UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH SCHOOL OF DENTAL MEDICINE

NINETEENTH ANNUAL RESEARCH SYMPOSIUM 2019

1 PITT DENTAL MEDICINE IN THE TOP FIVE FOR Pitt Dental Medicine maintains it’s number four ranking for National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR). NIDCR FUNDING The profound research performed at Pitt Dental Medicine is responsible for maintaining a steady improvement in rank over nearly two decades­—validation of our commitment to exploration, investigation and analysis, and to the quality of the innovation being created here.

“This ranking is reflective of our alignment with the goals for research set forth by the NIH. Pitt Dental Medicine has been ranked in the top 10 for almost a decade, but this move into the top 5, at number 4, is significant. It reflects a long-term approach to becoming one of the premiere dental research institutions in the country—in the world. It is a powerful statement of our staying power and the decades of hard work toward international acclaim.”

Bernard J Costello DMD MD Dean

“Pitt Dental Medicine has been engaged in top-notch, world-class research for many years. Being in the top 5 of NIDCR funding is particularly rewarding, though, because it is the major metric of U.S. Dental School research strength. Pitt is now shoulder-to-shoulder with other particularly strong research dental schools. Our research is at the cutting edge and applies state-of-the-art approaches to establish major research programs that, as evidenced by the success in getting grants, are widely recognized by other researchers outside of Pitt. Contributing to our research strength are the many productive collaborations with faculty investigators at Pitt, across the country and worldwide.”

Mary Marazita PhD Director of the Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics

“This ranking is important to the dental field, our school, and our basic and clinical faculty, as the new knowledge generated will improve patient care and the health of the whole population. Our cutting-edge research is important to patient therapy—the knowledge that they will receive the most advanced care. Our students and alumni should feel a sense of pride in their Pitt Dental Medicine home.”

Charles Sfeir DDS PhD Associate Dean for Research “The rankings validate the effort and talent of our faculty and staff and also demonstrate that we, as an institution, are “all in’ with our support of the research missions of the dental profession and the University of Pittsburgh. Unquestionably, the new knowledge that our research generates will be important to improving patient care and population health. The “top 5” ranking, while arbitrary, is certainly something that brings attention to our school and will support our efforts to establish a sustainable research infrastructure. Maintaining that status is a worthy goal and one that, ideally, will continue to motivate us to continue achieving at the highest level.”

Robert Weyant MS DMD DrPH Associate Dean for Dental Public Health and Community Outreach

“The School of Dental Medicine’s ranking is an indication of its prominence in both dental research and in the FISCAL YEAR 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 training of new dental professionals. The school’s success reflects our campus-wide commitment to excellence at Rank 29 26 25 27 16 17 13 16 12 6 7 17 9 7 9 4 the University of Pittsburgh. I congratulate Dean BJ Costello and all of the school’s leadership, faculty, staff and Total Research Funding $1,181,857 $1,775,222 $2,399,960 $2,290,222 $3,372,723 $3,050,028 $3,795,400 $3,261,491 $4,694,478 $6,260,761 $5,929,316 $3,142,305 $4,832,404 $5,143,805 $6,275,394 $8,487,933 students on this achievement.”

Arthur S. Levine MD Senior Vice Chancellor for the Health Sciences and John and Gertrude Petersen Dean, School of Medicine

2 University of Pittsburgh School of Dental Medicine Nineteenth Annual Research Symposium 3 RESEARCH SYMPOSIUM HISTORY

In 2000, the research taking place at the School of Dental Medicine was not necessarily reflective of a school of this prominence. Dr. Mary Marazita became the Associate Dean for Research and drafted a vision to encourage research efforts through the first School of Dental Medicine Research Symposium.

After 19 years, it has become the longest-running research symposium at Pitt—and with good reason.

Including significant speakers from outside of Pitt greatly expanded this inspiring traditions and the event continued to grow in attendance and significance. Concurrently, NIH funding to the school increased to more than $5 million by 2013.

Pitt Dental Medicine has become a significant force in dental medicine research.

Since 2013, Dr. Charles Sfeir, new Associate Dean for Research, continues to expand and improve the symposium. Newly identified funding, such as the Michigan-Pittsburgh-Wyss project, is influencing the power of translational research here at Pitt.

And Pitt Dental Medicine is influencing research worldwide.

Recognizing the needs of clinicians to answer the question “what can research do for me?” the 2019 Research Symposium showcases advancing clinical treatments made possible through the research in biomineralization taking place right here. Pitt Dental Medicine recognizes the power of presenting sensible clinical information in a continuing education format to bring relevance and practicality to research.

Mary Marazita PhD Charles Sfeir DDS PhD Director of the Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics Director of the Center for Craniofacial Regeneration Innovation intensifies the power and influence of the Annual Research Symposium, enabling it to thrive and successfully become the most dynamic and progressive dental research symposium in the region.

4 University of Pittsburgh School of Dental Medicine Nineteenth Annual Research Symposium 5 DEAN’S MESSAGE

Dear colleagues and friends,

It is my honor to welcome you each to the I encourage everyone to take this day as a chance Nineteenth Annual Pitt Dental Medicine Research not only to learn about our latest advances, but to “...at its heart, our research is about Symposium. This is a day not only to share and consider how research and innovation relates to striving to better the lives of as many celebrate our accomplishments, but an opportunity you and enriches the lives of others. Our profession to look ahead to what the future holds for us. shares the common goal of improving the health as we can.” Research holds an essential position in our success and quality of life for individuals. It is this aim that as a school. It is a privilege to see this event come ultimately drives our research enterprise—at its together, with each year’s symposium building on heart, our research is about striving to better the the success of those in the past. I hope that you lives of as many as we can. This is the secret to Bernard J Costello DMD MD look forward as much as I do to learning about our success as researchers, scholars, teachers and Dean the exciting work happening at the University of clinicians. It is evident in the passion with which Pittsburgh School of Dental Medicine. those at Pitt Dental Medicine provide care and pursue innovative discoveries--and I am proud to be As always, with this event, we turn our attention a part of it. to not only the achievements of our researchers, but also to the important role that our students and clinicians play at the school. All play a vital role in our the realization of our goal of being an institution Sincerely, dedicated to offering the best that dentistry and craniofacial biology has to offer. The intersection of research, academics and patient care is a crucial one, as all three support and feed into the success of one another. This day exemplifies that unity of achievement with its outstanding presentations, Bernard J. Costello, DMD, MD opportunities to enhance our knowledge and Dean and Professor occasions to give voice to ideas of our own. University of Pittsburgh School of Dental Medicine

6 University of Pittsburgh School of Dental Medicine Nineteenth Annual Research Symposium 7 ASSOCIATE DEAN’S MESSAGE

Dear Pitt Dental Medicine friends, approaches undertaken by our faculty. Our in the collaborative efforts of research faculty, collaborative research spans basic sciences to clinicians and students is a privilege for me and Charles Sfeir DDS PhD I am honored to welcome you to our Nineteenth translational research. This strength is evidenced the others who are passionate about the research Associate Dean for Research Annual Research Symposium at the University by the many funded research projects at Pitt Dental we do each day. Our aim is to not only share of Pittsburgh School of Dental Medicine. There Medicine. knowledge, but enhance the bonds between us as are many successes we are fortunate to be able scientists, clinicians and dentists. Our Symposium to highlight this year. I would like to first put the “Our Symposium today is designed to celebrate the today is designed to celebrate the achievements spotlight on the changes we are implementing achievements of our investigators, introduce to clinicians the of our investigators, introduce to clinicians the latest this year to our Research Symposium through the latest advances and support our students as they make their way advances and support our students as they make assembl y of an exciting clinical and basic research into the exciting worlds of both patient care and research.” their way into the exciting worlds of both patient program that showcases our clinical and research care and research. strength. Allow me to highlight a couple of these programs: I am pleased to have presenters at our symposium We not only have much to celebrate this year, • an international inter-University collaboration from within the school who can attest to the power but a great opportunity to learn about how that focuses on genetic variants influencing of collaborative efforts. It is also a great pleasure to the dental field is rapidly advancing toward facial features and their development, led by the welcome our keynote speakers, Drs. Frank Tay and a bright future. Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, Steven Bloembergen, whose innovative approaches which also continues its studies of oral health in in research are an inspiration to many. They both Research is unquestionably a priority at Appalachia and cleft and lip palate; used biomineralization principles to develop novel Pitt Dental Medicine, as demonstrated by therapies, but for different purposes. our consistent ranks as a top-ten dental • Michigan-Pittsburgh- Wyss Resource Center: school for National Institute of Dental Supporting Regenerative Medicine in Dental, As we keep our sights focused on a vision of and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR) Oral and Craniofacial Technologies, led at Pitt innovation and excellence that encompasses all funding. Our prominence as a research by our Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, aspects of the school, a better understanding of the institution does much more, however, which is now supporting promising projects inner workings of dental genetics, pioneering new than establish our standings in the from the clinical, academic and private sectors, technologies and our collective effort to improve national rankings—it advances the bringing new technologies one step closer to clinical practice should be a point of pride for us field and, most importantly, improves patients. all. the lives of our patients. Our research programs are built on many of the Thank you, The strength of our research research strengths at the University. To be part program is realized in the of such a research-intensive institution and share collaborative and innovative

8 University of Pittsburgh School of Dental Medicine Nineteenth Annual Research Symposium 9 HARNESSING BIOMINERALIZATION By: B. Rose Kelly and James Rosendale

There are already a number of Revealing Essential Knowledge about approaches dentists can use to Biomineralization improve dental health. Significant Mineralized tissue, such as animal shells, bones advances are being made in the or teeth, is one of the hardest tissues in nature. field of biomineralization— the Teeth, specifically, are composed of three types of process by which living organisms mineralized tissues: dental enamel, the hard, outer deposit minerals in their tissues. layer; dentin, which forms the bulk of the tooth; and Many of these advances apply to cementum, a calcified surface that covers the root routine dental applications such of a tooth. as caries management, tooth whitening and restorative treatments All tissues in the tooth are susceptible to an attack (remineralization of natural tooth by environmental conditions, and a number of genetic factors increases or decreases this material where it abuts filling susceptibility. Even though dental enamel is the material). In addition, understanding hardest substance in the body, it has little ability biomineralization may provide to repair itself when it is damaged. This is why the foundation for advancements toothpaste advertisements often tout strengthening in engineering novel biomimetic this area of the tooth, which helps to protect the materials (engineered solutions that layers underneath. mimic naturally occurring tissues) But what if those things that cause tooth decay Internationally renowned, Pitt could be discovered before they ever became Dental Medicine researchers are established? Pitt Dental Medicine clinicians and conducting cutting-edge research researchers are collaborating to establish clinical into biomineralization, allowing them processes and curricular changes to better educate to develop novel clinical treatment patients about tooth whitening, improve caries solutions while educating the next early detection and treatment (management) and achieve improved adhesion at the interface in generation of dentists with innovative restorations and the study of biomineralization is curricula. Shepherding a new wave the key. of biomineralization research, teaching and clinical treatments, Among the leaders in this area is Dr. Elia Beniash, the faculty, staff and students at Pitt a professor in the Department of Oral Biology Dental Medicine have a unified goal: with a joint appointment in Pitt’s Department of preserving teeth while doing as little Bioengineering. He has conducted a number invasive dentistry as possible. of studies related to biomineralization thanks to

10 University of Pittsburgh School of Dental Medicine Nineteenth Annual Research Symposium 11 financial support from the National Institutes for Dr. Beniash became interested in biomineralization are in contact with an acid, oyster shells erode variations and changes in the structural and Health (NIH) and the National Science Foundation. early in his career. The feature of his PhD thesis when the acidity in the water increases. mechanical properties of enamel, as well as the was a study of sea urchins, which are thought by susceptibility of enamel to caries. Dr. Beniash’s research interests include What he found was that one species developed a many to be the key to unlocking the mysteries of biomineralization, the structure/function relationships stronger shell to ward off predators, while the other In this vein, Dr. Beniash recently completed an biomineralization. These spiny echinoderms have in supramolecular assemblies, bioinspired materials species developed a strong innate immune system enamel study with Dr. Mary L. Marazita, director unique biological ways of transforming calcium and tissue engineering. His work focuses on to help fight infections—trade-offs between immunity of the Pitt Dental Medicine Center for Craniofacial carbonate into hard shells and spines, making understanding basic mechanisms of mineralization and biomineralization between these oyster cousins. and Dental Genetics (CCDG), and professor in the them useful tools for understanding how soft tissues in biological systems and applying these strategies Department of Oral Biology. harden over time. Given this, one species has a higher chance of to the design of new, nanostructured composite survival in an environment with a high density of Through this mutual work, they were able to show materials for biomedical and other technological After completing his PhD, Dr. Beniash joined predators; another species has a better chance to that one of the keratins found in hair follicles also applications. a materials-chemistry laboratory to explore the survive biologically. plays an important role in enamel structure and nanomaterials inspired by biomineralization. Over Learn more about Dr. Beniash’s research mechanical properties. This protein influences the the years, he worked on different biomineralization “While not directly tied to dental research, the by visiting dental.pitt.edu/research. hardness and structure of enamel, so if a patient has systems and his current primary focus is on the findings are still relevant. Erosion by acidity a certain variant of keratin, he or she might have biomineralization of tooth enamel and the shells of is common throughout the animal kingdom “Because many of the tissues that dentists work with less hard teeth and therefore be more susceptible to bivalve mollusks. and among humans, and the process of are mineralized, understanding biomineralization cavities. biomineralization is the same in either source. We principles is essential if we are to develop new While these toothless sea animals may seem see this similarity throughout different species and How this happens is particularly interesting, Dr. bioinspired materials for mineralized tissue repair far removed from the dental field, they are an classes,” Dr. Beniash explained. Beniash said. Typically, there are proteins that are and regeneration. A thorough understanding also interesting general concept and knowledge gained responsible for cell function which remain within the will contribute to the development of regenerative through studying them may be applied to the human Currently, Dr. Beniash is leading a few studies cell, and there are proteins that are meant to be therapies,” said Dr. Beniash, who also is a faculty world as well, Dr. Beniash explains. Oceanic regarding the mechanisms of bone formation and secreted. The secreted proteins leave the cells and member in the Pitt Dental Medicine Center for acidification erodes mollusks shells in the same way enamel at the nanoscale. The findings will be form extra cellular matrices, such as biominerals, Craniofacial Regeneration (CCR), the McGowan that acidic soft drinks damage dental enamel. informative for the development of novel bioinspired bones, dentin and enamel. Institute for Regenerative Medicine at the University nanocomposite structures, which can be used in “All organisms, including humans, have a limited of Pittsburgh (MIRM), and the Clinical and mineralized tissue repair and regeneration. Dr. Beniash and Dr. Marazita also found this amount of energy and materials (such as tissue) for Translational Science Institute (CTSI). keratin protein in the enamel matrix, meaning survival and growth. As both animals and humans As every biological process occurs in a highly the protein was outside of the enamel. So, if this have and continue to evolve, trends of evolutionary regulated manner, it’s important to understand protein malfunctions, which causes mechanical trade-offs occur—where one specialized trait is the molecules involved in the biomineralization of and structural changes, then the enamel becomes developed at the expense of another,” Dr. Beniash enamel, which is why other Pitt Dental Medicine susceptible to caries. The compromised mechanical said. clinicians and researchers are looking at the gene properties of enamel result in more cracks, which variations associated with mineralization defects. Dr. Beniash explored these evolutionary differences can facilitate progression of caries. Similarly, The goal is to make connections between these in two closely-related species of oysters from the structural imperfections of enamel—compromised Pacific and Atlantic Oceans. These oysters at packing of the crystals or voids in the enamel—also one time were relatively close cousins but ended can lead to a faster caries progression. up choosing different traits during their evolution, “We can use this knowledge in multiple ways. utilizing separate strategies for survival. Once individuals who have a higher susceptibility He was drawn to this work after publishing a paper to caries are identified, dentists can change their in 2010, which showed that as carbon dioxide prophylaxis and treatment procedures, for example, increases in parts per million, it dissolves into water, having more frequent checkups or applying fluoride Elia Beniash, PhD becoming a carbonic acid, which in turn lowers the Pitt Dental Medicine varnishes more often,” Dr. Beniash said. “This Professor and Interim Chair pH levels in the ocean. Given that animals build research faculty include knowledge also can be used to develop novel Department of Oral Biology Dr. Elia Beniash, their shells from calcium carbonate, Dr. Beniash Dr. Charles Sfeir, bioinspired materials for enamel repair.” wondered how these oysters might respond to such Dr. Robert Weyant and a change. Similar to the erosion of teeth when they Dr. Mary Marazita.

