Isocyanate Method
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Kinetics of the Reaction Between Alcohols and Isocyanates Catolyzed by Ferric Acetylacetonate
.. -. - Kinetics of the Reaction Between Alcohols and Isocyanates Catolyzed by Ferric Acetylacetonate Leroy Schieler OTS PRICE XEROX $- % i JET PROPULSION LABORATORY I CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY PASADENA,CALIFORNIA July 1, 1961 NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION CONTRACTNo. NASw-6 Technical Report No. 32-129 Kinetics of the Reaction Between Alcohols and Isocyanates Catalyzed by Ferric Acetylacetonate Leroy Schieler Robert F. Landel, Chief Solid Propellant Chemistry Section JET PROPULSION LABORATORY CALIFORNIA lNSTlTUTE OF TECHNOLOGY PASADENA, CALIFORNIA July 1, 1961 Copyright @ 1961 Jet Propulsion laboratory California Institute of Technology JPL TECHNICAL REPORT NO. 32-129 CONTENTS Page 1. Introduction................................................ 1 II. Kinetics of Ferric Acetylacetonate Catalyzed Urethane Formation ........................................ 3 A . Experimental Methods ..................................... 3 B. Kinetic Investigations ...................................... 3 111 . Dependence of Rate of Urethane Formation on Nature of Reactants ........................................ 11 A . Substituted Isocyanates..................................... 11 B. Substituted Alcohols ....................................... 12 C . Metal Chelate Catalysts ..................................... 12 IV. Conclusions ................................................ 13 References..................................................... 14 TABLES 1. Ferric Acetylacetonate Catalyzed Reaction of a-Naphthyl Isocyanate with -
Synthesis and Characterization of Toluene Diisocyanate
SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF TOLUENE DIISOCYANATE A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF NATURAL AND APPLIED SCIENCES OF MIDDLE EAST TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY BY AYŞEGÜL HİSAR TELLİ IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE IN CHEMISTRY NOVEMBER 2014 Approval of the thesis: SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF TOLUENE DIISOCYANATE submitted by AYŞEGÜL HİSAR TELLİ in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Chemistry Department, Middle East Technical University by, Prof. Dr. Gülbin Dural Ünver _____________________ Dean, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences Prof. Dr. İlker Özkan _____________________ Head of Department, Chemistry Prof. Dr. Özdemir Doğan _____________________ Supervisor, Chemistry Dept., METU Examining Committee Members: Prof. Dr. Cihangir Tanyeli _____________________ Chemistry Dept., METU Prof. Dr. Özdemir Doğan _____________________ Chemistry Dept., METU Prof. Dr. Metin Zora _____________________ Chemistry Dept., METU Prof. Dr. Adnan Bulut _____________________ Chemistry Dept., Kırıkkale University Dr. E. Görkem Günbaş _____________________ Chemistry Dept., METU Date: 28.11.2014 I hereby declare that all information in this document has been obtained and presented in accordance with academic rules and ethical conduct. I also declare that, as required by these rules and conduct, I have fully cited and referenced all material and results that are not original to this work. Name, Last name: Ayşegül Hisar Telli Signature: iv ABSTRACT SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF TOLUENE DIISOCYANATE Hisar Telli, Ayşegül M.S., Department of Chemistry Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Özdemir Doğan November 2014, 52 pages Toluene diisocyanate (TDI) is one of the important components of solid rocket propellants. It is used for the construction of polyurethane network by reacting with hydroxy terminated polybutadiene (HTPB) and functions as a curing agent. -
Characterization of Methylene Diphenyl Diisocyanate Protein Conjugates
