H. Sevgili et al. / Hacettepe J. Biol. & Chem., 2016, 44 (1), 47–63

Biodiversity in Urban environments of Ordu City and Nearby Areas: , Birds, Reptiles and Amphibians

Ordu Şehri ve Yakın Çevresinde Biyoçeşitlik: Memeliler, Kuşlar, Sürüngenler ve İkiyaşamlılar Research Article

Hasan Sevgili1*, Ahmet Karataş2, Onur Candan1 1Ordu University, Faculty of Art and Science, Department of Biology, Ordu. 2Niğde University, Faculty of Art and Science, Department of Biology, Niğde.

ABSTRACT

he present paper provides the first species list of the fauna of terrestrial vertebrates of Ordu, . A Tsurvey for determination of the fauna was conducted between 2011 and 2015 in Ordu and the immediate vici- nity. The field studies were made using several different techniques including; visual, wildlife photography and passive infrared camera traps. Previous records and wildlife observations around Ordu city published by pro- fessional wildlife photographers were also included. Overall, we determined 219 terrestrial vertebrate species (168 birds, 40 mammals, 7 reptiles, and 4 amphibians), some of them being low conservation concern. Among the most remarkable species from the conservation point of view, Emys orbicularis (Reptilia), Aythya nyroca, Puffinus yelkouan, Pelecanus crispus, Saxicola maurus, Tetrax tetrax (Aves), Rhinolophus euryale, Miniopterus schreibersii, Lutra lutra (Mammalia) come into prominence. The third record of the Rustic Bunting (Emberiza rustica) for Turkey is made in this study. In the Blacksea region of Turkey, although the most records of Roe Deer (Capreolus capreolus) is largely confined to mountainous regions, it was captured by the photo-traps in the urban areas. Our results suggest that biodiversity of terrestrial vertebrates in Ordu and immediate vicinity is still rich, and adjacent environments between urban and wild habitats are important in terms of conservation of the urban biodiversity.

Key Words Terrestrial Fauna, mammals, birds, herptiles, , Turkey.

ÖZET

u çalışmada Ordu ilinin karasal omurgalı türleri ilk kez listelenmiştir. Arazi çalışması Ordu şehri ve yakın Bçevresinde 2011-2015 yılları arasında gerçekleştirilmiştir. Arazi çalışmaları doğrudan gözlem, fotoğraflama, fotokapan ve video kullanılarak farklı yöntemlerle gerçekleştirilmiştir. Tür listesi Ordu şehri ve civarında yapılmış çalışmalardan elde edilen kayıtlar ve profesyonel doğa fotoğrafçılarının gözlemlerini de yansıtmaktadır. Genel olarak, toplamda 219 adet karasal omurgalı türü (168 kuş, 40 memeli, 7 sürüngen, 4 kurbağa) tespit edilmiş ve bunların çok az bir kısmının tehlike altında olduğu anlaşılmaktadır. Koruma statüleri bakımından dikkat çeken türler olarak; Emys orbicularis, Aythya nyroca, Puffinus yelkouan, Pelecanus crispus, Saxicola maurus, Tetrax tetrax, Rhinolophus euryale, Miniopterus schreibersii, Lutra lutra verilebilir. Akkaşlı Kirazkuşunun (Emberiza rustica), Türkiye’den 3. kaydı bu çalışma ile verilmektedir. Karadeniz bölgesinde Karaca (Capreolus capreolus)’nın birçok kaydının daha çok dağlık bölgelerle sınırlı kalmasına rağmen, bu çalışmada şehirleşen alanda da fotokapan ile tespit edilmiştir. Bu çalışmadan elde edilen sonuçlar, Ordu şehri ve yakın civarının karasal omurgalı çeşitliliğinin hala yüksek olduğu ve şehir ile doğal yaşam habitatları arasındaki çevrelerin şehir biyoçeşitliliğinin korunmasında önemli olduğuna işaret etmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler Karasal Fauna, Memeli, Kuş, Herptil, Ordu şehri, Türkiye.