12 University of Pittsburgh School of Dental Medicine Nineteenth Annual Research Symposium 13 Discovering More Using DNA “The process that contributes to caries in the teeth dental decay incidence and increase retention of is also happening in the bones. While some healthy teeth,” she said. Dr. Marazita collaborates with colleagues genes are specific to teeth versus bones, the throughout the United States and in more than 15 demineralization process is the same for both. The countries. She has grant support totaling about $6 ongoing loss of minerals in these tissues can have Early Detection and million annually, mostly from the National Institute of severe health consequences, which is why we’re so Prevention Pathway Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR). She is profoundly interested in learning ways to manage Dr. Dobrawa Napierala engaged in exploring a variety of dental disorders biomineralization and provide new treatment and Victoria Smethurst On the preventive side, Dr. Charles Sfeir, an with some overlap in biomineralization and is options for clinicians,” Dr. Marazita said. associate professor in the Departments of focused mostly on understanding the development Periodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Oral Biology of caries to create better preventive treatments. In terms of treatment, fluoride has been one of and Bioengineering, and holding positions within the most important health advances in the past CTSI and MIRM, is investigating bone and dentin DNA samples from research study participants century and has successfully reduced tooth decay, tissue engineering, biomaterials and cellular provide Dr. Marazita and her colleagues at the Dr. Marazita says. Yet, more work is needed to strategies used to regenerate mineralized tissues, CCDG the basic knowledge to explore genetic understand decay that happens even when fluoride Dr. Napierala looks at biomineralization from a and the modulation of the immune system to contributions to common craniofacial and dental treatments are used. biological perspective, studying how tissues are develop therapies for periodontal disease. traits, including facial birth defects, tooth decay, formed. Her work investigates which biological malocclusion and periodontal disease. Dr. “As we continue to see that additional genes are Dr. Sfeir, who is especially interested in bone factors regulate the positioning of the minerals, Marazita’s team extracts microbial DNA from important, understanding what those genes are proteins and how to properly mineralize tissue, what molecules regulate when mineral is deposited saliva, tooth surfaces and other locations in the gives us a better understanding of what contributes investigates the enzymes associated with into the tissue, and how genetic factors may alter mouth to understand the contribution of bacteria to the formation of teeth—strong and dense enamel phosphates, a chemical derivative of phosphoric that process or cause it to become abnormal. to dental diseases. Further, the CCDG collects and bones. Knowing those molecules can allow us acid. Calcium phosphate materials are used often “An extensive understanding of these molecular important information about a large range of to develop more topical treatments that could help in dental applications involving cements, composites factors will permit us to manipulate the process environmental and behavioral factors that affect oral teeth stay mineralized. We could find treatments and coatings. and allow us to design methods that will enhance health and disease, such as diet, how frequently a that will augment fluoride,” Dr. Marazita says. mineralization. This is the whole genesis of my Dr. Sfeir’s laboratory anticipates that the materials person brushes his or her teeth, if fluoride is in the One Pitt Dental Medicine researcher working on work,” she said. developed within the lab will move into FDA water that they drink regularly, and components of the molecular level is Dr. Dobrawa Napierala, review and clinical trials and as such operates socioeconomic status. While Dr. Napierala’s primary interests lie within an associate professor in the Department of “Good Laboratory Practice” (GLP), an environment Oral Biology. She relocated to Pittsburgh a the mineralization of skeletal tissue, she’s expanded Learn more about Dr. Marazita’s research necessary for such review. couple of years ago specifically to conduct her research toward dentin given the need for by visiting dental.pitt.edu/research. this work together with colleagues who have a research in this area of dentistry. In her laboratory, When looking at the first layer of bone or teeth, complementary expertise in biomineralization. she studies genetically modified mice as models it usually consists of smooth surface of collagen. “It has long been known that different people have The ultimate goal of Dr. Napierala’s research is of human diseases, allowing her and her team to Under that is a specialized layer that is negatively unique susceptibilities to oral diseases such as tooth to translate her fundamental research findings into approximate the processes behind many human charged, which glues the entire tooth together decay (dental caries) based on genetics as well as therapeutic approaches for the regeneration and diseases, including caries. This work is especially in one block. When preparing a tooth for a environmental and socioeconomic impacts. Some repair of skeletal and dental tissues. “Pitt Dental helpful for developing treatments. Dr. Napierala restoration, collagen fibers can often protrude people never get caries while some have caries in Medicine is unquestionably a leader in the area also performs in vitro modeling to better understand from this surface. This becomes the weak point of all of their teeth. We utilize a variety of approaches of biomineralization research. If you go to any how these cells respond to different interactions. interface between the restorative material and hard to tease out individual risk factors including international meeting focused on the subject, we are tissue. genetics, microbiology, and behavioral science” Dr. Going forward, she hopes her research and the very well represented,” Dr. Napierala said. “It’s truly Marazita said. work of others will lead to innovations in tissue Learn more about Dr. Sfeir’s research the strength of the school and why I moved here—to regeneration. “The knowledge we’re gaining from by visiting dental.pitt.edu/research. be part of the multidisciplinary team leading this Dr. Marazita and Dr. Beniash also have performed the research here to drive the repair mechanics microhardness tests of the teeth, as well as using effort.” could lead to new discoveries in restorative Through biomineralization, Dr. Sfeir and others are microscopy tools to look at the physical structure Learn more about Dr. Napierala’s research dentistry. For example, clinicians one day could working to ascertain what can be done to make this of enamel. These approaches are leading them to by visiting dental.pitt.edu/research. put bioactive materials designed specifically to interface stronger. It’s quite similar to the work of Dr. a deeper, more thorough understanding of these stimulate cells to make the right tissue. Such tissue Beniash. concepts, which are important to the disorders they regeneration approach could significantly lower study.

14 University of Pittsburgh School of Dental Medicine Nineteenth Annual Research Symposium 15 On a broader scale, studies related to monitoring a lesion’s progress over time, Dr. Also, thanks to electronic health records, the school biomineralization are intensely important to and Weyant and others want dental students to focus has the ability to track the way in which caries are must always consider our overall physical health, on stopping the caries disease process. The goal is diagnosed and managed for each patient. This since all minerals used as a treatment or ingested to use the materials and products that remineralize technology can ensure that appropriate care is make their way into our bloodstream. When a early decay, ultimately preventing the need for being provided and improve feedback to students person’s levels of ions drop, they must retrieve it restoration. about the success of their prevention and restorative from the bone. Our biological system says, “Hey, interventions. Our curriculum is contemporary and evidence- I’m down on calcium. Let me go get some from based ” Dr. Weyant said. In their first year of study, In the pre-clinical course, students establish a tooth the bones.” When there is enough of the mineral dental students engage in a laboratory course library so they can see the progression of lesions ions present, our body will redeposit it back into to learn a standardized approach to diagnosing and identify if there is a non-cavitated lesion, the bone. All of these deposits and removals are a caries, with an emphasis on early decay. This where treatments could be done to remineralize normal part of our physiology and are needed for course, is taught by Dr. Anchal Malik, assistant without drilling. In the preclinical laboratory course, our livelihood, Dr. Sfeir said. professor in the Department of Dental Public Health students are taught not only to spot early lesions This translates directly to the curriculum being but also learn to apply fluoride varnish as well as Charles Sfeir DDS PhD The course recently was combined with the implemented by Pitt Dental Medicine Department silver diamine fluoride on extracted teeth, In the Associate Dean for Research restorative dentistry course because the appropriate of Dental Public Health. Leading this important preclinical laboratory students are able to visualize Associate Professor management of caries occurs along a continuum Department of Oral Biology and significant effort is Dr. Robert Weyant, the caries disease progression on the extracted from primary prevention (like fluorides), secondary Chair Associate Dean of Dental Public Health and teeth which they collect. prevention of early lesions (like sealants) and Periodontics and Preventive Dentistry Community Outreach and professor and chair in the ultimately restorations. Providing all of this within “We want students to understand these concepts Department of Dental Public Health. Because detecting an early lesion can be difficult, the context of caries prevention and management from the beginning. We want them to understand a number of researchers, including Dr. Sfeir, Dr. Weyant and others are implementing a new in a single course creates an understanding of the how the entire cycle works, so by the time they get are working on ways to stop caries before they curriculum that encourages students to look for very association of the various approaches to prevention to the clinics, they are ready for it,” Dr. Malik said. develop. Generally, the entire field of dentistry early dental decay and consider simple, early and treatment and fosters appropriate, evidence- When it comes to the future, Pitt Dental Medicine is moving in this direction, he said. Studies in treatment options rather than rely upon restoration based care, Dr. Weyant said. faculty overwhelmingly agree that a multidisciplinary biomineralization provide a direct and immediate after caries has damaged the tooth. The goal of approach—in terms of teaching, clinical practice route to stopping caries before they can get a such a change? To inspire students to practice and research—is imperative. strong hold since remineralizing the surface of the comprehensive and consistent evidence-based tooth has been proven in the labs to treat nearly all approaches to dentistry. “Science and technology develop so fast and of the issues related to decay. in so many ways, it is hard to say what could Because dental decay is a slow process, it takes happen next,” Dr. Sfeir says. “It’s evident to us, years for decay to get to the point where a tooth though, that this work will become more and more needs a restoration. Typically, dentists are trained interdisciplinary and will be conducted by diverse Cooperating To Teach to be surgically oriented—using hand pieces to and talented teams that include instructors and Future Clinicians cut away tooth tissue as the routine treatment for clinicians, rather than by only researchers.” decay. Yet, this is an acute management approach There are some unique innovations being used to a chronic disease process (e.g., dental caries). at Pitt and some other institutions. Dr. Sfeir said. Because biomineralization is central to dental Restorations (fillings) do nothing to stop the overall Dr. Daniel Bloomenberg of Norfolk, Virginia, the disciplines, not to mention overall health, disease process. Thus all patients with caries or keynote speaker at Pitt Dental Medicine’s 19th collaborating on dental research efforts is imperative at risk for caries need disease-based interventions Annual Research Symposium, developed a mouth to bringing forth new, innovative treatments. From such as frequent fluorides, sealants and other rinse that will cause early lesions to glow when mineral formation at the nanoscale to genetic testing approaches aimed at arresting the disease process. used allowing dental care providers to address to clinical application, dental researchers must work Cutting away tooth tissues should generally be them before they become less manageable. While Anchal Malik together with experts from a variety of disciplines considered as the last resort. Assistant Professor it is not yet on the market, these are the kind of to harness the power of biomineralization—all to Department of Dental Public Health restore patients’ health. innovations researchers at Pitt and elsewhere are This conservative, disease-management approach developing. is being heavily emphasized in the new cariology curriculum at Pitt Dental Medicine. Instead of

16 University of Pittsburgh School of Dental Medicine Nineteenth Annual Research Symposium 17 Center for Craniofacial Regeneration team

18 University of Pittsburgh School of Dental Medicine Ninteenth Annual Research Symposium 19 Dr. Jacqueline As a pediatric dentist, it was common for Dr. This advice-sharing and influence is especially Burgette Jacqueline Burgette to hear that children were prevalent in areas such as Northern Appalachia receiving candy and soda when visiting their where there is an epidemic of poor oral health grandparents or family friends. These casual in children. Dr. Burgette is intrigued by this area remarks made an impression on Dr. Burgette, and currently is pursuing a study funded by Robert driving her to investigate how parents, family Wood Johnson that will be the first to determine members and friends influence the oral health of whether there is a link between a mother’s children. relationships and the oral health of her child in Northern Appalachia. Dr. Burgette earned her DMD from Harvard University and then a PhD in Health Policy and “For better or worse, we are all influenced by Management at the University of North Carolina the behaviors of those around us—that includes at Chapel Hill. There, her dissertation looked at the how we feed our children, clean their teeth and effect of Early Head Start, a government program, when we take them to the dentist,” Dr. Burgette on children’s use of dental care. said. “Looking at Appalachia, I want to see how mothers’ relationships affect how she cares for her Motivated to continue this work, Dr. Burgette child’s teeth and mouth. I want to see, for example, joined Pitt Dental Medicine in 2017 as an assistant whether children getting cavities is in part due to professor in the Departments of Dental Public Health influences from the people these mothers know.” and Pediatric Dentistry. Her work addresses oral health disparities in children through health services Dr. Burgette said her research would not be research—how people access care, how much it possible without Pitt’s Center for Oral Health costs, as well as patient outcomes. Research in Appalachia (COHRA). In particular, she thanks Dr. Mary Marazita, Dr. Robert Weyant and Dr. Daniel McNeil, as well Zelda Dahl, a staff “It’s not just about where we work member at COHRA, who have been essential to and play, it’s about who we know. My collecting important data from mothers in Northern research seeks to understand just how Appalachia. Jacqueline Burgette DMD PhD powerful those relationships are.” Assistant Professor “It’s not just about where we work and play, it’s Department of Dental Public Health Department of Pediatric Dentistry It became obvious to Dr. Burgette that relationships about who we know,” Dr. Burgette said. “My matter when it comes to oral health. If a close research seeks to understand just how powerful family member tells a mom, ‘It’s important to brush those relationships are.” your teeth with fluoride toothpaste,’ that message could carry more weight than if the mom hears it from someone she doesn’t know well. Similarly, if a mother receives advice from another mom about dental health, that could strongly influence oral health outcomes among children.”

20 University of Pittsburgh School of Dental Medicine Nineteenth Annual Research Symposium 21 Dr. Giuseppe Pittsburgh has been a breath of fresh air for sarcoma, they are unsure what to do once it has Intini Dr. Giuseppe Intini, associate professor in the metastasized. Therefore, morality rates are similar to Department of Periodontics and Preventive Dentistry those three decades ago. and a member of the Center for Craniofacial Regeneration (CCR). Funding support from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) permits Dr. Intini to perform much Born in Italy, Dr. Intini’s previous appointment was of the necessary research to better understand at the Harvard School of Dental Medicine, nestled this peculiar cancer. He is working under the in the bustling area of Cambridge, Massachusetts. hypothesis that cancer stem cells are involved in the There, he worked on stem cell research alongside development of sarcoma and, more specifically, the a number of esteemed scholars. Here at Pitt Dental metastasis, which usually occurs in the lungs. Medicine, he is able to work more frequently with Pitt colleagues from all disciplines, which he prefers. In the lab, he and his team are tracing cell signaling. By watching this cellular behavior in “When you are at a big place like Harvard, a cancerous micro-environment, he can explore the opportunities to create collaborations across exactly how metastasis occurs. departments are not always easy,” Dr. Intini said. “At Pitt, people are eager and willing to “If we figure this out, we can work on new therapies collaborate, and these partnerships almost happen that would specifically target these cells and organically. It’s a fantastic place to be.” increase the survival rate of this aggressive cancer, which is a big cause of death among children,” Dr. “At Pitt, people are eager and Intini said. willing to collaborate. It’s a fantastic place to be.” During his time at Pitt Dental Medicine, Dr. Intini has forged a number of connections. He is involved Dr. Intini’s research focuses on the biology of with the Pittsburgh Sarcoma Research group, a the skeletal and periodontal stem cells. His lab new group comprising cancer biologists and studies the molecular mechanisms that control the cancer doctors. He also is starting new work with “stemness” of these stem cells—their contribution Dr. Charles Sfeir looking at amino modulators in to tissue repair and regeneration, and their role in periodontal disease. “Dr. Sfeir is actually one of the the development of certain bone and periodontal reasons I moved here—he’s been trying to get me diseases. to join Pitt for years. I’m glad to be here now,” Dr. Itini said. Dr. Intini is particularly focused on osteosarcoma—a cancer of the bone diagnosed primarily in people Dr. Intini feels at home in his new city and among under the age of 25 and one of the leading causes his peers at the University of Pittsburgh, he is of death among young children. impressed by the overall nature of humanity. “It is an environment where people are happy,” he said. Over the past 30 years, there has been little “That’s very significant to me and has played a role Giuseppe Intini DDS PhD improvement in treatment options for this cancer. in my own work here.” Associate Professor While doctors have figured out how to intercept a Department of Periodontics and Preventive Dentistry

22 University of Pittsburgh School of Dental Medicine Nineteenth Annual Research Symposium 23 Dr. Fatima Dr. Fatima Syed-Picard is a builder at heart. Her now in the field of tissue engineering,” Dr. Syed- Syed-Picard groundbreaking work in craniofacial regeneration Picard said. “A big focus of mine is to uncover and therapy is motivated by a desire to form the mechanisms that allow cells to, on their own, bridges between biologists and engineers. produce multiple organized tissue. We hope to use these constructs not only for regenerative treatment “I love watching how different people approach the devices but models of tissue development as well.” same problem. I’ve always known how important it is working with diverse backgrounds, and that Dr. Syed-Picard’s current research direction influences my research here at Pitt Dental Medicine,” considers peripheral-nerve and facial nerve said Dr. Syed-Picard, an assistant professor in the regeneration. Under current medical practice, School of Dental Medicine Department of Oral facial nerve damage is repaired by end-to-end Biology and member of the Center for Craniofacial suturing or using autograft tissue where the healing Regeneration (CCR). process takes a long time. Even then, fully functional recovery may not be possible. Prior to joining Pitt Dental Medicine, Dr. Syed- Picard studied materials science at the University Recent studies have shown that certain neurotrophic of Michigan, where she most often worked with factors can enhance regeneration if delivered to the engineers. She then went on to work for the damaged tissue. Yet, it’s unclear how. In an effort to National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial learn more, Dr. Syed-Picard produces scaffold-free Research (NIDCR). cell sheets, which are layers of dental-pulp cells grown on culture dishes in the lab, which in turn These two experiences shaped Dr. Syed- produce neutrophic factors. Picard’s career, leading her toward a PhD in bioengineering, which she earned from Pitt in “We have a lot of work showing that our cell sheets 2013. Now, she studies dental stem cells and tissue are producing high levels of these neurotrophic engineering at Pitt Dental Medicine factors. The implantation of these sheets at sites of facial nerve injury could potentially really accelerate Being an engineer has proven to be instrumental and enhance regeneration,” Dr. Syed-Picard said. Fatima Syed-Picard MSE PhD to Dr. Syed-Picard’s research, which focuses on Assistant Professor regenerating tissue­—such as bone, dentin-pulp She continues working to bridge the gap between Department of Oral Biology complex and nerve—for therapeutic use. Her work engineers and scientists, and feels strongly focuses on scaffold-free tissue engineering. These supported in her research efforts at Pitt. Now, 3D tissues mimic naturally formed, healthy tissue thanks to the rich expertise of her peers at Pitt and can be used as a therapy for patients who Dental Medicine, she can reach out farther and have damaged or diseased tissues. collaborate on a much broader scale.

