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The Development of the Wireless Intelligent Network (WIN) and Its Relation to the International Intelligent Network Standards Igor Faynberg, Lawrence R

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The Development of the Wireless Intelligent Network (WIN) and Its Relation to the International Intelligent Network Standards Igor Faynberg, Lawrence R ♦ The Development of the Wireless Intelligent Network (WIN) and Its Relation to the International Intelligent Network Standards Igor Faynberg, Lawrence R. Gabuzda, Terry Jacobson, and Hui-Lan Lu This paper summarizes the current International Telecommunication Union - Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T) intelligent network (IN) standards in the context of the wireless intelligent network (WIN) and relevant parts of the ANSI-41 family of standards developed in the United States. In addition, this paper outlines the concepts on which the standardization of the IN support of wireless net- works should be developed internationally. The principal observation of the paper is that, while the mobile networks based on different standards are substantially dis- similar, it is still feasible to define one standard that would allow these dissimilar mobile networks to access the IN to provide telecommunications services globally and seamlessly. WIN sets the direction for such a standard. Introduction The intelligent network (IN) is an architectural • Service independence (meaning that a wide concept that enables the real-time execution of net- variety of services can be composed using a set work services and customer applications in a distrib- of common building blocks), uted environment consisting of interconnected • Separation of basic switching functions from computers and switching systems. Beginning in the service and application functions, and early 1980s, the IN was applied to the development of • Independence of applications from lower-level new services in wireline telephone networks. Notable communication details. successes were achieved in the United States long-dis- In the fast-growing world of wireless networks, IN tance telephone industry, where IN-based 800-num- platforms designed according to these principles are ber services and virtual private network (VPN) services now being applied to two fundamental needs: 1) The contributed strongly to growth in traffic and revenue. independence from physical network configuration Given the highly competitive nature of that industry and geography inherent in the IN has made it a nat- beginning in that period, IN platforms became key ural platform to support the basic mobility functions competitive weapons for the rapid development of dif- required in wireless mobile networks; and 2) Just as in ferentiating services. Also around this time, the local its earlier application to wireline networks, the IN’s exchange carrier industry developed advanced IN con- ability to support the rapid development and deploy- cepts and began to apply them to specialized service ment of differentiating services makes it a necessary development in local wireline networks. weapon in the arsenal of wireless carriers operating in Many of the desirable properties of the modern highly competitive environments. IN architecture are based on three major principles In the beginning, individual large carriers or of independence: industry segments (such as the Regional Bell Copyright 1997. Lucent Technologies Inc. All rights reserved. Bell Labs Technical Journal N Summer 1997 57 Panel 1. Abbreviations, Acronyms, and Terms ACF—authentication control function NAP—network access point ANSI—American National Standards Institute NE—network entity ASE—application service element NRM—network reference model BCM—basic call manager OA&M—operations, administration, and mainte- BCP—basic call process nance BCSM—basic call state model OSI—open systems interconnection BS—base station PCS—personal communications services CCAF—call control agent function PE—physical entity CCF—call control function POI—point of initiation CS—capability set POR—point of return CUSF—call unrelated service function RACF—radio access control function DFP—distributed functional plane RCF—radio control function DP—detection point R/N—request/notification EDP—event detection point ROSE—remote operation service element EIA—Electronic Industries Association RTF—radio terminal function FE—functional entity SCCP—signaling connection control part FIM—feature interaction manager SCEF—service creation environment function FSM—function state model SCF—service control function GFP—global functional plane SCP—service control point GSL—global service logic SCUAF—service control user agent function GSM—Global System for Mobile Communications SDF—service data function HLR—home location register SDL—systems description language IAF—intelligent access function SDP—service data point IF—information flow SIB—service independent building block IN—intelligent network