Portland State University PDXScholar Dissertations and Theses Dissertations and Theses Spring 6-5-2014 Characterization of Methylene Diphenyl Diisocyanate Protein Conjugates Morgen Mhike Portland State University Follow this and additional works at: https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds Part of the Allergy and Immunology Commons, and the Chemistry Commons Let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation Mhike, Morgen, "Characterization of Methylene Diphenyl Diisocyanate Protein Conjugates" (2014). Dissertations and Theses. Paper 1844. https://doi.org/10.15760/etd.1843 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of PDXScholar. Please contact us if we can make this document more accessible: [email protected]. Characterization of Methylene Diphenyl Diisocyanate Protein Conjugates by Morgen Mhike A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Chemistry Dissertation Committee: Reuben H. Simoyi, Chair Paul D. Siegel Itai Chipinda Niles Lehman Shankar B. Rananavare Robert Strongin E. Kofi Agorsah Portland State University 2014 © 2014 Morgen Mhike ABSTRACT Diisocyanates (dNCO) such as methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI) are used primarily as cross-linking agents in the production of polyurethane products such as paints, elastomers, coatings and adhesives, and are the most frequently reported cause of chemically induced immunologic sensitization and occupational asthma (OA). Immune mediated hypersensitivity reactions to dNCOs include allergic rhinitis, asthma, hypersensitivity pneumonitis and allergic contact dermatitis. There is currently no simple diagnosis for the identification of dNCO asthma due to the variability of symptoms and uncertainty regarding the underlying mechanisms. -
Study of Environmental and Human Health Impacts of Firefighting Agents
Study of environmental and human health impacts of firefighting agents A technical report Anna Kärrman, Filip Bjurlid, Jessika Hagberg, Niklas Ricklund, Maria Larsson, Jordan Stubleski, Henner Hollert 2016-06-03 1 Report written by Anna Kärrman, Filip Bjurlid, Jessika Hagberg, Niklas Ricklund, Maria Larsson, Jordan Stubleski at MTM Research Centre, and Henner Hollert at Aachen University, Germany. Published and available in DiVA (www.diva-portal.org). MTM Research Centre School of Science and Technology Örebro University, Sweden [email protected] Front page pictures: Anna Kärrman 2 CONTENT Summary................................................................................................................................................................ 4 Sammanfattning .................................................................................................................................................... 6 Abbreviations of highly fluorinated substances .................................................................................................... 8 1. Background ................................................................................................................................................... 9 2. Analysis of firefighting agents on the Swedish market ............................................................................... 10 2.1 Selection of fire agents .............................................................................................................................. 10 2.2 Chemical -
Safe Work Procedures for Isocyanate-Containing Products
Safe Work Procedures for Isocyanate-Containing Products June 2000 IATSE Local 891 1640 Boundary Road Vancouver, BC 99-6798-01 Submitted By DILLON CONSULTING LIMITED 130-10691 Shellbridge Way Richmond, B.C. V6X 2W8 IATSE Local 891 Safe Work Procedures for Isocyanate-Containing Products EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Dillon Consulting Limited (Dillon) was retained by I.A.T.S.E. Local 891 to develop safe work procedures to direct film industry personnel in the safe performance of their duties when working with isocyanate-containing products. This document also contains a guideline for minimizing exposure to other individuals in the studio or set that are not working directly with the product. A brief summary of potential routes of exposure and health hazards are outlined as a guideline on how to control the potential for exposure to isocyanate-containing products by the use of engineering controls, administrative controls and personal protective equipment. However, the best method of minimizing exposure to isocyanate products is substituting with less hazardous products. Dillon Consulting Limited IATSE Local 891 Safe Work Procedures for Isocyanate-Containing Products TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.0 INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................................................1 2.0 ISOCYANATE-CONTAINING PRODUCTS ..........................................................................................1 3.0 POTENTIAL ROUTES OF EXPOSURE AND HEALTH EFFECTS ...................................................1 -
