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WO 2 11/116413 Al (12) INTERNATIONAL APPLICATION PUBLISHED UNDER THE PATENT COOPERATION TREATY (PCT) (19) World Intellectual Property Organization International Bureau (10) International Publication Number (43) International Publication Date Χ t t t It t £ .A t t 29 September 2011 (29.09.2011) WO 2 11/1 16413 Al (51) International Patent Classification: (81) Designated States (unless otherwise indicated, for every A61N 5/067 (2006.01) A61F 9/008 (2006.01) kind of national protection available): AE, AG, AL, AM, AO, AT, AU, AZ, BA, BB, BG, BH, BR, BW, BY, BZ, (21) International Application Number: CA, CH, CL, CN, CO, CR, CU, CZ, DE, DK, DM, DO, PCT/AU201 1/000321 DZ, EC, EE, EG, ES, FI, GB, GD, GE, GH, GM, GT, (22) International Filing Date: HN, HR, HU, ID, IL, IN, IS, JP, KE, KG, KM, KN, KP, 22 March 201 1 (22.03.201 1) KR, KZ, LA, LC, LK, LR, LS, LT, LU, LY, MA, MD, ME, MG, MK, MN, MW, MX, MY, MZ, NA, NG, NI, (25) Filing Language: English NO, NZ, OM, PE, PG, PH, PL, PT, RO, RS, RU, SC, SD, (26) Publication Language: English SE, SG, SK, SL, SM, ST, SV, SY, TH, TJ, TM, TN, TR, TT, TZ, UA, UG, US, UZ, VC, VN, ZA, ZM, ZW. (30) Priority Data: 2010901213 22 March 2010 (22.03.2010) (84) Designated States (unless otherwise indicated, for every kind of regional protection available): ARIPO (BW, GH, (71) Applicant (for all designated States except US): ELLEX GM, KE, LR, LS, MW, MZ, NA, SD, SL, SZ, TZ, UG, MEDICAL PTY LTD [AU/AU]; 82 Gilbert Street, A de ZM, ZW), Eurasian (AM, AZ, BY, KG, KZ, MD, RU, TJ, laide, SA 5000 (AU). TM), European (AL, AT, BE, BG, CH, CY, CZ, DE, DK, EE, ES, FI, FR, GB, GR, HR, HU, IE, IS, IT, LT, LU, (72) Inventor; and LV, MC, MK, MT, NL, NO, PL, PT, RO, RS, SE, SI, SK, (75) Inventor/Applicant (for US only): PLUNKETT, Mal¬ SM, TR), OAPI (BF, BJ, CF, CG, CI, CM, GA, GN, GQ, colm [AU/AU]; 82 Gilbert Street, Adelaide, SA 5000 GW, ML, MR, NE, SN, TD, TG). (AU). Published: (74) Agent: FISHER ADAMS KELLY; Level 29, 12 Creek Street, Brisbane, Queensland 4000 (AU). — with international search report (Art. 21(3)) (54) Title: LASER IMMUNOTHERAPY FIG. 1 (57) Abstract: A method of immunotherapy of a mammal, or a laser device therefor, includes the step of treating one or more im mune privileged cells, tissues or organs of said mammal with a laser to reduce or eliminate the immune privilege status of said one or more cells, tissues and/or organs to thereby elicit an immune response that is beneficial to the mammal. The method of im munotherapy avoids or minimizes lasting damage to the treated cells, tissues and/or organs. The laser treatment is typically, al though not exclusively, to the pigmented epithelium of the eye or eyes. The method may be for treating a disease or condition se lected from: a bacterial infection; a viral infection; early AMD; glaucoma; diabetic retinopathy; multiple sclerosis; Parkinson's dis ease; and Alzheimer's disease. Typically, the radiant exposure level of the laser treatment is no greater than 60-100% of a visible effect threshold. TITLE LASER IMMUNOTHERAPY FIELD OF THE INVENTION This invention relates to a laser treatment of immune privileged cells tissues or organs such as the eye, brain or testis. More particularly, this invention relates to a laser treatment of dysfunction within immune privileged cells, tissues or organs which modifies immune privilege status to thereby enable the elicitation of a beneficial immune response. BACKGROUND TO THE INVENTION Immune privilege is an immunological phenomenon whereby some cells, tissues and organs fail to invoke a full immune response to foreign antigens, such as present in foreign cells, tissues, organs and pathogens. Traditionally, this phenomenon has had great impact on tissue transplantation. For example, foreign tissue grafts placed in immune privileged sites (e.g. anterior chamber of the eye, cornea, brain, testis, pregnant uterus) enjoy extended, often indefinite, survival, whereas similar grafts placed at sites that are not immune privileged (e.g. skin, kidney capsule) are rapidly rejected. Similarly, grafts prepared from immune privileged tissues experience extended, often indefinite, survival when implanted at body sites which normally reject foreign tissue. Immune privilege is granted to the eye because the retina contains a complex matrix of tissue and cells, some of which are post-mitotic, which may be damaged if exposed to the full weight of the systemic immune and inflammatory responses. Immune privilege is maintained by the physical barrier of epithelial cells layers, and also by the active expression of immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory factors by ocular cells. This tradeoff between possible collateral damage and disease control is maintained except under extraordinary circumstances such as a serious physical injury or an infection which could potentially threaten the life of the host. Under these conditions the immune privilege status can be modified to allow to all or part of the systemic immune and inflammatory responses access into the eye. For example, it has been reported that retinal laser burn (RLB) not only causes damage to the eye but also causes a loss of immune privilege in both the burned and unbumed eye (Qiao et ai, 2009, Am. J. Pathol. 