HOULUTLULUTTURUS009752406B2 (12 ) United States Patent ( 10 ) Patent No. : US 9 , 752, 406 B2 Hardesty et al. (45 ) Date of Patent: Sep . 5 , 2017 (54 ) WELLBORE PLUG ISOLATION SYSTEM (56 ) References Cited AND METHOD U . S . PATENT DOCUMENTS (71 ) Applicant : GEODynamics , Inc. , Millsap, TX (US ) 2 , 732, 195 A * 1/ 1956 Ljungström ...... CIOG 1 / 00 @ 166 / 278 ( 72 ) Inventors : John T . Hardesty , Weatherford , TX 2 ,754 ,910 A 7/ 1956 Derrick et al . (US ) ; Philip M . Snider, Tomball , TX (Continued ) (US ) ; David S . Wesson , Fort Worth , TX (US ) FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS ( 73 ) Assignee : GEODYNAMICS , INC ., Millsap , TX WO 2014062200 Al 4 / 2014 (US ) WO 2014098903 A1 6 /2014 ( * ) Notice : Subject to any disclaimer , the term of this OTHER PUBLICATIONS patent is extended or adjusted under 35 ISA /US , International Search Report and Written Opinion for U . S . C . 154 ( b ) by 0 days. PCT/ US2015 /031841 dated Aug. 5 , 2015 . (21 ) Appl. No. : 14 /732 ,391 (Continued ) Primary Examiner — Zakiya W Bates ( 22 ) Filed : Jun . 5, 2015 Assistant Examiner — Crystal J Miller Prior Publication Data (74 ) Attorney , Agent, or Firm - David W . Carstens; (65 ) Sudhakar V . Allada ; Carstens & Cahoon , LLP US 2016 / 0047199 A1 Feb . 18 , 2016 (57 ) ABSTRACT A wellbore plug isolation system and method for positioning Related U . S . Application Data plugs to isolate fracture zones in a horizontal, vertical, or deviated wellbore is disclosed . The system /method includes (63 ) Continuation - in -part of application No . 14 /459 , 042 , a wellbore casing laterally drilled into a hydrocarbon for filed on Aug . 13, 2014 , now Pat. No . 9 , 062, 543 . mation , a wellbore setting tool (WST ) that sets a large inner ( Continued ) diameter ( ID ) restriction sleeve member (RSM ) , and a restriction plug element (RPE ) . The RPE includes a first (51 ) Int . Cl. composition and a second composition that changes phase or E21B 33 / 12 ( 2006 . 01 ) strength under wellbore conditions . After a stage is perfo E21B 43 / 14 ( 2006 .01 ) rated , RPEs are deployed to isolate toe ward pressure (Continued ) communication . The second composition changes phase to (52 ) U . S . CI. create flow channels in the RPE during production . In an CPC ...... E21B 33 / 1208 (2013 .01 ) ; E21B 33 / 12 alternate system /method , the second composition changes (2013 .01 ) ; E21B 43 / 116 ( 2013 .01 ) ; phase or strength thereby deforming the RPE to reduce size ( Continued ) and pass through the RSM ' s . The RPEs are removed or left (58 ) Field of Classification Search behind prior to initiating well production without the need CPC ...... E21B 43 / 26 ; E21B 43 / 116 ; E21B 33/ 13 for a milling procedure. See application file for complete search history . 29 Claims, 84 Drawing Sheets
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Related U . S . Application Data 9 , 068 ,428 B2 6 /2015 Mazyar et al . 9 ,080 , 098 B2 7 / 2015 Xu et al. 2002 /0060071 A1 * 5 /2002 Grundmann ...... E21B 43 / 267 (60 ) Provisional application No . 62/ 081, 399 , filed on Nov. 166 / 288 18 , 2014 . 2003/ 0132224 A1 * 7 / 2003 Spencer ...... E21B 33 / 13 219 /635 (51 ) Int. CI. 2003/ 0164237 A1 9/ 2003 Butterfield , Jr. E21B 43 /26 (2006 . 01 ) 2004 /0149443 A1* 8/ 2004 La Rovere ...... E21B 33 / 14 E21B 43 / 116 ( 2006 . 01 ) 166 / 302 E21B 33 /10 2004 /0231845 Al * 11/ 2004 Cooke , Jr...... C09K 8 /508 ( 2006 .01 ) 166 / 279 (52 ) U . S . CI. 2005 /0109511 A1 * 5 / 2005 Spencer ...... E21B 33 / 13 CPC ...... E21B 43 / 14 ( 2013 . 01 ) ; E21B 43 / 26 166 / 302 (2013 . 01 ); E21B 2033/ 105 (2013 .01 ) 2005 /0211436 A1 * 9 /2005 Fripp ...... E21B 41/ 0085 166 / 302 2006 /0144591 Al * 7 /2006 Gonzalez ...... E21B 29 / 10 ( 56 ) References Cited 166 / 277 2007 /0034267 A1 2 /2007 Partridge U . S . PATENT DOCUMENTS 2007 /0107908 AL 5 /2007 Vaidya et al . 2 , 780 ,450 A * 2 / 1957 Ljungstrom ...... E21B 43/ 2401 2007/ 0169935 A1 * 7 /2007 Akbar ...... E21B 33 /138 166 / 258 166 / 284 2 , 849 , 070 A 8 / 1958 Maly 2007/ 0225175 Al * 9 / 2007 Cooke ...... CO9K 8 / 508 2 , 906 , 123 A 9 / 1959 Vernet et al . 507/ 219 2 , 923 , 535 A * 2 / 1960 Ljungstrom ...... E21B 43 /2401 2007/ 0240885 A1* 10 /2007 O 'Mally ...... E21B 33/ 1208 166 / 245 166 / 387 3 ,072 , 189 A * 1/ 1963 MacSporran ...... E21B 36 /02 2008 /0015120 A1* 1/ 2008 Cooke ...... CO9K 8 / 508 166 / 250 . 15 507/ 219 3 , 103 , 973 A * 9 / 1963 Mullen ...... COOK 8 / 42 2008 /0066904 A1* 3 /2008 Van Hal ...... E21B 36 / 008 166 / 288 166 / 250 . 1 3 ,208 ,530 A * 9 / 1965 Allen ...... E21B 33 / 1204 2008 /0115932 A1* 5/ 2008 Cooke ...... CO9K 8 / 508 166 / 123 166 / 250 . 01 3 , 832 , 243 A 8 / 1974 Donkersloot et al . 2008 /0149345 Al * 6 / 2008 Marya ...... E21B 23 /00 4 ,424 , 865 A 1 / 1984 Payton , Jr. 166 / 376 4 ,515 ,213 A 5 / 1985 Rogen et al. 2008 /0149351 A1 6 / 2008 Marya et al . 4 ,681 , 159 A * 7 / 1987 Allwin ...... E21B 17 /06 2008 / 0210423 A1 * 9 /2008 Boney ...... CO9K 8 /68 166 / 124 166 / 281 5 ,040 , 283 A 8 / 1991 Pelgrom 2008/ 0230219 A1 * 9/ 2008 Kaminsky ...... E21B 36 /04 5 , 070 ,788 A 12 / 1991 Carisella et al . 166 / 248 5 , 159 , 145 A 10 / 1992 Carisella et al . 2009 /0101342 A14 /2009 Gaudette et al . 6 ,474 ,414 B1 * 11/ 2002 Gonzalez E21B 33 / 14 2009 /0255686 A1 * 10 / 2009 Richard ...... E21B 37 /06 166 / 192 166 / 376 6 ,828 ,531 B2 * 12 / 2004 Spencer E21B 33 / 13 2010 /0078173 AL 4 /2010 Buytaert et al. 166 / 304 2010 / 0243242 A1 9 / 2010 Boney et al. 6 , 923 , 263 B2 * 8 / 2005 Eden ...... CO9K 8 / 42 2010 / 0270031 A1 * 10 / 2010 Patel ...... E21B 33 / 1208 166 / 179 166 / 376 6 ,942 ,032 B2 * 9 /2005 La Rovere ...... E21B 33 / 14 2010 /0294507 AL 11 /2010 Tanton 166 /288 2010 / 0300675 Al 12 /2010 Johnson et al . 7 ,258 , 169 B2 * 8 / 2007 Fripp ...... E21B 41/ 0085 2011/ 0036570 A1* 2 / 2011 La Rovere ...... E21B 33 / 138 166 / 302 166 /277 7 ,290 ,609 B2 * 11/ 2007 Wardlaw ...... E21B 36 / 008 2011/ 0132609 A1 * 6 / 2011 Van Hal ...... E21B 49 / 10 166 / 192 166 / 300 7 , 350 , 582 B24 / 2008 McKeachnie et al . 2011 /0132611 A1 6 / 2011 Rytlewski et al . 7 ,625 , 846 B2 12 / 2009 Cooke , Jr. 2011/ 0132621 A1 6 /2011 Agrawal et al. 7 ,647 , 964 B2 1/ 2010 Akbar et al. 2011/ 0146985 A1 6 / 2011 Xie et al . 7 , 735 , 567 B26 / 2010 O 'Malley et al . 2011 /0303423 A1 * 12 / 2011 Kaminsky ...... E21B 43 / 2401 7 ,743 ,825 B2 * 6 / 2010 O 'Malley ...... E21B 33 / 1208 166 /400 166 / 179 2012 /0181032 AL 7 /2012 Naedler et al. 7 ,886 ,825 B2 * 2 / 2011 Van Hal ...... E21B 36 /008 2012 /0199349 AL 8 /2012 Themig et al. 166 / 300 8 ,025 , 104 B2 * 9 /2011 Cooke , Jr ...... COOK 8 / 508 2012 /0217021 AL 8 /2012 Cravatte et al. 166 / 317 2012 /0267101 A1 * 10 /2012 Cooke, Jr...... C09K 8/ 508 8 , 178 ,476 B2 5 / 2012 Xie et al . 166 / 278 8 , 191, 644 B26 / 2012 Rytlewski et al . 2012 /0276356 AL 11 /2012 Xu et al . 8 ,215 , 385 B2 * 7 / 2012 Cooke , Jr ...... CO9K 8 / 508 2012 /0318513 Al 12 /2012 Mazyar et al. 166 /227 2013/ 0032357 A12 /2013 Mazyar et al. 8 , 276 ,670 B2 10 / 2012 Patel 2013/ 0087334 A1 * 4 /2013 Buytaert ...... E21B 17 /1014 8 , 283 ,174 B2 * 10 / 2012 Van Hal E21B 36 /008 166 /288 166 /250 . 1 2013 /0087335 Al * 4 /2013 Carragher ...... E21B 23 /00 8 , 342 , 240 B2 1 / 2013 Richard et al. 166 /288 8 , 439 , 108 B2 * 5 / 2013 Cooke , Jr ...... COOK 8 / 508 2013/ 0133876 A15 / 2013 Naedler et al . 166 /227 2013 /0133897 A1 5 /2013 Baihly et al. 8 ,485 , 265 B2 7 / 2013 Marya et al. 2013/ 0146302 Al 6 / 2013 Gaudette et al . 8 ,622 ,133 B2 * 1 / 20144 Kaminsky ...... E21B 36 /04 2013 /0206425 A1 * 8 /2013 Mazyar ...... E21B 33 / 12 166 / 302 166 / 376 8 , 726 , 991 B2 5 / 2014 Boney 2013/ 0284425 Al 10 / 2013 Agrawal et al . 8 , 905 , 147 B2 12 / 2014 Fripp et al . 2013 /0327540 A1 * 12 / 2013 Hamid . . . . E21B 33 / 12 9 ,062 , 543 B1 6 /2015 Snider et al. 166 / 376 US 9 ,752 ,406 B2 Page 3 ( 56 ) References Cited U . S . PATENT DOCUMENTS 2013 / 0333890 A1 * 12 / 2013 Dagenais ...... E21B 29 /00 166 / 302 2014 /0027128 A1* 1/ 2014 Johnson . B22F 1 /02 166 / 376 2014 /0060837 A1 * 3 / 2014 Love ...... E21B 43 / 26 166 / 297 2014/ 0069636 Al * 3 / 2014 Kaminsky ...... E21B 36 /04 166 / 248 2014 / 0069637 Al * 3 / 2014 Kaminsky ...... E21B 36 /04 166 / 248 2014 / 0190685 A17 / 2014 Frazier et al . 2015 /0008003 AL 1 / 2015 Lafleur 2015 /0060069 A1 3 / 2015 Potapenko et al. 2015 /0159462 A1 6 / 2015 Cutler 2016 /0258242 AL 9 / 2016 Hayter et al . OTHER PUBLICATIONS ISA /US , International Search Report and Written Opinion for PCT /US2015 /043866 mailed Dec . 22 , 2015 . ISA /US , International Search Report and Written Opinion for PCT/ US2015 /043876 dated Jan . 4 , 2016 . ISA /US , International Search Report and Written Opinion for PCT/ US2015 / 043871 dated Jan . 4 , 2016 . ISA /US , International Search Report and Written Opinion for PCT/ US2015 / 043880 dated Jan . 7 , 2016 . ISA /US , International Search Report and Written Opinion for PCT/ US2017 /025987 dated May 1, 2017 . * cited by examiner U . S . Patent Sep . 5 , 2017 Sheet 1 of 84 US 9, 752 , 406 B2
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FIG . 2 Oil and Gas Extraction 0200 Method
0201 - 5 Prepare site and install wellbore casing
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02054 All Fracture Stages completed ? No Yes Mill the plugs , open fracking stages , 0206 and remove debris
0207 Pump well production gas
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FIG . 6 Wellbore Oil and Gas Production 0600 Method 0601 Install a Wellbore casing Deploy wellbore setting tool (WST ) on wireline or TCP or coil tubing along with a 0602 restriction sleeve member (RSM ) and a perforating gun string assembly (GSA ) Set RSM at a desired wellbore location in the 0603 wellbore casing Perforate hydrocarbon formation 0604 - with the perforating GSA Remove the WST and the perforating GSA 0605 from the wellbore casing Deploy restriction plug element (RPE ) into the 0606 wellbore casing to seat in the RSM and create a hydraullic fracturing stage 06073 Fracture the stage with fracturing fluids All Hydraullic Fracturing 0608060845K Stages completed ? No Yes 06095 Enable fluid flow in production direction
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Patent Sep . 5 , 2017 Sheet 81 of 84 US 9 ,752 ,406 B2 7701 7703 7705 7704 7714 AwA + 99 ow * ) . *** 19 AMMA +++ PAAR * w imaye * cher pt YAZ * HRANA **** * one of 2 + 144V3 - Y 7702 7702 mera77207720 7740 FIG.77 A 22.1217L IL - 419 " : " - " * " - W1434 1 - 4 - 1971 ( * ) * NULLLLLLLL L LLLLLLLL ) 7710 7730 U . S . Patent Sep . 5 , 2017 Sheet 82 of 84 US 9 ,752 ,406 B2 7815 - HY , 7701 * *** * **** * * ** * * vete * wwwuy. YV .15 * www Sauva ETT 78FIG. pi e rw 7 7A -AVS kurwy 44444. YeeLA VYSTAL LALAL TV U . S . Patent Sep . 5 , 2017 Sheet 83 of 84 US 9 ,752 ,406 B2 7901 -7904 7906 7907 7914 7905 7903 47908 ** * ** 42 ALUVAUVALLUM . ??? . ? ?? ???????? . ??? 6062 7702 7902 77207720 7940 FIG.79 111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 ) ( 7 W 10????????????????? - 7910 7930 U . S . Patent Sep . 5 , 2017 Sheet 84 of 84 US 9 ,752 ,406 B2 7914- 7905- -7904 906L .7907 -7903 -7908 7901 -7915 -- -: M au* * * * * * errer MANARARA pogle - - - - uutuutuLUUN DATA 7909 ?????????????????????????, HRYSLn. ** * Axou . 7902 FIG.80 - v is . ------* * * * * * * AY * * * * * * * L UTI15 * * * 'The LY 4444...... A ** * ** * * * * ** * W . LU *VAY VE 8000 US 9 , 752, 406 B2 WELLBORE PLUG ISOLATION SYSTEM combination of cement and casing strengthens the wellbore AND METHOD and facilitates the isolation of certain areas of the formation behind the casing for the production of hydrocarbons . CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED The first step in completing a well is to create a connec APPLICATIONS 5 tion between the final casing and the rock which is holding the oil and gas. There are various operations in which it may become necessary to isolate particular zones within the well . This application claims the benefit of U . S . Provisional This is typically accomplished by temporarily plugging off Application No . 62 /081 , 399 , filed Nov . 18 , 2014 , and also is the well casing at a given point or points with a plug . a continuation - in - part of application Ser . No . 