“It’s important to have diversity in “It’s important to have diversity in backgrounds backgrounds when building teams ... when building teams that are working on the best research happens in teams.” regenerative medicine,” Dr. Syed-Picard said. “The best research happens in teams. Given Pitt Dental “Scaffold-free tissue engineering gives cells the Medicine’s strong involvement in this area, I feel I ability to self-assemble into organized, multi-tissue have all of the resources and collaborators I need or organ structures, which is a huge problem right to be successful.”

24 University of Pittsburgh School of Dental Medicine Nineteenth Annual Research Symposium 25 Dr. Dobrawa A background in biology is essential for Dental tissues are inevitably affected by Napierala understanding the mineralization process in inappropriate phosphate levels. For example, dentistry, something Dr. Dobrawa Napierala patients with hypophosphatemia or phosphate learned early in her career. deficiency have under mineralized teeth and periodontal disease. On the other hand, patients In her native Poland, she trained as a bone biologist with hyperphosphatemia, a condition indicating and worked on skeletal tissues, their development high phosphate or an excess of phosphate, may and disease. Through her work, she quickly have overgrown tooth roots and dental pulp stones. became curious about the process of mineralization and how it is regulated at the molecular level. Understanding how phosphate affects the physiology of cells is important in terms of Now, Dr. Napierala is an associate professor in the understanding these dental disorders and formation Department of Oral Biology at Pitt Dental Medicine of dental tissues, Dr. Napierala says. “How do with a joint appointment in the Department of cells sense phosphate? How do they know how Periodontics and Preventive Dentistry. much is available? What do they do in response to phosphate on the molecular level? My work is investigating the molecular pathways these cells use “It’s an exciting time to be at Pitt ... we to active the mineralization process.” have some of the top experts in the field working together to understand Dr. Napierala approaches her work from multiple the mineralization process.” angles with one clear goal in mind: improving human health. If she and other researchers at Pitt Driven to understand mineralization as it relates to Dental Medicine can understand the molecular dentistry, she moved to Pittsburgh to study with the process behind mineralization, it could lead to a experts in the field. number of discoveries and treatments.

“It’s an exciting time to be at Pitt,” Dr. Napierala “I’m honored to work alongside researchers such says. “Here, we have some of the top experts as Dr. Elia Beniash, Dr. Charles Sfeir, and others, in the field working together to understand the whose work is intricately intertwined with mine,” she mineralization process. Their expertise perfectly said. “Together, we really can look at this process complements my own.” in more detail, which could aid in a number of regeneration treatments and modalities.” Currently, Dr. Napierala is trying to understand how cells respond to phosphate ions, which is important for biomineralization. Phosphate ions together with calcium form a mineral in all hard dental tissues. Dr. Dobrawa Napierala PhD Associate Professor Department of Oral Biology Department of Periodontics and Preventive Denistry

26 University of Pittsburgh School of Dental Medicine Nineteenth Annual Research Symposium 27 Dr. Patrick True discovery will be made between scientific Dr. Donnelly also is interested in zirconia, a ceramic Donnelly disciplines—not in an individual discipline. This material being used as a fixed prosthesis and thinking drives the work of Dr. Patrick Donnelly, implant. His current work investigates the low- a current student at Pitt Dental Medicine, whose temperate phase transitions in zirconia that may research lies at the intersection of chemistry and ultimately compromise device performance. This biology. material, once better understood, could eventually be a game changer in the dental field. Dr. Donnelly has spent his academic life engaged in chemistry research. He earned his master’s No matter the project, Dr. Donnelly approaches his degree and PhD from Princeton University, where he work with a multidisciplinary lens, and has since focused on the chemistry of surfaces and interfaces. the beginning of his research career. He has long After graduation, he spent three years at Hospital known that to be successful, he must work with for Special Surgery (HSS) as a National Institutes experts across fields to tackle hard problems. of Health (NIH) T32 postdoctoral fellow, where he studied articular cartilage—the white tissue coating “It is not always easy to leave your field and bones at joints. your comfort zone to address these problems.” Dr. Donnelly said. But thanks to excitement and “Pitt Dental Medicine has research numerous engagement opportunities at Pitt, he’s and clinical faculty that are very been able to do this fairly easily. interested and excited to work on ... true cutting-edge research,” “Pitt Dental Medicine has research and clinical faculty that are very interested and excited to work on multidisciplinary projects, and this has enabled His work at Princeton and HSS led quite naturally me to work on true cutting-edge research,” Dr. to an interest in dental regeneration, which also Donnelly said. “It’s advanced my research efforts relates to surface chemistry. As a research fellow while also broadening my scope. It’s an exciting at the Center for Craniofacial Regeneration (CCR), place to be for this type of work.” Dr. Donnelly is working under the advisement of Dr. Juan M. Taboas. Together, they are studying the synthesis and characterization of gelation hydrogels, unique materials that can be used for dental pulp regeneration. These gelatinous sponges can be used as scaffolds to mimic the mouth’s healthy native tissues.

Patrick E. Donnelly PhD DMD Student Class of 2021

28 University of Pittsburgh School of Dental Medicine Nineteenth Annual Research Symposium 29 clinics, including those involving birth defects. The of the NIH Director (https://commonfund.nih.gov/ Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics most common facial birth defects are orofacial kidsfirst/overview). In the past year, there have clefts, such as cleft lip and cleft palate. Orofacial been 16 new publications regarding orofacial cleft clefts create feeding difficulties early in life and research results from Dr. Marazita, Dr. Weinberg, DISCOVERING THE GENETIC BASIS FOR require numerous surgical and dental interventions, and collaborators. as well as speech therapy and other ongoing MANY CRANIOFACIAL CONCERNS services. Moreover, these individuals face increased Improving Lives in Appalachia risk for mental health problems, certain types of In addition to orofacial cleft research, Dr. Marazita cancer and have overall a higher mortality rate. and the CCDG are engaged in research aimed Ever since her postdoctoral years in the 1980s, at determining sources of oral health disparities in Dr. Marazita has been continuously funded for her high risk, Northern Appalachian populations in orofacial cleft research by the National Institute West Virginia and western Pennsylvania. The goal for Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR), of this project is to design effective interventions The Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics Current research priorities of the CCDG include: part of the National Institutes of Health (NIH). to reduce these disparities by examining genetic, (CCDG) is an innovative University of Pittsburgh genomic and phenotypic studies of orofacial Her studies have led her to collaborations around environmental, behavioral, and microbiological Center of Excellence located in the School of clefting in populations around the world; studies the globe with research sites on every continent factors and patterns of transmission within families Dental Medicine, directed by Professor Mary L. of the etiologic factors contributing to dental caries except Antarctica. Current collaborators include in Appalachia in order to understand the causes of Marazita and co-directed by Associate Professor and other oral health issues affecting Northern investigators in the Philippines, Colombia, Nigeria, these oral health disparities. This research began Seth Weinberg. Since its inception in 2001, the Appalachian populations; and identification Puerto Rico and various sites in the United States. CCDG has grown to a team of about 40 faculty, of the genes that impact variation in specific in 2000 with receipt of the first grant from the staff and students, and currently is housed in the facial features. These priorities are spearheaded Recent new funding to support the CCDG’s NIDCR, in collaboration with colleagues at West Bridgeside Point 1 building, on the Monongahela by CCDG faculty, including Dr. Marazita and orofacial cleft research includes new grants Virginia University and the University of Michigan. River near the Hot Metal Bridge, close to the Dr. Weinberg, plus an extensive network of received from the Gabriella Miller Kids First Since those collaborations began in 2000, multiple University of Pittsburgh Oakland campus. collaborators within the University of Pittsburgh and Pediatric Research Initiative (GMKF) from the Office research grants have been received by the CCDG at many other universities world-wide. from the NIH. The currently-funded Center for Oral Health Research in Appalachia (COHRA) projects Dr. Marazita received her PhD in genetics with “All of our faces are unique and our facial features include multidisciplinary analyses of (i) a cohort an emphasis on biostatistics from the University show a great deal of variation. Evidence points to of households in rural Appalachia; (ii) a cohort of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, followed by a the fact that much of this observable variation can be of Caucasian mother-child pairs recruited during postdoctoral fellowship in craniofacial biology at explained by genetic differences among individuals.” pregnancy and followed until the child reaches the University of Southern California. After holding —Dr. Seth Weinberg at least age 6; and (iii) a new cohort of African faculty positions at UCLA and the Medical College American mother-child pairs recruited during of Virginia, Dr. Marazita joined the University of pregnancy. Pittsburgh in 1993 as Director of the Cleft Palate- Craniofacial Center Clinical Services team. These studies in Appalachia have led to 5 publications in the last year. Notably, data from Dr. Marazita has been involved in the studies of the study has been part of a global consortium to a wide variety of human traits and disorders over analyze dental genetics in a very large combined Mary L Marazita PhD the years, including birth defects, oral diseases, cohort with results expected to be published in the premature birth, behavioral and psychiatric near future. Director, CCDG conditions, diabetes and many others. She has Professor of Oral Biology, Human Genetics, two current major research projects: genomic and Discovering the Genetic Basis for Facial and Clinical and Translational Sciences phenotypic studies of orofacial cleft birth defects; Variation and studies of genetic, microbiological and CCDG studies on the genetic basis of normal- behavioral factors impacting oral health in children. range variation in human facial features were She also is participating in Dr. Weinberg’s studies spurred initially by the CCDG phenotypic studies of normal facial variation. of orofacial clefting and are led by CCDG Co- Director and Department of Oral Biology Associate Dr. Marazita’s involvement in orofacial cleft Dr. Marazita’s involvement in orofacial cleft research Seth Weinberg PhD Professor, Seth Weinberg, PhD. research traces its roots back to her time as traces its roots back to her time as a postdoctoral Co-director, CCDG student in the 1980s, and partly results from her a postdoctoral student in the 1980s Associate Professor of Oral Biology, “All of our faces are unique and our facial features training in medical genetics, during which she show a great deal of variation. Evidence points logged many hours in medical genetics specialty to the fact that much of this observable variation

30 University of Pittsburgh School of Dental Medicine Nineteenth Annual Research Symposium 31 can be explained by genetic differences among Multiple high-profile publications have arisen from individuals,” said Dr. Weinberg. “Our goal is to Dr. Weinberg’s studies in recent years, including identify which parts of the genome are associated two particularly important papers on this topic. with specific facial features.” Studies like this can help researchers gain a better understanding of In late 2017, in a paper published in the American how particular genes and pathways influence facial Journal of Human Genetics, exploded the myth development, improve knowledge of how genetic that earlobe attachment is not a simple Mendelian variation relates to the features in certain birth trait, as so many of us learned in grade school. defects and syndromes, and eventually allow for On the contrary, almost 50 regions in the genome creation of predictive models about how the face appear to be associated with this trait. The study grows. also showed that many of the implicated genes are expressed in the developing human and mouse Not long after joining the Pitt Dental Medicine ear. This project, which included almost 75,000 faculty in 2009, Dr. Weinberg received funding participants, was a joint collaboration led by Dr. as part of the NIDCR FaceBase Consortium to Weinberg. It involved numerous collaborators investigate genetic influences on normal-range around the world including faculty and students in facial traits. As part of FaceBase, Dr. Weinberg Pitt’s Department of Human Genetics, colleagues at led the effort to create the first web-based, public the University of Washington, the Shanghai Institutes repository of normal human 3D facial images for Biological Sciences, University College London, and measurements—the 3D Facial Norms Project. and the personal genomics company 23andMe. Dr. Weinberg, with a background in physical anthropology, has research interests in the etiology In early 2018, Dr. Weinberg and colleagues at of craniofacial birth defects, the genetic basis of Pitt, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (in Belgium), human craniofacial variation, and the application Stanford University and Penn State University of morphometrics and imaging to the student of published a major paper on human facial gene complex craniofacial traits. mapping in Nature Genetics. Using an innovative machine-learning approach to measuring the face, Learn more about the 3D Facial Norms Project this work identified 15 well-replicated genetic by visiting facebase.org/facial_norms. regions associated with distinct aspects of facial morphology. Many of the implicated genes are known to be involved in craniofacial development or in syndromes where the face is affected. Moreover, the team was able to show that variants in or near these genes impact the behavior of cranial neural crest cells, which are critical for building the face during early development.

Commenting on this paper, Dr. Weinberg said, “This is probably the most important work I have been involved with to date. It shows the true power of cross-disciplinary collaboration, melding together expertise in anthropology, computer science, genomics, bioinformatics, and cell biology.”

More recently, over the past year, 5 additional publications on facial variation by Dr. Weinberg and collaborators have been published, with multiple others in preparation. These are made possible by a recent $1.7 million NIH grant awarded to Dr. Weinberg and collaborator Dr. John Shaffer (secondary appointment in the Department of Oral Biology) to continue this line of investigation.

