Notes, Rhythm, and Meter Notes
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Lilypond Music Glossary
LilyPond The music typesetter Music Glossary The LilyPond development team ☛ ✟ This glossary provides definitions and translations of musical terms used in the documentation manuals for LilyPond version 2.23.3. ✡ ✠ ☛ ✟ For more information about how this manual fits with the other documentation, or to read this manual in other formats, see Section “Manuals” in General Information. If you are missing any manuals, the complete documentation can be found at http://lilypond.org/. ✡ ✠ Copyright ⃝c 1999–2021 by the authors Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.1 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled “GNU Free Documentation License”. For LilyPond version 2.23.3 1 1 Musical terms A-Z Languages in this order. • UK - British English (where it differs from American English) • ES - Spanish • I - Italian • F - French • D - German • NL - Dutch • DK - Danish • S - Swedish • FI - Finnish 1.1 A • ES: la • I: la • F: la • D: A, a • NL: a • DK: a • S: a • FI: A, a See also Chapter 3 [Pitch names], page 87. 1.2 a due ES: a dos, I: a due, F: `adeux, D: ?, NL: ?, DK: ?, S: ?, FI: kahdelle. Abbreviated a2 or a 2. In orchestral scores, a due indicates that: 1. A single part notated on a single staff that normally carries parts for two players (e.g. first and second oboes) is to be played by both players. -
TIME SIGNATURES, TEMPO, BEAT and GORDONIAN SYLLABLES EXPLAINED
TIME SIGNATURES, TEMPO, BEAT and GORDONIAN SYLLABLES EXPLAINED TIME SIGNATURES Time Signatures are represented by a fraction. The top number tells the performer how many beats in each measure. This number can be any number from 1 to infinity. However, time signatures, for us, will rarely have a top number larger than 7. The bottom number can only be the numbers 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 128, 256, 512, et c. These numbers represent the note values of a whole note, half note, quarter note, eighth note, sixteenth note, thirty- second note, sixty-fourth note, one hundred twenty-eighth note, two hundred fifty-sixth note, five hundred twelfth note, et c. However, time signatures, for us, will only have a bottom numbers 2, 4, 8, 16, and possibly 32. Examples of Time Signatures: TEMPO Tempo is the speed at which the beats happen. The tempo can remain steady from the first beat to the last beat of a piece of music or it can speed up or slow down within a section, a phrase, or a measure of music. Performers need to watch the conductor for any changes in the tempo. Tempo is the Italian word for “time.” Below are terms that refer to the tempo and metronome settings for each term. BPM is short for Beats Per Minute. This number is what one would set the metronome. Please note that these numbers are generalities and should never be considered as strict ranges. Time Signatures, music genres, instrumentations, and a host of other considerations may make a tempo of Grave a little faster or slower than as listed below. -
Theory of Music
MUSIC THEORY 1. Staffs, Clefs & Pitch notation Naming the Notes Musical notation describes the pitch (how high or low), temporal position (when to start) and duration (how long) of discrete elements, or sounds, we call notes . The notes are represented by graphical symbols, also called notes or note signs . In English-speaking countries, the pitch names given to a row of notes steadily rising in pitch are drawn from the the first seven letters of the Roman alphabet: A B C D E F G In the Netherlands, the letters A to G are also used, but otherwise the 'Dutch' system follows the 'German' system, so-called because it originated in Germany, which also uses H. Staff or Stave The note signs are placed on a grid formed of horizontal lines and spaces. This grid is called the staff or stave . The plural of either word is staves . Although, in the past, staves could have many different numbers of lines, today the most common staff format has five lines separated by four spaces and is know as the pentagram . When numbering the lines, it is a widely used convention to number them from the bottom ( 1) to the top ( 5) of each staff. The spaces between the lines are numbered too, again from the bottom ( 1) to the top ( 4). Redaction and Publishing Marzenna Donajski © Dolmetsch Music Theory and History Online by Dr. Brian Blood 1 Music is read from 'left' to 'right', in the same direction as you are reading this text. The higher the pitch of the note , the higher vertically the note will be placed on the staff . -