14 / 459, 042 ? , 10 A special tool, called a perforating gun , is lowered to the filed Aug. 13 , 2014 , now U . S . Pat. No. 9 , 062, 543 . rock layer. This perforating gun is then fired , creating holes through the casing and the cement and into the targeted rock . PARTIAL WAIVER OF COPYRIGHT These perforated holes connect the rock holding the oil and All of the material in this patent application is subject to gas and the wellbore . copyright protection under the copyright laws of the Unitedod 1315 Since these perforations are only a few inches long and States and of other countries. As of the first effective filing are performed more than a mile underground , no activity is date of the present application , this material is protected as detectable on the surface . The perforation gun is then unpublished material. removed before the next step , hydraulic fracturing stimula However , permission to copy this material is hereby tion fluid , which is a mixture of over 90 % water and sand , granted to the extent that the copyright owner has no 20 plus a few chemical additives , is pumped under controlled objection to the facsimile reproduction by anyone of the conditions into deep , underground reservoir formations . The chemicals are used for lubrication and to keep bacteria from patent documentation or patent disclosure , as it appears in forming and to carry the sand . These chemicals are typically the United States Patent and Trademark Office patent file or non - hazardous and range in concentrations from 0 . 1 % to records, but otherwise reserves all copyright rights whatso 25 0 . 5 % by volume and are needed to help improve the ever. performance and efficiency of the hydraulic fracturing . This STATEMENT REGARDING FEDERALLY stimulation fluid is pumped at high pressure out through the SPONSORED RESEARCH OR DEVELOPMENT perforations made by the perforating gun . This process creates fractures in the shale rock which contains the oil and Not Applicable 30 natural gas. In many instances a single wellbore may traversemultiple REFERENCE TO A MICROFICHE APPENDIX hydrocarbon formations that are otherwise isolated from one another within the earth . It is also frequently desired to treat Not Applicable such hydrocarbon bearing formations with pressurized treat ment fluids prior to producing from those formations . In FIELD OF THE INVENTION order to ensure that a proper treatment is performed on a desired formation , that formation is typically isolated during The present invention generally relates to oil and gas treatment from other formations traversed by the wellbore . extraction . Specifically, the invention attempts to isolate To achieve sequential treatment ofmultiple formations, the fracture zones through selectively positioning restriction 40 casing adjacent to the toe of a horizontal, vertical, or elements within a wellbore casing . More specifically , it deviated wellbore is first perforated while the other portions relates to restriction plug elements that are insoluble in well of the casing are left unperforated . The perforated zone is fluid but have properties such as phase or strength that vary then treated by pumping fluid under pressure into that zone with temperature so as to change shape to pass through through perforations. Following treatment a plug is placed restrictions during production . 45 adjacent to the perforated zone . The process is repeated until all the zones are perforated . The plugs are particularly useful PRIOR ART AND BACKGROUND OF THE in accomplishing operations such as isolating perforations in INVENTION one portion of a well from perforations in another portion or for isolating the bottom of a well from a wellhead . The Prior Art Background 50 purpose of the plug is to isolate some portion of the well from another portion of the well . The process of extracting oil and gas typically consists of Conventional prior art frac balls are typically made of a operations that include preparation , drilling , completion , non -metallic material, such as reinforced epoxies and phe production and abandonment. nolics, that may be removed by milling in the event the balls Preparing a drilling site involves ensuring that it can be 55 become stuck . Such conventional prior art frac balls are properly accessed and that the area where the rig and other made of materials that are designed to remain intact when equipment will be placed has been properly graded . Drilling exposed to hydraulic fracturing temperatures and pressures pads and roadsmust be built and maintained which includes and are not significantly dissolved or degraded by the the spreading of stone on an impermeable liner to prevent hydrocarbons or other media present within the well . When impacts from any spills but also to allow any rain to drain 60 one of these prior art balls does not return to the surface and properly . prevents lower balls from purging, coiled tubing must be In the drilling of oil and gas wells , a wellbore is formed lowered into the wellbore to mill the stuck ball and remove using a drill bit that is urged downwardly at a lower end of it from the seat . In addition , smaller - sized prior art balls that a drill string . After drilling the wellbore is lined with a string are not stuck in their seats still might not return to the surface of casing . An annular area is thus formed between the string 65 because the pressure differential across the ball due to the of casing and the wellbore . A cementing operation is then uprising current in the large diameter casing might not be conducted in order to fill the annular area with cement . The significant enough to overcome gravity . Consequently , while US 9 ,752 , 406 B2 such smaller - sized balls may not completely block a zone, partially controlled by structure of the first component; A they are still likely to impede production by partially block - second embodiment includes the component that is soluble ing the wellbore. in the selected wellbore environment, and one or more Subsequently , production of hydrocarbons from these exposure holes or passages in the soluble component to zones requires that the sequentially set plugs be removed 5 control its solubility ; from the well . In order to reestablish flow past the existing US 20120181032 , Disintegrating ball for sealing frac plug plugs an operator must remove and /or destroy the plugs by seat ; A composition for a ball that disintegrates, dissolves, milling, drilling, or dissolving the plugs . delaminates or otherwise experiences a significant degrada Prior Art System Overview (0100 ) 10 tion of its physical properties over time in the presence of hydrocarbons and formation heat; As generally seen in the system diagram ofFIG . 1 (0100 ), U .S . Pat .No . 8 ,657 ,018 , Circulating sub ; teaches erodible prior art systems associated with oil and gas extraction may hollow balls in the fluid flow and more particularly is include a wellbore casing (0120 ) laterally drilled into a adapted to be eroded to a certain extent and then collapse or wellbore . A plurality of frac plugs (0110 , 0111 , 0112 , 0113 ) 15 implode due to the pressure of the external fluid being far may be set to isolate multiple hydraulic fracturing zones higher than the internal pressure of the ball : (0101 , 0102, 0103 ) . Each frac plug is positioned to isolate a hydraulic fracturing zone from the rest of the unperforated The aforementioned prior art teach frac balls that degrade, zones. The positions of frac plugs may be defined by preset unlink , dissolve , and erode in the presence of wellbore sleeves in the wellbore casing . For example , frac plug (0111 ) 20 fluids . However, they do not teach any methodology by is positioned such that hydraulic fracturing zone (0101 ) is which frac balls change shape by melting , phase change , isolated from downstream ( injection or toe end ) hydraulic strength , or elasticity to address a wide variety of system fracturing zones (0102 , 0103 ) . Subsequently, the hydraulic applications , including but not limited to wellbore plug fracturing zone (0101 ) is perforated using a perforation gun isolation . and fractured . Preset plug/ sleeve positions in the casing , 25 precludes change of fracture zone locations after a wellbore casing has been installed . Therefore , there is a need to Prior Art Method Overview (0200 ) position a plug at a desired location after a wellbore casing has been installed without depending on a predefined sleeve As generally seen in the method of FIG . 2 ( 0200 ) , prior art location integral to the wellbore casing to position the plug. 30 associated with oil and gas extraction includes site prepa Furthermore , after well completions , sleeves used to set ration and installation of a wellbore casing ( 0120 ) (0201 ) . frac plugs may have a smaller inner diameter constricting Preset sleeves may be installed as an integral part of the fluid flow when well production is initiated . Therefore , there wellbore casing (0120 ) to position frac plugs for isolation . is a need for a relatively large inner diameter sleeves after After setting a frac plug and isolating a hydraulic fracturing well completion that allow for unrestricted well production 35 zone in step (0202 ) , a perforating gun is positioned in the fluid flow . isolated zone in step (0203 ) . Subsequently , the perforating Additionally , frac plugs can be inadvertently set at unde gun detonates and perforates the wellbore casing and the sired locations in the wellbore casing creating unwanted cement into the hydrocarbon formation . The perforating gun constrictions. The constrictions may latch wellbore tools that are run for future operations and cause unwanted 40 is next moved to an adjacent position for further perforation removal process. Therefore, there is a need to prevent until the hydraulic fracturing zone is completely perforated . premature set conditions caused by conventional frac plugs . In step (0204 ) , hydraulic fracturing fluid is pumped into the Exemplary prior art covering degrading frac plugs perforations at high pressures . The steps comprising of includes the following : setting up a plug (0202 ), isolating a hydraulic fracturing U . S . Pat. No. 8 .714 .268 . Method of making and using 45 zone , perforating the hydraulic fracturing zone ( 0203 ) and multi - component disappearing tripping ball : A method for pumping hydraulic fracturing fluids into the perforations making a tripping ball comprising configuring two or more (0204 ), are repeated until all hydraulic fracturing zones in parts to collectively make up a portion of a tripping ball ; and the wellbore casing are processed . In step ( 0205 ) , if all assembling the two or more parts by adhering the two or hydraulic fracturing zones are processed , the plugs are morem parts together with an adherent dissolvable material to 50 milled out with a milling tool and the resulting debris is form the tripping ball , the adherent dissolvable material pumped out or removed from the wellbore casing (0206 ) . In operatively arranged to dissolve for enabling the two or step (0207 ) hydrocarbons are produced by pumping out more parts to separate from each other ; from the hydraulic fracturing stages . U . S . Pat. No. 8 ,231 , 947 , Oilfield elements having con trolled solubility and methods of use ; Oilfield elements are 55 The step (0206 ) requires that removal/ milling equipment described , one embodiment comprising a combination of a be run into the well on a conveyance string which may normally insoluble metal with an element selected from a typically be wire line, coiled tubing or jointed pipe . The second metal, a semi- metallic material, and non -metallic process of perforating and plug setting steps represent a materials ; and one or more solubility -modified high strength separate “ trip ” into and outof the wellbore with the required and / or high - toughness polymeric materials selected frommon 60 equipmentequipment.. Each trip is time consuming and expensive . In polyamides, polyethers , and liquid crystal polymers ; addition , the process of drilling and milling the plugs creates U . S . Pat . No . 