32 University of Pittsburgh School of Dental Medicine Nineteenth Annual Research Symposium 33 Keynote Dr. Franklin Tay received his BDSc with first class Speaker honors from the University of Queensland School BIOMIMETIC MINERALIZATION of Dentistry in Australia in 1981, his PhD from the University of Hong Kong, China, in 1997 and completed his endodontic residency at the Medical OF COLLAGEN College of Georgia in 2007. He is a Diplomate Remineralization of demineralized dentin is In this presentation, the changing concepts in of the American Board of Endodontics. Currently, important for improving dentin bonding stability calcium phosphate mineralization of fibrillar he is professor and chair of the Department of and controlling primary and secondary caries. collagen will be reviewed including the recently Endodontics, College of Dental Medicine, Georgia Nevertheless, a conventional dentin remineralization discovered, non-classical particle-based Regents University. strategy is not suitable for remineralizing completely crystallization concept; formation of polymer- demineralized dentin within hybrid layers created induced liquid- precursors (PILP); experimental Dr. Tay serves as associate editor for the Journal of by etch-and-rinse and moderately aggressive collagen models for mineralization; and the Endodontics and Journal of Dentistry. His research self-etch adhesive systems, or the superficial part need for using phosphate-containing biomimetic interests include biomineralization of collagen of a caries-affected dentin lesion left behind after analogs for biomimetic mineralization of collagen. scaffolds with apatite and/or silica; remineralization minimally invasive caries removal. The problems and progress associated with the of resin-dentin bonds; antimicrobial sol-gel translation of a scientifically-sound concept into a chemistry; and mesoporous silica and endodontic Biomimetic remineralization represents a different clinically-applicable approach will be discussed. materials. He is a fellow of the Academy of Dental approach to this problem by attempting to backfill Materials and has published more than 500 papers the demineralized dentin collagen with liquid-like in peer-reviewed journals. amorphous calcium phosphate nano precursor particles that are stabilized by biomimetic analogs of noncollagenous proteins. Franklin Tay BDSc (Hons) PhD Chair and Professor, Department of Endodontics The Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University

34 University of Pittsburgh School of Dental Medicine Nineteenth Annual Research Symposium 35 Keynote Dr. Steven Bloembergen founded GreenMark Speaker Biomedical in Michigan in 2016 to deliver TARGETED BIOBASED health-based benefits to society through biobased targeting technologies. GreenMark’s mission is to “enable dentists to preserve teeth through early NANOMATERIALS FOR diagnosis and treatment.” MINIMALLY INVASIVE Dr. Bloembergen has 30 years of leadership experience in the development and HEALTHCARE APPLICATIONS commercialization of biomaterials. He started a company called EcoSynthetix (ECO) in Lansing, Problem Dental caries is the most prevalent chronic disease professional. If the process is not reversed, tiny Michigan, in 1996, now a global corporation. worldwide, and nearly everyone will develop open microchannels in the enamel surface allow

In January 2011 ECO opened its state-of-the-art caries at some point in their life.1-4 At any given time acid to continue entering the subsurface. The Center of Innovation facility in Burlington, Ontario, 42% of children and 25% of adults have untreated lesion thus becomes more and more porous, until it where it pursues the development of biobased caries,1,3 leading to complications ranging from eventually cavitates, requiring surgical restoration. products for industrial applications. He and his pain, infection, poor quality of life and in rare However, the caries process is dynamic and it is

team helped prove out the technology with pilot cases, death.5-10 Globally it is estimated that over now understood that early stage caries is reversible lines and production sites in the United States $200 Billion is spent annually on the management with better hygiene and remineralization agents

and Europe, building a manufacturing capacity of this disease and its complications.11 Surgical such as high fluoride treatments or toothpastes.15 for starch nanoparticles in excess of 200 million treatment results in an irreversible restorative cycle It is also known that some caries become inactive

pounds per year. The company held its IPO in leading to multiple replacement restorations, crowns or “arrested” and do not require any treatment,16,17 August 2011 (TSX: ECO) and was Canada’s largest and eventually tooth loss or dental implants as because the porosity particularly on the surface has patients age. Carious lesions initially form when been reduced by mineral and/or protein deposition. Steven PhD IPO in the clean technology (cleantech) sector. In 12-14 Bloembergen 2012, Steven received the Ernst and Young 2012 bacteria in the dental biofilm ferment sugars and A better understanding of the caries process has led Chairman and CEO Entrepreneur of the Year Award. He developed a produce organic acids, which demineralize enamel. to a paradigm shift in caries management which As minerals leach from enamel rods, the area emphasizes enamel preservation, leading to better GreenMark Biomedical, Inc. broad global IP portfolio and established a network of university collaborators. These collaborations, becomes more porous and weakens. The early oral health outcomes.16-22 The main problem is using ECO’s starch nanoparticles for dental & lesion is comprised of a surface layer (surface zone) that current diagnostic methods are unsatisfactory. medical applications, resulted in the foundational which appears relatively unaffected by the carious Diagnostic tools for early detection of caries on

technology for GreenMark. attack compared to the subsurface (lesion body). vulnerable tooth surfaces are limited,23-26 as is Areas of subsurface porosity present clinically as the ability to monitor the positive impact from

Dr. Bloembergen is the inventor of more than 25 a milky white opacity known as a “white spot remineralization treatments.2 7, 2 8 Current diagnostics patent families related to biomaterials. He received lesion” and identify early stage caries to the dental include the visual exam and X-Rays which have his PhD in polymer science and engineering from the University of Waterloo, Ontario. His passions include entrepreneurship and downhill skiing.

36 University of Pittsburgh School of Dental Medicine Nineteenth Annual Research Symposium 37 limited sensitivity. Dentists typically identify white This involves calcium/phosphate/fluoride loaded 16. Gomez, J. Detection and diagnosis of the early caries 34. Ismail, A., et al., The International Caries Detection lesion. BMC Oral Health 2015; 15 Suppl 1: S3. and Assessment System (ICDAS): an integrated system spot lesions when they are at least 0.5 mm in size. starch nanoparticles and using them to target for measuring dental caries. Community Dent Oral 17. Fontana, M., Zero, D.T., Assessing patients’ caries risk. Smaller (early) carious lesions are generally missed. the interior of early pre-cavities to non-invasively Epidemiol, 2007; 35(3): 170-178. JADA 20 06; 137(9): pg 1231-1239. X-Ray images of teeth delineate advanced cavities remineralize and repair them, designed to enable 35. Zandona, A.F., Zero, D.T., Diagnostic tools for early 18. Pitts, N.B., Modern perspective on caries activity and caries detection. J Am Dent Assoc 20 0 6;137:1675 – 8 4. but lack the resolution to identify early forming pain-free dentistry and help eliminate patient fear, a control. JADA 2011; 142(7):790-792. 36. Gomez, J., et al., Non-cavitated carious lesions detection lesions.16,27 Tactile probing with a dental explorer common barrier to dental care. 19. Jallad, M. et al., In vitro Detection of Occlusal Caries on methods: a systematic review. Community Dent Oral Permanent Teeth by a Visual, Light-Induced Fluorescence is widely used but this can cause cavitation. Epidemiol, 2013. 41(1): p. 54-66. 29-33 and Photothermal Radiometry and Modulated Several emerging techniques for caries detection Luminescence Methods. Caries Res 2015; 49(5): p. 523- 37. Zero, D.T., Zandona, A.F., Vail, M.M. et al., Dental have been developed to try to address these 30. Caries and Pulpal Disease. Dent Clin N Am 2011; 55: 29–44. 20. Ismail, A.I., Pitts, N.B., Tellez, M., The International drawbacks,8,14,24 however, these methods require Caries Classification and Management System 38. Ekstrand, K.R., Ricketts, D.N.J., Longbottom, C., Pitts, additional equipment, show little benefit over (ICCMS™) An Example of a Caries Management N.B., Visual and Tactile Assessment of Arrested Initial visual & tactile detection, and incur greater cost Pathway. BMC Oral Health 2015; 15(Suppl 1): S9. Enamel Carious Lesions: An In Vivo Pilot Study. Caries Res 2005;39:173–177. to dentist and patient.23,24,34-36 There is to date no 21. Frencken, J.E., Peters, M.C., Manton, D.J., Leal, S.C., reliable method to determine caries “activity” at REFERENCES Gordan, V.V., Eden, E., Minimal intervention dentistry for 39. Jones, N.A., et al., Nanoparticle-Based Targeting and managing dental caries - a review: report of a FDI task Detection of Microcavities. Adv Healthc Mater, 2017. 1. NIH NIDCR data 2015: http://www.nidcr.nih.gov/ the point of care, in one visit.34-38 This is a critical group. Int Dent J 2012; 62(5):223-43. 6(1). DataStatistics/FindDataByTopic/DentalCaries/. factor in clinical decision making and remains the 22. Garcia, R.I., Sohn, W., The Paradigm Shift to Prevention 40. van Ballegooie, P., Greenall, P., Bloembergen, S., 2. Marcenes, W., Kassebaum, N.J., Bernabé, E. et al., holy grail of cariology. Dentists currently rely on and its Relationship to Dental Education. J Dent Education DeJong, R., EcoSphere® biolatex® binders: Next Global burden of oral conditions in 1990-2010: a 2012; 76 (1): 36-45. generation solutions for today’s paper coating industry, subjective assessments of the lesion to determine if systematic analysis. J Dent Res 2013;92:592–597. World Pulp & Paper. The International Review for the Pulp 23. Bader, J.D., Shugars, D.A., Bonito, A.J., A systematic and Paper Industry, 2012, 100. it is active,35,38 often resorting to placing lesions on 3. Oral Health Fact Sheet. 2012; Fact Sheet 318]. From: review of selected caries prevention and management a “watch” with no means to determine success of http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs318/en/. methods. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2001; 29(6): 41. van Ballegooie, P., Bloembergen, S., Greenall, P. preventive approaches or conservative treatments, 4. Petersen, P.E., et al., The global burden of oral diseases p. 399-411. and DeJong, R., EcoSynthetix’ three pillar approach: 2 Delivering economic feasibility – high performance – and risks to oral health. Bulletin World Health Organ 24. Bader, J.D., et al., Diagnosis and management of dental besides waiting to see if a lesion advances and sustainability advantages. World Pulp & Paper, The 2005. 83(9): p. 661-669. caries: summary. Agency for Healthcare Research and International Review for the Pulp and Paper Industry, eventually cavitates, leading to surgical intervention. Quality 2001. 1998-2005. 5. Lewis, C., & Stout, J., Toothache in U.S. Children. Arch 2013, 88-92. Alternatively, dentists inappropriately proceed with Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2010; 164: 1059–1063. 25. Rindal, B.J., et al., Methods dentists use to diagnose 42. Bloembergen, S., VanEgdom, E., Wildi, R., McLennan, primary caries lesions prior to restorative treatment: invasive treatment of inactive/arrested lesions. 6. Casamassimo, P.S., Thikkurissy, S., Burton, M.S. et al., I.J., Lee, D.I., Klass, C.P., van Leeuwen, J., Biolatex Findings from The Dental PBRN. Tex Dent J, 2015; Beyond the dmft: The Human and Economic Cost of Binders for Paper and Paperboard Applications. J Pulp 132(2): p. 102-9. Early Childhood Caries. JADA 2009; 140(6): 650-657. Paper Sci., 36, 2011, No 3-4, p. 151-161. Solution Stemming from an invention at University of 26. Hamilton, J.C., Stookey, G., Should a dental explorer 7. Sun, B.C., Chi, D.L., Schwarz, E. et al., Emergency 43. Bloembergen, S., Pampolha Santos, M., Greenall, P., be used to probe suspected carious lesions? JADA 205. Michigan (UofM), GreenMark Biomedical is Department Visits for Nontraumatic Dental Problems: A DeJong, R., Shin, J.Y., Jones, N., Fleming, P.D., Joyce, 136 (11); 1526-1532. developing LumiCare™. This new diagnostic is a Mixed-Methods Study. Am J Public Health 2015; 105(5): M.K. and Lee, D.I., The Effects of Biolatex Binders on the 947–955. 27. NIH Consensus Development Conference on Diagnosis Dynamic Water Retention Properties of Paper Coating quick aqueous oral rinse containing proprietary 8. Laudenbach, J.M., Simon, Z., Common Dental and and Management of Dental Caries Throughout Life. J Formulations. 46th ABTCP International Pulp and Paper functionalized nanoparticles made from food- Periodontal Diseases. Med Clin North Am, 2014; 98 (6): Dent Edu 2001; 65(10): 935-1179. Congress, Sao Paulo Brazil, Proceedings of the 2013 1239-1260. ABTCP, October, 8-10, 2013. grade starch.39-46 LumiCare™ is to be administered 28. Pitts, N.B., J.W. Stamm, International Consensus following dental cleaning, as part of the routine 9. Zero, D.T., Zandona, A.F., Vail, M.M. et al., Dental Workshop on Caries Clinical Trials (ICW-CCT)--final 44. Bloembergen, S., McLennan, I.J., van Leeuwen, J. and Caries and Pulpal Disease. Dent Clin N Am 2011; 5: consensus statements: agreeing where the evidence Lee, D.I., Specialty Biobased Monomers and Emulsion dental exam. The product selectively associates 29–41. leads. J Dent Res, 2004. 83 Spec No C: p. C125-8. Polymers Derived from Starch. 2010 PTS Advanced Coating Fundamentals Symposium, Munich, Germany, with the subsurface of active carious lesions which 29. Ekstrand, K, Qvist, V., Thylstrup, A., Light microscope 10. Leal S.C., Bronkhorst, E.M., Fan, M., Frencken, J.E., Oct. 11-13, 2010. illuminate using a standard curing lamp found in Untreated Cavitated Dentine Lesions: Impact on study of the effect of probing in occlusal surfaces. Caries Children’s Quality of Life. Caries Res 2012;46:102–106. Res 1987; 21(4): 368-37 45. Bloembergen, S., Jones, N.A., et al., Aptamer every dental practice, augmenting the dentist’s Bioconjugate Drug Delivery Device. WO2012975414, 30. Warren, J.J., Levy, S.M., Wefel, J.S., Explorer probing 11. List, S., Galloway, I.J., Mossey, P.A., Global Economic Priority Date: Sept. 21, 2012; US2012/056582, PCT visual exam. By earlier detection and identifying of root caries lesions: an in vitro study. Spec Care Dent Impact of Dental Diseases. J Dent Res 2015; 94 (10): WO2013/081720; global patent filings in US, Canada, 2003, 23 (1): 18-22. “activity”, the test will prevent unnecessary treatment 1355-1361. EU, and Japan assigned to GreenMark. of inactive/arrested lesions and allow greater 31. Patterson, R.C., Watts, A., Saunders, W.P., Part 1: 12. Featherstone, J.D., The caries balance: the basis for 46. Lahann, J., Chang, S.R., Clarkson, B., Jones, N.A., Introduction. Modern concepts in the diagnosis and use of noninvasive treatments of active lesions caries management by risk assessment. Oral Health Prev Czajka-Jakubowska, A., Detection and Treatment Dent 2004. 2 Suppl 1: p. 259-64. treatment of fissure cares. Quintessence, Chicago 1990. such as plaque removal, fluoride treatments and/ of Caries and Microcavities with Nanoparticles. 13. Zero, D.T., Zandona, A.F., Vail, M.M. et al., Dental 32. Penning, C., Van Amerongen, J.P., Seef, R.E., ten Care, WO2017070578; Priority Date: Oct. 21, 2015; PCT or toothpastes. Success of these interventions can Caries and Pulpal Disease. Dent Clin N Am 55 (2011) J.M., Validity of probing for fissure caries diagnosis. filing Oct. 21, 2016; National phase filings, April 2018 be monitored at subsequent dental visits by further 29–4. Caries Res 26 (6). in US, Canada, Brazil, Europe, China, Japan, and Korea; US application published as 201711294. application of LumiCare™, to result in improved oral 14. Zandona, F.A., Santiago, E., Eckert, G.J. et al., The 33. Bergman, G., Linden, L.A., The action of the explorer on incipient caries. Sven Tandlak Tidskr 62 (10). health outcomes. GreenMark’s technology platform Natural History of Dental Caries Lesions: A 4-year Observational Study. J Dent Res 2012; 91 (9); 841-846. also has other dental and medical applications 15. Zero, D.T., et al., The biology, prevention, diagnosis currently under development. The development of and treatment of dental caries: scientific advances in the BioFilling™, for example, is being supported by United States. J Am Dent Assoc, 2009. 140 Suppl 1: p. 25S-34S. the NIH/NIDCR funded Michigan-Pittsburgh-Wyss Regenerative Medicine (MPWRM) Resource Center.