Article History: Received: Jan 7, 2016; Revised: Feb 10, 2016; Accepted: Mar 12, 2016; Available Online: Apr 01, 2016. DOI: 10.15671/HJBC.20164417566 Correspondence to: H. Sevgili; Ordu University, Faculty of Art and Science, Department of Biology, Ordu, Turkey. Tel: +90 452 234 50 10 Fax: +90 452 233 91 49 E-Mail: [email protected] 48 H. Sevgili et al. / Hacettepe J. Biol. & Chem., 2016, 44 (1), 47–63

INTRODUCTION create agricultural fields in particular, habitats s of 2014, it is estimated that 54% of the of birds and other terrestrial vertebrates were Aworld population live in cities, and this rate rapidly devastated. In addition to increasing will rise up to 66% by 2050 [1]. According to the urbanization, the usage of the estuary of Melet address-based population registration system as garbage dump for many years remarkably data, 23% of the population of Turkey lives in polluted the area. In addition, the bird species rural areas, whereas the remaining 77% lives in visiting the area had significantly dropped. Our urban areas [2]. A modification of the natural observations in a small wetland which has been distribution areas of organisms into farmlands, able to still survive, but partly-impaired and urbanization and growth of the human population polluted in Durugöl, which is totally occupied have a strong impact on biodiversity [3,4]. The by the buildings today showed that the water migration from the countryside to city engenders bird species (Anatidae, water hens, herons etc.), an utilization of new lands for housing, resulting hinting that the species richness of the area in the in a separation of the present habitats into a period which the wetland was not polluted. As it fragmented structure or a complete eradication can be seen in the study results, an observation of the ecosystem. There are three main aspects of mammals like Roe Deer (Capreolus capreolus) of biodiversity: species diversity, genetic diversity near urban areas, supports this thesis. and ecosystem diversity. A devastation of the habitats is considered as “habitat loss” for many Turkey, when compared to other Palearctic species, which results in a pollution, infestation geographical regions, has a richer habitat variety. of invasive species and other adversities. In The fact that endemic taxa in a proportional sense conclusion, of the increase in the urbanization is higher in comparison with other countries rate, and exploitation of land for agriculture indicates that terrestrial, nautical, and freshwater appear to be the main threats of continuity of biodiversity is greater [6]. Turkey’s avifauna like local species [5,6]. and reptile faunas have been thoroughly studied, and a precise list is mostly established. It This study aimed to determine the terrestrial is also known that Turkey’s avifauna mostly have vertebrates observed in Ordu and the immediate been photographed in the web sources created vicinity. Ordu city was established in 400 BC by by professional and amateur photographers [10, the name Kotyora [7]. Residential life quickly 11]. Kirwan et al. [12] have compiled and listed formed after the establishment of the Republic numerous studies concerning with Turkey’s bird of Turkey. Means of livelihood include traditional fauna, and reported 453 species. It has been fishing and, hazelnut cultivation that has been determined that most of these bird species is recently popularized [8]. In mid 1960s, 15% of commonly found throughout the year and very the population had lived in cities while this rate few of them (approximately 56) are migratory increased to 45% in 2012. birds [13]. Later studies [14] also confirmed that approximately 460 species were reported from As known, the East and the West Turkey. The list of birds in Turkey have been geographical regions are separated by the updated, and with the recent records, the list river Melet. Until recent years, the river basins; contains 483 species [10,15]. Durugöl, Melet, and Turnasuyu have been intact habitats, as understood from the records. The The Kızılırmak Delta (Samsun), which is the geological formation of the River Basin, Melet, closest habitat to the presently studied area as indicates the presence of these natural habitats well as the best preserved and biggest wetland [9]. According to Gürgen [9], powerful streams in the Blacksea Region, contains more than 340 such as Melet, Civil, and Turnasuyu generated determined bird species [16]. In a study done the delta formed from the vast Pleistocene and in Artvin, situated on a bird migration route, Holocene alluvial fillings