DOCSLIB.ORG

Brough Dissertation Final

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Brough Dissertation Final ABSTRACT FROM CHADHA TO CLINTON: THE SUPREME COURT IN LEGISLATIVE PROCESS-SEPARATION OF POWERS CASES Christopher B. Brough, Ph.D. Department of Political Science Northern Illinois University, 2018 J. Mitchell Pickerill, Director For nearly fifty years the U.S. Supreme Court’s agenda virtually excluded cases involving structural-separation of powers issues, and especially those surrounding the legislative process. But in the early 1980s structural-separation of powers issues where moved back onto the Court’s agenda, with the Court striking down federal legislation in INS v. Chadha (1983) and subsequent cases Bowsher v. Synar (1986) and Clinton v. New York (1998). This research illustrates the ways elected officials benefited from the Court’s reentry into separation of powers issues, and in fact, how members of Congress and executive officials invited the Court to decide the cases. While some scholars argue that the Court was exhibiting judicial independence in this line of cases, it was really acting in the interest, and with the support, of elected elites who had a range of reasons for accepting the Court’s authority in these cases. Over time, path dependent forces reinforced the Court’s role in this issue area, and political actors now routinely defer to the Court’s role in deciding these cases and accept its decisions. While these decisions do not seem to be explained by the ideology of the justices, they do fit a broader pattern of judicialization and jurisprudential regimes theory found by law and courts scholars. NORTHERN ILLINOIS UNIVERSITY DE KALB, ILLINOIS AUGUST 2018 FROM CHADHA TO CLINTON: THE SUPREME COURT IN LEGISLATIVE PROCESS-SEPARATION OF POWERS CASES BY CHRISTOPHER B. BROUGH ©2018 Christopher B. Brough A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY DEPARTMENT OF POLITICAL SCIENCE Doctoral Director: J. Mitchell Pickerill ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This work would not have been possible without the help and support of many individuals. To my dissertation committee chair and advisor, J. Mitchell Pickerill, thank you for always pushing to strengthen my research and for your constant encouragement over the last six years. You always knew when I needed a kick to get motivated. Your knowledge and expertise have had a profound influence on this dissertation and me as a scholar. I would also like to thank my entire committee for all of the constructive feedback and suggestions throughout this entire process: Artemus Ward, Scot Schraufnagel and Jasmine Farrier. Each of you helped shape this project in important ways. There are also a number of organizations and individuals who were vital to the completion of this dissertation: Vincent LoVoi, Nathan Gerth and the entire staff at the Carl Albert Center, Jody M. Brumage and the staff at the Robert C. Byrd Center, and John N. Jacob at the Lewis F. Powell, Jr. Archives. Additionally, I could not have completed this journey without the love and support of my wife, Li-Yin Liu. You did everything to make sure I only had to worry about finishing, and for that I am truly grateful and forever in your debt. It would have also been impossible to finish without the constant support of my Mom and Dad who helped me through all of the good, the bad and the difficult, and of my brother for helping me get away when I most needed it, whether that be a long hike or a concert. To my Taiwanese family, thank you for providing me a warm home in Taiwan. Damir Kovacevic, I could not imagine going through the last six years with anyone else. Gail Jacky, for all of the hours spent reading through the following pages with me. I iii think you have read this dissertation more than I have. To the Support Group, thank you for the great conversations and even better food. Last and certainly not least, Maxwell Brovacevic. You sat right by my side as I wrote every page of this dissertation and attacked anyone who came near me while my back was turned with my head buried in my computer screen. Thanks, little buddy. DEDICATION In loving memory of Nonnie TABLE OF CONTENTS Page LIST OF TABLES ....................................................................................................................vii LIST OF FIGURES ................................................................................................................ viii Chapter INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................................... 1 1. THEORY & RESEARCH DESIGN ........................................................................................ 7 Judicialization, Judicial Authority and Judicial Decision Making .......................................... 14 Supreme Court and Separation of Powers-Legislative Process Cases ..................................... 24 Case Selection and Methods .................................................................................................. 36 Conclusion ............................................................................................................................ 47 2. CHADHA AND AN EMERGING PATH .............................................................................. 48 Litigation over the Legislative Veto ...................................................................................... 50 Congress and the Legislative Veto ........................................................................................ 58 Presidents and the Legislative Veto ....................................................................................... 68 Law Reviews and the Legislative Veto .................................................................................. 