38 University of Pittsburgh School of Dental Medicine Nineteenth Annual Research Symposium 39 RESEARCH CLUSTERS

Center for Craniofacial The Center for Craniofacial Regeneration (CCR) Bernard J Costello, DMD, MD Regeneration is dedicated to the development of technologies Professor and Dean and clinical therapies for craniofacial repair and regeneration. This University of Pittsburgh Jin Gao, PhD Center of Excellence is a global leader in this Research Assistant Professor rapidly developing field. Our strength lies in the Genetics plays an increasingly critical role in CCDG Faculty Xuehui Geng, MD Center for Craniofacial synergistic approach to translational research by modern biomedical science and clinical practice, Research Scientist and Dental Genetics clinicians, engineers, and basic scientists. Our including dental and craniofacial sciences. The Mary L. Marazita, BS, PhD, FACMG vibrant intellectual environment is committed to the T Jayaraman, MS, PhD University of Pittsburgh historically has been a leader Professor academic excellence and career development Assistant Professor in genetics, developing one of the first Departments CCDG Director of faculty, clinicians, post-docs, fellows, graduate of Human Genetics in the nation. Within the School Katherine Neiswanger, BA, MA, PhD and undergraduate students, and visiting scholars. Kai Liu, MD, PhD of Dental Medicine, this tradition is embodied in Research Associate Professor The expertise of our cell and molecular biologists, Research Associate the Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics developmental biologists, polymer chemists, (CCDG), which was established as a University Henry C. Margolis, PhD Seth M. Weinberg, BA, MA, PhD material scientists, bioengineers, and clinicians Research Center of Excellence in 2001. Research at Clinical Professor Associate Professor allows the innovative employment of therapeutic the CCDG is primarily focused on understanding the systems from the molecular to the tissue level. Dobrawa Napierala, PhD etiological basis of complex oral and craniofacial To meet these challenges, the CCR strives to Associate Professor traits, notably dental caries, orofacial clefting, foster multidisciplinary approaches to regenerate and normal facial variation, with an emphasis on mineralized, temporomandibular joints, and soft Herbert L. Ray Jr., DMD genomic and phenotypic analyses. tissues of craniofacial structures. To this end, we Assistant Professor employ tissue-engineered strategies such as cellular Led by Director Dr. Mary L. Marazita and co- Sayuri Smith, DDS, PhD, DMD therapies, biomaterials and mechanobiology. Director Dr. Seth M. Weinberg, the CCDG currently Assistant Professor comprises 3 faculty (plus 10 additional affiliated Our innovation Center members have developed faculty), 28 staff, and 15 students and post-doctoral new and unique technologies leading to licensing Fatima Syed-Picard, MSE, PhD fellows. CCDG faculty have expertise in statistical agreements and startup company developments. Assistant Professor genetics, molecular genetics, computational CCR Faculty modeling, morphometrics, and imaging. The Center Heather Szabo-Rogers, PhD Assistant Professor has had continuous National Institutes of Health Charles Sfeir, DDS, PhD funding since its establishment, currently about $6 Associate Professor, Associate Dean for Research Juan Taboas, MS, PhD million annually. Assistant Professor Alejandro Almarza, PhD Associate Professor Kostantinos Verdelis, DDS, PhD Assistant Professor Elia Beniash, PhD Professor Alexandre Vieira, DDS. MS, PhD Professor Ballav Moni Borah Visiting Research Associate Hajime Yamazaki, PhD Research Assistant Professor Andrew Brown PhD Clinical Assistant Professor Samer Zaky, PhD, NDB, DMD Research Assistant Professor

40 University of Pittsburgh School of Dental Medicine Nineteenth Annual Research Symposium 41 Dental Public Health Through a variety of research, teaching and Department Faculty Dental Registry and The Dental Registry and DNA Repository Dental Registry and DNA Repository Faculty outreach initiatives, the Department of Dental Public DNA Repository (DRDR) was created in response to the need for Health advances its primary mission of “improving Robert Weyant, MS, DMD, DrPH large sample populations to act as a resource Alexandre R. Vieira, DDS, MS, PhD population oral health.” The various domains of Professor to researchers of complex oral diseases and Professor mission-related activities include the following: Chair conditions. The interplay between the host, its Director of Clinical Research and Student Research Associate Dean for Dental Public Health and genetic background and the environment, where School of Dental Medicine • Conducting research aimed at identifying and Community Outreach each component has a relatively small effect reducing oral health disparities; size, suggests that studies need to be robust and Joseph Ambrosino, BS, MS, MPM, DMD, FAGD sample sizes should be in the magnitude of several • Preparing students for non-traditional careers Instructor hundreds, if not thousands, of observations. in academics, public health, and other areas of Nyla Balakrishnan, BDS, MPH, MS importance to society; The DRDR is an archive of clinical information linked Clinical Assistant Professor to saliva samples from consenting individuals. • Implementing of evidence-based practice in Participants include both children and adults patient care; Jacqueline Burgette, DMD, PhD Assistant Professor who have received treatment at the University of • Advancing methodology for the study of Pittsburgh School of Dental Medicine. Currently, population health issues of relevance to dentistry; Zsuzsa Horvath, PhD approximately 6,300 subjects are part of the DRDR Assistant Professor database, which is available to faculty and students • Advocacy and policy development aimed at for the development of clinical research projects. improving access to dental care; and Anchal Malik, BDS, MHA Assistant Professor The registry has supported several faculty and • Advancing service learning and student projects, and more than 20 scientific papers Nina Markovic, BSDH, MS, PhD interprofessional education. and grants have been generated with this resource. Associate Professor

Paul Moore, BS, DMD, MS, PhD, MPH Professor

Louise Platt, RDH, BSDH, MHPE Instructor

Deborah Polk, AB, PhD Assistant Professor

Richard Rubin, BA, DDS, MPH Assistant Professor

Nilesh Shah, PhD Assistant Professor

42 University of Pittsburgh School of Dental Medicine Nineteenth Annual Research Symposium 43 Dental Anesthesiology Dental Public Health Diagnostic Sciences GRADUATE The Department of Dental Anesthesiology is The Department of Dental Public Health provides The Department of Diagnostic Sciences in the extremely active in teaching, research, and high-quality education to first-professional dental School of Dental Medicine is responsible for the service. The department operates a 3-year dental students and residents, conducts scholarly research areas of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Oral OPPORTUNITIES anesthesiology residency program and is a training that advances knowledge in dentistry, and acts as and Maxillofacial Pathology, Oral Medicine, and site for the School of Nursing’s Student Nurse a resource service unit not only within the School of Dental Emergency Medicine. The department Anesthetist program. Dental Medicine, but also to other areas throughout has faculty that have achieved diplomate status the University and surrounding community. (“boarded”) in their respective specialties, indicating Together, these residents, nurses, and our own their experience and expertise in their fields. All selective dental students enable the department Departmental faculty members engage in a variety faculty teach pre-doctoral students, dental hygiene to provide clinical anesthesia services in the oral of funded and non-funded basic, clinical, and students, and residents either in clinical rotations or surgery, implant, phobia, pediatric, and special population-based research. Research productivity in foundational and clinical didactic courses, and needs areas. The department maintains some of is substantial and many faculty play leadership provide continuing education to dentists, hygienists, the most sophisticated equipment found in any roles in local or national research organizations. and physicians. The department offers a three- dental school setting. This includes nine anesthesia Our faculty are working on important new methods year residency program in Oral and Maxillofacial machines, three fiberoptic videoscopes, and three for designing and analyzing dental data and Pathology. video laryngoscopes. advancing dental research. Several departmental faculty members are supported by a large NIH- Services provided by the department to the local • Predoctoral teaching includes courses in funded project on the causes and elimination of oral dental community include detailed interpretation local anesthesia, medical emergencies, pain health disparities in Appalachian children and their of radiographic images, including CBCT and and anxiety control, enteral sedation, and families. A theme of understanding the causes of panoramic radiographs, and interpretation of clinical medicine. The medical emergency oral disease and developing effective interventions surgical pathology specimens by the Oral Pathology management is accomplished at the University for vulnerable and underserved populations runs Biopsy Service. of Pittsburgh’s Peter M. Winter Institute for through much of the department’s research activities. Simulation, Education, and Research (WISER) The Department is engaged in research at many Dr. Jacqueline Burgette is the recipient of the Harold Center, where students are assessed as they levels. The department hosts summer research Amos Medical Faculty Development Program manage various office emergencies in real time scholars and participates in residents’ research that will support her study of the role of mother’s using high-fidelity human simulators. projects. In addition, faculty have their own social networks on their children’s oral health. Dr. research endeavors. Recent projects include • Department of Dental Anesthesia faculty are Deborah Polk received NIDCR funding to develop comparative studies of CBCT versus panoramic involved in continuing education for the School implementation strategies for dental sealants in radiographs assessing temporomandibular joint of Dental Medicine, teaching courses in local collaboration with colleagues at Kaiser Permanente. changes and inferior alveolar nerve position; anesthesia for dental hygienists, medical The department maintains active research comparative radiographic features of ossifying emergencies and a 15-hour course in basic collaborations with the University of Pittsburgh fibromas and other benign fibro-osseous lesions; and advanced anesthesia management Cancer Institute (UPCI), Magee-Women’s Hospital, data-mining of the axiUm electronic record to and simulation for licensure and permit the Clinical and Translational Science Institute assess treatment disparities of disadvantaged renewal. In addition to their many activities (CTSI), and numerous other research universities in patients; quality assessment outcomes of and responsibilities, departmental faculty are the United States and abroad. consultation recommendations; investigation of the actively engaged with many school-related The teaching mission of the department features molecular pathogenesis of odontogenic tumors; committees while pursuing research and a variety of well subscribed certificate and cancer chemoprevention using lyophilized fruits; publication objectives. masters programs. Dr. Zsuzsa Horvath directs the immunohistochemical features of salivary gland • Dental Anesthesiology Residency Program Academic Career Track Area of Concentration, neoplasms; demographics and outcomes of the o The department operates a three-year, which offers a certificate program in academic biopsy service; assessment of metastatic tumors CODA-accredited, hospital-based dental dentistry. Dr. Richard Rubin directs the recently to the gnathic region; and demographics and anesthesiology residency program. The developed certificate program in dental public outcomes of the oral medicine clinical practice. goal of this program is to prepare dentists health. This new program dovetails with our to manage pain and anxiety in adult, ongoing dual degree (DMD, MMPH) program with pediatric, and special needs patients. the Graduate School of Public Health. Dr. Robert Graduates receive a Certificate in Dental Weyant is co-director of the HRSA funded residency Anesthesiology and are eligible to take program in pediatric dentistry and dental public the board examination of the American health in collaboration with Dr. Studen-Pavlovich Dental Board of Anesthesiology. in Pediatric Dentistry. Graduates of this program receive both a residency certificate in pediatric o All residents must be graduates of an dentistry and an MMPH degree. Dr. Anchal accredited U.S. or Canadian dental Malik is offering for the first time a new course in school. The application is submitted contemporary caries diagnosis and staging as part through the ADEA Postdoctoral the overall caries prevention and management Application Support Service (ADEA PASS) curriculum. website and the deadline for submission is September 15 of each year.

44 University of Pittsburgh School of Dental Medicine Nineteenth Annual Research Symposium 45 Endodontics Oral Biology Certificate in Endodontics MS or PhD Degree with Optional MDS Degree The graduate program in oral biology provides Meer Ahmed’s research project focuses on two Ahmed El Sergani’s project focuses on the Graduates are required to take part in the comprehensive and interdisciplinary translational areas: designing scaffold-free tissue engineered regeneration of cartilaginous surfaces in the American Board of Endodontics examination. and basic science training in dental, oral and biomimetic nerve conduits to bridge nerve gaps; temporomandibular joint (TMJ). He studies When the program ends, all residents will be craniofacial research. Our students are involved and developing cellular therapies to enhance cartilaginous tissue interfaces and the effects of awarded a certificate in endodontics and be current methods of nerve regeneration therapies gradients of biologically active molecules on considered board-eligible. in the development of novel approaches to craniofacial regeneration and diagnostic tools using dental pulp stem cells. The current gold different cell populations. for oral and craniofacial diseases and disorders standard for treating peripheral nerve injuries Brandi Lantz’s project aims to improve our Research Focus with the aim of improving health and well-being. involve sautografts; however there is limited graft understanding of the multifactorial etiology • Pulp regeneration using scaffolds and growth The development of these therapies, biomaterials availability, treatment requires long recovery times of human orofacial clefting. In brief, Brandi’s factors. and diagnostic tools is guided by fundamental and the restoration of full nerve function is not research is focused on determining the physical, • Pulp regeneration using cellular approaches. research in genetics and molecular pathology, as achieved. Due to their neural crest origins, dental molecular and genetic factors that coordinate • Understanding root anatomy through high- well as fundamental biological phenomena related pulp stem/progenitor cells (DPSC) have a high medial merging of the midface during craniofacial resolution micro-CT imaging. to the development, structure and function of the potency for differentiating into neuronal cells. Mr. development. Ms. Lantz also is testing how the • Industry collaborations to assess and improve craniofacial region. Ahmed has presented his work at the McGowan nasal septum contributes to normal and abnormal endodontic files. Institute for Regenerative Medicine Annual Retreat in Promising DMD dental students and residents are nose morphology. She presented a poster at the March 2018. • Safety and effectiveness of instrument systems encouraged to enter the PhD or MS programs in Gordon Research Conference on Craniofacial to deliver disinfecting agents into the root oral biology and pursue their DMD and graduate Rasha Alotaibi’s studies genes affecting susceptibility Morphogenesis and Tissue Engineering in Lucca, canal. degrees simultaneously. Dental students in the to dental caries in a large multiethnic population, Italy, in February, 2018. She has been accepted graduate program will follow all requirements for the originally recruited for studies of orofacial clefts into Commitment to Access Resources and Clinical Training PhD or MS program, as well as complete research by conducting a genome-wide association study Education program, where she received the Dean’s • Treatment management, including surgery of requirements toward an MS or PhD degree. (GWAS). She recently became involved in genetic Excellence Scholarship. diseases of the dental pulp and periapex, and analyses of different dental anomalies, including Research Focus John Li studies the progression of trauma of the tooth root and pulp. tooth agenesis and hypoplasia, among subjects Temporomandibular Joint Disorder (TMD). He wants The School of Dental Medicine ranks number four with orofacial clefts. Ms. Alotaibi was selected to to know whether malocclusion can lead to orofacial in National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Criteria give an oral presentation at the 96th IADR/PER pain and how long it takes before the damage Research (NIDCR) funding among the 58 U.S. General Session & Exhibition. London, England, • Applicants must hold a DMD from a CODA- becomes irreversible. dental schools. Our dedicated faculty provides a July, 2018. recognized dental school. stimulating and collegial environment to prepare Vera Liu assesses the impact of a splint-induced • Applicants must have completed a GPR Qahtan AlQahtani focuses on the development motivated and qualified students for careers as malocclusion on the histology of the condyle in the program or have private practice experience. of pulp regeneration therapies using decellurazed clinicians and scientists in academia, industry and rat. The results of this study were presented at the dental pulp matrices. He is working on government. 2018 AADR Annual Meeting, Fort Lauderdale, Fla. understanding cell-matrix interactions, utilizing dental The focus of the program is on oral health and pulp and periodontal ligaments cells. This work also Victoria Smethurst is working on understanding biomedical research and teaching. The program’s encompasses the studies of host response to dental the regulatory role of transcription factor TRPS1 in scope encompasses studies of fundamental pulp matrix and matrix turnover, using bone marrow phosphate-induced differentiation of odontoblasts. biological phenomena related to the development, derived macrophages. His work was presented She also is working on understanding the interaction structure and function of the craniofacial region, and at the Pitt Dental Medicine Seventeenth Annual between TRPS1 and VDR during the same process. the development of new therapies, biomaterials and Research Symposium in 2017. Moreover, she is involved in the study of phosphate- diagnostic tools for the treatment of diseases and induced matrix vesicle production. Ms. Smethurst Mariana Bezamat studies phenomics, an area disorders in the craniofacial area. Currently, faculty presented her research at the Pitt Dental Medicine of biology concerned with the measurement of in the Department of Oral Biology are focused Seventeenth Annual Research Symposium in 2017. phenomes (the set of physical and biochemical traits on two areas of research concentration (ARCOs): belonging to a given organism) as they change in Mostafa Shehabeldin’s research focuses on craniofacial regeneration and craniofacial and response to genetic mutation and environmental developing sustained release polymer (PLGA) dental genetics. These form the bases of graduate influences. In her project, Ms. Bezamat will test microspheres for treating periodontal disease. training in this program. how oral health outcomes and overall health When locally delivered in periodontal tissues, these Meet Our Students comorbidities of individuals who survived cancer polymer microspheres will release encapsulated are affected by genetic variation to define disease anti-inflammatory cytokines that modulate immune patterns that associate with specific genomic response and halt tissue destruction. The long- profiles. term goal of this project is to translate this strategy into an FDA-approved therapy that will improve