on the coasts in the west a total of 216 bird species including 87 local of Boztepe. However, after 1950 these basins and species was determined [17]. Except for a few wetlands were opened for settlement, dried to records, there is no avifauna studies in Ordu and H. Sevgili et al. / Hacettepe J. Biol. & Chem., 2016, 44 (1), 47–63 49 immediate vicinity. However, in a report prepared Sea region [e.g.26], a complete herpetofauna by the Provincial Directorate of Environment of list has not been established yet. According to Ordu, a list of mammal, bird and reptile species the results of the only herpetofaunistic study to determined in Ordu is provided [18]. According include Ordu and provinces in the study to this list, 62 birds, 19 reptiles and 31 mammals area, with 3 salamenders (Urodela), 6 frogs species were listed in Ordu. Interestingly, the (Anura), and 4 lizards, 4 serpentes, a total of 17 same list was repeated in 2013. species were determined (Kumlutaş et al., 1998). A study in Middle and East Black Sea regions A study listing Turkey and Cyprus’s mammal reported 7 amphibians, 2 tortoises, 12 lizards, and fauna reviewed the studies on mammal fauna in 5 serpentes species [27,28]. Turkey and listed over 140 species [19]. According to the list, a significant amount of mammal MATERIAL AND METHOD species in Turkey consists of with 43%, while 24% consists of bats, 13,5% carnivores, This study includes data collected irregularly and 12% insectivores. Devastation of habitats between 2011-2015. The bird species in the list and the rapid urbanization negatively effects were determined in Cumhuriyet campus and the not only bird faunas, but also mammal faunas immediate vicinity of Ordu University, Melet River [20,21]. In the present study, since large mammal estuary, inner-city, coastal region, and Turnasuyu observations rather than small mammals were estuary. The birds were determined in all seasons made around the university campus with photo- by photography and observations irregular done trap method, potential small mammals, and bats in irregular intervals. Photography was done were not determined. using Canon EOS-1D Mark IV, 50D and 7D Mark II cameras and Canon EF 400 mm f5.6 and Canon As noted above, Turkey also has a herpetofauna 600 f/4 lenses. While determining some species, that is quite diverse in terms of reptile (Reptilia) binoculars were also used (Bushnell Powerview and amphibian (Amphibia) groups due to different 12x50 mm). Especially while observing and geographic areas and an intercontinental photographing on riversides, camouflage was bridge. Numerous studies have reported a rapid used. decrease in the distribution and abundance of reptiles and amphibians after the second half of Reptile and amphibian determination was the 20th century [22,23]. Despite the fact that made in the university campus and the immediate a consensus on taxa have not been reached in vicinity. Samples were caught by hand, and then terms of species status, there are 21 species of identified. amphibians, 8 of them are salamenders (urodela), and 13 of them are frogs (Anura) in Turkey [24]. Photo-traps (Bushnell Trophy Cam HD Max) In the same book, a total of 108 reptile species were used in order to identify mammal species. including 9 tortoises, 58 lizards, and 41 serpentes This study does not include the determination were listed. In our country, reptile observation of small mammal fauna with the use of photo- and photography and relevant science-based traps. Mammal species captured by photo-traps internet sources have recently started to become were identified using the videos and photographs common. According to the data of Anonymous acquired by the traps. Photo-traps were mounted [25], one of the most important of the sources, around the campus. The photo trap data were a total of 34 amphibian species including 17 examined every two weeks. Extensive sources salamenders (Urodela), and 17 frogs (Anura), and [11,19,29-37] were utilized for the listing of the a total of 132 reptile species including 11 tortoises mammal species. and 65 lizards, 56 serpentes have been listed. The reasons of different number of species from Visual Encounter Survey (VES) was used to the Baran’s list [24] are the addition of new taxa determine the species in the Herpetofauna [38]. in the list or other taxonomic changes. Except for The VES is based on the systematic observation of some local faunistic studies related to the Black at a specified time in the field study. This 50 H. Sevgili et al. / Hacettepe J. Biol. & Chem., 2016, 44 (1), 47–63