72 Chadha at the Judiciary ......................................................................................................... 80 Discussion ............................................................................................................................. 90 3. MR. SYNAR GOES TO COURT ......................................................................................... 96 Gramm-Rudman-Hollings and the Anticipation of Litigation ................................................ 99 Debate and Development of Gramm-Rudman-Hollings ....................................................... 100 vi Chapter Page Vote and Passage of Gramm-Rudman-Hollings ................................................................... 116 Mr. Synar Goes to Court: Gramm-Rudman is Struck Down ................................................ 120 Argument by Congressman Synar and the National Treasury Employees Union .................. 127 Argument by the United States (Executive Branch) ............................................................. 129 Argument by the Comptroller General................................................................................. 131 Argument by the Speaker and Bipartisan Leadership Group, and the Senate........................ 131 Supreme Court Decision ..................................................................................................... 133 Discussion ........................................................................................................................... 138 Conclusion .......................................................................................................................... 145 4. A CONTINUED PATH: CLINTON V. NEW YORK ............................................................ 147 Congressional Debate over Line-Item Veto ......................................................................... 150 Line-Item Veto Act at the Judiciary ..................................................................................... 161 Raines v. Byrd ..................................................................................................................... 165 Clinton v. New York ............................................................................................................ 168 Discussion ........................................................................................................................... 175 5. CRITICAL JUNCTURES, PATH DEPENDENCE AND THE CHADHA REGIME ........... 178 Critical Juncture, Path Dependence and Judicialization ....................................................... 178 Chadha Jurisprudential Regimes ......................................................................................... 185 Implications ........................................................................................................................ 191 REFERENCES ....................................................................................................................... 195 LIST OF TABLES Table Page 1. Legislative Veto Cases in the Federal Judiciary ..................................................................... 51 2. Justices Votes in INS v Chadha (1983) ................................................................................ 189 3. Justices Votes in Bowsher v. Synar (1986) .......................................................................... 189 4. Justices Votes in Clinton v. New York (1998) ...................................................................... 190 LIST OF FIGURES Figure Page 1: Supreme Court separation of power cases, per decade ........................................................... 10 2: Critical juncture. ..................................................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Appendix File Anes 1988‐1992 Merged Senate File
    Version 03 Codebook ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ CODEBOOK APPENDIX FILE ANES 1988‐1992 MERGED SENATE FILE USER NOTE: Much of his file has been converted to electronic format via OCR scanning. As a result, the user is advised that some errors in character recognition may have resulted within the text. MASTER CODES: The following master codes follow in this order: PARTY‐CANDIDATE MASTER CODE CAMPAIGN ISSUES MASTER CODES CONGRESSIONAL LEADERSHIP CODE ELECTIVE OFFICE CODE RELIGIOUS PREFERENCE MASTER CODE SENATOR NAMES CODES CAMPAIGN MANAGERS AND POLLSTERS CAMPAIGN CONTENT CODES HOUSE CANDIDATES CANDIDATE CODES >> VII. MASTER CODES ‐ Survey Variables >> VII.A. Party/Candidate ('Likes/Dislikes') ? PARTY‐CANDIDATE MASTER CODE PARTY ONLY ‐‐ PEOPLE WITHIN PARTY 0001 Johnson 0002 Kennedy, John; JFK 0003 Kennedy, Robert; RFK 0004 Kennedy, Edward; "Ted" 0005 Kennedy, NA which 0006 Truman 0007 Roosevelt; "FDR" 0008 McGovern 0009 Carter 0010 Mondale 0011 McCarthy, Eugene 0012 Humphrey 0013 Muskie 0014 Dukakis, Michael 0015 Wallace 0016 Jackson, Jesse 0017 Clinton, Bill 0031 Eisenhower; Ike 0032 Nixon 0034 Rockefeller 0035 Reagan 0036 Ford 0037 Bush 0038 Connally 0039 Kissinger 0040 McCarthy, Joseph 0041 Buchanan, Pat 0051 Other national party figures (Senators, Congressman, etc.) 0052 Local party figures (city, state, etc.) 0053 Good/Young/Experienced leaders; like whole ticket 0054 Bad/Old/Inexperienced leaders; dislike whole ticket 0055 Reference to vice‐presidential candidate ? Make 0097 Other people within party reasons Card PARTY ONLY ‐‐ PARTY CHARACTERISTICS 0101 Traditional Democratic voter: always been a Democrat; just a Democrat; never been a Republican; just couldn't vote Republican 0102 Traditional Republican voter: always been a Republican; just a Republican; never been a Democrat; just couldn't vote Democratic 0111 Positive, personal, affective terms applied to party‐‐good/nice people; patriotic; etc.