46 University of Pittsburgh School of Dental Medicine Nineteenth Annual Research Symposium 47 Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Orthodontics and Dentofacial Pediatric Dentistry • Applications are accepted May–August of Orthopedics Certificate in Pediatric Dentistry each year. patient outcomes. Mr. Shehabeldin presented his Certificate in Orthodontics with Optional MDS Degree research at the 2018 AADR/CADR meeting in Fort • Admissions are conducted using a rolling with Optional MDS Degree Graduates are required to take the qualifying format. Lauderdale, Fla. Graduates will be eligible to take the examination examination of the American Board of Pediatric The Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery for specialty certification in orthodontics offered by Dentistry at the end of the second year of training. Xu Yang’s research focuses on the understanding (OMS) at the University of Pittsburgh offers a the American Board of Orthodontics. Research Focus of protein trafficking in ameloblasts. He is working six-year, dual-degree program and a four-year Research Focus to reveal the secretory pathway of keratin 75, a program. Three residents are accepted each year • Prenatal counseling for oral health cytosolic protein lacking signal sequence required as well as one pediatric craniomaxillofacial fellow. • Craniofacial morphology and function in • Oral health promotion for disadvantaged different populations for classical secretion. He defended his dissertation Research Focus children • Efficiency and efficacy of treatment modalities entitled “Unconventional protein secretion of keratin • Regenerative medicine of craniomaxillofacial • Infant oral health 75 by ameloblasts in vivo”. Mr. Yang has received defects. • Craniofacial molecular and cellular control • Early childhood caries travel awards from the International Conference mechanisms • TMJ reconstruction with tissue engineering. • Obesity and its relationship to dental on Chemistry and Biology of Mineralized Tissues • Impact of biomaterials on delivering • Stem cell-mediated regeneration of lost tissues. development and physical growth held in May, 2017, in Potsdam, Germany, and orthodontic mechanics • Sleep apnea outcomes. • Etiology, microbiology, prevention, and control the Hinman Student Research Symposium held in Clinical Training of dental caries November, 2017, in Memphis, Tenn. • Virtual surgical planning outcomes. • Diagnosis, prevention, and treatment/ • Dental trauma and its prevention Yuqiao Zhou investigates rural-urban disparities in • Resorbable metal technologies. management of abnormal congenital or • Adolescent dentistry oral health risk factors in Appalachia. Currently, Ms. • Cleft and craniofacial anomalies. developmental relationships of the dentofacial anatomy, from infancy to adulthood, in diverse • Behavior guidance and management for the Zhou is working on her PhD dissertation, focusing Training populations pediatric dental patient on the genetics of tooth eruption phenotypes The program is designed to be truly integrated Criteria Clinical Training combining studies of animal models and human and allow for the maximal benefit of coordinated genetics data. She was selected for an oral medical training and the progression of knowledge • Applicants must hold a DMD or its equivalent. • Advanced diagnostic and clinical training necessary to provide specialty care to infants, presentation at the 2018 AADR/CADR Annual and skill in oral and maxillofacial surgery. • Application deadline is September 15, 2019. children, adolescents, and individuals with Meeting in Fort Lauderdale, Fla. She presented at Residents are exposed to the full scope of oral and maxillofacial surgery throughout their training, special needs. the Pitt Health Sciences 2018 Health Disparities including interdisciplinary care. From the outset, • Clinical rotations at Children’s Hospital Poster Competition in April, 2018. new residents work with first-professional dental of Pittsburgh of UPMC in anesthesiology, Yingci Liu’s aim is to understand the association students in a training and supervisory role in the pediatric medicine, and hospital grand rounds. undergraduate OMS clinic. Residents also are between select clinicopathological factors (sex, required to attend the Department of Oral and • Teaching component in the predoctoral, age, oral site, history of oral dysplasia, histologic Maxillofacial Surgery Grand Rounds, Journal preclinical, clinical, and didactic courses. grade, depth of invasion and treatment modality) Club, treatment planning conferences in the Criteria and local recurrence of early stage oral squamous Dentofacial Deformities Program (in conjunction • Applicants must be graduates of a U.S. or cell carcinomas. Oral squamous cell carcinomas with the Orthodontic Program), and the weekly Canadian dental school. Surgical Treatment Planning, Implant, and Trauma maintain a recurrence rate of 15-30% even when Conferences. • Application deadline is September 15, 2019. the cancer is completely excised. Early stage oral Criteria cancer is frequently first encountered by dental clinicians and preferentially treated with surgery • All residents must be graduates of a CODA- over chemotherapy or radiation. The results of accredited U.S. or Canadian dental school. these studies will help to improve diagnosis and • Fellows must be graduates of a CODA- treatment of oral cancers. Dr. Liu has been awarded accredited OMS residency program. the Robert and Kay Schattner Award for Best • Application deadline is September 15 of each Oral Presentation at the Meeting of the American year. Academy of Oral Medicine in San Antonio, Texas, in April, 2018. Dr. Liu is a resident in oral and maxillofacial pathology and an MS student in the oral biology graduate program.

48 University of Pittsburgh School of Dental Medicine Nineteenth Annual Research Symposium 49 Periodontics and Preventive Dentistry Prosthodontics Certificate in Periodontics Certificate in Prosthodontics with Optional MDS Degree with Optional MDS Degree The Periodontics Residency at University of Senior Residents must challenge the written portion Pittsburgh School of Dental Medicine is an active, of the examination for certification in prosthodontics clinical and research-focused program that prepares offered by the American Board of Prosthodontics. its residents to be both excellent clinicians and In addition, they must complete at least 1 of the involved in research. Clinical training is paired 3 cases required by the Board. Other funded with hands-on research experience, innovative opportunities include: ACP annual meeting and collaborations within the dental school and Prosthodontic Board Review Course, 5 session throughout the University are among the unique Misch Institute Course (Las Vegas), ACP PA Chapter offerings this program features. This program is annual meeting. recognized by the American Dental Association Research Focus and the Academy of Periodontology. Graduates will be eligible to take the board examination of the • Dental materials American Academy of Periodontology. • Industry collaborations to assess and improve Research Focus restorative treatments • Osteoimmunology • Implant supported restorations • Developing periodontal therapies by • Digital Dentistry fabricated restorations via modulating the immune system CAD-CAM and 3-D printing • Developing devices to regenerate periodontal Clinical Training structures. A focus on magnesium based • Comprehensive multidisciplinary treatment devices planning and restoration of teeth, supporting • Stem cell-mediated regeneration of lost tissues structures, speech, esthetics, function, and comfort following caries, periodontal disease, • Molecular pathology of periodontal disease trauma, severe wear, neoplasms, and TMD • Implant healing in medically compromised conditions patients • 20-25% of the residency is spent in the Implant • Clinical aspects of tissue healing around Center implant Criteria Clinical Training • Applicants must hold a DMD degree or its • Each resident is exposed to all periodontal equivalent and have passed the examination diagnostics and therapies and is expected of the National Board of Dental Examiners. • Application deadline is August 1 of each year. • Application must be made through the National Matching Service following all of their guidelines and deadlines: https// www.natmatch.com/dentres/applicants/ applications/html

50 University of Pittsburgh School of Dental Medicine Nineteenth Annual Research Symposium 51 Andrew Brown science of simulation to recognize and treat airway emergencies in a more timely, standardized fashion. Dr. Brown’s broad research interests are in bioengineering, medical device development, translational research and academic commercial Robert L. Engelmeier translation. His specific research focus areas revolve Dr. Engelmeier’s research interests include occlusion around bone regeneration, tissue engineering and and biomechanics, computer-aided design and metallic magnesium for biomedical applications. In manufacturing (CAD/CAM), 3-D printing, and addition to his research work as a clinical assistant development of denture teeth historical research. RESEARCH INTERESTS professor in the Department of Periodontics at the University of Pittsburgh, he is Assistant Director for Commercial Translation Programs at sciVelo, a Pouran Famili translational research acceleration program at the Dr. Famili’s research interests include the clinical Alejandro Almarza Dr. Bauer also has been active in applications for University of Pittsburgh. periodontal manifestations and implications of the computer assisted planning and surgical execution Dr. Almarza is an assistant professor in the School link between oral and systemic health; surgical in reconstructive jaw surgery, sleep apnea and of Dental Medicine Department of Oral Biology technique in implant placement; systemic bone loss dental implants. He has worked on projects related Jacqueline M. Burgette with a secondary appointment in the Department and implant success; periodontal epidemiology; and to volumetric airway analysis and predictive Dr. Burgette researches oral health disparities in of Bioengineering and the University of Pittsburgh periodontal implant maintenance. outcomes for maxillomandibular advancement for children using health services research. Specifically, McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine. the management of sleep apnea. He also has been Dr. Burgette is conducting a study on the impact of His research interests are temporomandibular joint working on projects related to dynamic navigation mothers’ social networks on children’s oral health cartilage and bone regeneration and biomechanics; John Ference for intraoral and facial surgery. utilization, practices and dental caries experience. development of novel bioreactors to further enhance She is also examining how mother’s social support Dr. Ference’s primary research interest is in dental healing; identifying appropriate stem cell sources influences children’s oral health outcomes in Northern applications of 3-D printing technology. for tissue engineering approaches such as bone Elia Beniash Appalachia and the relationship between personal marrow, muscle and fat; genetic manipulation of Dr. Beniash’s primary research interest is in the and global social network characteristics and dental cells seeded on scaffolds to promote regeneration; Joseph A. Giovannitti area of biomineralization and bioinspired materials use among adolescents. and quantitative assessment of joint movement and design. He is trying to understand basic mechanisms Dr. Giovannitti’s current research focuses on the kinematics. of mineralized tissue formation and more specifically implementation of machine learning and artificial how protein assemblies control mineral formation John Burnheimer intelligence in risk analysis of patients undergoing anesthesia. Nyla Balakrishnan and organization at the nanoscale. He applies this Dr. Burnheimer’s current research focuses on knowledge to the design of bioinspired hierarchical identifying potential contributors to disparities in Dr. Balakrishnan has varied research interests that nanocomposites for biomedical and other orthodontic health the Appalachian region of include oral health literacy, geriatric dentistry, James Guggenheimer technological applications. Southwestern Pennsylvania. medical-dental integration, oral epidemiology, Dr. Guggenheimer’s research interests are focused on community outreach programs and the oral health the analysis of electronic health records of patients workforce. Elizabeth A. Bilodeau William L. Chung at the School of Dental Medicine to characterize Dr. Bilodeau’s research interests include the Dr. Chung is a Professor in Oral & Maxillofacial their sociodemographic and health attributes. Areas of particular interest include cigarette smoking Richard E. Bauer clinicopathologic, immunohistochemical and Surgery at the School of Dental Medicine. He has a molecular characterization of odontogenic tumors. secondary appointment in the Department of Surgery and smoking-related diseases within the context Dr. Bauer’s research interests focus on tissue Dr. Bilodeau serves on the editorial board of the at the University of Pittsburgh McGowan Institute of smoking interventions. Another study examines regeneration for oral and maxillofacial surgical journal, Head and Neck Pathology, and is a for Regenerative Medicine. Dr. Chung is the co- patterns associated with the use of hospital applications. Dr. Bauer has been involved in reviewer for several journals including The Journal investigator of a National Institutes of Health-funded emergency departments for the treatment of painful research related to regenerative medicine for hard of Maxillofacial Surgery and Oral Surgery Oral grant, utilizing tissue engineering to help create a dental emergency conditions and the inappropriate and soft tissue reconstruction in the oral cavity. Medicine Oral Pathology Oral Radiology. She has replacement meniscus for the temporomandibular use of opioid pain relievers. Recently, he received funding from the Osteo authored more than 30 peer-reviewed articles. joint. This project’s next goal is to proceed to a A current study is reviewing the concept of antibiotic Science Foundation to conduct a clinical trial to first in-human trial of the investigative device at the stewardship and how it can be applied to patients assess the efficacy of a volume-stable collagen University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC). Dr. who require premedication with antibiotics prior to matrix for intraoral soft tissue reconstruction and Chung also is involved in creating and implementing dental care. augmentation. a pilot study for the American Association of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgeons that uses the art and

52 University of Pittsburgh School of Dental Medicine Nineteenth Annual Research Symposium 53 Zsuzsa Horvath Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) and current research aims Mary L. Marazita years and psychosocial and social rank factors at testing the regenerative potentials of the centrifuge- associated with risk factors for cardiovascular Dr. Horvath’s scholarly activities focus on three Dr. Marazita’s primary research interest is in free prepared PRP. Additionally, in collaboration with diseases. areas: 1) institutional surveys of dental schools in the genetics of cleft lip, cleft palate, and other NASA, other investigations focus on the biological North America, 2) program evaluation, and 3) craniofacial and dental anomalies, as well as the effects of certain biomaterials and microgravity on evaluation of educational materials. Her overarching genetics of normal facial development. She is mice skeletal stem cells during life on the International Adriana Modesto Vieira aim is to apply reflective practice in teaching and applying a coordinated approach, exploiting both Space Station. Dr. Modesto Vieira is Professor and Chair of the research in order to explore areas of improvement statistical and molecular tools to investigate the Department of Pediatric Dentistry. Her research at the local or national level, share evidence-based etiology of these common, complex, human traits. interests involve topics in two main areas: (1) recommendations to enhance dental education, and Thomas C. Kunkel In addition, she is investigating families ascertained pediatric dentistry with emphasis in cariology, and disseminate best practices in order to contribute to through several international collaborations (e.g., The area of digital dentistry is rapidly growing in dental trauma; (2) oral microbiology with emphasis the broader dental education community. Currently, China, Colombia, India, Hungary, Denmark, the field of prosthodontics. CAD-CAM technology in bacterial adhesion models, antimicrobial activity Dr. Horvath serves as the principal investigator on Argentina, Turkey, India, Canada, the Philippines, coupled with CEREC innovation has created analysis, biofilm models, and bacterial DNA the University of Pittsburgh Center of Excellence in and Nigeria), utilizing a rich phenotyping approach numerous research opportunities. The marginal fit fingerprinting. Pain Education: Pain Challenges in Primary Care to inform etiologic studies. of CEREC materials in fixed prosthodontics is a (CoEPE), a five-year grant funded by the National current research interest. Also, the use of CEREC in Another major area of current investigation is Institute of Health/National Institute for Drug Abuse evaluating students in a pre-clinical setting is being genetic, microbiological and epidemiological factors Paul A. Moore (NIDA). As part of the project, Dr. Horvath’s team is studied. PrepCheck (Sirona, Inc.) is being utilized to that contribute to oral health and oral diseases Dr. Moore’s research interests continue through creating online interactive educational materials in objectively evaluate pre-clinical tooth preparations. such as dental caries, in Appalachia and other investigating effective dental therapeutics and pain medicine to be implemented in the five health This will be compared to the evaluations given to regions worldwide. Also, she has active research safe anesthesia. He has initiated randomized sciences schools at the University of Pittsburgh. students in a more subjective, instructor-oriented collaborations in the genetics of several behavioral controlled clinical research trials, practice surveys These materials will then be disseminated by NIDA environment. and psychiatric traits, as well as several other human nationwide. and comprehensive reviews of the safe and effective disorders (e.g., premature birth, autonomic nervous use of analgesics, sedatives and local anesthetics system dysfunction and otitis media). Dr. Marazita is Anchal Malik as used in dentistry for pain control. He has served Giuseppe Intini involved in the NIDCR FaceBase Consortium (www. as principal investigator on 40 sponsored awards, Dr. Malik is actively involved in teaching the pre- FaceBase.org), the NHGRI Consensus Measures for 300 publications, 250 national and international Dr. Intini’s research interests include both basic and doctoral DDS students and is the director of didactic Phenotypes and Exposures Initiative (PhenX, www. presentations throughout his career. clinical and translational science topics. His basic and preclinical laboratory courses in Dental Anatomy PhenX.org), the NIH Director’s Office Gabriella science research focuses on skeletal stem cells and and Morphology and the co-director of Cariology Miller Kids First Pediatric Research Initiative (Kids on bone cancer stem cells. Genetic strategies and in and Caries Management courses. Additionally, she First, https://commonfund.nih.gov/kidsfirst), the Dobrawa Napierala vivo imaging are utilized to describe the location and frequently collaborates as a participating faculty NIH Director’s Office All of Us Precisian Medicine Dr. Napierala’s research is focused on molecular function of these cells and the molecular mechanisms in other courses across SDM and is involved in co- Research Program (All of Us, https://allofus.nih. determinants of disturbed development and that control their “stemness” in health and disease. coordinating the Cariology and Caries Management gov/) and other national and international research homeostasis of mineralizing tissues, and in For instance, the laboratory has identified the curriculum. Dr. Malik is leading the efforts across initiatives. calvarial suture as the niche of osteoprogenitor the SDM in training and calibrating students and regeneration and repair of these tissues. Dr. cells expressing Prx1, a transcription factor highly faculty in an evidence based caries detection, and Napierala studies diseases associated with defective expressed during embryonic development. assessment system using the International Caries Henry C. Margolis endochondral ossification, formation of dental tissues, Classification and Management System (ICCMS) bone mineral density and ectopic mineralization. Current research aims at taking advantage of the Dr. Margolis’ research interests center on that builds on the International Caries Detection and She is interested in the role of the TRPS1 transcription existence of these cells to develop novel strategies fundamental aspects of biomineralization, focusing to intercepts/prevent craniosynostosis defects or to Assessment System (ICDAS). factor in skeletal and dental development and on protein-mediated mineralization and the homeostasis, and in the mineralization process. foster craniofacial tissue regeneration. Additionally, Her research and teaching interests vary broadly mechanism of dental enamel formation. Related to this, Dr. Napierala studies the phosphate a federally funded project (NIH/NCI) focuses on from dental caries and its management, and signaling pathway in mineralizing cells and the the role of cancer stem cells in the development, evidence based dentistry to educational research, biogenesis of matrix vesicles, which play important maintenance, and metastasis of osteosarcoma. teaching and learning, curriculum and professional Nina Markovic The final goal of this project is to identify novel role in the initiation of the mineralization process development and interprofessional education. Dr. Markovic is an Associate Professor in Dental strategies to prevent metastasis, the ultimate cause of bone, cartilage and dentin, and have been Additionally, she is also interested in developing and Public Health and Co-Director of the Center for LGBT of death in children with osteosarcoma. His clinical implicated in vascular calcification. integrating new teaching methods to improve dental Health Research at the Graduate School of Public and translational research focuses on the beneficial education especially in the area of caries disease Health. Her research interests include health risks effects that the use of platelet concentrates (i.e. management that will help develop competent associated with minority status with a special focus Platelet-Rich Plasma) may have in regenerative dentists in the area of caries management, and use on women, women’s health during the reproductive surgical procedures in humans. The laboratory has of evidence-based information in order to improve developed a novel centrifuge-free method to prepare the oral health of patients and the community.