observation method is appropriate for assembling RESULTS AND DISCUSSION inventory and observation studies of the species in an aquatic or terrestrial habitat. The VES is used A total of 168 bird species belonging to 50 families to determine species richness in a region, create a and 20 orders were listed from the city center species list, and estimate the relative abundance and adjacent parts of Ordu (Table 1). Although of the species in a habitat. In the implementation two species from Columbidae (COLUMBIFORMES) of this method, observing species themselves by family have been known to distribute in neighbor advancing in random transects in a particular areas through Giresun, they were not able field, or indirect observations such as slough and to be recorded in the study area. These are: left traces are carried out. In this study, species Streptopelia turtur (European Turtle Dove) and lists were created by making direct observations S. decaocto (Collared Dove). Apus apus (Swift) in Ordu University campus and the immediate and Tachymarptis melba (Alpine Swift) from vicinity, in 2011 and in 2015 in fall and spring. Apodidae (APODIFORMES) family were registered in KuşBank [41] and recorded from Ordu, but Species conservation status were organized were not included in the list since they cannot according to the IUCN, BERN, and CITES [39,40] be verified. Similarly Cisticola juncidis (Fan-tailed criterias. Warbler) from Cisticolidae (PASSERIFORMES), mostly seen in our Mediterranean and Aegean coasts, was also excluded from the list.

Table 1. The list of birds of Ordu city. ORDO Family 2014 Feb 2014 Feb 2013 June Names of taxa 2013-2014 MAK IUCN BERN CITES Species

Turkeys, grouse, GALLIFORMES chickens, pheasants

Pheasants and Phasianidae partridges

Coturnix coturnix Common quail LC III III

Screamers, ANSERIFORMES ducks, geese, swans

Anatidae Ducks, Geese

Greater white- Anser albifrons LC III III fronted goose

Cygnus olor Mute swan LC III I

Cygnus cygnus Whooper swan LC II I

Tadorna ferruginea Ruddy shelduck LC II I

Common Tadorna tadorna LC II I shelduck

Eurasian Anas penelope LC III III Wigeon

Anas platyrhynchos Mallard LC III III

Northern Anas clypeata LC III II shoveler

Anas acuta Northern pintail LC III III H. Sevgili et al. / Hacettepe J. Biol. & Chem., 2016, 44 (1), 47–63 51

Table 1. The list of birds of Ordu city (Continue).

Anas querquedula Garganey LC III III

Anas crecca Eurasian teal LC III III

Red-crested Netta rufina LC III III pochard

Common Aythya ferina LC III III pochard

Ferruginous Aythya nyroca NT III I duck

Aythya fuligula Tufted duck LC III III

Common Bucephala clangula LC II III goldeneye

Mergellus albellus Smew LC II I

Red-breasted Mergus serrator LC III II merganser

GAVIIFORMES Loons

Gaviidae Loons

Black-throated Gavia arctica LC II II loon

Seabirds PROCELLARIIFORMES (Petrels, shearwaters,...)

Procellariidae Shearwaters

Yelkouan Puffinus yelkouan VU II I shearwater

PODICIPEDIFORMES Grebe

Podicipedidae Grebes

Tachybaptus ruficollis Little grebe LC II I

Great crested Podiceps cristatus LC III I grebe

Black-necked Podiceps nigricollis LC II I grebe

CICONIIFORMES Storks

Ciconiidae Storks

Ciconia nigra Black stork LC II II I

Ciconia ciconia White stork LC II I

Ibises, PELECANIFORMES Spoonbills

Ibises, Threskiornithidae Spoonbills

Plegadis falcinellus Glossy ibis LC II I

Eurasian Platalea leucorodia LC II II I spoonbill 52 H. Sevgili et al. / Hacettepe J. Biol. & Chem., 2016, 44 (1), 47–63

Table 1. The list of birds of Ordu city (Continue).

