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SFG1171 V15 Public Disclosure Authorized LAKEVICTORIA NORTH WATER SERVICES BOARD WATER AND SANITATION SERVICES IMPROVEMENT PROJECT-ADDITIONAL FINANCING (WaSSIP-AF) PROJECT CREDIT NO: 51030 - KE Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized PROPOSED REHABILITATION OF KWANZA WATER SUPPLY SCHEME ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT (ESIA) PROJECT REPORT Client: Prepared by: Lake Victoria North WaterServices Board Eng. J. K. Wainaina (NEMA Reg.No. 1042) Public Disclosure Authorized P.O Box 673-50100 P.O Box 4356-00506 KAKAMEGA NAIROBI JANUARY 2016 (REVISED MAY 2017) 1 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS Executive summary…………………………………………………………………………………………5 1 Introduction…………………………………………………………………………………………….....9 2 Project Description………………………………………………………………………………………14 3 Policy, Legal and Admnistative Framework…………………………………………………………….25 4 Relevant World Bank Policies…………………………………………………………………………...41 5 Implementation Arrangements…………………………………………………………………………..45 6 Physical and Environmental Conditions…………………………………………………………….......46 7 Social Economic Status of the Project Area………………………………………………………….....50 8 Consultations & Public Participation…………………………………………………………………...58 9 Anticipated Impacts & Mitigation Measures…………………………………………………………...65 10 Analysis of Alternatives……………………………………………………….....................................77 11 Environmental Impact & Social Management Plan…………………………………………………...79 12 Grievance Mechanism for affected communities…………………………………………………….. 85 13 Recommendations & Conclusions…………………………………………………………………….87 APPENDIX – Minutes of stake holders‘ consultative meetings…………………………………………89 3 ABBREVIATIONS LVNWSB Lake Victoria North Water Service Board WaSSIP Water and Sanitation Improvement Programmes IDA International Development Association WaSSIP-AF Water and Sanitation Improvement Programmes Additional Financing EIA Environmental Impact Assessment ESMP Environmental and Social Management Plan RAP Resettlement Action Plan ESIA Environmental and Social Impact Assessment EMCA Environmental Management and Co-Ordination Act NEMA National Environmental Management Authority WRMA Water Resources Management Authority PBT Pressure Breaking Tank NEAP National Environment Action Plan MDGs Millennium Development Goals WASREB Water Service Regulatory Board WSTF Water Service Trust Fund WSBs Water Service Boards EMP Environmental Management Plan SESA Strategic Environmental and Social Assessment ESMF Environmental and Social Management Framework ECDE Early Childhood Development Education GER Gross Enrolment Rate CBR Crude Birth Rate CDR Crude Death Rate T.B Tuberculosis HIV/AIDS Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome IDP Internally Displaced Person STI Sexually Transmitted Infection STD Sexually Transmitted Disease EA Environmental Audits 4 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1 Introduction Kenya‘s people and the economy are highly vulnerable to erratic climatic patterns and limited water availability due to their reliance on key sectors (agriculture, tourism, hydro-energy, etc.) that depend on rainfall and water availability. The country has limited freshwater endowments and is classified as a chronically ‗water scarce‘ country in absolute and relative terms. It faces the additional challenge of high inter-annual and intra-annual rainfall variability. Climate variability and hydro-climatic shocks (droughts and floods) impact disproportionately on the poor, and climate change is projected to exacerbate existing climate risks and water resource constraints. Kenya has yet to adequately manage its highly variable hydrology to improve climate resilience, as evidenced in decades-long underinvestment in water infrastructure.The Government of the Republic of Kenya (GoK) has mainstreamed its National Water Policy to envisage 100% access to safe water for the Country‘s population by 2030. To achieve this target, the GoK has been implementing a far reaching sector reform program since 2002 aimed at harmonizing the Management of Water Resources and Water Supply and Sanitation (WSS) throughout the country. This reform has been propelled by the Water Act (2002), which aims at harmonizing the Management of Water Resources and Water Supply and Sanitation Services.The World Bank has been supporting the GoK in its Water Sector Reforms through financing of programmes towards improvement of Water and Sanitation Services in the country. In this regard, the (GoK) and World Bank, through the International Development Association (IDA), have agreed on the implementation of the Water and Sanitation Services Improvement Project –Additional Funding (WaSSIP - AF). This Project aims at supporting the Water Sector Reforms effort by achieving the following three objectives