Music Braille Code, 2015
MUSIC BRAILLE CODE, 2015 Developed Under the Sponsorship of the BRAILLE AUTHORITY OF NORTH AMERICA Published by The Braille Authority of North America ©2016 by the Braille Authority of North America All rights reserved. This material may be duplicated but not altered or sold. ISBN: 978-0-9859473-6-1 (Print) ISBN: 978-0-9859473-7-8 (Braille) Printed by the American Printing House for the Blind. Copies may be purchased from: American Printing House for the Blind 1839 Frankfort Avenue Louisville, Kentucky 40206-3148 502-895-2405 • 800-223-1839 www.aph.org [email protected] Catalog Number: 7-09651-01 The mission and purpose of The Braille Authority of North America are to assure literacy for tactile readers through the standardization of braille and/or tactile graphics. BANA promotes and facilitates the use, teaching, and production of braille. It publishes rules, interprets, and renders opinions pertaining to braille in all existing codes. It deals with codes now in existence or to be developed in the future, in collaboration with other countries using English braille. In exercising its function and authority, BANA considers the effects of its decisions on other existing braille codes and formats, the ease of production by various methods, and acceptability to readers. For more information and resources, visit www.brailleauthority.org. ii BANA Music Technical Committee, 2015 Lawrence R. Smith, Chairman Karin Auckenthaler Gilbert Busch Karen Gearreald Dan Geminder Beverly McKenney Harvey Miller Tom Ridgeway Other Contributors Christina Davidson, BANA Music Technical Committee Consultant Richard Taesch, BANA Music Technical Committee Consultant Roger Firman, International Consultant Ruth Rozen, BANA Board Liaison iii TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS .............................................................. -
SMT Sweelinck Paper Text SHORT V2
SMT Graduate Workshop Peter Schubert: Renaissance Instrumental Music November 7, 2014 Derek Reme! Musical Architecture in Three Domains: Stretto, Suspension, and Diminution in Sweelinck's Chromatic Fantasia Jan Pieterszoon Sweelinck's Chromatic Fantasia is among the most famous keyboard works of the sixteenth century.1 It served as a model for instrumental polyphony that was imitated throughout Europe in the seventeenth century.2 The fantasia's subject is treated in augmentation and diminution in four rhythmic levels and also in four-voice stretto. The initial stretto passage, which is repeated in diminution in the final climax of the piece, contains an unusual accented dissonance; in this style, accented dissonance is reserved only for suspensions. There are three metrical levels of suspensions used throughout the piece, which parallel the four rhythmic levels of the subject's augmentation and diminution – only a whole note suspension is missing. I propose that the unusual accented dissonance in the first four-voice stretto passage is actually a rearticulated whole note suspension, representing the missing fourth metrical level in that domain. Therefore, this stretto passage combines two domains at their fourth and most heightened level: stretto in four voices and suspension at the whole note. This passage also represents a structural "pillar," which, through its repetition, divides the piece into three large sections. In addition, the middle section contains two analogous "internal pillars," which further subdivide the middle into three subsections. The last large-scale section, the climax, introduces subject stretto at the eighth note level, or !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! 1 Harold Vogel, "Sweelinck's 'Orfeo' Die 'Fantasia Crommatica,'" Musik in die Kirche, No. -