Ardeidae Herons, Bitterns

Botaurus stellaris Eurasian bittern LC II I

Ixobrychus minutus Little bittern LC II I

Black-crowned Nycticorax nycticorax LC II I night heron

Ardeola ralloides Squacco heron LC II I

Bubulcus ibis Cattle egret LC II I

Ardea cinerea Grey heron LC III II

Ardea purpurea Purple heron LC II I

Great white Casmerodius albus LC II I egret

Egretta garzetta Little egret LC II I

Pelecanidae Pelicans

Great white Pelecanus onocrotalus LC II I pelican

Dalmatian Pelecanus crispus VU II I I pelican

Cormorants, SULIFORMES Shags

Phalacrocoracidae Cormorants

Pygmy Phalacrocorax pygmeus LC II I cormorant

Phalacrocorax carbo Karabatak LC III II

Phalacrocorax European shag LC II I aristotelis

FALCONIFORMES Falcons

Falconidae Falcons

Falco tinnunculus Common kestrel LC II II I

Falco subbuteo Eurasian hobby LC II II I

Falco peregrinus Peregrine falcon LC II I I

Hawks, Ospreys, ACCIPITRIFORMES Eagles, Buzzards

Pandionidae Ospreys

Pandion haliaetus Osprey LC II II I

Accipitridae Hawks

European Pernis apivorus LC II II I honey-buzzard

Short-toed Circaetus gallicus LC II II I snake eagle H. Sevgili et al. / Hacettepe J. Biol. & Chem., 2016, 44 (1), 47–63 53

Table 1. The list of birds of Ordu city (Continue).

Western marsh- Circus aeruginosus LC II II I harrier

Circus cyaneus Hen harrier LC II II I

Eurasian Accipiter nisus LC II II I sparrohawk

Buteo buteo Buzzard LC II II I

Long-legged Buteo rufinus LC II II I buzzard

Lesser spotted Aquila pomarina LC II II I eagle

Hieraaetus pennatus Booted eagle LC II II I

OTIDIFORMES Bustard

Otididae Bustards

Tetrax tetrax Little bustard NT II II I

GRUIFORMES Crakes, Rails

Rallidae Rails and crakes

Rallus aquaticus Water rail LC III II

Crex crex Corn crake LC II I

Porzana parva Little crake LC II I

Porzana porzana Spotted crake LC II I

Purple Porphyrio porphyrio LC II I swamphen

Common Gallinula chloropus LC III II moorhen

Fulica atra Eurasian coot LC III III

Grus grus Common crane LC II II I

Waders, gulls, CHARADRIIFORMES auks

Haematopodidae Oystercatchers

Eurasian Haematopus ostralegus LC III II oystercatcher

Avocets and Recurvirostridae stilts

Black-winged Himantopus himantopus LC II I stilt

Plovers and Charadriidae lapwings

Northern Vanellus vanellus LC III II lapwing

Little ringed Charadrius dubius LC II I plover 54 H. Sevgili et al. / Hacettepe J. Biol. & Chem., 2016, 44 (1), 47–63

Table 1. The list of birds of Ordu city (Continue).

Snipe-like Scolopacidae waders

Gallinago gallinago Common snipe LC III III

Black-tailed Limosa limosa NT III II Godwit

Numenius phaeopus Whimbrel LC III II

Common Tringa totanus LC III II redshank

Tringa ochropus Green sandpiper LC II I

Tringa glareola Wood sandpiper LC II I

Common Actitis hypoleucos LC II I sandpiper

Calidris alba Sanderling LC II I

Calidris alpina Dunlin LC II I

Laridae Gulls

Larus canus Common gull LC III II

Larus cachinnans Caspian gull LC III

Yellow legged Larus michahellis LC III II gull

Lesser black- Larus fuscus LC II backed gull

Larus ichthyaetus Pallas’s gull LC III II

Black-headed Larus ridibundus LC III II gull

Slender-billed Larus genei LC II I gull

Mediterranean Larus melanocephalus LC II I gull

Larus minutus Little gull LC II I

Sternidae Terns

Sterna caspia Caspian tern LC II I

Sterna sandvicensis Sanwich tern LC II I

Chlidonias hybrida Whiskered tern LC II I

White-winged Chlidonias leucopterus LC II I tern

Stercorariidae Skuas

Stercorarius parasiticus Parasitic jaeger LC III II

COLUMBIFORMES Pigeons

Columbidae Pigeons, Doves

Columba livia Rock dove LC III III H. Sevgili et al. / Hacettepe J. Biol. & Chem., 2016, 44 (1), 47–63 55

Table 1. The list of birds of Ordu city (Continue).

