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Asian Studies ASIAN STUDIES SPECIAL ISSUE: THE MANIFOLD IMAGES OF ASIAN HISTORY Volume IX (XXV), Issue 1 Ljubljana 2021 Azijske_studije_2021_1_FINAL.indd 1 5. 01. 2021 14:02:10 ASIAN STUDIES, Volume IX (XXV), Issue 1, Ljubljana 2021 Editor-in-Chief: Jana S. Rošker Special Issue Editor: Jana S. Rošker Editor-in-Charge: Nataša Visočnik Technical Editor: Nina Kozinc Proof Reader: Paul Steed Editorial Board: Bart Dessein, Luka Culiberg, Jana S. Rošker, Tea Sernelj, Nataša Vampelj Suhadolnik, Nataša Visočnik, Jan Vrhovski, Weon-Ki Yoo, Selusi Ambrogio All articles are double blind peer-reviewed. The journal is accessable online in the Open Journal System data base: http://revije.ff.uni-lj.si/as. Published by: Znanstvena založba Filozofske fakultete Univerze v Ljubljani/Ljubljana University Press, Faculty of Arts, University of Ljubljana For: Oddelek za azijske študije/Department of Asian Studies For the publisher: Roman Kuhar, Dean of Faculty of Arts Ljubljana, 2021, First edition Number printed: 50 copies Graphic Design: Aleš Cimprič Printed by: Birografika Bori, d. o. o. Price: 10,00 EUR ISSN 2232-5131 This publication is indexed in the Scopus and Cobiss database. This journal is published two times per year. Yearly subscription: 17 EUR (Account No.: 50100-603-40227) Ref. No.: 001-033 ref. »Za revijo« Address: Filozofska fakulteta, Oddelek za azijske študije, Aškerčeva 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenija tel.: +386 (0)1 24 11 450, +386 (0)24 11 444 faks: +386 (0)1 42 59 337 This journal is published with the support of the Slovenian Research Agency (ARRS). This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. / To delo je ponujeno pod licenco Creative Commons Priznanje avtorstva-Deljenje pod enakimi pogoji 4.0 Mednarodna licenca CIP - Kataložni zapis o publikaciji Narodna in univerzitetna knjižnica, Ljubljana 930.85(5)(082) The MANIFOLD images of Asian history / [editor-in-chief Jana S. Rošker]. - 1st ed. - Ljubljana : Znanstve- na založba Filozofske fakultete = University Press, Faculty of Arts, 2021. - (Asian studies, ISSN 2232-5131 ; vol. 9 (25), issue 1) ISBN 978-961-06-0412-9 1. Rošker, Jana S. COBISS.SI-ID 43400707 Azijske_studije_2021_1_FINAL.indd 2 5. 01. 2021 14:02:10 Contents 3 Contents SPECIAL ISSUE: THE MANIFOLD IMAGES OF ASIAN HISTORY Editor’s Foreword Introduction. 7 Jana S. ROŠKER Historical Aspects of Gender Studies Confucian Humanism and the Importance of Female Education: The Controversial Role of Ban Zhao . 13 Jana S. ROŠKER The Paradigm of Hakka Women in History . 31 Sabrina ARDIZZONI The Challenges to the Political Participation of Women in Afghanistan: Historical and Cultural Perspectives . 65 Mundayat MEERA, Khatera YEKTA Cultural Heritages and Exchanges Rereading the History of Dargazin City in Nasuh Matrakçi Miniature Images . 95 Habib Sharafi SAFA, Alireza ALI SOUFI The Category of Asian Studies in Chile: About the Object and Its Rules . 125 Gonzalo MAIRE Developments of Classical Chinese Concepts The Problem of the Authenticity of the Aesthetic Concept qiyun shengdong: Xu Fuguan’s Analysis and Interpretation . 159 Téa SERNELJ The Relativity of Ren (Humaneness): Re-examining 2A6 and 6A6 of the Mengzi from the Perspective of Self-Introspection in Experience . 181 Xiangnong HU An Exceptional Portrait of Yang Zhu and Mozi: Beyond the Mencian Track . 203 Yao-Cheng CHANG Azijske_studije_2021_1_FINAL.indd 3 5. 01. 2021 14:02:10 Modern Chinese Intellectual History Shadowlands of Objectivism and Comprehensiveness: An Introduction to Key Concepts in Zhang Shenfu’s Philosophical Thought (1919–1948) . 227 Jan VRHOVSKI From Marx and Engels to Sino-Marxism Focusing on Communist and Confucian (rujia) Notions of Loyalty and Self-Criticism . 263 Gregor PAUL OTHER TOPICS Social Capital, Innovation, and Local Resilience: Tokyo Neighbourhood in Times of Crisis . 283 Heide IMAI, Yao JI ASIAN STUDIES IN SLOVENIA Družbena mobilizacija na lokalni ravni in preobrazba mest v Južni Koreji: Razvoj skupnostnega gibanja na območju Geumho-Haengdang-Hawangsimni v Seulu . 317 Blaž KRIŽNIK DISCUSSION Ritual Process and Symbolic Transformation in Cultural Landscapes of Proto-Urban Bactria: Introduction and Reflections on the New Book by Nona Avanesova . 347 Vladimir IONESOV Azijske_studije_2021_1_FINAL.indd 4 5. 01. 2021 14:02:10 SPECIAL ISSUE: THE MANIFOLD IMAGES OF ASIAN HISTORY Editor’s Foreword Azijske_studije_2021_1_FINAL.indd 5 5. 01. 2021 14:02:10 Azijske_studije_2021_1_FINAL.indd 6 5. 01. 