General Limitations of Machine Learning • Need for huge amount of data for training • Need for stable environment • Unstable against variations in input • Lack of transparency (blackbox operation mode) • Output of all stochastic models is approximative “It is naïve to believe stochastic models alone can mimic human’s decisions without benefiting form prior knowledge” “AI applications today can simulate only a small fragment of the semantics underlying human language use”. July 9, 2019 3 Proposed Solution • Incorporating Prior Knowledge into AI Algorithms • Combining formal logic (semantic representation) and stochastic models in AI applications. July 9, 2019 4 Minimal Requirements for AI language processing systems • Exactness • Information security • Robustness • Data parsimony • Semantic fidelity • Inference • Prior knowledge usage July 9, 2019 5 Semantic Spectrum of Knowledge Organization Systems Ontology Conceptual Model OWL, Common Logic Taxonomy RDFS, UML Expressivity Thesaurus RDFS Semantic interoperability Informal Syntactic/Structural Hierarchy SKOS interoperability List XML Glossary, Dictionary, Controlled Vocabulary Development Cost July 9, 2019 6 Thesaurus vs. Ontology Ontology Thesaurus Logic-based semantics Relational semantics Structural semantics Lexical semantics Text → Logic-based -
LB2CO: a SEMANTIC ONTOLOGY FRAMEWORK for B2C ECOMMERCE TRANSACTION on the INTERNET Akanbi Adeyinka K
International Journal of Research in Computer Science eISSN 2249-8265 Volume 4 Issue 1 (2014) pp. 1-9 www.ijorcs.org, A Unit of White Globe Publications doi: 10.7815/ijorcs.41.2014.075 LB2CO: A SEMANTIC ONTOLOGY FRAMEWORK FOR B2C ECOMMERCE TRANSACTION ON THE INTERNET Akanbi Adeyinka K. Institute of Science & Technology, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Hyderabad 500085, A.P, India. Email: [email protected] Abstract: Business ontology can enhance the However, the current way of information organization successful development of complex enterprise system; and expression is defective, in that it was designed for this is being achieved through knowledge sharing and user decision making needs, rather than to provide the ease of communication between every entity in the semantic information that computer can process domain. Through human semantic interaction with the automatically, thereby limiting the computer’s web resources, machines to interpret the data capacity of automatic analysis and further intelligent published in a machine interpretable form under web. process in information retrieval, that enhances However, the theoretical practice of business ontology information and data sharing across various platforms. in eCommerce domain is quite a few especially in the section of electronic transaction, and the various However, two extremely important factors that can techniques used to obtain efficient communication contribute to this effective non-human communication across spheres are error prone and are not always are: (1) a common language in which the resources guaranteed to be efficient in obtaining desired result implied in the communication can be specified, and (2) due to poor semantic integration between entities. -
The Next Wave of Interoperability Via Web Services
The Next Wave of Interoperability Via Web Services Rarely has a better match been made than be- This is where Web services and standards is a productization of a suite of OGC-compliant tween the collective capabilities of GIS and the organizations such as OGC and International server connectors for ArcIMS, client plug-ins distributive capabilities of the Web. The power Organization for Standardization (ISO) enter for desktop products in ArcGIS, and toolkit of the Web to reach anywhere in the world for the equation. Web services utilize an evolving additions for custom thin client development content rests on standard protocols such as set of XML message standards to make spe- using JavaServer Pages (JSP). TCP/IP and HTTP, which enable diverse com- cific geospatial software functionality, such as puter technologies to form a single community. finding the location of an address, able to be WMS and WFS Connectors for ArcIMS A worldwide geographic community is also be- discovered and requested meaningfully over The ArcGIS Interoperability Toolkit contains ing built on evolving standards for the specific the Web without regard to the specific under- two newly updated connectors for ArcIMS. exchange of GIS content and services. lying technology supplying that functionality. The OGC WMS connector enables ArcIMS ESRIʼs long-standing commitment to stan- The consumer of such a Web service may only to provide Web map services that fully imple- dards and interoperability in the geospatial be able to guess from the speed of response ment the current OpenGIS Web Map Service realm has taken a significant step forward whether the result was supplied by an ArcGIS Specification. -
Approaches to Developing Semantic Web Services
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTER SCIENCE VOLUME 1 NUMBER 1 2006 ISSN 1306-4428 Approaches to Developing Semantic Web Services Jorge Cardoso global infrastructure for sharing both documents and data, Abstract—It has been recognized that due to the autonomy and which make searching for and reusing information easier and heterogeneity, of Web services and the Web itself, new approaches more reliable as well. RDF is a standard for creating should be developed to describe and advertise Web services. The descriptions of information, especially information available most notable approaches rely on the description of Web services on the World Wide Web. What XML is for syntax, RDF is for using semantics. This new breed of Web services, termed semantic Web services, will enable the automatic annotation, advertisement, semantics. The latter provides a clear set of rules for providing discovery, selection, composition, and execution of inter- simple descriptive information. OWL provides a language for organization business logic, making the Internet become a common defining structured Web-based ontologies which allows a global platform where organizations and individuals communicate richer integration and interoperability of data among with each other to carry out various commercial activities and to communities and domains. provide value-added services. This paper deals with two of the Along with the development of the semantic Web, the hottest R&D and technology areas currently associated with the Web — Web services and the semantic Web. It describes how semantic Internet has created new organizational and working models Web services extend Web services as the semantic Web improves the which are based on electronic transactions.