Fairfield Public Schools Music Department Curriculum Orchestra Skill Levels
Fairfield Public Schools Music Department Curriculum Orchestra Skill Levels ORCHESTRA SKILL LEVEL I (Grade 4) A. Executive Skills 1. Exhibits proper posture and playing position 2. Exhibits proper rehearsal and performance procedures in ensemble playing 3. Understands effective practice habits 4. Demonstrates proper care and safety of instrument 5. Demonstrates proper right hand position 6. Demonstrates proper left hand position 7. Identifies parts of the instrument B. Tone Quality Students should: 1. Draw a straight bow 2. Demonstrate proper contact point between bridge and fingerboard 3. Demonstrate even bow speed 4. Produce a characteristic sound on the instrument 5. Use appropriate articulation techniques. 6. Play dynamics C. Bowing Demonstrates the following bow strokes and articulations: 1. Detache (legato) 2. Staccato 3. Two-note slur, three-note slurs and ties 4. Bow lifts 5. Right hand pizzicato 6. Left hand pizzicato 7. Imitate bowing patterns D. RHythms and Note Reading Read and play music which includes the following: 1. Rhythms using quarter, half, dotted half, whole, pair of eighth notes and corresponding rests 2. Demonstrate the ability to recognize and perform various rhythm patterns. 3. Read music in the following Time Signatures: 2/4, 3/4, 4/4 4. Identify and Perform symbols and terms: Half note, Clef, Time signature, Bar line, Repeat sign, Up bow, Down bow, Whole note, Staff, Quarter note, Eighth notes, Key signature, Quarter rest, Half rest, Whole rest, Dotted half note, Bow lift, Measure, Tie, Slur, Plucking and Bowing E. Scales and Scale Patterns 1. Scales Violin Viola Cello Bass G MA 1 octave 1 octave 1 octave 1 octave D MA 1 octave 1 octave 1 octave 1 octave I, (II & III Positions I I I on G string) F. -
Introduction to Braille Music Transcription
Introduction to Braille Music Transcription Mary Turner De Garmo Second Edition Revised and edited by Lawrence R. Smith Music Braille Transcriber Bettye Krolick Music Braille Consultant Beverly McKenney Music Braille Transcriber Sandra Kelly Music Braille Advisor Volume I National Library Service for the Blind and Physically Handicapped The Library of Congress Washington, DC 2005 Contents VOLUME I Foreword to the 1974 Edition . xi Preface to the 2005 Edition . xii Acknowledgments . xiii How to Use This Book . xiv Related Resources . xiv Overall Plan . xiv References to MBC-97 . xiv Using Computer Assistance . xv Taking the Course . xv References . xvi PART ONE: Basic Procedures and Transcribing Single-Staff Music 1 Formation of the Braille Note . 1 2 Eighth Notes, the Eighth Rest, and Other Basic Signs . 3 General Procedures . 4 Examples for Practice . 4 Procedures Specific to This Book . 7 Drills for Chapter 2 . 7 Exercises for Chapter 2 . 9 3 Quarter Notes, the Quarter Rest, and the Dot . 11 Examples for Practice . 11 Proofreading . 13 Drills for Chapter 3 . 13 Exercises for Chapter 3 . 15 4 Half Notes, the Half Rest, and the Tie . 17 Drills for Chapter 4 . 19 Exercises for Chapter 4 . 20 5 Whole and Double Whole Notes and Rests, Measure Rests, and Transcriber-Added Signs . 23 Various Print Methods for Showing Consecutive Measure Rests . 26 Reading Drill . 28 Drills for Chapter 5 . 30 Exercises for Chapter 5 . 31 6 Accidentals . 33 Directions for Brailling Accidentals . 33 Examples for Practice . 34 Drills for Chapter 6 . 35 i Exercises for Chapter 6 . 37 7 Octave Marks . 39 The Seven Octave Marks . -
1 an Important Component of Music Is the Rhythm, Or Duration of The