8 , 567 ,494 , Well operating elements com debris that needs to be removed in another operation . prising a soluble component and methods of use ; comprising Therefore , there is a need for isolating multiple hydraulic a first component that is substantially non -dissolvable when fracturing zones without the need for a milling operation . exposed to a selected wellbore environment and a second 65 Furthermore, there is a need for positioning restrictive plug component that is soluble in the selected wellbore environ - elements that could be removed in a feasible , economic , and ment and whose rate and /or location of dissolution is at least timely manner before producing gas. US 9 ,752 , 406 B2 un Deficiencies in the Prior Art reduced size plugs after changing phase to pass through the restriction sleeve members (ball seats ) without the need for The prior art as detailed above suffers from the following milling operation has not been addressed by prior art . deficiencies: Prior art systems do not provide for positioning a ball seat 5 OBJECTIVES OF THE INVENTION at a desired location after a wellbore casing has been installed , without depending on a predefined sleeve Accordingly , the objectives of the present invention are location integral to the wellbore casing to position the ( among others ) to circumvent the deficiencies in the prior art plug . and affect the following objectives: Prior art systems do not provide for isolating multiple 10 Provide for positioning a ball seat at a desired location hydraulic fracturing zones without the need for a mill after a wellbore casing has been installed , without ing operation . depending on a predefined sleeve location integral to Prior art systems do not provide for positioning restrictive the wellbore casing to position the plug . elements that could be removed in a feasible , eco Provide for isolating multiple hydraulic fracturing zones nomic , and timely manner. without the need for a milling operation . Prior art systems do not provide for setting larger inner Provide for positioning restrictive elements that could be diameter sleeves to allow unrestricted well production removed in a feasible , economic , and timely manner. fluid flow . Provide for setting larger inner diameter sleeves to allow Prior art systems cause undesired premature preset con unrestricted well production fluid flow . ditions preventing further wellbore operations. 20 Provide for eliminating undesired premature preset con While some of the prior art may teach some solutions to ditions that prevent further wellbore operations . several of these problems, the core issue of isolating hydrau Provide for restriction plug elements ( frac balls ) compris lic fracturing zones without the need for a milling operation ing meltable eutectic alloys that change phase due to has not been addressed by prior art . wellbore temperature . 25 Provide for restriction plug elements ( frac balls ) compris Deficiencies in the Prior Art for Restriction Plug ing meltable eutectic alloys that change strength due to Elements wellbore temperature . Provide for restriction plug elements comprising meltable While the use of degradable/ dissolvable frac balls has material that melts to create flow passages or flow been proven for many years, they have certain limitations. 30 channels . The prior art as detailed above suffers from the following Provide for restriction plug elements held together by an deficiencies: un -bonded mechanical insert. Prior art systems do not provide for restriction plug Provide for restriction plug elements with a cooling flow elements ( frac balls ) comprising meltable eutectic channel to keep the plug in solid state before liquefy alloys that change phase due to wellbore temperature . 35 ing. Prior art systems do not provide for restriction plug Provide for restriction sleevemember with a cooling flow elements ( frac balls ) comprising compositions that channel to retain a restriction plug element in solid state change strength due to wellbore temperature. before liquefying in the presence of wellbore fluids . Prior art systems do not provide for restriction plug Provide for restriction plug elements with dual chambers elements comprising meltable material that melts to 40 comprising a meltable eutectic alloy in one chamber create flow passages. that melts to deform and distort the plug element. Prior art systems do not provide for restriction plug Provide for effectively reducing overall cycle time for elements held together by an un -bonded mechanical stage fracturing . insert . Provide for a cost effective restriction plug elements Prior art systems do not provide for restriction plug 45 Provide for restriction plug elements that do not require elements with a cooling flow channel to keep the plug an acidic environment to degrade frac balls . in solid state before liquefying . Provide for restriction plug elements that do not erode or Prior art systems do not provide for restriction sleeve pit wellbore casing . member with a cooling flow channel to retain a restric Provide for controlling the amount of exposure of the frac tion plug element in solid state before liquefying in the 50 balls to wellbore and frac fluids. presence of wellbore fluids. Provide for restriction plug elements that are independent Prior art systems do not provide for restriction plug of the composition of the wellbore fluids Ph or chemi elements with dual chambers comprising a meltable cal reactivity eutectic alloy in one chamber that melts to deform and While these objectives should not be understood to limit distort the plug element. 55 the teachings of the present invention , in general these Prior art methods do not provide for effectively reducing objectives are achieved in part or in whole by the disclosed overall cycle time for stage fracturing invention that is discussed in the following sections. One Prior art systems do not provide for cost effective restric skilled in the art will no doubt be able to select aspects of the tion plug elements . present invention as disclosed to affect any combination of Prior art systems require an acidic environment to degrade 60 the objectives described above . frac balls. Prior art systems that use PGA frac balls erode or pit BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION wellbore casing . Prior art methods have no control on the amount of System Overview exposure of the frac balls to wellbore and frac fluids . 65 While some of the prior art may teach some solutions to The present invention in various embodiments addresses several of these problems, the core issue of removing one or more of the above objectives in the following manner. US 9 , 752 ,406 B2 The present invention provides a system to isolate fracture The present invention provides a system to isolate fracture zones in a horizontal, vertical, or deviated wellbore without zones in a horizontal, vertical, or deviated wellbore without the need for a milling operation . The system includes a the need for a milling operation . The system includes a wellbore casing laterally drilled into a hydrocarbon forma wellbore casing laterally drilled into a hydrocarbon forma 5 tion , a wellbore setting tool (WST ) that sets a large inner tion , a setting tool that sets a large inner diameter ( ID ) 5 diameter ( ID ) restriction sleeve member (RSM ) , and a restriction sleeve member (RSM ), and a restriction plug restriction plug element (RPE ) . The RPE includes a first element (RPE ). A setting tool deployed on a wireline or coil composition and a second composition that changes phase or tubing into the wellbore casing sets and seals the RSM at a strength under wellbore conditions . After a stage is perfo desired wellbore location . The setting tool forms a conform rated , RPEs are deployed to isolate toe ward pressure ing seating surface (CSS ) in the RSM . The CSS is shaped to 10 communication . The second composition changes phase to engage/ receive RPE deployed into the wellbore casing. The create flow channels in the RPE during production . In an engaged /seated RPE isolates toe ward and heel ward fluid alternate system /method , the second composition changes communication of the RSM to create a fracture zone . The phase or strength thereby deforming the RPE to reduce size RPEs are removed or pumped out or left behind without the and pass through the RSM ' s . The RPEs are removed or left need for a milling operation . A large ID RSM diminishes 15 behind prior to initiating well production without the need flow constriction during oil production . for a milling procedure. Restriction Plug Element Integrated with a Heating Restriction Plug Element Method Overview Insert 20 The present invention system may be utilized in the Overview context of an overall gas extraction method , wherein the wellbore plug isolation system with a restriction plug ele A restriction plug element (RPE ) for use in a wellbore m ent described previously is controlled by a method having casing comprising a first composition and a heating insert the following steps : wherein the first composition is non -dissolvable at tempera - 25 ( 1) installing the wellbore casing; tures expected in said wellbore casing . The heating insert is ( 2 ) deploying the WST along with the RSM and a configured with heating source that is configured to generate perforating gun string assembly (GSA ) to a desired heat. When said heating source generates heat upon activa wellbore location in the wellbore casing ; tion , the first composition changes physical property such ( 3 ) setting the RSM at the desired wellbore location with that the restriction plug element changes shape to enable 30 the WST and forming a seal ; substantially unrestricted fluid flow fluid flow in the well ( 4 ) perforating the hydrocarbon formation with the per bore casing during production forating GSA ; (5 ) removing the WST and perforating GSA from the Method Overview wellbore casing ; 35 (6 ) deploying the RPE into the wellbore casing to seat in The present invention system may be utilized in the the RSM and creating a hydraulic fracturing stage ; context of an overall gas extraction method , wherein the ( 7 ) fracturing the stage with fracturing fluids; wellbore plug isolation system described previously is con ( 8 ) checking if all hydraulic fracturing stages in the trolled by a method having the following steps: wellbore casing have been completed , if not so , pro ( 1 ) installing the wellbore casing ; 40 ceeding to the step ( 2 ) ; (2 ) deploying the WST along with the RSM and a ( 9 ) enabling fluid flow in production direction ; and perforating gun string assembly (GSA ) to a desired ( 10 ) commencing oil and gas production from thehydrau wellbore location in the wellbore casing ; lic fracturing stages. ( 3 ) setting the RSM at the desired wellbore location with Integration of this and other preferred exemplary embodi the WST and forming a seal; 45 ment methods in conjunction with a variety of preferred (4 ) perforating the hydrocarbon formation with the per - exemplary embodiment systems described herein in antici forating GSA ; pation by the overall scope of the present invention . ( 5 ) removing the WST and perforating GSA from the wellbore casing ; BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS ( 6 ) deploying the RPE into the wellbore casing to seat in 50 the RSM and creating a hydraulic fracturing stage ; For a fuller understanding of the advantages provided by ( 7 ) fracturing the stage with fracturing fluids ; the invention , reference should be made to the following ( 8 ) checking if all hydraulic fracturing stages in the detailed description together with the accompanying draw wellbore casing have been completed , if not so , pro ings wherein : ceeding to the step ( 2 ) ; 55 FIG . 1 illustrates a system block overview diagram ( 9 ) enabling fluid flow in production direction ; and describing how prior art systems use plugs to isolate hydrau ( 10 ) commencing oil and gas production from the hydrau - lic fracturing zones . lic fracturing stages . FIG . 2 illustrates a flowchart describing how prior art Integration of this and other preferred exemplary embodi- systems extract gas from hydrocarbon formations . ment methods in conjunction with a variety of preferred 60 FIG . 