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THE NATIONAL ACTION PLAN and CONSERVATION STRATEGY of HELMETED HORNBILL (Rhinoplax Vigil) in INDONESIA 2018-2028

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THE NATIONAL ACTION PLAN and CONSERVATION STRATEGY of HELMETED HORNBILL (Rhinoplax Vigil) in INDONESIA 2018-2028 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY THE NATIONAL ACTION PLAN AND CONSERVATION STRATEGY OF HELMETED HORNBILL (Rhinoplax vigil) IN INDONESIA 2018-2028 © Y. Hadiprakarsa/Rangkong Indonesia MAY 2019 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY THE NATIONAL ACTION PLAN AND CONSERVATION STRATEGY OF THE HELMETED HORNBILL (Rhinoplax vigil) IN INDONESIA 2018-2028 DRAFTING TEAM Bambang Dahono Adji (Direktorat Konservasi Keanekaragaman Hayati-KLHK), Ratna Kusuma Sari (Direktorat Konservasi Keanekaragaman Hayati-KLHK), Agung Nugroho (Direktorat Konservasi Keanekaragaman Hayati-KLHK), Sri Ratnaningsih (Direktorat Konservasi Keanekaragaman Hayati- KLHK), Desy Satya Chandradewi (Direktorat Konservasi Keanekaragaman Hayati-KLHK), Arief Santosa (Direktorat Penegakan Hukum Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan-KLHK), Dewi M. Prawiradilaga (Pusat Penelitian Biologi, Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia), Muhammad Irham (Pusat Penelitian Biologi, Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia), Nurul Winarni (Research Center of Climate Change Universitas Indonesia), Yeni A. Mulyani (Institut Pertanian Bogor), Yok Yok Hadiprakarsa (Rangkong Indonesia), Sofi Mardiah (USAID BIJAK/Wildlife Conservation Society Indonesia Program), Andina Auria Dwiputri (USAID BIJAK/Wildlife Conservation Society Indonesia Program), William Marthy (USAID BIJAK/Wildlife Conservation Society Indonesia Program), Hendry Pramono (USAID BIJAK/Wildlife Conservation Society Indonesia Program), Ady Kristanto (Fauna & Flora International), Yoan Dinata (Zoological Society of London), Ria Saryanthi (Burung Indonesia), Ferry Hasudungan (Burung Indonesia), Novi Hardianto (Yayasan WWF Indonesia) ACKNOWLEDGEMENT We would like to thank various stakeholders who have been actively taking part in the development of SRAK Helmeted Hornbill Indonesia from the beginning to the end of the process, including Abdul Halim Ramli (cultural observer), Arief Mahmud (BBTNBKDS), Giyanto (Wildlife Conservation Society), Rahmad Saleh (BBTNGL), Sadtata Noor Adirahmanta (BKSDA Kalimantan Barat), Suer Suryadi (Researcher), Suhartono (KLHK), and Wilson Novarino (Universitas Andalas). We also would like to thank all government institutions, organizations, and companies who have been supporting and participating during the development of this document including Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI), Attorney General's Office, BAPPENAS, BAPPEDA Kapuas Hulu, BKSDA offices in Sumatra and Kalimantan, National Park management in Sumatra and Kalimantan, local government (Dinas Kehutanan) in Sumatra and Kalimantan, Institut Pertanian Bogor, Universitas Andalas, UIN Syarif Hidayatullah-Jakarta, Universitas Tanjung Pura-Pontianak, Kalimantan Barat, Research Center for Climate Change Universitas Indonesia, Burung Indonesia, Fauna and Flora International Indonesia Program, Himpunan Asosias Pengusaha Flora Fauna Indonesia, Kawan Burung Ketapang, PKBSI, Rangkong Indonesia, TFCA Kalimantan, USAID Bangun Indonesia Jaga Alam demi Keberlanjutan (USAID BIJAK), Wildlife Conservation Society Indonesia Program, Yayasan Kehati, Yayasan Palung, Yayasan Planet Indonesia, Yayasan Titian, Yayasan WWF Indonesia, Zoological Society of London, PT. Asia Pulp and Paper Indonesia, PT. Astra Agro Lestari, PT. KSI WIlmar International Plantation, PT. Riau Andalan Pulp & Paper, PT. Sari Bumi Kusuma, PT. SMART Tbk, PT. Suka Jaya Makmur, and PT. Wanasokan Hasilindo TABLE OF CONTENT 1. HELMETED HORNBILL IN INDONESIA: AN OVERVIEW .............................................................. 5 1.1 THE HELMETED HORNBILL’S BIOLOGICAL AND ECOLOGICAL INFORMATION ........................................................... 5 1.2 NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL LEGAL AND POLICIES FRAMEWORKS ................................................................. 5 2. THREATS IN CONSERVING THE HELMETED HORNBILL ............................................................ 6 2.1 THREATS FACED IN HELMETED HORNBILL CONSERVATION.................................................................................... 6 3. CONSERVATION MEASURES: THE ACTION PLAN AND CONSERVATION STRATEGY FOR THE HELMETED HORNBILL IN INDONESIA .................................................................................... 8 3.1 THE HELMETED HORNBILL’S POPULATION AND HABITAT MANAGEMENT ............................................................ 10 3.2 REGULATION AND POLICY .............................................................................................................................. 11 3.3 PARTNERSHIP AND COOPERATION IN SUPPORTING HELMETED HORNBILLS CONSERVATION IN INDONESIA ........... 