1 An important component of music is the rhythm, or duration of the sounds. We designate this with whole notes, half notes, quarter notes, eighth notes, etc., the names of which indicate the relative duration of notes (e.g., a half note lasts four times as long as an eighth note). ∼ 3 4 It isd of d courset t necessary to specify the actual (not just relative) duration of sounds. There are several ways to do this, we shall discuss two which reflect the manner in which music is displayed. Printed music groups notes into measures, and begins each line with a time signature which looks like a fraction, and specifies the number of notes in each measure. For example, the time signature 3/4 specifies that each measure contains three quarter notes (or six eighth notes, or a half note and a quarter note, or any collection of notes of equal total duration). (The above schematic is not divided into measures; a whole note would not fit within a measure in 3/4 time.) Indeed, you cannot tell from looking just at a measure whether the time signature is 3/4 or 6/8, but both the top and bottom of the time signature are important for specifying the nature of the rhythm. The top number specifies how many beats (or fundamental time units) there are in a measure, and the bottom number specifies which note represents the fundamental time unit. For example, 3/4 time specifies three beats to a measure with a quarter note representing one beat, 6/8 time specifies six beats to a measure with an eighth note representing one beat. -
Guitar Pro 7 User Guide 1/ Introduction 2/ Getting Started
Guitar Pro 7 User Guide 1/ Introduction 2/ Getting started 2/1/ Installation 2/2/ Overview 2/3/ New features 2/4/ Understanding notation 2/5/ Technical support 3/ Use Guitar Pro 7 3/A/1/ Writing a score 3/A/2/ Tracks in Guitar Pro 7 3/A/3/ Bars in Guitar Pro 7 3/A/4/ Adding notes to your score. 3/A/5/ Insert invents 3/A/6/ Adding symbols 3/A/7/ Add lyrics 3/A/8/ Adding sections 3/A/9/ Cut, copy and paste options 3/A/10/ Using wizards 3/A/11/ Guitar Pro 7 Stylesheet 3/A/12/ Drums and percussions 3/B/ Work with a score 3/B/1/ Finding Guitar Pro files 3/B/2/ Navigating around the score 3/B/3/ Display settings. 3/B/4/ Audio settings 3/B/5/ Playback options 3/B/6/ Printing 3/B/7/ Files and tabs import 4/ Tools 4/1/ Chord diagrams 4/2/ Scales 4/3/ Virtual instruments 4/4/ Polyphonic tuner 4/5/ Metronome 4/6/ MIDI capture 4/7/ Line In 4/8 File protection 5/ mySongBook 1/ Introduction Welcome! You just purchased Guitar Pro 7, congratulations and welcome to the Guitar Pro family! Guitar Pro is back with its best version yet. Faster, stronger and modernised, Guitar Pro 7 offers you many new features. Whether you are a longtime Guitar Pro user or a new user you will find all the necessary information in this user guide to make the best out of Guitar Pro 7. 2/ Getting started 2/1/ Installation 2/1/1 MINIMUM SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS macOS X 10.10 / Windows 7 (32 or 64-Bit) Dual-core CPU with 4 GB RAM 2 GB of free HD space 960x720 display OS-compatible audio hardware DVD-ROM drive or internet connection required to download the software 2/1/2/ Installation on Windows Installation from the Guitar Pro website: You can easily download Guitar Pro 7 from our website via this link: https://www.guitar-pro.com/en/index.php?pg=download Once the trial version downloaded, upgrade it to the full version by entering your licence number into your activation window. -
November 2.0 EN.Pages
Over 1000 Symbols More Beautiful than Ever SMuFL Compliant Advanced Support in Finale, Sibelius & LilyPond DocumentationAn Introduction © Robert Piéchaud 2015 v. 2.0.1 published by www.klemm-music.de — November 2.0 Documentation — Summary Foreword .........................................................................................................................3 November 2.0 Character Map .........................................................................................4 Clefs ............................................................................................................................5 Noteheads & Individual Notes ...................................................................................13 Noteflags ...................................................................................................................42 Rests ..........................................................................................................................47 Accidentals (Standard) ...............................................................................................51 Microtonal & Non-Standard Accidentals ....................................................................56 Articulations ..............................................................................................................72 Instrument Techniques ...............................................................................................83 Fermatas & Breath Marks .........................................................................................121 -