54 University of Pittsburgh School of Dental Medicine Nineteenth Annual Research Symposium 55 Katherine Neiswanger the group to pilot interprofessional experiences for other interests are in regenerative pulp therapies bone/dentin tissue engineering using students involving two or more professions working utilizing both dental pulp stem cells and novel biomineralization principles. Dr. Neiswanger’s research interests focus on the together. Her interest in prescription drug abuse led materials to create a biological obturation of the root genetics of complex diseases affecting oral health, b. biomaterials development such as calcium to a collaborative publication with faculty at the canal system. especially dental caries in children and phenotypic phosphates or polymeric materials to Schools of Dental Medicine and Pharmacy and to development in nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without regenerate bone and dentin co-mentoring a first-year dental student on a project cleft palate. She serves as the program manager for of the same topic. Richard Rubin c. engineering cellular therapies for bone the Center for Oral Health Research in Appalachia Dr. Rubin’s main interests are in exploring the and dentin regeneration. Strategies involve (COHRA), a collaboration between the University interface of public health and oral health, and scaffoldless systems as well as stem cells in of Pittsburgh’s Center for Craniofacial and Dental Deborah E. Polk in developing culturally competent/community- combination with biomaterials. Genetics (Dr. Mary Marazita, director), West Virginia Dr. Polk studies how broader social factors create minded dental students. His research explores d. identifying the signaling pathways involved in University, and the University of Michigan. COHRA disparities in health behaviors and indicators of the development of these attitudes and beliefs stem cell differentiation to bone cells. is enrolling a large sample of pregnant women and health at the individual level. Examples of social among dental students and the relationship of their babies and collecting longitudinal data to study 2. biomineralization, post-translational modifications determinants she is interested in include social norms the effectiveness of our dental school’s Student the genetics, microbiology, and environmental factors of non-collagenous proteins in bone and dentin and public policies. Examples of health behaviors Community Outreach Program and Education predisposing children to early childhood caries. include smoking and oral hygiene behaviors. The (SCOPE) activities in this process. The SCOPE a. role of protein kinases in bone and dentin health outcomes she studies include dental caries program also was mentioned in the American Dental formation and periodontal disease. In addition, she identifies Marnie Oakley Education Association (ADEA) Center for Policy and b. role of phosphorylation in biomineralization social and behavioral contexts in which genetic Research Best Practices in Dental Education 2004, Dr. Oakley’s primary research interest incudes topics variants increase the probability of disease. 3. modulation of the immune system to develop and referenced in the 2006 ADEA Report of the related to leadership development and ethics. Dr. therapies for periodontal disease, Panel of the Macy Study. He also is interested in Oakley also has research interests in the use of evaluating and implementing new approaches to a. strategies to modulate the immune system to social media in dental education, mentoring of the Anitha Potluri teaching and learning. This includes techniques develop therapies for periodontal disease. clinical academician in research-related activity, and Dr. Potluri’s research interest includes utilizing based on active adult-learning models, “learning These strategies involve local peptide prescription drug abuse. electronic health records (EHR) to assess the communities” and applications of cognition theories. or molecular agent delivery to attract frequency of fibro-osseous conditions in western Dr. Rubin has been the liaison between the School T-regulatory cells or a subset of macrophages Pennsylvania populations. She also is involved in of Dental Medicine (SDM) and the Graduate School to treat periodontal disease. Mark W. Ochs analyzing and quantifying the changes around of Public Health for the joint DMD/MPH program, 4. biodegradable metals, developing load bearing Dr. Ochs’ research interests focus on virtual surgical implants using digital subtraction radiography and and, in 2016, he designed and is currently directing bone fixation devices planning and bone regeneration and grafting in the CBCT imaging. Additionally her interests are in three- the Certificate in Dental Public Health program at the maxillofacial region. dimensional imaging with emphasis on cone beam a. resorbable metals are attractive materials SDM. volumetric imaging and analyzing the incidental because of their 1) load bearing properties findings and radiographic patterns of intraoral bone due to their initial mechanical strength; Jean O’Donnell pathology. Charles Sfeir 2) modulus similar to native bone; 3) Dr. O’Donnell’s research interest in teaching and biocompatibility; and 4) ability to degrade in Dr. Charles Sfeir is the Associate Dean for Research, learning reflects her role as Associate Dean for vivo. Director of the Center for Craniofacial Regeneration Academic Affairs, managing the predoctoral Joanne Prasad 5. pulp tissue regeneration, develop strategies curriculum at the School of Dental Medicine. A Dr. Prasad’s research interests vary broadly from the and Chair of the Department of Periodontics and to achieve better endodontic therapies using former nurse, she also is interested in tobacco clinical, radiologic, and histologic profile of oral Preventive Dentistry. Dr. Sfeir also holds a faculty biomaterials versus cellular approaches cessation research and currently is the SDM lesions to topics of relevance to dental public health appointment in the Departments of Oral Biology, site PI on an NIH-funded grant in collaboration and dental education. Currently, she is involved in Bioengineering, and the McGowan Institute for 6. pre-clinical testing devices for FDA approval. Our with the University of Sydney, Indiana University, research projects focusing on fluoridation and caries Regenerative Medicine. He received a DDS degree laboratory operates in a GLP-like environment. and HealthPartners Institute to assess the utility prevalence in Appalachian children and the validity from the Université Louis Pasteur in Strasbourg, Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) are of an electronic clinical decision support system of student evaluation of teaching in dental school France. He earned a degree in Periodontology and developed for every experiment carried out in the for improving dental providers’ delivery of brief programs. holds a PhD in Molecular Biology from Northwestern laboratory. We have also implemented quality tobacco interventions. Additionally, she is interested University in Chicago, Illinois. control procedures. in interprofessional education and collaborative Dr. Sfeir’s research focus is: practice to improve patient outcomes through Herbert L. Ray 1. bone and dentin tissue engineering, utilizing teamwork. She is a member of the Schools of the Dr. Ray’s research interests include conservative pulp biomaterials and cellular strategies to regenerate Health Sciences Working Group on Interprofessional therapies focusing on the resiliency of the dental pulp Education and has collaborated with members of mineralized tissues: and the development of pulp dressings that promote dental pulp survival and dentinogenesis. Dr. Ray’s a. biomimetic scaffolds development for

56 University of Pittsburgh School of Dental Medicine Nineteenth Annual Research Symposium 57 Nilesh H. Shah and organize their own 3D structure and have the Alexandre R. Vieira Robert J. Weyant capacity to self-assemble into spatially organized Dr. Shah’s research interests include latent class Dr. Vieira’s research interests include two main Dr. Weyant studies caries with an emphasis on early multi-tissue structures. Dr. Syed-Picard uses a number modeling, longitudinal data analysis, survival lines of investigations: 1) individual susceptibility childhood caries. His other research interests include of engineering tools to study these constructs analysis, and predictive modeling. to craniofacial, oral and dental diseases and health disparities, social epidemiology, evidence- including as advanced microscopy and microfluidic conditions; 2) the impact of overall health issues on based practice and implementation science. devices. oral health. The laboratory currently is developing Deborah Studen-Pavlovich projects on strategies to analyze genomics and oral Samer Zaky Dr. Studen-Pavlovich is professor and graduate Heather Szabo-Rogers microbiome data in combination with comprehensive program director in the Department of Pediatric clinical descriptions; the reasons why individuals Dr. Zaky’s research interest focuses on: 1) Osteoid- The Szabo-Rogers laboratory is focused on Dentistry. Dr. Studen-Pavlovich’s research focuses on born with clefts and/or dental anomalies are like substrate for bone engineering: While the understanding the embryological development of behavior management of the child and adolescent, more susceptible to cancer later in life; epigenetic selection criteria for bone engineering scaffolds the face and skull. Using a combination of classical adolescent oral health, and obesity as it relates to influences on cleft lip and palate; and the impact are based chiefly on their relative mechanical embryology and cell biological techniques, the the pediatric dental health and provision of care. of genetics on painful responses and resistance to comparability to mature bone, the Center for laboratory is characterizing the signaling pathways She has mentored projects such as parental attitudes certain drug treatments. His repository of clinical Craniofacial Regeneration (CCR) is challenging this and tissue interactions that are needed for normal toward pediatric dentists discussing childhood data linked to biological samples, the Dental Registry preconception by studying and demonstrating that development of the skull and face. We will use this obesity and parental perception of behavior and DNA Repository, has allowed the development scaffolds with low stiffness would allow a load- information to determine how craniofacial anomalies guidance techniques utilized in pediatric dentistry. of investigations on a variety of oral health outcomes. transducing milieu in which osteogenesis, matrix including cleft lip and palate and craniosynostosis She serves as a reviewer for the Journal of Dentistry deposition, and eventual bone maturation can take arise during embryogenesis. Additionally, our for Children and Pediatric Dentistry. place. Such “soft” environment is considered to be findings can be integrated into regenerative therapies Suvendra Vijayan mechanically closer to bone marrow and osteoid being developed within the Center for Craniofacial Dr. Vijayan’s research interests focus on dental and tissues as a common origin from which cortical Regeneration (CCR). Kurt F. Summersgill maxillofacial applications of cone beam computed as well as trabecular types of bone mature, each Dr. Summersgill’s research interests currently center on tomography (CBCT) and 3-D printing. with its distinct mechanical properties. Dr. Zaky is outcome assessments of the oral pathology biopsy Juan Taboas investigating the molecular events and biomechanical laboratory service and the clinical oral medicine cues that lead to progenitor/stem cell differentiation Dr. Taboas’s research interests include tissue practice, which includes data-mining of the electronic Christine R. Wankiiri-Hale for osteogenesis and bone maturation on a soft engineering of multiphasic skeletal and craniofacial health record (EHR). He has worked with residents Dr. Wankiiri-Hale’s research interests are based substrate. His research would shed light on the tissues; microtissue fabrication with photo-patterning, on cancer preventive agents, pathologic features of in educational research related to student success molecular mechanisms involved in bone tissue biomaterial scaffolds, and microfluidic bioreactors; dermal fillers, digital cytology and quality assessment in dental school, academic career paths in dental development and would identify the best biomimetic and real-time microscopy-based analysis of cell- of digital oral pathology. medicine, and enhancing diversity in dental schools. approach to recapitulate its development. (2) material interactions. She utilizes surveys and program assessments in Regenerative endodontics: It is of global consensus order to gather data to inform changes to programs that the best replacement for dental pulp tissue in Fatima N. Syed-Picard Konstantinos Verdelis that attract and retain prospective and current dental the root canal system is a genuinely cellularized, Dr. Syed-Picard’s research focuses on stem cells and students. Dr. Wankiiri-Hale currently serves as vascularized, and innervated pulp tissue. The Dr. Verdelis’s research interests include mineral tissue engineering for the following applications associate dean in the Office of Student Affairs, and regenerated tissue would create a biological and matrix changes in the dentin and enamel of 1) implantable devices for craniofacial therapy, is a member of several professional organizations, obturation of the pulp space providing a host developing teeth and the function of SIBLING 2) models of craniofacial tissue development and including the American Dental Association, American response to future bacterial invasion while permitting proteins in the dentin, enamel and bone regeneration, and 3) models of craniofacial disease. Dental Education Association, Pennsylvania Dental surrounding mineralized tissues the ability to maintain mineralization. For these studies he also has focused She is working to regenerate tissues including bone, Association and National Dental Association, its normal physiological state. The CCR approach on the use of Fourier Transform Infrared and Raman dentin-pulp complex, and nerve for therapeutic and she has presented nationally on her research to dental pulp regeneration is by employing spectroscopies imaging coupled with microcomputed use. Furthermore, Dr. Syed-Picard uses engineered interests. extracellular matrix as a scaffold to support cell tomography and histology. His research also has tissues as a model to study basic developmental homing from the periapical tissue to the pulp space. focused on the use of microcomputed tomography processes including tissue patterning. Her research for analysis of bones and teeth morphometry and utilizes predominately cell-based, scaffold-free Seth M. Weinberg densitometry, as well as anatomically- and clinically- tissue engineering where cells are able to generate The goal of Dr. Weinberg’s research program is to oriented studies in endodontics. He currently serves leverage advanced 3-D imaging, morphometrics, as the director for the microcomputed tomography and genomics tools to better understand the core at the School of Dental Medicine and the biological determinants of quantitative normal-range scientific consultant for the microCT core of the craniofacial traits (e.g. the size and shape of facial Allegheny General Hospital Cardiovascular Institute. features) and congenital anomalies that affect the head and face (e.g. cleft palate).