Stigmatopelia Laughing dove LC III II senegalensis

CUCULIFORMES Cuckoos

Cuculidae Cuckoos

Cuculus canorus Common cuckoo LC III I

STRIGIFORMES Owls

Strigidae Owls

Strix aluco Tawny owl LC II II I

Athene noctua Little owl LC II II I

Kingfishers, CORACIIFORMES Bee-eaters

Alcedinidae Kingfishers

Common Alcedo atthis LC II I kingfisher

Meropidae Bea-eaters

European bee- Merops apiaster LC II I eater

Hornbills, BUCEROTIFORMES Hoopoes

Upupidae Hoopoes

Common Upupa epops LC III I hoopoe

PICIFORMES Woodpeckers

Picidae Woodpeckers

Eurasian Jynx torquilla LC II I Wryneck

Middle spotted Dendrocopos medius LC II I woodpecker

Syrian Dendrocopos syriacus LC II I woodpecker

PASSERIFORMES Songbirds

Laniidae Shrikes

Red-backed Lanius collurio LC II I shrike

Lanius nubicus Masked shrike LC II I

Old World Oriolidae orioles

Eurasian golden Oriolus oriolus LC II I oriole

Corvidae Crows

Garrulus glandarius Eurasian jay LC III 56 H. Sevgili et al. / Hacettepe J. Biol. & Chem., 2016, 44 (1), 47–63

Table 1. The list of birds of Ordu city (Continue).

Western Corvus monedula LC III jackdaws

Corvus frugilegus Rook LC III

Corvus cornix Hooded crow UR III

Corvus corax Common raven LC III II

Paridae Tits

Parus major Great tit LC II I

Parus caeruleus Eurasian blue tit LC II I

Hirundinidae Swallows

Hirundo rustica Barn swallow LC II I

Common house Delichon urbicum LC II I martin

Aegithalidae Long-tailed tits

Aegithalos caudatus Long-tailed tit LC III II

Alaudidae Larks

Galerida cristata Crested lark LC III II

Alauda arvensis Eurasian skylark LC III II

Cettiidae Bush warblers

Cettia cetti Cetti’s warbler LC III I

Acrocephalidae Warblers

Acrocephalus Sedge warbler LC III I schoenobaenus

Acrocephalus Eurasian reed LC III I scirpaceus warbler

Acrocephalus palustris Marsh warbler LC III I

Acrocephalus Great reed LC III I arundinaceus warbler

Phylloscopidae Willow warblers

Phylloscopus trochilus Willow warbler LC III I

Common Phylloscopus collybita LC III I chiffchaff

Phylloscopus sibilatrix Wood warbler LC III I

True warblers Sylviidae and parrotbills

Eurasian Sylvia atricapilla LC II I blackcap

Sylvia borin Garden warbler LC II I

Common Sylvia communis LC II I whitethroat

Lesser Sylvia curruca LC II I whitethroat H. Sevgili et al. / Hacettepe J. Biol. & Chem., 2016, 44 (1), 47–63 57

Table 1. The list of birds of Ordu city (Continue).

Sylvia nisoria Barred warbler LC II I

Sardininan Sylvia melanocephala LC II I warbler

Regulidae Kinglets, Crests

Regulus regulus Goldcrest LC II I

Common Regulus ignicapilla LC II I firecast

Troglodytidae Wrens

Troglodytes troglodytes Eurasien wren LC II I

Sturnidae Starlings

Common Sturnus vulgaris LC II starling

Turdidae Thrushes

Common Turdus merula LC III III blackbird

Turdus philomelos Song thrush LC III II

Muscicapidae Flycatchers

Erithacus rubecula European robin LC II I

Thrush Luscinia luscinia LC II I nightingale

Luscinia svecica Bluethroat LC II I

Phoenicurus ochruros Black redstart LC II I

Phoenicurus Common LC II I phoenicurus redstart

Saxicola rubetra Whinchat LC II I

Common Saxicola torquatus LC II I stonechat

Siberian Saxicola maurus NR III stonechat

Oenanthe oenanthe Wheatear LC II I

Isabelline Oenanthe isabellina LC II I wheatear

Spotted Muscicapa striata LC II I flycatcher

Red-breasted Ficedula parva LC II I flycatcher

Cinclidae Dippers

White-throated Cinclus cinclus LC II I dipper

Passeridae Sparrows

Passer domesticus House sparrow LC III 58 H. Sevgili et al. / Hacettepe J. Biol. & Chem., 2016, 44 (1), 47–63

Table 1. The list of birds of Ordu city (Continue).