    [Show full text]
  • The Potential for Presidential Leadership
    THE WHITE HOUSE TRANSITION PROJECT 1997-2021 Smoothing the Peaceful Transfer of Democratic Power Report 2021—08 THE POTENTIAL FOR PRESIDENTIAL LEADERSHIP George C. Edwards III, Texas A&M University White House Transition Project Smoothing the Peaceful Transfer of Democratic Power WHO WE ARE & WHAT WE DO The White House Transition Project. Begun in 1998, the White House Transition Project provides information about individual offices for staff coming into the White House to help streamline the process of transition from one administration to the next. A nonpartisan, nonprofit group, the WHTP brings together political science scholars who study the presidency and White House operations to write analytical pieces on relevant topics about presidential transitions, presidential appointments, and crisis management. Since its creation, it has participated in the 2001, 2005, 2009, 2013, 2017, and now the 2021. WHTP coordinates with government agencies and other non-profit groups, e.g., the US National Archives or the Partnership for Public Service. It also consults with foreign governments and organizations interested in improving governmental transitions, worldwide. See the project at http://whitehousetransitionproject.org The White House Transition Project produces a number of materials, including: . WHITE HOUSE OFFICE ESSAYS: Based on interviews with key personnel who have borne these unique responsibilities, including former White House Chiefs of Staff; Staff Secretaries; Counsels; Press Secretaries, etc. , WHTP produces briefing books for each of the critical White House offices. These briefs compile the best practices suggested by those who have carried out the duties of these office. With the permission of the interviewees, interviews are available on the National Archives website page dedicated to this project: .
    [Show full text]
  • Legislative Affairs (1) Box: 8
    Ronald Reagan Presidential Library Digital Library Collections This is a PDF of a folder from our textual collections. Collection: Baker, James A.: Files Folder Title: Legislative Affairs (1) Box: 8 To see more digitized collections visit: https://reaganlibrary.gov/archives/digital-library To see all Ronald Reagan Presidential Library inventories visit: https://reaganlibrary.gov/document-collection Contact a reference archivist at: [email protected] Citation Guidelines: https://reaganlibrary.gov/citing National Archives Catalogue: https://catalog.archives.gov/ I ' i THE WHITE HOUSE WASHINGTON January 28, 1985 MEMORANDUM FOR JAMES A. BAKER, rJf FROM: M.B. OGLESBY, JP/.~ SUBJECT: Guest List - Freshman Congressional Dinner Tuesday, January 29, 1985 We appreciate your agreeing to serve as a table host for the Freshman Congressional Dinner with the President on Tuesday, January 29, 1985. Attached are brief biographical sketches for each Member of Congress and spouse assigned to your table. Where known, committee assignments for the 99th Congress and special items of interest are noted. NAME Jim KOLBE, Republican of Tucson, Arizona DISTRICT 5th District of Arizona which includes most of Tucson. Kolbe defeated incumbent Democrat James McNulty in a rematch for this seat. Kolbe lost to McNulty by several thousand votes in 1982. AGE 42 PREVIOUS OCCUPATION - professional consultant - member Arizona State Senate 1976-82 - worked on staff of former Illinois Governor Ogilvie EDUCATION BA Northwestern University MBA Stanford University FAMILY Wife - Sarah SPECIAL NOTES - selected "Outstanding Republican Legislator" while in the Arizona State - served as Republican State Committeeman - served as a page in the Congress COMMITTEE ASSIGNMENTS Banking NAME William COB EY, Republican of Chapel Hill, N.C.