3 illustrates an exemplary system side view of a exemplary embodiment systems described herein in antici- spherical restriction plug element/ restriction sleeve member pation by the overall scope of the present invention . overview depicting a presently preferred embodiment of the present invention . Restriction Plug Element System Overview FIG . 3a illustrates an exemplary system side view of a 65 spherical restriction plug element/ restriction sleeve member The present invention in various embodiments addresses overview depicting a presently preferred embodiment of the one or more of the above objectives in the following manner . present invention . US 9 ,752 , 406 B2 10 FIG . 4 illustrates a side perspective view of a spherical FIG . 23 illustrates a cross section view of a wellbore restriction plug element/ restriction sleeve member depicting setting tool setting a restriction sleeve member and remov a preferred exemplary system embodiment. ing the tool depicting a preferred exemplary system embodi FIG . 5 illustrates an exemplary wellbore system overview ment. depicting multiple stages of a preferred embodiment of the 5 FIG . 24 illustrates a detailed cross section view of well present invention . bore setting tool setting a restriction sleeve member depict FIG . 6 illustrates a detailed flowchart of a preferred ing a preferred exemplary system embodiment. exemplary wellbore plug isolation method used in some FIG . 25 illustrates a cross section view of wellbore setting preferred exemplary invention embodiments . tool removed from wellbore casing depicting a preferred FIG . 7 illustrates a side view of a cylindrical restriction 10 exemplary system embodiment. plug element seated in a restriction sleeve member depicting FIG . 26 illustrates a cross section view of a spherical a preferred exemplary system embodiment. restriction plug element deployed and seated into a restric FIG . 8 illustrates a side perspective view of a cylindrical tion sleeve member depicting a preferred exemplary system restriction plug element seated in a restriction sleeve mem - 15 embodiment. ber depicting a preferred exemplary system embodiment. FIG . 27 illustrates a detailed cross section view of a FIG . 9 illustrates a side view of a dart restriction plug spherical restriction plug element deployed into a restriction element seated in a restriction sleeve member depicting a sleeve member depicting a preferred exemplary system preferred exemplary system embodiment. embodiment. FIG . 10 illustrates a side perspective view of a dart 20 FIG . 28 illustrates a detailed cross section view of a restriction plug element seated in a restriction sleeve mem - spherical restriction plug element seated in a restriction ber depicting a preferred exemplary system embodiment. sleeve member depicting a preferred exemplary system FIG . 10a illustrates a side perspective view of a dart embodiment . restriction plug element depicting a preferred exemplary FIG . 29 illustrates a cross section view of wellbore setting system embodiment . 25 tool setting a restriction sleeve member seating a second FIG . 10b illustrates another perspective view of a dart restriction plug element depicting a preferred exemplary restriction plug element depicting a preferred exemplary system embodiment. system embodiment. FIG . 30 illustrates a detailed cross section view of a FIG . 11 illustrates a side view of a restriction sleeve member sealed with an elastomeric element depicting a 30 wellbore setting tool setting a second restriction sleeve preferred exemplary system embodiment. member depicting a preferred exemplary system embodi FIG . 12 illustrates a side perspective view of a restriction ment. sleeve member sealed with gripping / sealing element depict FIG . 31 illustrates a detailed cross section view of a ing a preferred exemplary system embodiment. spherical restriction plug element seated in a second restric FIG . 13 illustrates side view of an inner profile offa a 35 tion10 sleeve member depicting a preferred exemplary system restriction sleeve member sealed against an inner surface off embodiment. a wellbore casing depicting a preferred exemplary system FIG . 32 illustrates a cross section view of a restriction embodiment. sleeve member with flow channels according to a preferred FIG . 14 illustrates a wellbore setting tool creating inner exemplary system embodiment . and outer profiles in the restriction sleeve member depicting 40 FIG . 33 illustrates a detailed cross section view of a a preferred exemplary system embodiment. restriction sleeve member with flow channels according to a FIG . 15 illustrates a wellbore setting tool creating outer preferred exemplary system embodiment. profiles in the restriction sleeve member depicting a pre - FIG . 34 illustrates a perspective view of a restriction ferred exemplary system embodiment. sleeve member with flow channels according to a preferred FIG . 16 illustrates a detailed cross section view of a 45 exemplary system embodiment. wellbore setting tool creating inner profiles in the restriction FIG . 35 illustrates a cross section view of a double set sleeve member depicting a preferred exemplary system restriction sleeve member according to a preferred exem embodiment. plary system embodiment. FIG . 17 illustrates a detailed cross section view of a FIG . 36 illustrates a detailed cross section view of a wellbore setting tool creating inner profiles and outer pro - 50 double set restriction sleeve member according to a pre files in the restriction sleeve member depicting a preferred ferred exemplary system embodiment. exemplary system embodiment. FIG . 37 illustrates a perspective view of a double set FIG . 18 illustrates a cross section view of a wellbore restriction sleeve member according to a preferred exem setting tool setting a restriction sleeve member depicting a plary system embodiment. preferred exemplary system embodiment. 55 FIG . 38 illustrates a cross section view of a WST setting FIG . 19 illustrates a detailed cross section view of a restriction sleeve member at single, double and triple loca wellbore setting tool setting a restriction sleeve member tions according to a preferred exemplary system embodi depicting a preferred exemplary system embodiment. ment. FIG . 20 illustrates a detailed side section view of a FIG . 39 illustrates a cross section view of a WST with wellbore setting tool setting a restriction sleeve member 60 triple set restriction sleeve member according to a preferred depicting a preferred exemplary system embodiment. exemplary system embodiment. FIG . 21 illustrates a detailed perspective view of a well - FIG . 40 illustrates a detailed cross section view of a triple bore setting tool setting a restriction sleeve member depict set restriction sleeve member according to a preferred exem ing a preferred exemplary system embodiment. plary system embodiment. FIG . 22 illustrates another detailed perspective view of a 65 FIG . 41 illustrates a detailed perspective view of a triple wellbore setting tool setting a restriction sleeve member set restriction sleeve member according to a preferred exem depicting a preferred exemplary system embodiment. plary system embodiment. US 9 , 752, 406 B2 12 FIG . 42 illustrates a cross section view of a restriction FIG . 56 illustrates a side perspective view of a spherical plug element with a first composition surrounding a hollow restriction plug element with a first composition mechani second composition according to a preferred exemplary cally held together by a toroid mechanical second compo system embodiment. sition according to a preferred exemplary system embodi FIG . 43 illustrates a cross section view of a restriction 5 ment. plug element with a first composition surrounding a solid FIG . 57 illustrates a front cross section view of a spherical second composition according to a preferred exemplary restriction plug element with a first composition mechani system embodiment . cally held together by a toroid mechanical second compo FIG . 44 illustrates a cross section view of a restriction sition according to a preferred exemplary system embodi plug element with a first composition surrounding a second 10 ment . composition with a passage way according to a preferred FIG . 57a illustrates an ovoid restriction plug element with exemplary system embodiment. a first composition mechanically held together by a toroid FIG . 45 illustrates a perspective view of a restriction plug mechanical second composition according to a preferred element with a first composition surrounding a second exemplary system embodiment . composition with a passage way according to a preferred 15 FIG . 58 illustrates a spherical restriction plug element exemplary system embodiment. with a first composition surrounding a second composition FIG . 46a illustrates a cross section view of a restriction with a movable piston according to a preferred exemplary plug element with a first composition surrounding a second system embodiment. composition with a passage way and the restriction plug FIG . 59 illustrates a perspective view of a spherical element positioned in a restriction sleeve member during 20 restriction plug element with a first composition surrounding production according to a preferred exemplary system a second composition with a movable piston according to a embodiment. preferred exemplary system embodiment. FIG . 46b illustrates a cross section view of a restriction FIG . 60 illustrates a cross section view of a spherical plug element with a first composition surrounding a second restriction plug elementwith a first composition surrounding composition with a passage way and the restriction plug 25 a second composition with a movable piston according to a element positioned in a restriction sleeve member during preferred exemplary system embodiment. fracturing according to a preferred exemplary system FIG . 61 illustrates a perspective view of a sliding piston embodiment. within a spherical restriction plug element according to a FIG . 47 illustrates a cross section view of a restriction preferred exemplary system embodiment. plug element with a second composition surrounding a solid 30 FIG . 62 illustrates a cross section view of a sliding piston first composition according to a preferred exemplary system within a spherical restriction plug element according to a embodiment. preferred exemplary system embodiment. FIG . 48 illustrates a cross section view of a restriction FIG . 63 illustrates a cylindrical restriction plug element plug element with a second composition surrounding a with external flow channels according to a preferred exem hollow first composition according to a preferred exemplary 35 plary system embodiment. system embodiment. FIG . 64 illustrates a cylindrical restriction plug element FIG . 49 illustrates a perspective view of a restriction plug with internal flow channels according to a preferred exem element with a first composition with a passage way sur plary system embodiment. rounding a second composition that surrounds a third com - FIG . 65 illustrates a banded cylindrical restriction plug position according to a preferred exemplary system embodi - 40 element according to a preferred exemplary system embodi ment . ment. FIG . 50 illustrates a cross section view of a restriction FIG . 66 illustrates an ovoid restriction plug element with plug element with a first composition surrounding a second external flow channels according to a preferred exemplary composition in flow channels according to a preferred system embodiment. exemplary system embodiment. 45 FIG . 67 illustrates an ovoid restriction plug element with FIG . 51 illustrates a perspective view of a restriction plug internal flow channels according to a preferred exemplary element with a first composition surrounding a second system embodiment. composition in flow channels according to a preferred FIG . 68 illustrates a banded ovoid restriction plug element exemplary system embodiment. according to a preferred exemplary system embodiment. FIG . 52 illustrates a detailed flowchart of a preferred 50 FIG . 