174 414): OBJECT OF THE INVENTION It is an object of this invention to provide a laser treatment and/or a laser device suitable for treatment of an immune privileged cell tissue or organ to thereby elicit a beneficial immune response. A preferred object of the invention is that the method of immunotherapy and/or laser device avoid or minimize causing lasting damage to the treated cells, tissues and/or organs. Further objects will be evident from the following description. DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION In one form, although it need not be the only or indeed the broadest form, the invention resides in a method of immunotherapy of a mammal in need of such treatment, said method including the step of treating one or more immune privileged cells, tissues or organs of said mammal with a laser to modify the immune privilege status of said one or more cells, tissues and/or organs to thereby elicit an immune response that is beneficial to the mammal. In another form, the invention resides in a laser device for treating one or more immune privileged cells, tissues or organs of a mammal to modify the immune privilege status of said one or more cells, tissues and/or organs and thereby elicit an immune response that is beneficial to the mammal. Suitably, the method of immunotherapy and/or laser device avoids or minimizes lasting damage to the treated cells, tissues and/or organs. Preferably, the one or more immune privileged cells, tissues or organs include the eye, brain or testis. The laser treatment of the eye is preferably directed to the pigmented epithelium (PE) of one or both eyes. Suitably, the method and/or laser device is for treating a disease or condition in the mammal selected from: a bacterial infection; a viral infection; Early age-related macular degeneration (AMD); glaucoma; diabetic retinopathy; multiple sclerosis; and a neurodegenerative condition. The neurodegenerative condition may be selected from Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease. Preferably, the mammal is a human. Throughout this specification, unless otherwise indicated, "comprise", "comprises" and "comprising" are used inclusively rather than exclusively, so that a stated integer or group of integers may include one or more other non- stated integers or groups of integers. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING To assist in understanding the invention preferred embodiments will now be described with reference to the following figures in which: FIG 1 is a block diagram of a laser device. DETAILED DESCRIPTION The invention described herein provides a method of immunotherapy by laser treatment of dysfunction within one or more immune privileged cells, tissues or organs to modify immune privilege. Furthermore, the method of treatment is essentially painless and avoids lasting collateral damage to the cells tissues or organs subjected to the laser treatment. Non-limiting examples of immune privileged cells, tissues and organs include the eye, brain, testis and placenta. According to the invention, some aspects of the privileged immune privilege system may be modified, or the immune privilege system may be modified at one or more particular physical locations, or the entire immune privilege system may be modified. Preferably, modifying the immune privilege status includes reducing or attenuating immune privilege status. Although not wishing to be bound by theory, it is proposed that in diseases such as diabetes, glaucoma and AMD, a range of low-level para- inflammatory problems have been able to develop in the eye over time because immune privilege is active. In AMD the genes that greatly increase the likelihood of suffering from AMD are related to the immune and inflammatory response. Moreover, it is proposed that AMD is caused by chronic para-inflammatory and immune responses which were initiated by a brief, mild infection or injury, but have not since fully switched off (and are therefore "dysfunctional"), resulting in one or more disease pathologies developing over time. Similar immune dysfunction may also occur in other immune privileged organs such as brain or testis. The eyes are considered to be an extension of the brain and both share a common immune privileged status within the central nervous system. The laser treatment of the invention suitably results in modifying the immune privilege status of the treated cells, tissues or organs in the mammal, for sufficient time to potentiate or allow the elicitation of an immune response beneficial to the mammal.
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