    [Show full text]
  • C-1 PRIMARY ELECTIONS August 26, 1986
    PRIMARY ELECTIONS August 26, 1986 DEMOCRATIC PRIMARY ELECTION GOVERNOR Mike Turpen.................................................207,357 40.0% Billy Joe Clegg...............................................6,523 1.2% Leslie Fisher................................................33,639 6.5% David Walters...............................................238,165 46.0% Virginia Jenner..............................................15,822 3.0% Jack Kelly...................................................15,804 3.0% Totals.................................................517,310 LIEUTENANT GOVERNOR Cleta Deatherage Mitchell...................................152,096 30.0% Roger Streetman..............................................17,271 3.4% Pete Reed....................................................38,185 7.5% Robert S. Kerr III..........................................157,738 31.2% Spencer Bernard.............................................113,844 22.5% Bill Dickerson...............................................26,390 5.2% Totals.................................................505,524 ATTORNEY GENERAL Julian K. Fite..............................................146,873 31.0% Robert Henry................................................325,535 68.9% Totals.................................................472,408 STATE TREASURER James E. Berry...............................................71,160 14.5% Ellis Edwards...............................................197,987 40.4% George Scott.................................................70,585 14.4%
    [Show full text]
  • War Powers for the 21St Century: the Congressional Perspective
    WAR POWERS FOR THE 21ST CENTURY: THE CONGRESSIONAL PERSPECTIVE HEARING BEFORE THE SUBCOMMITTEE ON INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS, HUMAN RIGHTS, AND OVERSIGHT OF THE COMMITTEE ON FOREIGN AFFAIRS HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ONE HUNDRED TENTH CONGRESS SECOND SESSION MARCH 13, 2008 Serial No. 110–160 Printed for the use of the Committee on Foreign Affairs ( Available via the World Wide Web: http://www.foreignaffairs.house.gov/ U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 41–232PDF WASHINGTON : 2008 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Internet: bookstore.gpo.gov Phone: toll free (866) 512–1800; DC area (202) 512–1800 Fax: (202) 512–2104 Mail: Stop IDCC, Washington, DC 20402–0001 VerDate 0ct 09 2002 12:25 May 12, 2008 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00001 Fmt 5011 Sfmt 5011 F:\WORK\IOHRO\031308\41232.000 Hintrel1 PsN: SHIRL COMMITTEE ON FOREIGN AFFAIRS HOWARD L. BERMAN, California, Chairman GARY L. ACKERMAN, New York ILEANA ROS-LEHTINEN, Florida ENI F.H. FALEOMAVAEGA, American CHRISTOPHER H. SMITH, New Jersey Samoa DAN BURTON, Indiana DONALD M. PAYNE, New Jersey ELTON GALLEGLY, California BRAD SHERMAN, California DANA ROHRABACHER, California ROBERT WEXLER, Florida DONALD A. MANZULLO, Illinois ELIOT L. ENGEL, New York EDWARD R. ROYCE, California BILL DELAHUNT, Massachusetts STEVE CHABOT, Ohio GREGORY W. MEEKS, New York THOMAS G. TANCREDO, Colorado DIANE E. WATSON, California RON PAUL, Texas ADAM SMITH, Washington JEFF FLAKE, Arizona RUSS CARNAHAN, Missouri MIKE PENCE, Indiana JOHN S. TANNER, Tennessee JOE WILSON, South Carolina GENE GREEN, Texas JOHN BOOZMAN, Arkansas LYNN C. WOOLSEY, California J. GRESHAM BARRETT, South Carolina SHEILA JACKSON LEE, Texas CONNIE MACK, Florida RUBE´ N HINOJOSA, Texas JEFF FORTENBERRY, Nebraska JOSEPH CROWLEY, New York MICHAEL T.