69 illustrates a dart restriction plug element with exemplary wellbore plug isolation method with a restriction external flow channels according to a preferred exemplary plug element (RPE ) used in some preferred exemplary system embodiment. invention embodiments . FIG . 70 illustrates a dart restriction plug element with FIG . 53 illustrates a spherical restriction plug element internal flow channels according to a preferred exemplary with a first composition mechanically held together by a 55 system embodiment1 . toroid mechanical second composition according to a pre - FIG . 71 illustrates a banded dart restriction plug element ferred exemplary system embodiment . according to a preferred exemplary system embodiment. FIG . 54 illustrates a cross section view of a spherical FIG . 72 illustrates a dart shaped restriction plug element restriction plug element with a first composition mechani- with a first composition fins attached to a central second cally held together by a toroid mechanical second compo - 60 composition according to a preferred exemplary system sition according to a preferred exemplary system embodi- embodiment. ment. FIG . 73 illustrates a dart shaped restriction plug element FIG . 55 illustrates a top perspective view of a spherical with a second composition fins attached to a central first restriction plug element with a first composition mechani- composition according to a preferred exemplary system cally held together by a toroid mechanical second compo - 65 embodiment. sition according to a preferred exemplary system embodi FIG . 74 shows a plot of temperature versus time in a ment . wellbore . US 9 ,752 , 406 B2 13 14 FIG . 75 illustrates a restrictive plug element with an hydrocarbon formation ( 0302 ) and held in place by wellbore integrated resistive heater according to a preferred exem cement (0301 ). The wellbore casing (0304 ) may have an plary system embodiment. inside casing surface (ICS ) associated with an inside casing FIG . 76 illustrates a restrictive plug element surrounded diameter (ICD ) (0308 ). For example , ICD (0308 ) may range by an insulating layer and integrated with a resistive heater 5 from 23 /4 inch to 12 inches. A restriction sleeve member according to a preferred exemplary system embodiment. ( RSM ) ( 0303 ) that fits inside of the wellbore casing is FIG . 77 illustrates a restrictive plug element with an disposed therein by a wellbore setting tool (WST ) to seal integrated chemical heater according to a preferred exem against the inside surface of the wellbore casing . The seal plary system embodiment. may be leaky or tight depending on the setting of RSM FIG . 78 illustrates a restrictive plug element surrounded 10 (0303 ) . The RSM (0303 ) may be a hollow cylindrical by an insulating layer and integrated with a chemical heater member having an inner sleeve surface and an outer sleeve according to a preferred exemplary system embodiment. surface . The RSM ( 0303 ) may be concentric with the FIG . 79 illustrates a restrictive plug element with an wellbore casing and coaxially fit within the ICS. In one integrated cartridge heater according to a preferred exem 15 preferred exemplary embodiment, the seal prevents RSM plary system embodiment. (0303 ) from substantial axially or longitudinally sliding FIG . 80 illustrates a restrictive plug element surrounded along the inside surface of the wellbore casing . The RSM by an insulating layer and integrated with a cartridge heater ( 0303 ) may be associated with an inner sleeve diameter according to a preferred exemplary system embodiment. ( ISD ) (0307 ) that is configured to fit within ICD ( 0308 ) of DESCRIPTION OF THE PRESENTLY 20 the wellbore casing (0304 ) . In another preferred exemplary PREFERRED EXEMPLARY EMBODIMENTS embodiment, ISD ( 0307 ) is large enough to enable unre stricted fluid movement through inside sleeve surface (ISS ) While this invention is susceptible of embodiment in during production . The ratio of ISD (0307 ) to ICD (0308 ) many different forms, there is shown in the drawings and may range from 0 .5 to 0 .99 . For example, ICD may be 4 . 8 will herein be described in detailed preferred embodiment of 25 inches and ISD may be 4 . 1 inches . In the foregoing example , the invention with the understanding that the present dis the ratio of ISD (0307 ) and ICD (0308 ) is 0 .85 . The diameter closure is to be considered as an exemplification of the of ISD (0307 ) may further degrade during production from principles of the invention and is not intended to limit the wellbore fluids enabling fluid flow on almost the original broad aspect of the invention to the embodiment illustrated . diameter of the well casing . In a further preferred exemplary The numerous innovative teachings of the present appli - 30 embodiment, RSM (0303 ) may be made from a material cation will be described with particular reference to the comprising of aluminum , iron , steel , titanium , tungsten , presently preferred embodiment, wherein these innovative copper, bronze , brass , plastic , composite , natural fiber , and teachings are advantageously applied to the particular prob - carbide . The RSM ( 0303 ) may be made of degradable lems of a wellbore plug isolation system and method . material or a commercially available material . However , it should be understood that this embodiment is 35 In a preferred exemplary embodiment, the WST may set only one example of the many advantageous uses of the RSM ( 0303 ) to the ICS in compression mode to form an innovative teachings herein . In general, statements made in inner profile on the RSM ( 0303 ) . The inner prone could the specification of the present application do not necessarily form a tight or leaky seal preventing substantial axial limit any of the various claimed inventions . Moreover, some movement of the RSM (0303 ) . In another preferred exem statements may apply to some inventive features but not to 40 plary embodiment, the WST may set RSM (0303 ) to the ICS others . in expansion mode providing more contact surface for sealing RSM ( 0303 ) against ICS. Further details of setting GLOSSARY OF TERMS RSM (0303 ) through compression and expansion modes are further described below in FIG . 15 . RSM : Restriction Sleeve Member, a cylindrical member 45 In another preferred exemplary embodiment, the WST positioned at a selected wellbore location . may set RSM (0303 ) using a gripping/ sealing element RPE : Restriction Plug Element, an element configured to disposed of therein with RSM ( 0303 ) to grip the outside isolate and block fluid communication . surface of RSM (0303 ) to ICS . Further details of setting CSS : Conforming Seating Surface , a seat formed within RSM ( 0303) through compression and expansion modes are RSM . 50 described below in FIG . 11 ( 1100 ) . ICD : Inner Casing Diameter, inner diameter of a wellbore In another preferred exemplary embodiment, the WST casing . may set RSM ( 0303 ) at any desired location within wellbore ICS : Inner Casing Surface , inner surface of a wellbore casing (0304 ) . The desired location may be selected based casing on information such as the preferred hydrocarbon formation ISD : Inner Sleeve Diameter , inner diameter of a RSM . 55 area , fraction stage , and wellbore conditions. The desired ISS : Inner Sleeve Surface , inner surface of a RSM . location may be chosen to create uneven hydraulic fractur WST: Wellbore Setting Tool, a tool that functions to set ing stages. For example , a shorter hydraulic fracturing stage and seal RSMs. may comprise a single perforating position so that the RSM GSA : Gun String Assembly , a cascaded string of perfo - locations are selected close to each other to accommodate rating guns coupled to each other. 60 the perforating position . Similarly , a longer hydraulic frac turing stage may comprise multiple perforating positions so Preferred Embodiment System Block Diagram that the RSM locations are selected as far to each other to (0300 , 0400 ) accommodate the multiple perforating positions. Shorter and longer hydraulic fracturing positions may be determined The present invention may be seen in more detail as 65 based on the specific information of hydrocarbon formation generally illustrated in FIG . 3 ( 0300 ) and FIG . 3a (0320 ) , (0302 ) . A mudlog analyzes the mud during drilling opera wherein a wellbore casing (0304 ) is installed inside a tions for hydrocarbon information at locations in the well US 9 ,752 , 406 B2 15 16 bore . Prevailing mudlog conditions may be monitored to deployed and the stage (0522 ) is hydraulically fractured . The dynamically change the desired location of RSM (0303 ). WST and the perforating GSA are removed for further The WSTmay create a conforming seating surface (CSS ) operations . Thereafter, RSM (0512 ) is set and sealed by (0306 ) within RSM (0303 ) . The WST may form a beveled WST followed by a perforation operation. Another RPE edge on the production end (heel end ) of the RSM ( 0303 ) by 5 (0502 ) is deployed to seat in RSM (0512 ) to form hydraulic constricting the inner diameter region of RSM ( 0303 ) to fracturing zone (0521 ) . Thereafter the stage (0521 ) is create the CSS (0306 ) . The inner surface of the CSS (0306 ) hydraulically fracturing. Similarly , hydraulic fracturing zone could be formed such that it seats and retains a restriction (0520 ) is created and hydraulically fractured . plug element (RPE ) (0305 ) . The diameter of the RPE ( 0305 ) According to one aspect of a preferred exemplary is chosen such that it is less than the outer diameter and 10 om greater than the inner diameter of RSM (0303 ) . The CSS embodiment, RSMsmay be set by WST at desired locations (0306 ) and RPE (0305 ) may be complementary shaped such to enable RPEs to create multiple hydraulic fracturing zones that RPE ( 0305 ) seats against CSS ( 0306 ) . For example , in the wellbore casing. The hydraulic fracturing zones may RPE ( 0306 ) may be spherically shaped and the CSS (0306 ) be equally spaced or unevenly spaced depending on well may be beveled shaped to enable RPE (0305 ) to seat in CSSSS 15 bore conditions or hydrocarbon formation locations . ( 0306 when a differential pressure is applied . The RPE According to another preferred exemplary embodiment, ( 0305 ) may pressure lock against CSS ( 0306 ) when differ RPEs are locked in place due to pressure differential estab ential pressure is applied i . e . , when the pressure upstream lished across RSMs. For example , RPE (0502 ) is locked in (production or heel end ) of the RSM (0303 ) location is the seat of RSM ( 0512 ) due to a positive pressure differential greater than the pressure downstream ( injection or toe end ) 20 established across RSM ( 0512 ) i .e ., pressure upstream (hy of the RSM (0303 ) . The differential pressure established draulic fracturing stages 0520 , 0521 and stages towards heel across the RSM (0303 ) locks RPE ( 0305 ) in place isolating of the wellbore casing) is greater than pressure downstream downstream ( injection or toe end ) fluid communication . (hydraulic fracturing stages 0522 , 0523 and stages towards According to one preferred exemplary embodiment, RPE toe of the wellbore casing ). ( 0305 ) seated in CSS ( 0306 ) isolates a zone to enable 25 According a further preferred exemplary embodiment, hydraulic fracturing operations to be performed in the zone RPES ( 0501, 0502, 0503 ) may degrade over time , flowed without affecting downstream ( injection or toe end ) hydrau - back by pumping, or flowed into the wellbore , after comple lic fracturing stages . The RPE (0305 ) may also be config - tion of all stages in the wellbore , eliminating the need for ured in other shapes such as a plug , dart or a cylinder. It additional milling operations . should be noted that one skilled in the art would appreciate 30 According a further preferred exemplary embodiment the that any other shapes conforming to the seating surface may R PE ' s may change shape or strength such that they may pass be used for RPEs to achieve similar isolation affect as through a RSM in either the production ( heel end ) or described above . injection direction ( toe end ) . For example RPE (0512 ) may According to another preferred exemplary embodiment, degrade and change shape such it may pass through RSM RPE (0305 ) may seat directly in RSM (0303 ) without the 35 (0511 ) in the production direction or RSM (0513 ) in the need for a CSS ( 0306 ) . In this context, RPE ( 0305 ) may lock injection direction . The RPEs may also be degraded such against the vertical edges of the RSM ( 0303 ) which may that they are in between the RSMs of current stage and a necessitate a larger diameter RPE (0305 ) . previous stage restricting fluid communication towards the According to yet another preferred exemplary embodi- injection end ( toe end ) but enabling fluid flow in the pro ment, RPE (0305 ) may degrade over time in the well fluids 40 duction direction (heel end ) . For example , RPE (0502 ) may eliminating the need to be removed before production . The degrade such it is seated against the injection end toe end ) RPE ( 0305 ) degradation may also be accelerated by acidic of RSM (0511 ) that may have flow channels . Flow channels components of hydraulic fracturing fluids or wellbore fluids , in the RSM are further described below in FIG . 