namely: (i) Increase access to reliable, affordable and sustainable Water Supply and Sanitation Services. (ii) Improve the Water and Wastewater Services. (iii) Institutional Strengthening and capacity building of Water Service Providers. One of the activities identified is the rehabilitation and augmentation of Kwanza Water Supply Scheme within the Lake Victoria North Water Services Board (LVNWSB) area of jurisdiction. LVNWSB has undertaken Detailed Designs and prepared Tender Documents and Drawings for the works. LVNWSB is in the process of procuring a contractor for the Implementation of these works. The present Water Services in Kwanza and Kolongolo Wards in TransNzoia County are under extreme pressures due to the high population increase, development and growth over the last decade. In addition, sections of the systems are either dilapidated or require urgent rehabilitation due to normal wear, tear and age. The problems are at times compounded by interference with the existing infrastructure such as damage to appurtenances etc. The suppressed water supply in some areas affects the wellbeing and living standards of the population in these areas 2 Project background and scope of rehabilitation works The water supply is located in Kwanza sub- County of Trans Nzoia County. It is located about 20km North- West of Kitale town. The present water supply consists of 2 different raw water diesel pumping systems each from Asega and Nge‘ng‘e dams. The water supply networks cover the markets of Kwanza, Sitikho, Kolongolo, Luuya and Keiyo. The water supply is presently out of operation due to high cost and breakdown of project components. The water supply is under the management of the Kwanza Sub County Water Officer. The supply area has a population of approximately 9,000 people. The proposed rehabilitation/augmentation measures for the scheme include but are not limited to:- . Rehabilitation of the existing Asega Dam Intake area, including construction of intake chamber; . Laying of 4,424m long DN 200mm raw water rising main to the proposed Kwanza T/works; . Construction of water treatment works composed of; stilling well, flocculation channel,sedimentation tank, rapid sand filters, chlorination tank, elevated backwash system, staff house, pump house, chemical store, and office block, fence and gate; . Supply and installation of 1no. Pump set (backwash pump) & Control panels, and electrical installations in the buildings; . Laying of 8,637m long gravity distribution line to Kolongolo; . Laying of 6,085m long gravity distribution line to Luuya; . Laying of a total of 7,637m long gravity distribution line to Umoja and Kobos; . Laying of an outlet main to Kwanza town; and . Minor rehabilitations of the existing storage tanks in the area. The approximate costs for the proposed works based on the final deailed designs is KES. 94,007,696 and a construction period of about 12 months. 5 3 The Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) study The goal of this ESIA study was to identify impacts resulting from the proposed project to the environment and social setting. The impacts were determined on the basis of the baseline conditions established during the fieldwork and information obtained from the documents reviewed as well as interviews of the stakeholders. For subjective predictions of the impacts, the site area was subjected to environmental scoping process. This was a process of evaluating the overall magnitude of the project and the significance of the anticipated impacts and possibilities of handling the same. Detailed evaluation of the project area was undertaken such as to focus on any significant environmental and social issues as established during the scoping process. This scoping report was designed to provide a preliminary view of the environmental and social status. The report presents the overall project concepts, anticipated magnitude, key stakeholders and the implementation plan outline. It also involved establishment of the diversity on the physical environment, climatic conditions, demographic trends as well as the hydro-geological status in the area. Relevant policy and legal requirements were also listed. The study team strived to share experiences on water resources and social issues in that the part of the country where the project is located and in particular with regard to water demand and utilization. The Environmental Impact Assessment findings presented in this report provides a critical examination of issues considered important in fulfilling the requirements of a clean, sustainable and healthy environment especially in a project that would involve re- locations. 4 Legal Framework Laws and regulations pertinent to the various aspects and activities of the proposed Rehabilitation of Kwanza Water Supply Project include the following among others: • Environment