    [Show full text]
  • HISTORY of OKLAHOMA CONGRESSMEN U.S
    HISTORY OF OKLAHOMA CONGRESSMEN u.s. Senate - Thomas Pryor Gore (D) elected 1907; J. W. Harreld (R) elected 1920; Elmer Thomas (D) elected 1926; Mike Monroney (D) elected 1950; Henry Bellmon (R) elected 1968; Don Nickles (R) elected 1980. u.S. Senate - Robert L. Owen (D) elected 1907; W. B. Pine (R) elected 1924; ThomasP. Gore (D) elected 1930; Josh Lee (D) elected 1936; E. H. Moore (R) elected 1942; Robert S. Kerr (D) elected 1948 (died 1963); J. Howard Edmondson (D) appointed 1-6-63 to fill office until General Election, 1964; Fred R. Harris (D) elected 1964 (for unexpired 2-year term) elected full term 1966; Dewey F. Bartlett (R) elected 1972; David Boren (D) elected 1978. u.S. Representatives: District 1-Bird S. McGuire (R) elected 1907; James S. Davenport (D) elected 1914; T. A. Chandler (R) elected 1916; E. B. Howard (D) elected 1918; T. A. Chandler (R) elected 1920; E. B. Howard (D) elected 1922; S. J. Montgomery (R) elected 1924; E. B. Howard (D) elected 1926; Charles O'Connor (R) elected 1928; Wesley E. Disney (D) elected 1930; George R. Schwabe (R) elected 1944; Dixie Gilmer (D) elected 1948; George R. Schwabe (R) elected 1950; Page Belcher (R) elected 1952; James R. Jones (D) elected 1972. District 2 - Elmer L. Fulton (D) elected 1907; Dick T. Morgan (R) elected 1908; W. W. Hastings (D) elected 1914; Alice M. Robertson (R) elected 1920; W. W. Hastings (D) elected 1922; Jack Nichols (D) elected 1934 and resigned 1944; W. G. Stigler (D) elected 3-8-44 to fill unexpired term and elected full term 1944; Ed Edmondson (D) elected 1952; Clem Rogers McSpadden (D) elected 1972; Theodore M.
    [Show full text]
  • Note: All Results Are for Rogers County
    Note: All results are for Rogers County. Some numbers may be pre-provisional and may be off by a few votes, but do not affect the overall results in any significant way. Source: Rogers County Election Board Archive 1994 Election Cycle Voter Turnout for Special Election for County Question – February 9, 1993 6,616 Voted/41,639 Registered = 15.89% County Question Approving the Extension of a 1% Sales Tax for the Maintenance and Construction of County Roads until 1998 – February 9, 1993 Yes No 4,531 2,048 Voter Turnout for Special Election for SQ No. 659 – February 8, 1994 3,762 Voted/36,404 Registered = 10.33% SQ No. 659: Makes Local School Millage Levies Permanent until Repealed by Voters– February 8, 1994 Yes No 2,295 1,330 Voter Turnout for Special Election for SQ No. 658 – May 10, 1994 12,566 Voted/36,754 Registered = 34.19% SQ No. 658: Approval of a State Lottery with Specifics on How Funds Would Be Controlled – May 10, 1994 Yes No 5,291 7,272 Voter Turnout for Democratic Primary Election – August 23, 1994 7,678 Voted/23,936 Registered = 32.08% Oklahoma Gubernatorial Democratic Primary Results – August 23, 1994 Jack Mildren Danny Williams Bernice Shedrick Joe Vickers 3,284 646 3,312 305 Oklahoma Lieutenant Gubernatorial Democratic Primary Results – August 23, 1994 Dave McBride Walt Roberts Nance Diamond Bob Cullison 1,130 426 2,685 3,183 Oklahoma State Auditor and Inspector Democratic Primary Results – August 23, 1994 Clifton H. Scott Allen Greeson 4,989 1,956 Oklahoma Attorney General Democratic Primary Results – August 23, 1994 John B.