32 ( 3200 ) thereby reducing the diameter of RPE (0305 ) enabling it to and FIG . 34 (3400 ). flow out ( pumped out) of the wellbore casing or flow back 45 According to yet another preferred exemplary embodi (pumped back ) to the surface before production phase ment, inner diameters of RSMS ( 0511 , 0512 , 0513 ) may be commences . the same and large enough to allow unrestricted fluid flow In another preferred exemplary embodiment, RPE (0305 ) during well production operations . The RSMs ( 0511 , 0512 , may be made of a metallic material, non -metallic material, 0513 ) may further degrade in well fluids to provide an even a carbide material, or any other commercially available 50 larger diameter comparable to the inner diameter of the well material. casing (0504 ) allowing enhanced fluid flow during well production . The degradation could be accelerated by acids in Preferred Embodiment Multistage System Diagram the hydraulic fracturing fluids . (von 0500 ) 55 Preferred Exemplary Restriction Plug Elements The present invention may be seen in more detail as (RPE ) generally illustrated in FIG . 5 ( 0500 ) , wherein a wellbore casing (0504 ) is shown after hydraulic fracturing is per - It should be noted that some of the material and designs formed in multiple stages ( fracture intervals ) according to a of the RPE described below may not be limited and should method described herewith below in FIG . 6 (0600 ) . A 60 not be construed as a limitation . This basic RPE design and plurality of stages ( 0520 , 0521 , 0522 , 0523 ) are created by materials may be augmented with a variety of ancillary setting RSMs (0511 , 0512 , 0513 ) at desired positions fol- embodiments , including but not limited to : lowed by isolating each stage successively with restriction Made of multi layered materials , where at least one layer plug elements RPES (0501 , 0502 , 0503) . A RSM (0513 ) may of the material melts or deforms at temperature allow be set by a WST followed by positioning a perforating gun 65 ing the size or shape to change . string assembly (GSA ) in hydraulic fracturing zone (0522 ) May be a solid core with an outer layer of meltable and perforating the interval. Subsequently , RPE ( 0503 ) is material. US 9 , 752, 406 B2 17 18 May or may not have another outer layer , such as a rubber ( 9 ) enabling fluid flow in the production ( heel end ) coating . direction ; fluid flow may been enabled through flow May be a single material, non -degradable . channels designed in the RSM while the RPEs are positioned in between the RSMs; fluid flow may also be Outer layer may or may not have holes in it, such that an been enabled through flow channels designed in the inner layer could melt and liquid may escape . 5 RPES and RSMs; alternatively RPEs may also be Passage ways through them which are filled with melt removed from the wellbore casing or the RPEs could be able , degradable , or dissolving materials . flowed back to surface , pumped into the wellbore , or Use of downhole temperature and pressure , which change degraded in the presence of wellbore fluids or acid during the stimulation and subsequent well warm up to (0609 ) ; and change the shape of barriers with laminated multilay - 10 ( 10 ) commencing oil and gas production from all the ered materials . hydraulically fractured stages ( 0610 ) . Use of a solid core that is degradable or erodible . Preferred Embodiment Side View Cylindrical Use of acid soluble alloy balls . Restriction Plug System Block Diagram ( 0700 , Use of water dissolvable polymer frac balls . 15 Use of poly glycolic acid balls . 0800 ) One preferred embodiment may be seen in more detail as Preferred Exemplary Wellbore Plug Isolation generally illustrated in FIG . 7 (0700 ) and FIG . 8 ( 0800 ) , Flowchart Embodiment ( 0600 ) wherein a cylindrical restrictive plug element (0702 ) is 20 seated in CSS ( 0704 ) to provide downstream pressure iso As generally seen in the flow chart of FIG . 6 (0600 ) , a lation . A wellbore casing (0701 ) is installed in a hydrocarbon preferred exemplary wellbore plug isolation method may be formation . A wellbore setting tool may set RSM ( 0703 ) at a generally described in terms of the following steps: desired location and seal it against the inside surface of the ( 1) installing the wellbore casing (0601 ) ; wellbore casing ( 0701 ) . The WST may form a CSS (0704 ) ( 2 ) deploying the WST along with the RSM to a desired 25 in the RSM (0703 ) as described by foregoing method described in FIG . 6 (0600 ). According to one preferred wellbore location in the wellbore casing along with a exemplary embodiment , a cylindrical shaped restrictive plug perforating gun string assembly (GSA ); the WST could element (RPE ) (0702 ) may be deployed into the wellbore be deployed by wireline , coil tube, or tubing - conveyed casing to seat in CSS (0704 ) . perforating ( TCP ) (0602 ) ; the perforating GSA may The diameter of the RPE (0702 ) is chosen such that it is comprise plural perforating guns ; less than the outer diameter and greater than the inner ( 3 ) setting the RSM at the desired wellbore location with diameter of RSM (0703 ). The CSS (0704 ) and RPE (0702 ) the WST; the WST could set RSM with a power charge may be complementary shaped such that RPE (0702 ) seats or pressure (0603 ) ; The power charge generates pres against CSS (0704 ) . For example , RPE (0702 ) may be sure inside the setting tool that sets the RSM ; the RSM cylindrically shaped and CSS ( 0704 ) may be beveled shaped may or may not have a conforming seating surface 35 to enable RPE ( 0702 ) to seat in CSS (0704 ) when a (CSS ) ; the CSS may be machined or formed by the differential pressure is applied . The RPE (0702 ) may pres WST at the desired wellbore location ; sure lock against CSS (0704 ) when differential pressure is ( 4 ) perforating hydrocarbon formation with the perforat - applied . ing GSA ; the perforating GSA may perforate one It should be noted that, if a CSS is not present in the RSM interval at a time followed by pulling the GSA and 40 (0703 ) or not formed by the WST, the cylindrical RPE perforating the next interval in the stage ; the perfora - (0702 ) may directly seat against the edges of the RSM tion operation is continued until all the intervals in the (0703 ) . stage are completed ; ( 5 ) removing the WST and the perforating GSA from the Preferred Embodiment Side View Dart Restriction wellbore casing ; the WST could be removed by wire- 45 Plug System Block Diagram (0900 - 1020 ) line , coil tube , or TCP ( 0605 ) ; ( 6 ) deploying the RPE to seat in the RSM isolating fluid Yet another preferred embodiment may be seen in more communication between upstream (heel or production detail as generally illustrated in FIG . 9 (0900 ), FIG . 10 end ) of the RSM and downstream ( toe or injection end ) ( 1000 ) , FIG . 10a ( 1010 ) , and FIG . 10b ( 1020 ) wherein a dart of the RSM and creating a hydraulic fracturing stage ; 50 shaped restrictive plug element ( 0902 ) is seated in CSS RPE may be pumped from the surface , deployed by ( 0904 ) to provide pressure isolation . According to a similar gravity , or set by a tool; If a CSS is present in the RSM , process described above in FIG . 7 , RPE ( 0902 ) is used to the RPE may be seated in the CSS ; RPE and CSS isolate and create fracture zones to enable perforation and complementary shapes enable RPE to seat into the hydraulic fracturing operations in the fracture zones . As CSS ; positive differential pressure may enable RPE to 55 shown in the perspective views of the dart RPE in FIG . 10a be driven and locked into the CSS (0606 ) ; ( 1010 ) and FIG . 10b ( 1020 ) , the dart RPE is complemen ( 7 ) fracturing the hydraulic fracturing stage; by pumping tarily shaped to be seated in the RSM . The dart RPE (0902 ) hydraulic fracturing fluid at high pressure to create is designed such that the fingers of the RPE (0902 ) are pathways in hydrocarbon formations ( 0607 ) ; compressed during production enabling fluid flow in the ( 8 ) checking if all hydraulic fracturing stages in the 60 production direction . wellbore casing have been completed , if not so , pro ceeding to step ( 0602 ) ; prepare to deploy the WST to Preferred Embodiment Side Cross Section View of a different wellbore location towards the heel end of the a Restriction Sleeve Member System Block already fractured stage ; hydraulic fracturing stages may Diagram ( 1100 , 1200 ) be determined by the length of the casing installed in 65 the hydrocarbon formation ; if all stages have been One preferred embodiment may be seen in more detail as fractured proceed to step (0609 ), (0608 ); generally illustrated in FIG . 11 ( 1100 ) and FIG . 12 ( 1200 ) , US 9 ,752 , 406 B2 20 wherein a restrictive sleeve member RSM ( 1104 ) is sealed embodiment, a wellbore setting tool (WST ) may be seen in against the inner surface of a wellbore casing ( 1101 ) with a more detail as generally illustrated in FIG . 20 ( 2000 ) . A plurality of gripping/ sealing elements ( 1103) . Gripping ele WST -RSM sleeve adapter (2001 ) holds the RSM (2008 ) in ments may be elastomers , carbide buttons, or wicker forms. place until it reaches the desired location down hole . After After a wellbore casing ( 1101 ) is installed , a wellbore setting 5 the RSM (2008 ) is at the desired location the WST -RSM tool may be deployed along with RSM (1104 ) to a desired sleeve adapter ( 2001 ) facilitates a reactionary force to wellbore location . The WST may then compress the RSM ( 1104 ) to form plural inner profiles ( 1105 ) on the inside engage the RSM ( 2008 ) . When the WST (2002 ) is actuated , surface of the RSM ( 1104 ) at the desired location . In one a RSM swaging member and plug seat (2005 ) provides the preferred exemplary embodiment, the inner profiles ( 1105 ) . axial force to swage an expanding sleeve ( 2004 ) outward . A may be formed prior to deploying to the desired wellbore 10 RSM - ICD expanding sleeve (2004 ) hoops outward to create location . The compressive stress component in the inner a sealing surface between the RSM ( 2008 ) and inner casing profiles ( 1104 ) may aid in sealing the RSM ( 1104 ) to the diameter ( ICD ) ( 2009 ) . After the WST (2002 ) actuation is inner surface of a wellbore casing (1101 ). A plurality of complete , it may hold the RSM ( 2008 ) to the ICD ( 2009 ) by gripping /sealing elements ( 1103) may be used to further means of sealing force and potential use of other traction strengthen the seal ( 1106 ) to prevent substantial axial or 1515 adding devices such as carbide buttons or wicker forms. The longitudinal movement of RSM ( 1104 ) . The gripping ele WST- RSM piston (2006 ) transmits the actuation force from ments ( 1103 ) may be an elastomer, carbide buttons , or the WST ( 2002 ) to the RSM ( 2008 ) by means of a shear set, wicker forms that can tightly grip against the inner surface which may be in the form of a machined ring or shear pins . of the wellbore casing ( 1101) . The seal (1106 ) may be The connecting rod ( 2003 ) holds the entire assembly formed by plural inner profiles ( 1104 ), plural gripping 20 together during the setting process . During activation , the elements ( 1103 ) , or a combination of inner profiles ( 1104 ) connecting rod (2003 ) may transmit the setting force from and gripping elements ( 1103 ) . Subsequently , the WST may the WST ( 2002 ) to the WST piston ( 2006 ) . FIG . 