Catalyst for Low Temperature Cure of Blocked Isocyanates
Europaisches Patentamt (19) European Patent Office Office europeen des brevets (11) EP 0 810 245 A1 (12) EUROPEAN PATENT APPLICATION (43) Date of publication: (51) Intel6: C08G 18/24, C08G 18/80, 03.12.1997 Bulletin 1997/49 C08G 63/85, C08G 77/08 (21) Application number: 97108506.3 (22) Date of filing: 27.05.1997 (84) Designated Contracting States: (72) Inventors: AT BE CH DE DK ES Fl FR GB GR IE IT LI LU MC • Gitlitz, Melvin H. NL PT SE Berwyn, PA 1931 2 (US) • Seshadri, Sri R. (30) Priority: 28.05.1996 US 18438 P Newtown, PA 18940 (US) 03.04.1997 US 826603 (74) Representative: (71) Applicant: Kraus, Walter, Dr. et al ELF ATOCHEM NORTH AMERICA, INC. Patentanwalte Kraus, Weisert & Partner Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19103-3222 (US) Thomas-Wimmer-Ring 15 80539 Munchen (DE) (54) Catalyst for low temperature cure of blocked isocyanates (57) The present invention comprises a polystan- noxane catalyst, a curable composition containing the catalyst and a method of using the catalyst and curing the composition. The curable composition comprises: (i) a blocked isocyanate; (ii) a functional component containing reactive hydrogen; (iii) a polystannoxane catalyst for promoting the reaction of the blocked isocyanate with the func- tional component. A co-catalyst may also be employed based on Cu, Zn, Ni, Zr, Ce, Fe, Co, V, Sb and Bi and especially oxides, salts or chelates of said metals. The invention also relates to a method for curing a blocked isocyanate at a low reaction temperature which comprises combining the catalyst with the blocked isocyanate and functional component and heating to a temperature less than about 180°C to obtain a cured urethane. -
MINI-REVIEW Methyl Isocyanate and Carcinogenesis: Bridgeable Gaps in Scientific Knowledge
DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7314/APJCP.2012.13.6.2429 Methyl Isocyanate and Carcinogenesis: Bridgeable Gaps in Scientific Knowledge MINI-REVIEW Methyl Isocyanate and Carcinogenesis: Bridgeable Gaps in Scientific Knowledge Chinnu Sugavanam Senthilkumar1, 2*, Nand Kishore Sah3, Narayanan Ganesh1 Abstract Methyl isocyanate may have a role in cancer etiology, although the link is unclear. There is evidence in the literature that it can induce cancer in animals but the carcinogenic potency is weak. Pheochromocytoma of adrenal medulla and acinar cell tumors of pancreas have been observed in methyl isocyanate exposed animals. Conversely, emerging data from population-based epidemiological studies are contradictory since there is no evidence of such cancers in methyl isocyanate exposed humans. Recently, we reported a high prevalence of breast and lung cancers in such a population in Bhopal. In vitro findings appearing in the latest scientific literature suggest that genomic instability is caused by methyl isocyanate analogs in lung, colon, kidney, ovary epithelial cells, and that hepatocytes may undergo oncogenic transformation, have obvious implications. The conflicting information prompted us to present this update over the last three decades on methyl isocyanate-induced cancers after an extensive literature search using PubMed. While the pertinent literature remains limited, with a scarcity of strong laboratory analyses and field-epidemiological investigations, our succinct review of animal and human epidemiological data including in vitro evidences, should hopefully provide more insight to researchers, toxicologists, and public health professionals concerned with validation of the carcinogenicity of methyl isocyanate in humans. Keywords: Methyl isocyanate - carcinogenicity - need for validation - review Asian Pacific J Cancer Prev, 13, 2429-2435 Introduction recognized the toxicity of MIC in humans. -
Comparative Study of Aromatic and Cycloaliphatic Isocyanate Effects On