    [Show full text]
  • Download History of the House Page Program
    HISTORY OF THE HOUSE PAGE PROGRAM CONTENTS Introduction 1 Page Origins 2 Page Responsibilities 7 Representatives as Role Models and Mentors 10 Page Traditions 12 Breaking Down Racial and Gender Barriers 17 Pages and Publicity 19 Schools, Dorms, and Reforms 21 Pages and the Communications Revolution 26 The End of the House Page Program 28 Notes 30 Pages wore lapel pins to identify themselves during work or to affiliate themselves with the Page program. Left, a National Fraternity of Pages pin owned by Glenn Rupp, a House Page in the 1930s, includes the date 1912, which may indicate the founding date of the organization. Middle, a Page pin from 1930 is more elaborately designed than the average uniform lapel pin and features an enamel shield with links attaching a pendant that indicates the date of service. Right, a pin from 100th Congress (1987– 1989) has a House seal in the center and is similar to those worn by Members on their own lapels. Page Pins, Collection of the U.S. House of Representatives i House Pages pose for a class photo on the East Front of the Capitol. Class Photo from The Congressional Eagle Yearbook, 2007, Collection of the U.S. House of Representatives For more than two centuries, young people served as Pages in the U.S. House of Representatives and enjoyed an unparalleled opportunity to observe and participate in the legislative process in “the People’s House.” Despite the frequent and colossal changes to America’s national fabric over that period, the expectations and experiences of House Pages, regardless of when they served, have been linked by certain commonalities—witnessing history, interacting with Representatives, and taking away lifelong inspiration to participate in civic life.
    [Show full text]
  • Congressional Papers Roundtable NEWSLETTER Society of American Archivists Fall/Winter 2016
    Congressional Papers Roundtable NEWSLETTER Society of American Archivists Fall/Winter 2016 A Historic Election By Ray Smock The election of Donald Trump as the 45th pres- Dear CPR Members, ident of the United States is one of historic This year marked the 30-year proportions that we will anniversary of the first official be studying and analyz- meeting of the Congressional Students, faculty, and community members attend the ing for years to come, as Papers Roundtable, and it seems Teach-in on the 2016 Election at the Byrd Center. On stage, left to right: Dr. Aart Holtslag, Dr. Stephanie Slo- we do with all our presi- a fitting time to reflect on this cum-Schaffer, Dr. Jay Wyatt, and Dr. Max Guirguis. (Not pictured: Dr. Joseph Robbins) dential and congression- group’s past achievements and al elections. Here at the the important work happening Byrd Center our mission has not changed, nor would it change no now. matter which political party controls Congress or the Executive Branch. The CPR held its first official meeting in 1986 and since then We are a non-partisan educational organization on the campus of has contributed numerous talks Shepherd University. Our mission is to advance representative de- and articles, outreach and advo- mocracy by promoting a better understanding of the United States cacy work, and publications, Congress and the Constitution through programs that reach and en- such as The Documentation of Con- gage citizens. This is an enduring mission that is not dependent on gress and Managing Congressional the ebbs and flows of party politics.
    [Show full text]
  • Ally, the Okla- Homa Story, (University of Oklahoma Press 1978), and Oklahoma: a History of Five Centuries (University of Oklahoma Press 1989)
    Oklahoma History 750 The following information was excerpted from the work of Arrell Morgan Gibson, specifically, The Okla- homa Story, (University of Oklahoma Press 1978), and Oklahoma: A History of Five Centuries (University of Oklahoma Press 1989). Oklahoma: A History of the Sooner State (University of Oklahoma Press 1964) by Edwin C. McReynolds was also used, along with Muriel Wright’s A Guide to the Indian Tribes of Oklahoma (University of Oklahoma Press 1951), and Don G. Wyckoff’s Oklahoma Archeology: A 1981 Perspective (Uni- versity of Oklahoma, Archeological Survey 1981). • Additional information was provided by Jenk Jones Jr., Tulsa • David Hampton, Tulsa • Office of Archives and Records, Oklahoma Department of Librar- ies • Oklahoma Historical Society. Guide to Oklahoma Museums by David C. Hunt (University of Oklahoma Press, 1981) was used as a reference. 751 A Brief History of Oklahoma The Prehistoric Age Substantial evidence exists to demonstrate the first people were in Oklahoma approximately 11,000 years ago and more than 550 generations of Native Americans have lived here. More than 10,000 prehistoric sites are recorded for the state, and they are estimated to represent about 10 percent of the actual number, according to archaeologist Don G. Wyckoff. Some of these sites pertain to the lives of Oklahoma’s original settlers—the Wichita and Caddo, and perhaps such relative latecomers as the Kiowa Apache, Osage, Kiowa, and Comanche. All of these sites comprise an invaluable resource for learning about Oklahoma’s remarkable and diverse The Clovis people lived Native American heritage. in Oklahoma at the Given the distribution and ages of studies sites, Okla- homa was widely inhabited during prehistory.