21 ( 2100 ) form a CSS ( 1106 ) and seat a RPE (1102 ) to create down and FIG . 22 ( 2200 ) show perspective views of the WST stream isolation ( toe end ) as described by the foregoing (2002 ) in more detail . method in FIG . 6 ( 0600 ) . 25 Preferred Embodiment Wellbore Plug Isolation Sys Preferred Embodiment Side Cross Section View of tem Block Diagram (2300 - 3100 ) Inner and Outer Profiles of a Restriction Sleeve As generally seen in the aforementioned flow chart of Member System Block Diagram ( 1300 - 1700 ) FIG . 6 ( 0600 ) , the steps implemented for wellbore plug Yet another preferred embodiment may be seen in more 30 isolation are illustrated in FIG . 23 ( 2300 ) -FIG . 31 ( 3100 ) . detail as generally illustrated in FIG . 13 ( 1300 ) , wherein a As described above in steps (0601 ) , (0602 ) , and (0603 ) restrictive sleeve member RSM ( 1304 ) is sealed against the FIG . 23 ( 2300 ) shows a wellbore setting tool ( WST) ( 2301) inner surface of a wellbore casing ( 1301 ) . After a wellbore setting a restriction sleeve member (2303 ) on the inside casing ( 1301 ) is installed , a wellbore setting tool may be surface of a wellbore casing ( 2302 ) . The WST ( 2301 ) may deployed along with RSM ( 1304 ) to a desired wellbore za create a conforming seating surface (CSS ) in the RSM location . The WST may then compress the RSM ( 1304 ) to (2303 ) or the CSS may be pre -machined . A wireline ( 2304 ) form plural inner profiles (1305 ) on the inside surface of the or TCP may be used to pump WST (2301 ) to a desired RSM ( 1304 ) and plural outer profiles ( 1303 ) on the outside location in the wellbore casing (2302 ). FIG . 24 ( 2400 ) preferredsurface of exemplary the RSM embodiment( 1304 ) at the, thedesired inner location profiles . (In 1305 one ) shows a detailed view of setting the RSM (2303 ) at a desired and outer profiles ( 1303 ) may be formed prior to deploying 40 FIG . 25 ( 2500 ) illustrates the stage perforated with per to the desired wellbore location . The compressive stress component in the inner profiles ( 1304 ) and outer profiles forating guns after setting the RSM ( 2303 ) and removing ( 1303 ) may aid in sealing the RSM ( 1304 ) to the inner WST ( 2301 ) as aforementioned in steps ( 0604 ) and ( 0605 ) . surface of a wellbore casing ( 1301) . The outer profiles FIG . 26 ( 2600 ) illustrates a restriction plug element (RPE ) ( 1303 ) may directly contact the inner surface of the wellbore ( 2601) deployed into the wellbore casing as described in casing at plural points of the protruded profiles to provide a 45 step ( 0606 ) . The RPE ( 2601 ) may seat in the conforming seal ( 1306 ) and prevent axial or longitudinal movement of seating surface in RSM ( 2303 ) or directly in the RSM if the the RSM ( 1304 ). CSS is not present. After the RPE ( 2601 ) is seated , the stage Similarly , FIG . 15 ( 1500 ) illustrates a wireline setting tool is isolated from toe end pressure communication . The iso creating inner and outer profiles in restriction sleeve mem lated stage is hydraulically fractured as described in step bers for sealing against the inner surface of the wellbore 50 (0607 ) . FIG . 27 ( 2700 ) shows details of RPE ( 2601 ) casing . FIG . 16 illustrates a detailed cross section view of a deployed into the wellbore casing . FIG . 28 ( 2800 ) shows WST ( 1603 ) that forms an inner profile ( 1604 ) in a RSM details of RPE ( 2601 ) seated in RSM ( 2303 ) . ( 1602 ) to form a seal (1605 ) against the inner surface of FIG . 29 ( 2900 ) illustrates a WST (2301 ) setting another wellbore casing ( 1601 ). Likewise , FIG . 17 ( 1700 ) illustrates RSM ( 2903 ) at another desired location towards heel of the a detailed cross section view of a WST ( 1703 ) that forms an s RSM ( 2303 ) . Another RPE ( 2901 ) is deployed to seat in the inner profile ( 1704 ) and an outer profile ( 1706 ) in a RSM R SM ( 2903 ) . The RPE ( 2901 ) isolates another stage toe ( 1702 ) to form a seal ( 1705 ) against the inner surface of ward of the aforementioned isolated stage . The isolated wellbore casing ( 1701 ) . According to a preferred exemplary stage is fractured with hydraulic fracturing fluids . FIG . 30 embodiment, inner and outer profiles in a RSM forms a seal ( 3000 ) shows a detailed cross section view of WST ( 2301 ) against an inner surface of the wellbore casing preventing setting RSM ( 2903 ) at a desired location . FIG . 31 (3100 ) substantial axial and longitudinal movement of the RSM 60 shows a detailed cross section view of an RPE ( 2901 ) seated during perforation and hydraulic fracturing process. in RSM ( 2903 ) . When all the stages are complete as described in (0608 ) the RPEs may remain in between the Preferred Embodiment Wellbore Setting Tool RSMs or flowed back or pumped into the wellbore (0609 ) . (WST ) System Block Diagram (1800 - 2200 ) According to a preferred exemplary embodiment, the RPE ' S 65 and RSM ' s are degradable which enables larger inner diam FIG . 18 (1800 ) and FIG . 19 ( 1900 ) show a front cross eter to efficiently pump oil and gas without restrictions and section view of a WST. According to a preferred exemplary obstructions . US 9 , 752, 406 B2 21 22 Preferred Embodiment Restriction Sleeve Member The WST (3830 ) sets RSM (4004 ) at 3 locations (4001 ), ( RSM ) with Flow Channels Block Diagram (3200 (4002 ), and (4003 ) . According to a preferred exemplary 3400 ) embodiment, WST sets or seals RSM at multiple locations to prevent substantial axial or longitudinal movement of the A further preferred embodiment may be seen in more 5 RSM . It should be noted that single , double and triple sets detail as generally illustrated in FIG . 32 ( 3200 ) , FIG . 33 have been shown for illustrations purposes only and should ( 3300 ) and FIG . 34 ( 3400 ) , wherein a restrictive sleeve not be construed as a limitation . The WST could set or seal member RSM ( 3306 ) comprising flow channels (3301 ) is set RSM at multiple locations and not limited to single , double , inside a wellbore casing ( 3305 ) . A conforming seating or triple set as aforementioned . An isometric view of the surface (CSS ) ( 3303 ) may be formed in the RSM ( 3306 ) . 10 triple set can be seen in FIG . 41 (4100 ) . The flow channels ( 3301 ) are designed in RSM ( 3306 ) to enable fluid flow during oil and gas production . The flow Preferred Embodiment Restriction Sleeve Member channels provide a fluid path in the production direction Polished Bore Receptacle (PBR ) when restriction plug elements (RPE ) degrade but are not removed after all stages are hydraulically fractured as afore - 15 According to a preferred exemplary embodiment, the mentioned in FIG . 0600 ) step ( 0609 ) . The channels ( 3301 ) restricted sleeve member could still be configured with or are designed such that there is unrestricted fluid flow in the without a CSS . The inner sleeve surface ( ISS ) of the RSM production direction (heel ward ) while the RPEs block fluid may be made of a polished bore receptacle (PBR ). Instead communication in the injection direction ( toe ward ) . Leav of an independently pumped down RPE , however , a sealing ing the RPEs in place provides a distinct advantage over thethe 20 device could be deployed on a wireline or as part of a tubular prior art where a milling operation is required to mill out frac string . The sealing device could then seal with sealing plugs that are positioned to isolate stages . According to yet another preferred embodiment, the elements within the restricted diameter of the internal sleeve RSMs may be designed with fingers on either end to surface ( ISS ) , but not in the ICS surface . PBR surface within facilitate milling operation , if needed . Toe end fingers ( 3302 ) the ISS provides a distinct advantage of selectively sealing and heel end fingers (3304 ) may be designed on the toe end 25 RSM at desired wellbore locations to perform treatment or and heel end the RSM (3306 ) respectively . In the context of re- treatment operations between the sealed locations, well a milling operation , the toe end fingers may be pushed production test , or test for casing integrity. towards the heel end fingers of the next RSM ( toe ward ) such that the fingers are intertwined and interlocked . Sub Preferred Embodiment Restriction Plug Element sequently , all the RSMs may be interlocked with each other 30 First Composition Materials finally eventually mill out in one operation as compared to the current method of milling each RSM separately . The RPEs of the present invention are designed for strength , rigidity and hardness sufficient to withstand the Preferred Embodiment Wellbore Setting Tool high pressure differentials required during well stimulation , (WST ) System Double Set Block Diagram ( 3500 - 35 which typically range from about 1 ,000 pounds per square 3700 ) inch ( psi) to about 10 , 000 psi. According to certain embodi ments , the RPE of the present invention is formed of a As generally illustrated in FIG . 35 ( 3500 ), FIG . 36 ( 3600 ) material or combination of materials having sufficient and FIG . 37 ( 3700 ) a wellbore setting tool sets or seals on strength , rigidity and hardness at a temperature of from both sides of a restriction sleeve member (RSM ) (3601 ) on 10 about 1500 E . to about 3500 E . from about 150° F . to about the inner surface ( 3604 ) of a wellbore casing . In this context the WST swags the RSM on both sides (double set) and sets 220° F . or from about 150° F . to about 200° F . to seat in the it to the inside surface of the wellbore casing. On one end of RSM and then withstand deformation under the high pres the RSM ( 3601 ) , a RSM - ICD expanding sleeve in the WST sure ranging from about 1 ,000 psi to about 10 , 000 psi may hoop outward to create a sealing surface between the associated with hydraulic fracturing processes . The materi RSM ( 3601 ) and inner casing diameter ( ICS ) ( 3604 ). On the 45 als selected for first composition deform enough to allow a other side of the RSM (3601 ) , when WST actuation is second composition to exit through a passage when the complete , the WST may hold the RSM ( 3601 ) to the ICS second composition changes phase or loses strength upon ( 3604 ) by means of sealing force and potential use of other exposure to wellbore temperature or fracturing fluids. traction adding gripping devices ( 3603 ) such as elastomers , One class of useful materials for the first composition is carbide buttons or wicker forms. 50 elastomers . “ Elastomer" as used herein is a generic term for According to a preferred exemplary embodiment, a substances emulating natural rubber in that they stretch double set option is provided with a WST to seal one end of under tension , have a high tensile strength , retract rapidly , the RSM directly to the inner surface of the wellbore casing and substantially recover their original dimensions . The while the other end is sealed with a gripping element to term includes natural and man - made elastomers , and the prevent substantial axial and longitudinal movement. 65 elastomer may be a thermoplastic elastomer or a non thermoplastic elastomer . The term includes blends (physical Preferred Embodiment Wellbore Setting Tool mixtures ) of elastomers , as well as copolymers , terpolymers , (WST ) System Multiple Set Block Diagram ( 3800 and multi- polymers. Useful elastomers may also include one 4100 ) or more additives , fillers , plasticizers , and the like. Other materials may non - degradable group that includes G - 10 As generally illustrated in FIG . 38 ( 3800 ), FIG . 39 ( 3900 ), 60 (glass reinforced Epoxy Laminate ), FR4 , PEEK ( Injection FIG . 40 ( 4000 ) , and FIG . 41 (4100 ) a wellbore setting tool Molded ) , Nylon GF, Torlon , Steel, Aluminum , Stainless sets or seals RSM at multiple locations. FIG . 