2021 14:02:10 DOI: 10.4312/as.2021.9.1.7-9 7 Introduction Jana S. ROŠKER History is the awareness and knowledge of the past. It is the narrative of past eras that influence our present. It is based on a form of collective memory, it is the story of who we are, where we come from and may reveal parts of our future. It is of utmost importance for our self-image and also for understanding the world we live in. There is a history of every region, every topic, every discipline and every area—from music to technology, from literature to governmental sys- tems or economics. History gives us a clear picture of how different facets of society functioned in the past, so that we can understand how it came to the way it functions today. Although the results of historical investigations are not always directly visible and obvious, it is essential for us as human beings to understand them if we want to preserve, but also change and develop, the societies in which we live and the humanity within us. This issue of the journal Asian Studies will examine the cultural, social and intel- lectual legacies of the various Asian regions. Its geographical scope extends from China to Iran and from Afghanistan to Fujian. It examines different aspects of history, from classical and modern intellectual history to art, political and gender history. It clearly shows that the history of this vast and diverse region is complex. This volume is divided into four different content categories that deal with dif- ferent aspects of the social and cultural realities of Asia. The first explores gender stories. It opens with Jana S. Rošker’s critical introduction to Chinese gender history, which focuses on the famous female Confucian scholar from the Han dynasty, Ban Zhao. In addition to questioning certain prejudices against classical Confucian views on the role and position of women, the author also points out some previously unknown aspects of Ban Zaho’s work that reveal the importance of her work for gender equality. The following article is entitled “The Paradigm of Hakka Women in History”, and was written by Sabrina Ardizzoni. It presents the narrative of women in the history of the Hakka, and shows by means of a detailed analysis how and under what circumstances it has developed until today. Through her analysis of important social phenomena such as education, migration and women’s narratives, the article focuses on the historical construction of female Hakka identity and the individual and group consciousness of Hakka women. Azijske_studije_2021_1_FINAL.indd 7 5. 01. 2021 14:02:10 8 Jana S. Rošker: Editor’s Foreword The final article in this thematic scope was jointly written by two authors, name- ly Mundayat Meera and Khatera Yekta. It examines from different cultural and historical perspectives the complex situation of Afghan women, the importance of their participation in politics and also the problems associated with this topic. The authors examine various interrelated problems they encounter in their work, ranging from educational barriers and economic dependence, to patriarchal social and cultural values. The second thematic scope deals with cultural heritage and cultural exchange. It consists of two contributions. In the first article the Iranian authors Habib Sharafi Safa and Alireza Ali Soufi analyse artistic artefacts that belong to the oldest pre- served images in Iranian history, namely the miniature paintings of Nasuh Ma- trakçi in the historical city of Dargazin. The authors show how and why the three surviving three images at two different locations can give us a new understanding of the social, political and cultural significance of this city in the Safavid peri- od. The second article in this section introduces the beginning and development of Asian studies in Chile. The author Gonzalo Maire presents this development through the lens of three descriptive, synchronous, aspects that are characterized by objectivity, comprehensibility and the centrality of certain discourses. The ar- ticle starts from the methodology of transcultural studies, surpassing thereby the traditional and orthodox orientalist perspectives. The third scope is characterized by philological studies. It contains three contri- butions, that—each in its own way—examine certain classical Chinese concepts. The first is Téa Sernelj’s work on the classical Chinese aesthetic concept of qiyun shengdong, which highlights its complexity and offers a critical presentation of the Modern Confucian scholar Xu Fuguan’s widely accepted interpretation. This first essay is followed by Hu Xiangnong’s article entitled “The Relativity of Ren (Humaneness): Re-examining 2A6 and 6A6 of Mengzi from the perspective of Self-Introspection in Experience”. The essay offers a fresh and innovative reinter- pretation of the above text by re-evaluating two different but so far most common interpretations of its ethical content. In the third and final essay in this section, which is entitled “An Exceptional Portrait of Yang Zhu and Mozi: Beyond the Mencian Track”, Yao-Cheng Chang proposes a new and challenging explanation of Yang Zhu and Mo Di, offering an interesting and well-founded critique of common interpretations of the value of their work. The paper argues that such simplified readings can lead to severe misunderstandings of classical texts and their axiological evaluation. The last section deals with modern and contemporary Chinese intellectual history and consists of two articles. The first is Jan Vrhovski’s essay entitled “Shadowlands Azijske_studije_2021_1_FINAL.indd 8 5. 01. 2021 14:02:11 Asian Studies IX (XXV), 1 (2021), pp.
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