landscape. Asaconsequence ofthissevere or assingletreesinanagricultural now onlyassmallareas,isolated remnants Outside ofnationalparks, occurs rainforest remaining.lowland sub-tropical settlement withforexamplelessthan1%of been severelyreducedsinceEuropean The distributionofrainforestinNSWhas new rainforestspecies. undigested seedsandtheestablishmentof play animportantroleinthedispersalof more abundant.Inreturntheseanimals during periodsoftheyearwhentheyare Flying foxesalsorelyheavilyonfleshyfruits may alsoincorporateinsectsintheirdiets. mainly ontheseedswithinfleshyfruitsbut the endangeredCoxen’s Fig-, feed other speciessuchasfigparrotsincluding comprise almosttheirentirediet,whilst andTopknot,-crowned fleshyfruits For somepigeonssuchastheWompoo, threatened Grey-headed FlyingFox. and anumberofmammalssuchasthe feed almostexclusivelyonfleshyfruits), birds, particularlypigeons(manyofwhich food resourceformanyspeciesofnative texture makingthemanattractiveandkey Fleshy fruitsvaryconsiderablyinsizeand Why aretheyimportant? stone enclosingtheseed. within aleatheryskinandcentralhard . Theycompriseafleshyouterlayer enclose theseedforreproductionof and inparticularrainforestspecies,to Fleshy fruitsareproducedbymanyplants, What areFleshyFruits? NORTH EASTNEWSOUTHWALES Assortment ofFleshyFruits Fleshy Fruited

Food Food Trees Food Trees Food Trees Food Trees NPWS beneficial forbiodiversity. rainforest specieslistedinTable 1wouldbe CampherLaurelwith native Additionally, replacementoftheweed made toretainandprotectthesespecies. agricultural activitiesalleffortsshouldbe the year. Whenundertakingroutine threatened speciesduringvarioustimesof important speciesforprovidingfood coast thatareeitherkeystoneorregionally rainforest speciesoccurringonthenorth Table 1listssomeofthefleshyfruited migratory birdandflying-foxspecies. array offoodresourcesforbothlocaland these treesacrossthelandscapeprovidesan . Inparticular, theretentionof survival ofmanythreatenedbirdsand very significantinensuringthecontinued figs) thatannuallyproducefleshyfruit,is remnants andisolatedpaddocktrees(e.g. The protectionofvegetationincluding What canyoudo? threatened inNSW. species arenowconsideredrareand on .Consequentlymanyofthese doves andparrotsotheranimalsreliant in theabundanceofanumberpigeons, rainforest therehasbeenamarkeddecline reduction inextentanddistributionof

Coxen’s Fig-Parrot Coxen’s Fig-Parrot Recovery Team Recovery Fig-Parrot Coxen’s

NaturalNatural ResourceResource ManagementManagement AdvisoryAdvisory Series:Series: NOTENOTE 55 NORTH EAST Table 1 Fleshy Fruited Rainforest Species

Scientific Name Common Name Scientific Name Common Name

Acmena hemilampra Broad-leaved Lilly Pilly coronata Creek Sandpaper Fig

Acmena ingens Red Apple Ficus fraseri Sandpaper Fig

Acmena smithii Lilly Pilly Moreton Bay Fig

Acronychia oblongifolia Common Achronychia Small-leaved Fig

Alangium villosum Muskwood Ficus rubiginosa Rusty Fig

Anthocarapa nitidula Cedar Ficus superba Deciduous Fig

Aphananthe philippinensis Rough-leaved Elm Ficus virens White Fig

Archontopheonix cunninghamiana Bangalow Palm Strangler Fig

Austromyrtus bidwillii Python Ixora beckleri Native Ixora

Beilschmiedia elliptica Grey Walnut australis Brown Bolly Gum

Beilschmiedia obtusifolia Blush Walnut Litsea reticulata Bolly Gum

Canarium australisicum Mangobark Livistona australis Cabbage Palm

Celtis paniculata Native Mallotus discolor White Kamala

Cinnamomum oliveri Olivers Sassafras azedarach White Cedar

Cinnamomum virens Red-barked Sassafras Green Bolly Gum

Citronella moorei Churnwood White Bolly Gum

Cryptocarya bidwillii Yellow Laurel Olea paniculata Native Olive

Cryptocarya erythroxylon Pigeonberry Ash Pennantia cunninghamii Brown Beech

Cryptocarya obovata Pepperberry Planchonella laurifolia Blush Coondoo

Cryptocarya triplinervis Three-veined Laurel elatus Brown Pine

Decaspermum humile Silky Myrtle Polyscias elegans Celerywood

Dendrocnide excelsa Giant Stinging Tree Polyscias murrayi Pencil Cedar

Diospyros pentamera Myrtle Ebony Premna lignum-vitae Lignum-vitae

Diploglottis australis Native Tamarind Rhodamnia argentea Malletwood

Dysoxylum fraserianum Rhodamnia rubescens Scrub Turpentine

Dysoxylum mollisimum Red Bean Rhodomyrtus psidioides Native Gauva

Ehretia acuminata Koda Sloanea australis Maidens Blush

Elaeocarpus grandis Blue Fig/Blue Quandong Sloanea woolsii Yellow Carabeen

Elaeocarpus kirtonii White Quandong Streblus brunonianus Whalebone Tree

Elaeocarpus obovatus Hard Quandong stawellii White Hazelwood

Elaeocarpus reticulatus Blueberry Ash Buff Hazelwood

Emmenosperma alphitonoides Ye ll o w A s h australe Brush Cherry

Endiandra discolor Rose Walnut Syzygium corynanthum Sour Cherry

Endiandra muelleri Green-leaved Rose Walnut Purple Cherry

Euroschinus falcata Ribbonwood Syzygium francisii Giant Watergum

References and Further Reading Further Information Reference Books for Rainforest Tree Identification Environment Protection and Regulation Division • Floyd A (1989), Rainforest Trees of North East Branch Mainland South-eastern , Forestry Department of Environment and Conservation Commission of NSW, Inkata Press. 24 Moonee Street • Williams J B, et al (1984), Rainforest Trees and COFFS HARBOUR NSW 2450 of NSW and Southern , UNE. Phone: 6651 5946 • DEC website: www.environment.nsw.gov.au August 2004