38 (3800 ) Steel, Nylon MF, Nylon GF, Magnesium Alloy ( without shows a WST ( 3810 ) that may set or seal RSM at single HCL ) , Ceramic , Cast Iron , Thermoset Plastics, and Elasto location ( single set) , a WST ( 3820 ) that may set or seal RSM mers ( rubber, nitrile , niton , silicone, etc . ) . The first compo at double locations (double set ), or a WST ( 3830 ) that may 65 sition may also include materials from a long term degrad set or seal RSM 3 locations ( triple set) . A more detail able group that includes PGA (polyglycolic acid ) and illustration of WST ( 3830 ) may be seen in FIG . 40 ( 4000 ) . Magnesium Alloy (with HCL ) . US 9 , 752, 406 B2 23 24 Preferred Embodiment Restriction Plug Element TABLE 2. 0 Second Composition Materials ( Alloys Composition in weight % ) According to a preferred exemplary embodiment, the second composition may change phase , when exposed to the 5 Melting Yield wellbore temperature conditions, in a controlled fashion . CS Alloys Range Temperature The second composition may comprise a solid , a liquid , or Name Bi Pb Sn Cd In (F . ) (F .) a gas . The second composition may melt to change phase from solid to liquid , may change phase from solid to gas, or Low 117 44 ..7 7 22226 .6 ez8 . 3 5 .3 19 . 1 117 - 117 117 may vaporize to change phase from liquid to gas. The second 10 Low 136 49 18 12 21 136 - 136 136 composition may also be selected from materials that change Low 140 47. 5 25. 4 12. 6 9 .5 5 134 - 144 140 a physical property such as strength or elasticity upon Low 147 48 25 .63 12. 77 9 . 6 4 142 - 149 147 exposure to wellbore fluids or fracturing fluids. Table 2 . 0 as Bend 158 50 26 .7 13. 3 10 - 158 - 158 158 generally illustrated below , shows a yield temperature for Safe 165 42. 5 37 .7 11. 3 8 .5 - 160 - 190 165 individual alloy that change strength above the yield tem - 15 Low 174 57 - 17 - 174 - 174 174 perature . The alloys in Table 2 . 0 are a combination of weight Shield 52 . 5 32 15 . 5 203 - 203 203 percentages as shown in individual columns. The first com 203 position may control the rate of phase change in the second Base 255 55 . 5 44 . 5 255 - 255 255 composition . The second composition in the RPE may be Tru 281 58 281 - 281 281 tailored to the temperature profile of the wellbore condi - 20 Cast 302 40 - TS60 - 281 -338 302 tions . The second composition may comprise a eutectic alloy , a metal , a non -metal , and combinations thereof . Eutec tic alloys have two or more materials and have a eutectic Materials which transform from solid to gas ( sublima composition . When a well -mixed , eutectic alloy melts tion ) , or are solid only at high pressures and low tempera ( changes phase ) , it does so at a single , sharp temperature . 25 tures may also be selected as shown below in Table 3 . 0 . For The eutectic alloys may be selected from the list shown in example , balls of Dry Ice (Solid Carbon Dioxide ) would Table 1 .0 . As generally shown in Table 1 .0 , the eutectic need to be kept at temperature below the specified melting alloys may have a melting point ( The temperature at which point prior to use as a second composition material. a solid changes state from solid to liquid at atmospheric pressure ) range from 150° F . to 350° F . Eutectic or Non - 30 TABLE 3 . 0 Eutectic metals with designed melting points may be com binations of Bismuth , Lead , Tin , Cadmium , Thallium , Gal Melting lium , Antimony, also fusible alloys as shown below in Table Composition in Weight % Point Eutectic 1. 0 and Table 2 .0 . Cs 73 .71 , K 22 .14 , Na 4 .14 [ 2 ] - 78O . 2 yes Thermoplastics with low melting points such as Acrylic , 35 Hg 91 . 5 , T1 8 . 5 - 58 yes Hg 100 - 38 . 8 ( yes) Nylon , Polybenzimidazole , Polyethylene, Polypropylene, Cs 77 . 0 , K 23 . 0 - 37 , 5 Polystyrene , Polyvinyl Chloride, Teflon may also function Ga 68 . 5 , In 21 . 5 , Sn 10 - 19 no K 76 . 7 , Na 23. 3 - 12. 7 yes as a second composition material that change phase or K 78 . 0 , Na 22 . 0 - 11 no change physical property such as strength or elasticity . Ga 61 , In 25 , Sn 13 , Zn 1 8 . 5 yes These thermoplastics, when reinforced with glass or carbon 40 Ga 62 .5 , In 21. 5 , Sn 16 . 0 10 . 7 yes fiber may initially create stronger materials that change Ga 69 . 8 , In 17 . 6 , Sn 12 . 5 10 . 8 no physical property such as strength or elasticity upon expo Ga 75 . 5 , In 24 . 5 15 . 7 yes sure to temperatures in the wellbore or fracturing fluids. TABLE 1. 0 ( Alloys Composition in weight % ) Melting Alloy point Eutectic Bi Pb Sn In Cd T1 Ga Sb Rose ' s metal 98° C . no 50 25 25 ( 208° F . ) Cerrosafe 74° C . no 42 . 5 37 . 7 11 . 3 Il ( 165° F .) Wood ' s 70° C . yes 50 26 . 7 13. 3 metal (158° F .) Field 's metal 62° C . yes 3232. . 5 - 16 .5 51 ( 144° F . ) Cerrolow 136 58° C . yes 49 18 12 21 l ( 136° F .) Cerrolow 117 47 .2° C . yes 44 . 7 22 . 6 8 .3 19 . 1 5 . 3 ( 117° F .) Bi- Pb - Sn - Cd — In — T1 41. 5° C . yes 40. 3 22 .2 10 . 7 17 .7 8. 1 0. 01 – – ( 107° F . ) IIIIII Galinstan - 19° C . yes < 1 . 5 9 . 5 - 10 . 5 21- 22 68 - 69 < 1 . 5 ( - 2° F .) US 9 , 752, 406 B2 25 26 Preferred Embodiment Restriction Plug Element shaped second composition ( 7402 ) . The hollow / solid dart with a First Composition Surrounding Second shaped second composition ( 7402 ) may change phase , Composition (4200 -4300 ) strength or elasticity , thereby deforming/ collapsing the dart RPE . A cross section of the present invention may be seen in 5 According to yet another preferred exemplary embodi more detail as generally illustrated in FIG . 42 ( 4200 ) , ment, the RPE is shaped as a sphere , a cylinder or a dart. The wherein a restriction plug element (RPE ) comprises a first first composition (4301 ) is shaped in the form of a sphere composition ( 4201 ) that is in direct contact with a second surrounding a solid core spherical shaped second composi composition (4202 ) . The first composition (4201 ) surrounds tion (4302 ) . Likewise , the first composition ( 4301 ) may be a hollow second composition (4202 ). According to a pre - 10 shaped in the form of a cylinder surrounding a solid core ferred exemplary embodiment, the second composition cylindrical shaped second composition (4302 ) . changes phase , strength , or elasticity to deform the RPE , thereby shrinking its size . A reduced size RPE enables it to Preferred Embodiment Restriction Plug Element pass through a restriction sleeve member (RSM ) when with a First Composition Surrounding Second flowed or pumped back to the surface . The first composition 15 Composition with a Passage Way (4400 - 4600 ) ( 4201 ) and the second composition ( 4202 ) may be selected from a group of materials as aforementioned . The thickness A cross section of the present invention may be seen in of the hollow second composition is designed such that the more detail as generally illustrated in FIG . 44 (4400 ) , RPE has the strength , shape and integrity to sustain high wherein a restriction plug element (RPE ) comprises a first pressure conditions for the time period required to fracture 20 composition ( 4401 ) that is in direct contact with a second its assigned zone . In one embodiment, this time period is composition (4402 ) . The first composition (4401 ) surrounds approximately 10 to 12 hours . The thickness may also be a hollow second composition (4402 ). According to a pre selected such that volume shrinkage created by a phase , ferred exemplary embodiment, the second composition strength , or elasticity change in the second composition changes phase to deform the RPE thereby shrinking its size . ( 4202 ) is compensated by the hollow space in the second 25 The RPE further comprises a passage way (4403 ) to provide composition (4202 ) . a path for the second composition to change phase, strength , According to another preferred exemplary embodiment, and /or elasticity and exit the RPE . The passage way (4403 ) the second composition (4202 ) may change phase , strength , could be designed such that it orients downwards facing the or elasticity when exposed to the wellbore temperature inner surface of the wellbore casing . The downward orien conditions , in a controlled fashion . The first composition 30 tation may enable the second composition (4402 ) to exit the ( 4201) may control the rate of phase , strength , or elasticity RPE by means of gravity upon phase change . The second change in the second composition ( 4202 ). In one preferred composition may stay at the bottom of the wellbore casing exemplary embodiment, the first composition may be an during production without impeding production flow . Alter insulator such as ceramic , elastomer or plastic that surrounds natively , the debris created by the second composition the second composition and slows the rate at which the 35 (4402 ) may be flowed back . A perspective view of the RPE second composition changes phase . In another preferred is illustrated in FIG . 45 ( 4500 ) . exemplary embodiment, the first composition may be a Alternately , the second composition may exit the RPE by conductor such as steel, stainless steel, aluminum , and stress or pressure as illustrated in FIG . 46a (4600 ) . During copper that accelerates the rate of phase , strength , or elas production , pressure acts in the direction of production ticity change . The selection of second composition may 40 pushing the RPE towards the RSM in the production direc depend on the temperature profile of the well . tion . The second composition (4602 ) exits or squeezes out of In some wells that may be under higher temperature the RPE through the passage (4603 ) , thereby deforming the conditions than others , a higher melting point eutectic alloy RPE . This enables an increase in hydrocarbon fluid flow in may be used as a second composition in the RPE . According the production direction . Similarly , during fracturing opera to another preferred exemplary embodiment , the second 45 tion , pressure acts in the direction of injection on the RPE composition (4202 ) in the RPE may be tailored to adapt to that is seated in the RSM . The second composition ( 4612 ) the temperature profile of the wellbore conditions. Further exits or squeezes out of the RPE through the passage (4613 ) , more , the RPEs comprising second composition ( 4202 ) with thereby deforming the RPE . different melting point temperature materials may be used in higher or lower temperature fracturing stages of the wellbore 50 Preferred Embodiment Restriction Plug Element accordingly . For example , an RPE comprising a second with a Second Composition Surrounding First composition with a melting point greater than 150° F . may Composition ( 4700 -4800 ) be used in fracturing stage that has a wellbore temperature of 150° F . Similarly , an RPE comprising a second compo A cross section of the present invention may be seen in sition with a melting point of greater than 250° F . may be 55 more detail as generally illustrated in FIG . 47 ( 4700 ) , used in fracturing stage that has a wellbore temperature of wherein a restriction plug element (RPE ) comprises a sec 250° F . ond composition (4702 ) in direct contact with a first com According to another preferred exemplary embodiment, position (4701 ) . The second composition (4702 ) surrounds a the RPE is shaped as a sphere, a cylinder or a dart . The first hollow first composition (4701 ) . According to a preferred composition (4201 ) is shaped in the form of a sphere 60 exemplary embodiment , the second composition may surrounding a hollow spherical shaped second composition change phase (melt / vaporize ) to exit the RPE thereby reduc (4202 ). Likewise , the first composition (4201 ) may be ing the size of the RPE . For example , if the RPE is shaped shaped in the form of a cylinder surrounding a hollow as a sphere , the outer diameter of the RPE is reduced by the cylindrical shaped second composition (4202 ) . Similarly, amount of the thickness of the second composition (4702 ) . the RPE may be shaped in the form of a dart. The dart may 65 The thickness of the second composition (4702 ) may be have a property (Phase , strength , elasticity ) changeable first reduced to quickly change phase and exit , for example for composition fins (7401 ) attached to a hollow / solid dart RPEs toward the heel end or for quicker screen outs . The