Eurasian tree Passer montanus LC III II sparrow

Prunellidae Accentors

Prunella modularis Dunnock LC III I

Motacillidae Wagtails, Pipits

Motacilla alba White wagtail LC III I

Motacilla citreola Citrine wagtail LC III I

Motacilla flava Yellow wagtail LC II I

Motacilla cinerea Grey wagtail LC II I

Anthus pratensis Meadow pipit LC II I

Anthus spinoletta Water pipit LC II I

Fringillidae Finches

Common Fringilla coelebs LC III II chaffinch

European Carduelis chloris LC III I greenfinch

Carduelis spinus Eurasian siskin LC III I

Carduelis carduelis Goldfinch LC III I

Carduelis cannabina Common linnet LC III I

Emberizidae Buntings

Miliaria calandra Corn bunting LC III II

Emberiza cia Rock bunting LC III I

Emberiza rustica Rustic bunting LC III I

Emberiza schoeniclus Reed bunting LC III I

Table 2. The list of the mammals of Ordu city.

ORDO Family Name of taxa IUCN BERN CITES Species

ERINACEOMORPHA Hedgehogs

Erinaceidae Hedgehogs

Erinaceus concolor White-chested hedgehog LC

SORICOMORPHA Shrew

Soricidae Shrews

Sorex raddei Radde’s shrew LC III

Transcaucasian water Neomys teres LC III shrew

Crocidura Lesser shrew NE III gueldenstaedtii H. Sevgili et al. / Hacettepe J. Biol. & Chem., 2016, 44 (1), 47–63 59

Table 2. The list of the mammals of Ordu city (Continue).

Lesser white-toothed Crocidura suaveolens LC III shrew

Talpidae Moles

Talpa levantis Levant mole LC

CHIROPTERA Bats

Rhinolophidae Horseshoe bats

Rhinolophus Gretaer horseshoe bats LC II ferrumequinum

Rhinolophus Lesser horseshoe bats LC II hipposideros

Mediterranean Rhinolophus euryale NT II horseshoe bat

Vespertilionidae Vesper bats

Myotis myotis Greater mouse-eared bat LC II

Myotis blythii Lesser mouse-eared bat LC II

Nyctalus leisleri Lesser noctule LC II

Eptesicus serotinus1 Serotine bat LC II

Pipistrellus pipistrellus Common pipistrelle LC III

Miniopteridae Long-winged bats

Miniopterus schreibersii Common bent-wing bag NT II

LAGOMORPHA Lagomorphs

Leporidae Hares

Euopean hare/Brown Lepus europaeus LC III hare

RODENTIA Rodents

Sciuridae Squirrels

Sciurus anomalus Caucasian squirrel LC II

Cricetidae Voles, hamsters

Cricetulus migratorius Gray dwarf hamster LC

Myodes glareolus Bank vole LC

Microtus levis Southern vole LC

Microtus subterraneus Common pine vole LC

Microtus majori2 Major’s pine vole LC

Muridae Mouse, Rats

Broad-toothed field mystacinus LC mouse

Apodemus flavicollis Yellow-necked mouse LC

Apodemus witherbyi Steppe field mouse LC

Rattus rattus Black rat LC 60 H. Sevgili et al. / Hacettepe J. Biol. & Chem., 2016, 44 (1), 47–63

Table 2. The list of the mammals of Ordu city (Continue). Rattus norvegicus Brown rat LC