polymers Article Comparative Study of Aromatic and Cycloaliphatic Isocyanate Effects on Physico-Chemical Properties of Bio-Based Polyurethane Acrylate Coatings Nurul Huda Mudri 1,2,*, Luqman Chuah Abdullah 1,3,* , Min Min Aung 3,4 , Mek Zah Salleh 2, Dayang Radiah Awang Biak 1,5 and Marwah Rayung 3,6 1 Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; [email protected] 2 Radiation Processing Technology Division, Malaysian Nuclear Agency, Kajang 43000, Selangor, Malaysia; [email protected] 3 Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; [email protected] (M.M.A.); [email protected] (M.R.) 4 Centre of Foundation Studies for Agricultural Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia 5 Institute of Advanced Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43000, Selangor, Malaysia 6 Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia * Correspondence: [email protected] (N.H.M); [email protected] (L.C.A.); Tel.: +60-3-8946-6288 (L.C.A.) Received: 15 May 2020; Accepted: 4 June 2020; Published: 3 July 2020 Abstract: Crude jatropha oil (JO) was modified to form jatropha oil-based polyol (JOL) via two steps in a chemical reaction known as epoxidation and hydroxylation. JOL was then reacted with isocyanates to produce JO-based polyurethane resin. In this study, two types of isocyanates, 2,4-toluene diisocyanate (2,4-TDI) and isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) were introduced to produce JPUA-TDI and JPUA-IPDI respectively. -
Explosive Chemical Management Procedures
NMSU EXPLOSIVE CHEMICAL MANAGEMENT PROCEDURES These procedures are a guide to help prevent explosions and protect health and the environment. If you identify old explosives or old organic peroxide forming chemicals, immediately contact Environmental Health and Safety (EH&S) at 646-3327. 1. INTRODUCTION: All explosive chemicals should be identified and carefully managed. There are two main classes of explosive chemicals: 1.1. STANDARD EXPLOSIVE CHEMICALS: These consist of explosive compounds manufactured for detonation such as dynamite, gunpowder, blasting caps, and fireworks. These compounds are rare on the NMSU campus and relatively stable under normal conditions. If these compounds are not being used for a specific, authorized activity they should be immediately called in for pick up by EH&S at 646-3327. 1.2. POTENTIALLY EXPLOSIVE CHEMICALS (PECs): These consist of lab chemicals not intentionally made for detonation but which may explode and/or cause fires if not properly managed. A number of PECs are common on the NMSU campus and should be handled with extra precaution. The main focus of this SOP is to help identify PECs and describe the precautions that should be taken to manage them from purchase through disposal. 2. ORGANIC PEROXIDE FORMING CHEMICALS: This is the principle group of PECs that lead to problems in university labs. They are carbon-based chemicals capable of forming potentially explosive peroxide “O-O” bonds. Below is a breakdown of the four main subcategories of organic peroxide forming chemicals; common ones are specifically identified in the appendices. 2.1. Chemicals that form explosive levels of peroxides without a concentration step, e.g., evaporation, distillation, etc., are listed in Appendix 1. -
Technical Data Sheet
Technical Data Sheet PARALOID™ EDGE XL-195 Crosslinker Cycloaliphatic Dialdehyde Description PARALOID™ EDGE XL-195 Crosslinker is a mixture of 1,3 & 1,4- cyclohexanedicarboxaldehyde. It is specifically designed to crosslink with PARALOID EDGE Resins in coating formulations to produce isocyanate-free1, two component (2K) polyurethane systems. Features and • Ambient Cure Benefits • Fast dry time • Long pot-life • Excellent exterior durability • Isocyanate free1 • Excellent adhesion to metal substrates 1 Manufactured without isocyanate Typical Physical Property Typical Values Properties Appearance Liquid Solids (%) >95 Density (lbs/gal) 8.8 Aldehyde Equivalent Weight (EW) – as supplied 70-80 Potential • Industrial Maintenance Finishes for metal Applications • General Industrial Finishes for metal • Agricultural & Construction Equipment (ACE) • Transportation Coatings (e.g., railcar, shipping containers) • Automotive Refinish Coatings (e.g., primer surfacer, topcoat) • Industrial Wood Finishes for Kitchen Cabinets • Industrial Wood Finishes for Furniture • DIY Finishes for Wood • Pigmented or Clear Wood Topcoats UNRESTRICTED – May be shared with anyone ®TM Trademark of The Dow Chemical Company (“Dow”) or an affiliated company of Dow 884-00839-0815-NAR-EN-CDP Page 1 of 3 PARALOIDTM EDGE XL-195 Crosslinker/ Cycloaliphatic Dialdehyde / Dow Coating Materials Introduction to Chemistry and Benefits of PARALOID™ EDGE Isocyanate Free Polyurethane PARALOID™ EDGE Chemistry Technology The PARALOID EDGE Resins and Crosslinkers provide 2K, solvent borne, novel, isocyanate-free polyurethane coatings at ambient temperatures from the reaction of polycarbamate functional resins and polyaldehyde crosslinker using an acid catalyst (Figure 1). There is a need in many coating applications for faster drying and hardness development than can be achieved with current 2K polyurethane chemistry. Typical approaches to faster dry times using isocyanate chemistry can lead to shorter formulation pot-life. -