13 3.4 COMMUNICATIONS AND COMMUNITY AWARENESS OF HELMETED HORNBILLS CONSERVATION IN INDONESIA ..... 14 3.5 FUNDING SUPPORT FOR HELMETED HORNBILLS CONSERVATION ....................................................................... 14 4. CONCLUSIONS ....................................................................................................................................... 15 5. REFERENCES ............................................................................................................................................ 16 1. Helmeted hornbill in Indonesia: an overview 1.1 The helmeted hornbill’s biological and ecological information The helmeted hornbill (Rhinoplax vigil) is a conservation icon of Asian tropical forests. Its distinctive and loud voice can be heard across the tropical forests of southern Thailand and Myanmar, Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra and Borneo Islands. This species, along with other birds of Bucerotidae family, plays an important role in forest ecology as effective seed spreading agent, disseminating various types of fruit seeds far away from the parent tree with its extensive flying range (Kinnaird, 1998; Kinnaird & O'Brien, 2005; Kitamura, 2011). Morphologically, the helmeted hornbill is easily recognized as it has a relatively large body with middle tail feathers longer than the rest, resembling a ribbon. Unlike the other hornbills, this type of hornbill is also known to have a distinctive casque made of keratin with no blood vessels, rendering it hard and solid (Gamble, 2007; Kinnaird & O'Brien, 2007). With its unique characteristic of violet yellow and red color blend and softer than elephant’s ivory, the casque has been targeted for its decorative quality since the Ming Dynasty in the 14th century. In addition to its ecological functions, the helmeted hornbill also has special cultural values among Indonesians, especially the Dayak tribe people in Kalimantan. In West Kalimantan province, the bird is considered as a token of pride that symbolizes courage and greatness of the Dayaks. While among the local people in Lampung, the southernmost province of Sumatra, this species is said to symbolize greatness and leadership. Even though the helmeted hornbill has various ecological functions and high cultural values, the data and information on its population in Indonesia to date is very limited. There are only six locations on the islands of Kalimantan and Sumatra where its population density has been reported i.e. the Kutai National Parks, Barito Ulu, International Timber Corporation Indonesia in East Kalimantan, Hutan Harapan - Jambi, Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park (BBSNP)-Lampung, as well as the Province of Lampung as a whole. However, different estimating protocols made density data in these two islands difficult to confirm. Furthermore, the densities of this bird species are significantly different between sites that have been affected by poaching and those free of it (Bennett et al., 1997), and it is estimated to be around 2,3 individuals/km2 (Kinnaird and O’Brien, 2007). 1.2 National and International Legal and Policies Frameworks In Indonesia, there are 13 species of hornbills. All of these species classified under Bucerotidae family and protected at the national level by Law No. 5 of 1990 on the Conservation of Biological Natural Resources and Its Ecosystems and its derivative Government Regulation (PP) No. 7 of 1999 on Wild Flora and Fauna Preservation. The appendix of the latter stipulates that hornbills (all species of the Bucerotidae family) are listed as protected species. In addition, based on the Minister of Forestry Regulation No. P.57/Menhut- II/2008 on the Strategic Directive on National Species Conservation 2008-2018, hornbills are categorized as high priority species among birds, and the helmeted hornbill has a special place as it is not only a high priority among birds in general, but also among hornbills in particular. The high rate of threats and poaching against the helmeted hornbill also attracts public attention at international level. The Convention on International Trade of Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) has listed the helmeted hornbill on Appendix I since 1975. Moreover, since 1994 according to the International Union for Conservation at Nature (IUCN) Red List has categorized the conservation status of this species as Near Threatened. However, due to the aforementioned threats, in 2015, the conservation status of this species was changed from initially Near Threatened to Critically Endangered, the last two steps in the conservation status before being extinct after extinct in the wild. Recognizing this critical condition, Indonesia took the initiative to submit a proposal for a resolution on the conservation and trade of helmeted hornbill at the CITES 17th Conference of the Parties (CoP). This resolution was adopted in the session by acclamation in Conf. Document 17.11 on the conservation of and trade in the helmeted hornbill which requires Indonesia to become
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