Mus musculus House mouse LC domesticus

Mus macedonicus Macedonian mouse LC

Gliridae Dormouses

Dryomys nitedula3 Forest dormouse LC III

Muscardinus Hazel dormouse LC III avellanarius

CARNIVORA Carnivore

Canidae Foxes, Jackals

Canis aureus Golden jackal LC

Vulpes vulpes Red fox LC

Mustelidae Martens, Weasels

Mustela nivalis Least weasel LC III

Martes martes European pine marten LC III

Martes foina Stone marten LC III

Lutra lutra4 Lutra NT II I

Felidae Kedigiller

Felis silvestris Yaban Kedisi LC II II

ARTIODACTYLA Even-toed ungulate

Suidae Pigs, Boars

Sus scrofa Wild boar LC

Cervidae Deers

Capreolus capreolus Roe deer LC III

1Recorded from Bulancak (Giresun), very close to Ordu city (A. Karataş, unpublished data), therefore this species is added in to the list. 2Although there is no record from Ordu city, the species is known from Ulubey town, very close to Ordu [43, cf. 44]. Thus, we added the species to the current list of the city. 3It is recorded from Bulancak (Giresun) (A. Karataş, unpublished data). 4L. lutra, we did not find from Ordu although it is observed from two different localities in Bulancak (Giresun) (A. Karataş, unpublished data).

Table 3. Species list of the Herpetofauna of Ordu city. ORDO Family Name of taxa IUCN BERN CITES Species

SQUAMATA Scaled reptiles

Anguidae Glass lizards

Anguis fragilis Slow worm, Blindworm III

Lacertidae Lizards

Lacerta viridis Green lizard LC II

Darevskia rudis Spiny-tailed lizard LC III

SERPENTES Snakes H. Sevgili et al. / Hacettepe J. Biol. & Chem., 2016, 44 (1), 47–63 61

Table 3. Species list of the Herpetofauna of Ordu city (Continue).

Colubridae Colubrids

Coronella austriaca Smooth snake II

Natrix natrix Grass snake LC III

Elaphe longissima Aesculapian snake LC II

TESTUDINATA Turtles

Emydidae Pond/Mars turtles

Emys orbicularis European pond turtle NT II

URODELA Newts and Salamanders

Salamandridae Salamenders

Balkan-Anatolian Triturus ivanbureschi LC II crested newt

ANURA Frogs

Hylidae Tree frogs

Oriental tree frog, Hyla orientalis III Green frog

Ranidae True frogs

Rana dalmatina Agile frog LC III

Pelophylax ridibundus Marsh frog LC III -

40 species of mammals belonging to 16 list since they are assessed as extinct in Ordu families and 7 orders were listed (Table 2). Despite (central district). Similarly, Rupicapra rupicapra a few of these species were not recorded in the (Chamois) records given from Ordu by the same study area, they were included in the list because author are likely to be misidentification of Capra of their high possibility of existence in the area aegagrus (Wild Goat). Indeed, this species is for distributing in adjacent parts and sharing mostly distributed in the high mountains of the almost the same habitat type (see footnotes in Eastern Black Sea. Table 3). In addition, some species like Microtus socialis (Social vole, Doğu Kırfaresi) given from A total of 17 herptile species, including 3 inner parts as from Gölköy and Mesudiye were salamanders (Urodela), 6 frogs (Anura), 4 lizards also not included in the list. These districts are and 4 snakes were recorded according to the located in the Central Anatolia border of Ordu results of the only herpetofaunistic study carried and are different from the study area which out in Ordu and Giresun which also covers the shows boreal characteristics in both ecological present study area [27]. However in this study, and zoogeographical terms. a total of 11 species were identified, including one salamanders (Urodela), 3 frogs (Anura), one On the other hand, Monachus monachus turtle, 3 lizards and 3 snakes (Table 3). (Mediterranean monk seal) has been regarded as extinct (RE) in all the Black Sea after been ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Funding was provided by Ordu University, Turkey observed (N= 1) in the early 1980 [42] in (Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit, Project Perşembe. Ursus arctos (Brown Bear) and Cervus no: AR-1223). We would likte to thank Ömer Furtun, elaphus (Red Deer) records which were given by Ömer Kulaçoğlu, Mehmet Özcan, Arslan Kezer, Dr. Kiraz Kumerloeve [35], has not been verified by the Erciyas and Nizamettin Yavuz providing some their field observation data. recent observations and were not added to the 62 H. Sevgili et al. / Hacettepe J. Biol. & Chem., 2016, 44 (1), 47–63

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