District Census Handbook, Nalgonda, Part X
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CENSUS 1971 SERIES 2 ANDHRA PRADESH DISTRICT CENSUS HANDBOOK NALGONDA PART X-A VILLAGE & TOWN DIRECTORY PART X-B VILLAGE & TOWN PRIMARY CENSUS ABSTRACT T. VEDANTAM OF THE INDIAN ADMINISTRATIVE SERVICE DIRECTOR OF CENSUS OPERATIONS ANDHRA PRADESH PUBLISHED BY THE GOVERNMENT OF ANDHRA PRADESH 1974 The Jain Mahavira The motif presented on the cover page of the Nalgonda District Census Handbook represents the image of the Jain Mahavira sculptured on a light greenish jade in the famous jain tempte at Kolanpak village at Bhongir taluk in Nalgonda district. At present a large village spreading over 16 Sq. Kms. with a population of 7,075 persens, Kolanpak was a reputed town during the Early and Middle Ages. The place was identified as the Kusasthalapura of Dhananjaya who was defeated by Samudragupta in the 4th century A.D. It later became the second capital of the Kalyani Chalukyas from the 11 th century A.D. Afterwards it passed into the hands of the Cholas during the reign of king Rajendra Chola and then into the hands of the Kakatiyas who came to power in the succeeding centuries. Apart from being a flourishing and prosperous commercial centre, Kolanpak popularly known as Kulpak was a cradle of religions and served as a meeting ground for t"e three important religious faiths of the day, namely Jainism, Saivism and Vaishnavism. All the three faiths thrived side by side in harmony for some time. Traces of the flourishing state of each one of these religions could be seen even today in the remnants of the dilapidated shrines or temples r3presenting the respective religions, existing then in the area. However, Jainism received a greater degree of the royal patronage, especially from the ehalukyas and the Rashtrakutas who popularised Jainism in the Andhra Desa by establishing several 'Viharas' at places like Gudivada, Bikkavolu, Hanamkonda, Bodhan. etc. The Sangama Dynasty. the first ruling house of the great Hindu Empire of Vijayanagara was stated to be favourable to the growth of the Jainism and Bukka hl!ld patched uo a quarrel between the Vaishnavites and the Jains. Thus the fortunes of the Jainism changed with the change of the rulership in the land. The decline of the Jainism had set in with the onslauqhts of Veera-Saivism, an aggreSSive sect lead by Bnsaveswara, a zealous and staunch Saivite It is_said that many Jaina 'Basadis' (Temples) were destroyed Jaina sculptures mutilated and that the followers were cruelly persecuted by the Vira Saivites. Many Jain followers even changed their faith for fear of persecution at the hands of the Veera Saivites. In one of these conflicts the original ancient Jain temple at Kulpak seems to have been destroyed and the present one constructed later, on the ruined Site of the earlier temple. The existing temple is said to have been constructed about 1800 years ago, but its sculptural and architectural features are suggestive of n late 19th century construction. The temple consists of the idols of all the 24 TheE'rthankaras who preached and spread the message and gospel of Jainism. with Vardhamana Mahavira. the last and the 24th in the illustrious line of Theerthankaras in the middle, seated in 'Padmasana' with his hands kept in 'Dhyana Mudra' a$ shown in the motif. An annual festival lasting for thIBe days from Chaitrfl 5uddha Triodasi to Purnima (March-Apiil) is cele brated here. It draws the Jain devotees numbering about 10 to 15 thousands from all over India. A couple of thousands of the Hindus, Muslims and Christians also par~icipate in this annual festival. Lectures on Jain philoso phy are delivered daily on the occasion. Unlike in.a Hindu temple. there is no particular Pujari and no Naivedyam is offered in this Jain temple, for, the jains believe that there would be no hunger after attaining jWukthl (Salvation} This is a Swethambara temple and all the idols are decorated with white clothes and jewels. Only the first puja in the morning is performed by some one in charge of the temple while subsequently all devotees can worship the idols. The temple is not electrified while the compound and the rooms are. The affairs of the temple are managed by a committee of the Jains in Secunderabad through paid agents. Munificent contri butions from devotees form the main source of income for the temple which is supplemented at times with the subscriptions raised by the Managing Committee. PREFACE The District Census Handbooks which were first published at the 1951 Census proved to be very useful to the State and Central Government Departments, private agencies and academic bodies like Universities and Research Institutions. The scope of these Handbooks was enlarged to make them more useful during the 1961 Census. Considering the delay in