58 University of Pittsburgh School of Dental Medicine Nineteenth Annual Research Symposium 59 Butali A, Mossey PA, Adeyemo WL, Eshete ita ML. GWAS reveals loci associated with Fu JM, Leslie EJ, Scott AF, Murray JC, MA, Gowans LJJ, Busch TD, Jain D, Yu W, velopharyngeal dysfunction. Sci Rep 2018 Marazita ML, Beaty TH, Scharpf RB, Huan L, Laurie CA, Laurie CC, Nelson S, Li May 31;8:8470. Ruczinski I. Detection of de novo copy M, Sanchez-Lara PA, Magee WP 3rd, Ma- number deletions from targeted sequencing gee KS, Auslander A, Brindopke F, Kay DM, Cunha A, Nelson-Filho P, Marañón-Vázques of trios. Bioinform 2019;35(4):571-578. Caggana M, Romitti PA, Mills JL, Audu R, GA, Ramos AGC, Dantas B, Sebastiani Onwuamah C, Oseni GO, Owais A, James AM, Silvério F, Omori MA, Rodrigues AS, Goss M, Socorro M, Monier D, Verdelis O, Olaitan PB, Aregbesola BS, Braimah RO, Teixeira EC, Levy FL, Araújo MC, Matsumo- K, Napierala D. Trps1 transcription factor Oginni FO, Oladele AO, Bello SA, Rhodes to MAN, Romano FL, Antunes LAA, Costa regulates mineralization of dental tissues and J, Shiang R, Donkor P, Obiri-Yeboah S, Ar- DJ, Scariot R, Antunes LS, Vieira AR, Küchler proliferation of tooth organ cells. Mol Genet PUBLICATIONS thur FKN, Twumasi P, Agbenorku P, Plange- EC. Genetic variants in ACTN3 and MIO1H Metab 2019 [Epub ahead of print]. Rhule G, Oti AA, Ogunlewe OM, Oladega are associated with sagittal and vertical AA, Adekunle AA, Erinoso AO, Adamson craniofacial sleketal patterns. Arch Oral Biol Govil M, Mukhopadhyay N, Weeks DE, OO, Elufowoju AA, Ayelomi OI, Hailu T, 2019;97:85-90. Feingold E, Shaffer JR, Levy SM, Vieira AR, Hailu A, Demissie Y, Derebew M, Eliason S, Slayton RL, McNeil DW, Weyant RJ, Crout Abbasoglu˘ Z, Bussaneli DG, Tanboga˘ I, Amoo-Achampong F, Vitunac DE, Deeley K, polymorphisms in serotonin transporter and Romero-Bustillous M, Lo C, Park J, Desai S, Dagher J, Sfeir C, Abdallah A, Majzouob RJ, Marazita ML. Novel caries loci in chil- Henn IW, Modesto A, Vieira AR. Fine-map- Modesto AM, Vieira AR. Complex patterns catechol-O-methyltransferase on temporo- Mohammed M, Abate F, Abdur-Rahman LO, Z. Sterilization and biologic monitoring in dren implicated by genome-wide analysis of ping of Xq25.1-27.2 shows association of of response to oral hygiene instructions: Lon- mandibular disorders and anxiety in adoles- Anand D, Saadi I, Oladugba AV, Lachke private dental clinics in Lebanon. J Contemp families. BMC Oral Health 2018;18:98. early childhood caries with genetic variants gitudinal evaluation of periodontal patients. cents. J Oral Rehabil 2019 [Epub ahead of SA, Amendt BA, Rotimi CN, Marazita Dent Pract 2018 Jul 1;19(7):853-861. depending on dietary habits, protecting BMC Oral Health 2018;18(1):72. print]. ML, Cornell RA, Murray JC, Adeyemo AA. Gremba A, Weinberg SM. Measuring digit children who drink milk before going to bed. Genomic analyses in African populations Dalledone M, Cunha AS, Ramazzotto LA, lengths with 3D digital stereophotogram- Caries Res 2019;53(3):333-338. Bureau A, Begum F, Taub MA, Hetmanski identify novel risk loci for cleft palate. Hum Pecharki GD, Nelson-Filho P, Scariot R, metry: A comparison across methods. Am J Arid J, Oliveira DB, Evangelista SS, Vascon- JB, Parker MM, Albacha‐Hejazi, H, Scott Mol Genet 2019 Mar;28(6):1038-1051.. Trevilatto PC, Vieira AR, Küchler EC, Branch- Hum Biol 2018 Jul;30 (4):e23133. Abeskharon A, Fischer M, Burnheimer J. celos KRF, Dutra ALT, Oliveira S, Queiroz AF, Murray JC, Marazita ML, Bailey‐Wilson er JA. Estrogen receptor gene is associated Compliance with retainer wear in the first AM, Nelson-Filho P, Vieira AR, Küchler JE, Beaty TH, Ruczinski I. Inferring disease Carlson JC, Nidey NL, Butali A, Buxo CJ, with dental fluorosis in Brazilian children. Haworth S, Shungin D, van der Tas JT, Vucic year: An analysis of 320 cases. J World EC. Estrogen receptor alpha and growth risk genes from sequencing data in multiplex Christensen K, Deleyiannis FWD, Hecht Clin Oral Investig 2018 Dec 11:1-6. S, Medina-Gomez C, Yakimov V, Feenstra Fed Orthod 2018 Mar;7:13-16. hormone receptor might be involved in de- pedigrees through sharing of rare variants. JT, Field LL, Moreno-Uribe LM, Orioli IM, B, Shaffer JR, Lee MK, Standl M, Thiering E, velopmental defect of enamel. Int J Paediatr Genet Epidemiol 2019 Feb;43(1)37-49. Poletta F, Padilla C, Vieira AR, Weinberg Delsaz S, Engelmeier R, Kunkel T, Mohsen Wang C, Bønnelykke K, Waage J, Eyrich Alexandria AK, Nassur C, Nóbrega CBC, Dent 2019;29(1):29-35. 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60 University of Pittsburgh School of Dental Medicine Ninteenth Annual Research Symposium 61 Howe LJ, Lee MK, Sharp GC, Davey Smith Latif T, Vieira AR. Oral health of individuals Orlova E, Yeh A, Shi M, Firek B, Ran- Scariot R, Corso P, Gonsar B, Gill N, Trevil- Sultan D, Engelmeier RL, Kunkel TC, Shah Vieira AR. Hypothesis-driven versus hypoth- G, St Pourcain B, Shaffer JR, Ludwig KU, with mental health disorders. Rio de Janeiro ganathan S, 23andMe Research Team, lato PC, Potluri A, Vieira AR. TMJ arthrosis: N, Azarbal M. CAD/CAM generated esis-free approaches to the identification of Mangold E, Marazita ML, Feingold E, Zhu- Dent J 2018;3(2):19 -25. Whitcomb DC, Finegold DN, Ferrell RD, Does the occlusal relationship really inter- ceramic post and core. Int J Prosthodont genes for cleft lip and palate. Arch Oral Biol rov A, Stergiakouli E, Sandy J, Richmond S, M. Barmada M, Marazita ML, Hinds DA, fere? A comparison between cone beam 2018;8:72-78. 2018;92:88-89. 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Prevalence of molar incisor hy- NSCL/P loci show associations with nor- Lowe J, Bansal R, Badylak SF, Brown BN, S, Plange-Rhule G, Olugbenga M.Ogun- Haznedaroğlu E, Vieira AR. Two-fold excess Takahashi M, Hosomichi K, Yamaguchi T, pomineralisation has a North-South gradiant mal-range craniofacial variation. Front Genet Chung WL, b. Properties of the temporoman- lewe OM, James O, Halilu T, Abate F, of fluoride in the drinking water has no obvi- Nagahama R, Yoshida H, Maki K, Marazi- between Europe and North Africa. Eur Arch 2018 Oct 259:502. dibular joint in growing pigs. J Biomech Eng Abdur-Rahman LO, Oladugba AV, Marazita ous health effects other than dental fluorosis. ta ML, Weinberg SM, Tajima A. Whole-ge- Paediatr Dent 2019 [Epub ahead of print]. 2018 Jul 1;140(7):071002.1-071002.6. ML, Murray JC, Adeyemo AA, Butali A. 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62 University of Pittsburgh School of Dental Medicine Ninteenth Annual Research Symposium 63 Yu YH, Wilk K, Waldon PL, Intini G. In Books & Book Chapters Orgill J, Anamali S, Vijayan S, Allareddy V. vivo identification of Bmp2-correlation The dental specialist’s cost-benefit analysis networks during fracture healing by means Animali S, Orgill J, Vijayan S, Allareddy V. of referring a CBCT to an oral and maxil- of a limb-specific conditional inactivation of The role of monitors in the visualization and lofacial radiologist. Oral and Maxillofacial Bmp2. Bone 2018 Nov 1;116:103-10. assessment of the inferior alveolar canal. Radiology Interactive Resource Center 2019 Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology Interac- Jan 24. https://www.omfrcenter.com/man- Zak y, S. Tooth regeneration…Any time tive Resource Center 2019 Jan 24. https:// uscript1. soon? (Editorial). Int J Dent Oral Sci www.omfrcenter.com/manuscript3. 2018;5(1e):1-3. Studen-Pavlovich D, Modesto A. Adoles- Guggenheimer J, Moore PA. Drug-induced cence: The dynamics of change. In: Pinkham Zhang C, Miller SF, Roosenboom J, Wehby xerostomia, In Brennan M, Fox P, eds. JR, Casamassimo PS, Fields Jr HW, et al, GL, Moreno Uribe LM, Hecht JT, Deleyiannis Clinician’s Guide: Salivary Gland and Che- eds. Pediatric Dentistry – Infancy Through FWB, Christensen K, Marazita ML, Wein- mosensory Disorders. 2nd ed. Seattle: The Adolescence. 6th edition. St. Louis: Elsevier berg SM. Soft tissue nasal asymmetry as an American Academy of Oral Medicine;2018. Saunders, 2018. indicator of orofacial cleft predisposition. Am J Med Genet A 2018 Jun;176(6):1296 -1303. Ciancio S, Eliaser P, Moore PA, eds. ADA Studen-Pavlovich D, Modesto A. Dental Dental Drug Handbook: A Quick Refer- development, morphology, eruption, and Zhang H, Koruyucu M, Seymen F, Kasimo- ence. Chicago: American Dental Associa- related pathologies. In: Nowak AJ, Casa- glu Y, Kim JW, Tinawi S, Zhang C, Jacque- tion;2019. massimo PS, eds. The Handbook of Pediat- mont ML, Vieira AR, Simmet JP, Hu JCC. ric Dentistry. 5th edition. Chicago: American WDR72 mutations with AI and acidosis. J Moore PA, Hersh EV. Local anesthetics for Academy of Pediatric Dentistry, 2018. Dent Res 2019 [in press]. dentistry (Chapter 7, pg 59-70). In ADA Dental Drug Handbook: A Quick Reference. Tucker MR, Bauer RE, Eans TR, Ochs MW. Zhao D, Brown A, Wang T, Yoshizawa S, Chicago: American Dental Association; Implant treatment: Advanced concepts and Sfeir C, Heineman WR. In vivo quantifica- 2019:59-70. complex cases. In: Hupp JR, et al, eds. Con- tion of hydrogen gas concentration in bone temporary Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. marrow surrounding magnesium fracture Moore PA. Drug monitoring and safety: The 7th edition. Philadelphia: Mosby, 2019. fixation hardware using an electrochemical role of the FDA and the DEA. In: Boynes hydrogen gas sensor. Acta Biomater 2018 SG, ed. Dental Anesthesiology: A Guide Vijayan S, Orgill J, Anamali S, Castro Jun 1;73:559-566. to the Rules and Regulations of the United J, Alhazmi D, Allareddy V. Evaluation of States of America. 6th ed. United States: off-the-shelf and medical grade monitor Zhuang Z, Yoshizawa-Smith S, Glowacki No-No Orchard Publishing;2018:35-36. performance in caries. Oral and Maxillofa- A, Maltos K, Pacheco C, Shehabeldin M, cial Radiology Interactive Resource Center Mulkeen M, Myers N, Chong R, Verdelis Ochs MW, Tucker, MR, Bauer RE. Manage- 2019 Jan 24. https://www.omfrcenter.com/ K, Garlet GP, Little S, Sfeir C. Induction ment of facial fractures. In: Hupp JR, et al, manuscript2. of M2 macrophages prevents bone loss eds. Contemporary Oral and Maxillofacial in murine periodontitis models. J Dent Res Surgery. 7th edition. Philadelphia: Mosby, 2019;98(2):200-208. 2019.

64 University of Pittsburgh School of Dental Medicine Ninteenth Annual Research Symposium 65 Experimental Biology Annual Meeting Cancer of the Head and Neck: A London, England Orlando, Fla. Multidisciplinary Symposium July 24, 2018 April 6-9, 2019 Pittsburgh, Pa. August 6-7, 2018 Joint Statistical Meetings First International Conference on Oral Vancouver, BC, Canada Mucosal Immunity and Microbiome University of Pittsburgh Science July 28-August 2, 2018 Chania, Crete, Greece Pittsburgh, Pa. September 26-October 1, 2018 October 17-19, 2018 National Oral Health Conference Memphis, Tenn. PRESENTATIONS McGowan Institute Scientific Retreat XVth International Magnesium April 15-17, 2019 Pittsburgh, Pa. Symposium “Magnesium in Health March 12, 2019 and Disease” American Academy of Endodontics Bethesda, Md. (AAE) Annual Meeting Michigan-Pittsburgh-Wyss March 20-22, 2019 Denver, Colo. 104th Annual American Academy of American Dental Education American Academy of Oral and Regenerative Medicine Resource April 25-28, 2019 Periodontology (AAP) Annual Meeting Association (ADEA) Annual Session Maxillofacial Pathology (AAOMP) Center (MPWRM) 2018 Annual National Dental Advisory Council Vancouver, BC, Canada and Exhibition 2018 Annual Meeting Stakeholders Summit Annual Meeting AADR/CADR Annual Meeting & October 27-30, 2018 Chicago, Ill. Vancouver, B.C., Canada Pittsburgh, Pa. Amelia Island, Fla. Exhibition March 15-18, 2019 June 24-25, 2018 July 10-11, 2018 May 16-19, 2018 Fort Lauderdale, Fla. 10th Biometal Symposium on March 21-24, 2018 Biodegradable Metals for Biomedical 41st Annual Meeting of the Society American Academy of Pediatric Pittsburgh Academy of Periodontology National Oral Health Conference Application for Craniofacial Genetics and Dentistry 71st Annual Session Pittsburgh, Pa. Louisville, Ky. International Society for Stem Cell Oxford, UK Developmental Biology Honolulu, Hawaii October 10, 2018 April 16-18, 2018 Research (ISSCR) Annual Meeting August 26-31, 2018 La Jolla, Calif. May 24-27, 2018 Melbourne, Australia October 16, 2018 Silk Road International Forum on American Dental Education Jun 20-23, 2018 ADEA Fall Meeting American Association of Oral and Stomatology Association (ADEA) Annual Session Toronto, Canada 48th Annual Session of the American Maxillofacial Surgeons (AAOMS) Xian, China and Exhibition 35th Annual Meeting of the October 24-26, 2018 College of Prosthodontics 100th Annual Meeting, Scientific September 25-29, 2018 Orlando, Fla. Brazilian Division of the International Baltimore, Md. Sessions and Exhibition March 17-20, 2018 Association for Dental Research ADEA Sections on Business and October 31-November 1, 2018 Chicago, Ill. Society for Experimental Biology (SBPqO) Financial Administration and Clinic October 8-13, 2018 Annual Meeting Rx Drug Abuse & Heroin Summit Campinas, SP, Brazil Administration (ADEA BFACA) 68th Annual Meeting of the American Florence, Italy Atlanta, Ga. September 4, Meeting Society of Human Genetics American Association of Oral and July 2-6, 2018 April 22-25, 2019 Pittsburgh, Pa. San Diego, Calif. Maxillofacial Surgeons (AAOMS) Biomedical Engineering Society October 11, 2018 October 18-22, 2018 Dental Implant Conference Texas Dental Society of American Dental Association (ADA) (BMES) Annual Meeting Chicago, Ill. Anesthesiology 2018 Annual Scientific Annual Meeting Atlanta, Ga. American Academy of Oral Medicine 96th General Session of the November 29-December 1, 2018 Session Honolulu, Hawaii October 17-20, 2018 (AAOM) Annual Meeting International Association for Dental San Antonio, Tex. October 18-22, 2018 San Antonio, Tex. Research American Cleft Palate-Craniofacial September 29, 2018 24th Annual Hinman Student April 10-14, 2018 London, England Association’s (ACPA) 76th Annual Dental Society of Western Research Symposium July 25-28, 2018 Meeting University of Michigan School of Pennsylvania 2018 3Rivers Dental Memphis, Tenn. Eastern Society of Teachers of Oral Tuscon, Ariz. Dentistry 12th Ramfjord Symposium Conference November 2-4, 2018 Pathology (ESTOP) Annual Academy of Osseo Integration Annual April 9-13, 2019 Ann Arbor, Mich. Nemacolin, Pa. Savannah, Ga. Meeting June 14-16, 2018 November 8, 2018 December 7-9, 2018 Washington, D.C. American Society for Bone and March 14-16, 2018 Mineral Research (ASBMR) 2018 University of Pittsburgh School South Dakota Dental Society Annual AcademyHealth Annual Research Annual Meeting of Dental Medicine 18th Annual Session Meeting American Academy of Cariology Montreal, Canada Research Symposium Rapid City, S.D. Seattle, Wash. (AAC) Annual Conference and Sep28-Oct 1, 2018 Pittsburgh, Pa. May 16-18, 2018 June 24-26, 2018 Workshop May 16, 2018 Chicago, Ill. American Student Dental Association Oral Epidemiology (Epi) Forum ADEA Assessment Conference March 15, 2019 (ASDA) Annual Session University of Pittsburgh School Satellite Symposium, IADR Washington, D.C. Pittsburgh, Pa. of Medicine Survivorship after February 6-8, 2019 February 27-March 2, 2019

66 University of Pittsburgh School of Dental Medicine Ninteenth Annual Research Symposium 67 DENTAL.PITT.EDU/RESEARCH SEE COVER PAGE FILE

68 University of Pittsburgh School of Dental Medicine Ninteenth Annual Research Symposium