Isocyanates November 2010 Information Sheet
Isocyanates November 2010 Information Sheet Isocyanate compounds are found in a diverse range of industries using chemicals such as two pack spray paints, lacquers, adhesives, certain coatings/ linings and in foam production, such as insulation or fillers. Industries also include motor vehicle repair, printing (inks, framing and laminating), boat maintenance or furniture manufacture. The most widely used isocyanates are TDI (toluene di-isocyanate), MDI (methylene diphenyl di-isocyanate) and HDI (hexamethylene di-isocyanate). Routes of Exposure • Skin sensitisation can occur due to the irritant nature of isocyanates in contact with the skin surface, which Isocyanates enter the body primarily through inhalation may result in dermatitis. or skin exposure. For example, polyurethane foam production results from the generation of gas, e.g. carbon dioxide which can promote the release of Occupational Exposure Limits isocyanates as vapour/aerosols. There is an Occupational Exposure Limit Value (OELV) for all Isocyanates of 0.02mg/m 3 (8hr); 0.07mg/m 3 (15 Health Effects minute) except Toluene di-isocyanate which is There are several potential health effects associated with 0.001mg/m 3 (8hr); 0.003mg/m 3 (15 minute). As a result, exposure to isocyanates. Some examples are provided employers must reduce employee’s exposure as far as is below: reasonably practicable and not exceed the OELV. • Inhalation of isocyanates can cause respiratory irritation/sensitisation in people or lead to occupational asthma. Individuals with a history of asthma should not work in areas with the potential for isocyanate exposure. Isocyanates Information Sheet Recommended Control Measures Key Points • Employers should firstly consider elimination of Always assume that exposure is likely to occur and isocyanates or substitution with less hazardous protect according to the level of risk identified from risk alternatives. -
Synthesis and Thermotropic Properties of Polyurethanes Prepared from 2,5-Tolylene Diisocyanate and 2,6-Bis(W-Hydroxyalkoxy )Naphthalenes
Polymer Journal, Vol. 27, No. 7, pp 664-672 (1995) Synthesis and Thermotropic Properties of Polyurethanes Prepared from 2,5-Tolylene Diisocyanate and 2,6-Bis(w-hydroxyalkoxy )naphthalenes Jong Back LEE, Takashi KATO, and Toshiyuki URYU* Institute of Industrial Science, University of Tokyo, Roppongi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 106, Japan (Received October 12, 1994) ABSTRACT: A series of thermotropic polyurethanes containing no mesogenic unit were synthesized by polyaddition of a para-type diisocyanate such as 2,5-tolylene diisocyanate (2,5-TDI) with 2,6-bis(w-hydroxyalkoxy)naphthalenes (BHNm: HO(CH2 )mOC10H 6 O(CH2 )mOH; m is the carbon number in the hydroxyalkoxy group). Intrinsic viscosities of the polymers were in the range of 0.27---0.48 dL g- 1. The thermal properties of these polymers were studied by differential scan ning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, polarizing microscopy, and X-ray diffractometry. Polyurethane 2,5-TDI/BHNm's (m=5, 6, 8, 11) prepared from BHNm and 2,5-TDI having methyl substituent on the phenylene unit exhibited monotropic liquid crystallinity. For example, poly urethane 2,5-TDI/BHN8 with [IJ]=0.30 exhibited a mesophase from 139 to lll°C on cooling. However, in the series of polyurethanes prepared by polycondensation of 1,4-phenylene di isocyanate (1,4-PDI) with BHNm, no explicit mesomorphic behavior was observed by DSC measurement and polarizing microscopic observation. KEY WORDS Thermotropic Polyurethane / 2,5-Tolylene Diisocyanate / 1,4-Phenylene Diisocyanate / Hydrogen Bonding/ Polyurethanes are a distinct class of mate In the previous paper, we reported the syn rials with industrial importance.