Numbers and Tempo: 1630-1800 Beverly Jerold
Performance Practice Review Volume 17 | Number 1 Article 4 Numbers and Tempo: 1630-1800 Beverly Jerold Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarship.claremont.edu/ppr Part of the Music Practice Commons Jerold, Beverly (2012) "Numbers and Tempo: 1630-1800," Performance Practice Review: Vol. 17: No. 1, Article 4. DOI: 10.5642/ perfpr.201217.01.04 Available at: http://scholarship.claremont.edu/ppr/vol17/iss1/4 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Journals at Claremont at Scholarship @ Claremont. It has been accepted for inclusion in Performance Practice Review by an authorized administrator of Scholarship @ Claremont. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Numbers and Tempo: 1630-1800 Beverly Jerold Copyright © 2012 Claremont Graduate University Ever since antiquity, the human species has been drawn to numbers. In music, for example, numbers seem to be tangible when compared to the language in early musical texts, which may have a different meaning for us than it did for them. But numbers, too, may be misleading. For measuring time, we have electronic metronomes and scientific instruments of great precision, but in the time frame 1630-1800 a few scientists had pendulums, while the wealthy owned watches and clocks of varying accuracy. Their standards were not our standards, for they lacked the advantages of our technology. How could they have achieved the extremely rapid tempos that many today have attributed to them? Before discussing the numbers in sources thought to support these tempos, let us consider three factors related to technology: 1) The incalculable value of the unconscious training in every aspect of music that we gain from recordings. -
WOLFGANG AMADEUS MOZART Songs, Partsongs, Canons
New Mozart Edition III/ 8 Songs WOLFGANG AMADEUS MOZART Series III Songs, Partsongs, Canons WORK GROUP 8: SONGS PRESENTED BY ERNST AUGUST BALLIN 1963 International Mozart Foundation, Online Publications III New Mozart Edition III/ 8 Songs Neue Mozart-Ausgabe (New Mozart Edition)* WOLFGANG AMADEUS MOZART The Complete Works BÄRENREITER KASSEL BASEL LONDON En coopération avec le Conseil international de la Musique Editorial Board: Dietrich Berke Wolfgang Plath Wolfgang Rehm Agents for BRITISH COMMONWEALTH OF NATIONS: Bärenreiter Ltd. London BUNDESREPUBLIK DEUTSCHLAND: Bärenreiter-Verlag Kassel SWITZERLAND and all other countries not named here: Bärenreiter-Verlag Basel As a supplement to each volume a Critical Report (Kritischer Bericht) in German is available The editing of the NMA is supported by City of Augsburg City of Salzburg Administration Land Salzburg City of Vienna Konferenz der Akademien der Wissenschaften in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland, represented by Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur Mainz, with funds from Bundesministerium für Forschung und Technologie, Bonn and Bayerisches Staatsministerium für Unterricht und Kultus Ministerium für Kultur der Deutschen Demokratischen Republik Bundesministerium für Unterricht und Kunst, Vienna * Hereafter referred to as the NMA. The predecessor, the "Alte Mozart-Edition" (Old Mozart Edition) is referred to as the AMA. International Mozart Foundation, Online Publications IV New Mozart Edition III/ 8 Songs CONTENTS Editorial Principles ……………..…………………………………………………….. VI Foreword………….…………………….……………………………………………… VII Addendum 1987……………………………………………………………………………………………………………. XVI Facsimile: Autograph KV 148 (125 h) = No. 3…………………………………………………………………………….. XVII Facsimile: Autograph KV 472 (complete) = No. 12 and KV 473 (beginning) = No. 13…………………………………. XVIII Facsimile: Autograph KV 530 = No. 25………………………………………………………………………………….. XIX Facsimile: Autograph vocal part for KV 178 (125 i/417 e) = Appendix, No.