    [Show full text]
  • VITA Gary D. Wekkin 11 Tucker Creek
    VITA Gary D. Wekkin 11 Tucker Creek Road Conway AR 72034 501.327.8259 (H) / 501.450.5686 (O) Personal History Born 6 June 1949 Married, Two Sons Academic History Ph. D., Political Science, University of British Columbia, 1980 M. A., Political Science, University of British Columbia, 1972 B. A., Asian Studies, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1971 (including 23 hours of Chinese; 6 hours of French) Graduate Summary Specialization: American Politics (Parties, Interest Groups, Political Behavior, State Politics & Presidency) Dissertation: “The Wisconsin Open Primary and the Democratic National Committee.” (David J. Elkins, supervisor; Richard G. C. Johnston and Donald E. Blake, committee members; William J. Crotty, external examiner.) Overall Graduate Average: 122.2 (First Class, British System) Graduate Fellowship Holder, 1972-75 Dr. Norman MacKenzie American Alumni Award, 1971-72 Positions Held 1982-present University of Central Arkansas – Professor (with tenure), 1992-____; Assistant Professor, 1982-86; Associate Professor, 1986-92. 1981-1982 University of Missouri-Kansas City – Visiting Assistant Professor 1978-1981 University of Wisconsin Center-Janesville – Lecturer 1978 Ada Deer for Secretary of State (WI) – Acting Campaign Director 1975-1976 Democratic Party of Wisconsin (Madison WI) – Field Officer & Delegate Selection/Affirmative Action Coordinator 1973-1974 Institute of International Relations, University of British Columbia (Vancouver) – Graduate Assistant to Director Courses Taught American Presidency Politics of Presidential Selection Interest Groups & Money in Politics Political Parties & Electoral Problems Political Behavior Campaign Organization & Management State & Local Government Public Opinion (not since 1982) Scope & Methods (not since 1988) Legislative Process (not since 1981) International Politics (not since 1981) Awards & Honors University of Arkansas William J.
    [Show full text]
  • Carl Albert State College Catalog 2010-12
    CARL ALBERT STATE COLLEGE CATALOG 2010-12 CARL ALBERT STATE COLLEGE GENERAL CATALOG 2010 - 2012 CARL ALBERT STATE COLLEGE CATALOG Page - 1 - CARL ALBERT STATE COLLEGE CATALOG 2010-12 TABLE OF CONTENTS OKLAHOMA STATE REGENTS FOR HIGHER EDUCATION ................................................... 3 DIRECTORY OF STAFF AND FACULTY ...................................................................................... 4 ACADEMIC CALENDER .................................................................................................................. 9 GENERAL INFORMATION ...........................................................................................................11 STUDENT SERVICE ......................................................................................................................21 STUDENT LIFE ..............................................................................................................................26 ADMISSION AND REGISTRATION ............................................................................................31 TUITION AND FEES ......................................................................................................................50 FINANCIAL INFORMATION ......................................................................................................51 SCHOLARSHIPS AND OTHER FINANCIAL AIDS ....................................................................56 ACADEMIC POLICIES & PROCEDURES ...................................................................................69
    [Show full text]