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Home , Glucosinolate

The Influence of Soil Type and Rates on and Oil Production in carinata

Theodor L. Stansly

Master Student at the University of Florida North Florida Research and Education Center (IFAS) - Quincy, FL USA Email: [email protected] Tel: (863) 517-0781

1 The Benefits of

• Ideal oil profile for the biojet and biodiesel industry

• Resilient crop with a robust root system (drought tolerance)

• Cover crop and a biofumigant agent

• High quality protein in seed meal What are (GLS)? • Over 120 described that are activated by an enzyme into oil (i.e. ) (Fahey et al., 2001)

• Over 90% mortality on parasitic nematodes in soil using tissue from wild mustard (Potter, 1998; Berhow et al.,2010)

• Content and composition vary with species and stage of growth, agronomic practices and climatic conditions (Fahey et al., 2001; Tripathi and Mishra, 2006)

• Persistence in soil depend on physical, chemical, and biological characteristics (i.e. microbial diversity) = Isothiocyanate (ITC) Aliphatic GLS Types and concentrations of GLS found in the parts of various * Brassica species Aliphatic and GLS

Low High

Level of GLS concentration

Aliphatic, * Leaves start off with high Indole, and concentrations of GLS then Aromatic GLS reduce to low as they mature Total GLS Concentration vs Stages of Development Roots Stem Leaves 90

) 80 /g

70 mol 60

50

40

30

Concentration (µ Concentration 20

10 GLS GLS

0 Juvenile Bolting Flowering Mature The Effect of Nitrogen Rates and Soil Type on Plant Biomass Conventional Pasture 450

400 382.7 345.5 350 288.3 276.1 300 259.3 238.5 250

200

150

Dry Biomass (g) 100 57.9 53.3 50

0 0% 33% 66% 100% Nitrogen Rate GLS vs Oil Concentrations in seeds 180

160 /g) 140

mol Correlation = - 0.90678 µ

( 120

100

80

60

40

20 GLS Concentration Concentration GLS

0 25 30 35 40 45 50 Oil (%) Breeding Efforts

• Location-specific GLS modification

• Soil persistence studies

• Pest resistance varieties The (Plutella xylostella)

• Different GLS involved in host recognition cues for oviposition (laying eggs) (Sun et al., 2009)

• Aromatic GLS triggered by the DBM-resistant variety, but resistance from (Liu et al., 2016)

• Other compounds attract DBM, not just GLS (Loon et al., 2002)