SMAF—service management agent function INAP—intelligent network application protocol SME—short message entity INCM—intelligent network conceptual model SMF—service management function IP—intelligent peripheral SN—service node ISDN—integrated services digital network SRF—specialized resource function ISUP—integrated services digital network user part SS7—Signaling System 7 ITU—International Telecommunication Union SSCP—service switching and control point ITU-T—International Telecommunication Union - SSF—service switching function Telecommunication Standardization Sector SSP—service switching point LRF—location registration function TCAP—transaction capabilities application part LRFSM—location registration function state model TDP—trigger detection point MAP—mobile application part TIA—Telecommunications Industry Association MC—message center UPT—universal personal telecommunications MS—mobile station VPN—virtual private network MSC—mobile switching center WIN—wireless intelligent network Operating Companies under Bellcore’s technical lead- (CS-1), which was revised and reissued in 1995, pro- ership) specified their own IN systems, and there were vides only limited support to wireless services. no universally agreed upon standards. Then, an IN Capability set 2 (CS-2), a much richer and broader set standards project was initiated in the International of IN standards, is expected to be approved in Telecommunication Union (ITU) in 1989. The first set September 1997 and has provided a base for the of IN standards was approved by the World development of both the American National Standards Telecommunication Standardization Conference in Institute (ANSI) IN standard (by the Committee T1) March 1993. This set, known as IN capability set 1 and the wireless intelligent network (WIN) standard 58 Bell Labs Technical Journal ◆ Summer 1997 (by the Telecommunications Industry Association International Telecommunication Union - Telecom- [TIA]). The WIN provides the framework for the inte- munication Standardization Sector (ITU-T) CS-1 gration of the IN and previous work on wireless net- Recommendations1,2 in 1995, the ITU-T has finished works standards. the technical work on the draft IN CS-2 It should be noted that the wireless standardiza- Recommendations, which are scheduled to be tion had a different focus from the conventional IN approved in September 1997. The draft IN CS-2 trajectory. Whereas the focus of the IN standardization Recommendations also form the foundation of the work was on value-added services in the fixed net- ANSI IN standard,3 the technical work on which has works, the work on wireless networks was to assist been also finished. (A recent monograph4 provides a service providers and end users with the ability to detailed overview of the existing and emerging IN obtain telecommunications services regardless of their global and regional standards.) location and to be in motion while continually access- The work on WIN in the United States has pro- ing telecommunications services. To this end, the fam- gressed in parallel with that of CS-2 and the ANSI IN ily of network wireless standards, ANSI-41 (formerly standard, and it is positioned to influence IN CS-3, the known as IS-41), has been developed by the TIA based work on which has just started. Panel 2 summarizes on the rapid emergence of cellular and personal com- the ITU-T IN Recommendations. Panel 3 summarizes munications services (PCS) networks over the past the ANSI-41 Cellular Radiotelecommunications Intersystem decade. The ANSI-41 standards, which have been Operations standards. widely implemented in the United States and interna- These standards existed before the WIN work tionally, provide the base on which WIN has been started and recently were augmented in response to developed. (ANSI-41–based wireless networks are the WIN requirements. In addition, a draft standard, deployed in more than 85 countries.) In addition, WIN ANSI-41.7, Cellular Radiotelecommunications Intersystem has incorporated the most recent developments in IN Operations: Distributed Functional Plane, which defines standardization. WIN is now being positioned by the the distributed functional plane for WIN, is currently United States as the principal driver for the future under development. mobility standards in the ITU. In terms of the subject matter, it is relatively This paper presents the technical platform of the straightforward to observe the following similarities current international IN standardization, and it relates between the two sets of standards: WIN to that platform, describing the common parts as • ANSI-41.1 is parallel to ITU-T Recommendations well as similarities and differences. The concluding sec- Q.1201, Q.1205, Q.1215, and Q.1225, tion of this paper outlines the direction for achieving • ANSI-41.2, ANSI-41.3, and ANSI-41.7 are par- global interworking of mobile networks and the IN. allel to ITU-T Recommendations Q.1204, This direction
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