the publication of these Handbooks due to difficulties in finding suitable presses which could undertake huge printing work of this kind, it was considered desirable to split up the 1971 Census Handbooks into three parts viz., Part A - Village and Town Directory, Part B - Village and 'fown Primary Census Abstract and Part C - Analytical Report, Departmental Statistics and District Census Tables. This was done mainly with a view to publishing Parts A and B which contain not only the population data upto the Village and Town Level but also the particulars about the basic amenities etc., availab1e in the towns and villages, as early as possible for public llse. The scope and contents of these three parts are elaborated in the introduction of this volume; I am glad to record here that Parts A and 13 of the 1971 Census Handbooks of all the 21 districts in the State have been finalised already and I expect that before the end of 1974 Parts A and B for all the 21 districts wOllld have been published. The compilation of these Handbooks is being done from the 1951 Census in the Office of the Director of Census Operations while the cost of paper, printing etc., required for these volumes is being borne by the State Government. The Andhra Pradesh State Govern ment have readily agreed to bear the cost of printing and paper for the 1971 Census Hand books. I am grateful to the Andhra Pradesh State Government and in particular to the Additional Chief Secretary to the Government of Andhra Pradesh, Shri S. AI. Quader, LA.S., for their co-operation and encouragement. I am thankful to the Director of Printing, Government of Andhra Pradesh for assisting me by selecting suitable Presses for uadcr taking the printing of the Handbooks. The data presented in the Village and Town Directo ries are obtained from diff-:rent State Government and Central Government Departments but for whose co-operation Parts--A & B of the Handbooks could not have been compiled. I am thankful to all of them for furnishing me the required data. I am extremely grateful to Shri A. Chandra Sekhar, LA.S., Registrar General, India and Dr. Roy Burman, Deputy Regi<;trar General, India who formulated the contents of these Handbooks in detail and rendered spontaneous help and encouragement to me at all stages. The following staff of my Office worked on the present volume of Nalgonda District Census Handbook under the guidance and supervision of Shri P. S. R. Avadhany, Deputy Director of Census Operations and Sri K. Narasimha Murthy, Assistant Director of Census Operations of my Office: Sri P. B. Sundar Raj, Tabulation Officer Smt. P. Lalitha, Tabulation Officer Sri T. Brahmiah, Statjstical Assistant Drafting and Scrutiny Sri K. V. Sarma, Statistical Assistant Sri A. V. Krishna Reddy, Comput~r Supervision of Printing Kuru. B. Tarakeswari Rao, Co'mputor I Sri V. Babu Rao, Assistant Compiler Collection and Compilation " S. Ramakrishna, Assistant Compiler 11 Sri G. S. (boudary, Junior Reader, G.c.P. Proof Reading " F. Innaiah, Junior Reader, G.C.P. } Sri A. Venkateswara Rao, Assistant Compiler Scrutiny and Supervision of Map Printing Sri M. N. Ram Mohan, Artist Supervision of Mapping Work Sri Syed Ahmed, Senior Draughtsman M. J. Sadiq, Draughtsman " N. G. Swamy, Draughtsman " Mohiuddln Hassan, Draughtsman " M. Shankaraiah, Draughtsman Preparation of Maps " Md. Yakub Ali, Draughtsman ( " B. Raghuram, Draughtsman Smt." Daya Saxena, Draughtsman \ Sri D. Koteswara Rao, Computor ! I am grateful to their services. \ I am very thankful to the Director of Archaeology and Museums, Government of Andhra Pradesh, for f~rnishing to me the material required for the note on the motif. I trust that this humble effort on the part of the Census Organisation would meet with the appreciation it deserves. T. VEDJ\NTAM Director of Census Operations. CONTENTS Pages Illtroduction 1-4 PART A-VILLAGE AND TOWN DIRECTORY SECTION I-VILLAGE DIRECTORY Explanatory Note-Village Directory 5-11 Village Directory: Nalgonda Taluk 13-27 Suryapet Taluk: 29-17 Huzurnaear Taluk 39-45 Miryalguda Taluk 47-55 Devarakonda 'faluk 57-71 Bhongir Taluk 73-83 Ramannapet Taluk 85-93 Ta\ukwise Abstract of Amenitici 94-95 SECTION II-TOWN DIR!CTOftY Explanatory Note-Town Directory 96-101 '1own Directory: Statement I Status, Growth History and Functional Category of Towni 102 Statement II Physical Aspects and Location of Towns 103 Statement III Civic Finances 104 Statement IV Civic and Other Amenities in Towns. 105 Statement V Medical, Educational, Recreational and Cultural Facilities 106 Statement VI Trade, Commerce, Industry and Banking Facilities 107 Statement VII Population by Religion and Scheduled Castes/Scheduled Tribes 10tl. PART B-VILLAGE AND TOWN PRIMARY CENSUS ABSTRACT Explanatory Note-Primary Census Abstract 109-114 Primary Census Abstract: NALGONDA DlSTRlC1